Jeshu ben Pandira
GA 130
4 November 1911, Leipzig
Lecture I
When we discuss, in connection with spiritual-science, other spiritual worlds besides our physical world, and declare that the human being sustains a relationship, not only to this physical world, but also to super-sensible realms, the question may arise as to what is to be found within the human soul—before one achieves any sort of clairvoyant capacity—which is super-sensible, which gives an indication that the human being is connected with super-sensible worlds. In other words, can even the ordinary person, possessed of no clairvoyant capacity, observe something in the soul, experience something, which bears a relationship to the higher realms? In essence, both today's lecture and that of tomorrow will be devoted to the answering of this question.
When we observe the life of the human soul, it manifests three parts in a certain way independent of one another and yet, on the other hand, closely bound together.
The first thing that confronts us when we direct attention to ourselves as souls is our conceptual life, which includes also in a certain way our thinking, our memory. Memory and thought are not something physical. They belong to the invisible, super-sensible world: in man's thought-life he has something which points to the higher worlds. What this conceptual world is may be grasped by each person in the following way. We bring before him an object, which he observes. Then he turns away. He has not immediately forgotten the object, but preserves within himself a living picture of it. Thus do we have concepts of the world surrounding us, and we may speak of the conceptual life as a part of our soul life.
A second part of our soul life we can observe if we inquire whether we do not possess within us something else related to objects and beings besides our concepts. We do, indeed, have something else. It is what we call feelings of love and hate, what we designate in our thinking by the terms sympathy, antipathy. We consider one thing beautiful, another ugly; perhaps, we love one thing and hate another; one we feel to be good, the other evil. If we wish to summarize what thus appears in our inner life, we may call it emotions of the heart. The life of the heart is something quite different from the conceptual life. In the life of the heart we have a far more intimate indication of the invisible than in the life of concepts. It is a second component of our soul-organism, this life of emotions. Thus we have already two soul-components, our life of thought and of emotion.
Of a third we become aware when we say to ourselves, not only that we consider a thing beautiful or ugly, good or evil, but that we feel impelled to do this or that, when we have the impulse to act. When we undertake anything, perform a relatively important act or even merely take hold of an object, there must always be an impulse within us which induces us to do this. These impulses, moreover, are gradually transformed into habits, and we do not always need to bring our impulses to bear in connection with everything that we do. When we go out, for instance, intending to go to the railway station, we do not then purpose to take the first, second, and third steps; we simply go to the station. Back of all this lies the third member of our soul life, our will impulses, as something ranging wholly beyond the visible.
If we now connect with these three impulses characteristic of the human being our initial question, whether the ordinary man possesses any clue to the existence of higher worlds, we must take cognizance of dream life, how this is related to the three soul elements: the thought impulse, the emotions, the impulse of will.
These three components of our soul life we can clearly differentiate: our thought life, our emotions, and our will impulses. If we reflect somewhat about our soul life, we can differentiate among these three single components of the life of the soul in our external existence. Let us first take the life of concepts. The thought life follows its course throughout the day—if we are not actually void of thought. Throughout the day we have concepts; and, when we grow tired in the evening, these concepts first become hazy. It is as if they became transmuted into a sort of fog. This life becomes feebler and feebler, finally vanishing altogether, and we can then go to sleep. Thus this conceptual life, as we possess it on the physical plane, persists from our waking till our falling asleep, and disappears the moment we fall asleep. No one will suppose that, when he is really sleeping—that is, if he is not clairvoyant during sleep—his thought life can nevertheless continue just as while he is awake. The life of thought—or the conceptual life—which occupies us fully from our waking till our falling asleep, must be extinguished, and only then can we go to sleep.
But the human being must recognize that the concepts he has, which have so overwhelmingly taken possession of him during the day, and which he always has unless he merely drowses along, are no hindrance to his falling to sleep. That this is so is best seen when we surrender ourselves to particularly vigorous concepts before falling asleep—for instance, by reading in a very difficult book. When we have been thinking really intensely, we most easily fall asleep; and so if we cannot go to sleep, it is good to take up a book, or occupy ourselves with something which requires concentrated thinking—study a mathematical book, for instance. This will help us to fall asleep; but not something, on the other hand, in which we are deeply interested, such as a novel containing much that captivates our interest. Here our emotions become aroused, and the life of the emotions is something that hinders us from falling asleep. When we go to bed with our feelings vividly stirred, when we know that we have burdened our soul with something or when there is a special joy in our heart which has not yet subsided, it frequently happens that we turn and toss in bed and are unable to fall asleep. In other words, whereas concepts unaccompanied by emotions weary us, so that we easily fall asleep, precisely that which strongly affects our feelings prevents us from falling asleep. It is impossible then to bring about the separation within ourselves which is necessary if we are to enter into the state of sleep. We can thus see that the life of emotions in us has a different relationship to our whole existence from that of our life of thought.
If we wish, however, to make the distinction quite correctly, we must take cognizance of something else: that is, our dreams. It might be supposed at first that, when the variegated life of dreams works upon us, this consists of concepts continuing their existence into the state of sleep. But, if we test the matter quite accurately, we shall observe that our conceptual life is not continued in our dreams. That which by its very nature wearies us does not continue during our dreams. This occurs only when our concepts. are associated with intense emotions.
It is the emotions that appear in dream pictures. But to realize this it is necessary, of course, to test these things adequately. Take an example:—Someone dreams that he is young again and has one experience or another. Immediately thereafter the dream is transformed and something occurs which he may not have experienced at all. Some sort of occurrence becomes manifest to him which is alien to his memory, because he has not experienced this on the physical plane. But persons known to him appear. How often it occurs that one finds oneself during dreams involved in actions in connection with which one is in the company of friends or acquaintances whom one has not seen for a long time. But, if we examine the thing adequately, we shall be forced to the conclusion that emotions are back of what emerges in dreams. Perhaps, we still cling to the friend of that time, are not yet quite severed from him; there must still be some sort of emotion in us which is connected with him. Nothing occurs in dreams that is not connected with emotions. Accordingly, we must draw a certain conclusion here—that is, that when the concepts which our waking life of day impart to us do not appear in dreams, this proves that they do not accompany us into sleep. When emotions keep us from sleeping, this proves that they do not release us, that they must be present in order to be able to appear in dream pictures. It is the emotions which bring us the dream concepts. This is due to the fact that the emotions are far more intimately connected with man's real being than is the life of thought. The emotions we carry over even into sleep. In other words, they are a soul element that remains united with us even during sleep. In contrast with ordinary concepts, the emotions are something that accompanies us into sleep, something far more closely, more intensely, connected with the human individuality than is ordinary thinking not pervaded by emotion.
How is it with the third soul component, with the impulses of will? There also we can present a sort of example. Of course, this can be observed only by persons who pay attention to the moment of falling asleep in a rather subtle way. If a person has acquired through training a certain capacity to observe this moment, this observation is extremely interesting. At first, our concepts appear to us to be enveloped in mist; the external world vanishes, and we feel as if our soul being were extended beyond our bodily nature, as if we were no longer compressed within the limits of our skin but were flowing out into the elements of the cosmos. A profound feeling of satisfaction may be associated with falling asleep. Then comes a moment when a certain memory arises. Most likely, extremely few persons have this experience, but we can perceive this moment if we are sufficiently attentive. There appear before our vision the good and also the evil impulses of will that we have experienced; and the strange thing is that, in the presence of the good impulses, One has the feeling: "This is something connected with all wholesome will forces, something that invigorates you." If the good will impulses present themselves to the soul before the person falls asleep, he feels so much the fresher and more filled with life-forces, and the feeling often arises: "If only this moment could last forever! If only this moment could endure for eternity!" Then one feels, in addition, how the bodily nature is deserted by the soul element. Finally there comes a jerk, and he falls asleep. One does not need to be a clairvoyant in order to experience this, but only to observe the life of the soul.
We must infer from this something extremely important. Our will impulses work before we fall asleep, and we feel that they fructify us. We sense an extraordinary invigoration. As regards the mere emotions, we had to say that these are more closely connected with our individuality than is our ordinary thinking, our ordinary act of conceiving. So we must now say of that which constitutes our will impulses: "This is not merely something that remains with us during sleep, but something which becomes a strengthening, an empowering, of the life within us." Still more intimately by far are the will impulses in us connected with our life than are our emotions; and whoever frequently observes the moment of falling asleep feels in this moment that, if he cannot look back upon any good will impulses during the day, the effect of this is as if there had been killed within him something of that which enters into the state of sleep. In other words, the will impulses are connected with health and disease, with the life force in us.
Thoughts cannot be seen. We see the rose bush at first by means used in ordinary physical perception; but, when the beholder turns aside or goes away, the image of the object remains in him. He does not see the object but he can form a mental image of it. That is, our thought life is something super-sensible. Completely super-sensible are our emotions; and our will impulses, although they are transmuted into actions, are none the less something super-sensible. But we know at once likewise, when we take into consideration everything which has now been said, that our thought life not permeated by will impulses is least closely connected with us.
Now, it might be supposed that what has just been said is refuted by the fact that, on the following day our concepts of the preceding day confront us again; that we can recollect them. Indeed, we are obliged to recollect. We must, in a super-sensible way, call our concepts back into memory.
With our emotions, the situation is different; they are most intimately united with us. If we have gone to bed in a mood of remorse, we shall sense upon awaking the next morning that we have waked with a feeling of dullness—or something of the sort. If we experienced remorse, we sense this the next day in our body as weakness, lethargy, numbness; joy we sense as strength and elevation of spirits. In this case we do not need first to remember the remorse or the joy, to reflect about them; we feel them in our body. We do not need to recollect what has been there: it is there, it has passed into sleep with us and has lived with us. Our emotions are more intensely, more closely, bound up with the eternal part of us than are our thoughts.
But any one who is able to observe his will impulses feels that they are simply present again; they are always present. It may be that, at the moment of waking, we note that we experience again in its immediacy, in a certain sense, what we experienced as joy in life on the preceding day through our good moral impulses. In reality nothing so refreshes us as that which we cause to flow through our souls on the preceding day in the form of good moral impulses. We may say, therefore, that what we call our will impulses is most intimately of all bound up with our existence.
Thus the three soul components are different from one another, and we shall understand, if we clearly grasp these distinctions, that occult knowledge justifies the assertion that our thoughts, which are super-sensible, bring us into relationship with the super-sensible world, our emotions with another super-sensible world, and our will impulses with still another, even more intimately bound up with our own real being. For this reason we make the following assertion. When we perceive with the external senses, we can thereby perceive everything that is in the physical world. When we conceive, our life of concepts, our thought life, is in relationship with the astral world. Our emotions bring us into connection with what we call the Heavenly World or Lower Devachan. And our moral impulses brings us into connection with the Higher Devachan, or the World of Reason. Man thus stands in relationship with three worlds through the impulses of thought, emotion, and will. To the extent that he belongs to the astral world, he can carry his thoughts into the astral world; he can carry his emotions into the world of Devachan; he can carry into the higher Heavenly World all that he possesses in his soul of the nature of will impulses.1See also—Rudolf Steiner: Macrocosm and Microcosm
When we consider the matter in this way, we shall see how justified occult science is in speaking of the three worlds. And, when we take this into consideration, we shall view the realm of the moral in an entirely different way; for the realm of good will impulses gives us a relationship to the highest of the three worlds into which the being of man extends.
Our ordinary thought life reaches only up to the astral world. No matter how brilliant our thoughts may be, thoughts that are not sustained by feelings go no further than into the astral world; they have no significance for other worlds. You will certainly understand in this connection what is said in regard to external science, dry, matter-of-fact external science. No man can by means of thoughts not permeated by emotion affirm anything regarding other worlds than the astral realm. Under ordinary circumstances, the thinking of the scientist, of the chemist, the mathematician, runs its course without any sort of feeling. This goes no further than just under the surface. Indeed, scientific research even demands that it shall proceed in this way, and for this reason it penetrates only into the astral world.
Only when delight or repugnance are associated with the thoughts of the research scientist is there added to these thoughts the element needed in order to penetrate the world of Devachan. Only when emotions enter into thoughts, into concepts, when we feel one thing to be good and another evil, do we combine with thoughts that which carries them into the Heavenly World. Only then can we get a glimpse into deeper foundations of existence. If we wish to grasp something belonging to the world of Devachan, no theories help us in the least. The only thing that helps us is to unite feelings with our thoughts. Thinking carries us only into the astral world.
When the geometrician, for example, grasps the relationships pertaining to the triangle, this helps him only into the astral element. But, when he grasps the triangle as a symbol, and derives from it what lies therein as to the participation of the human being in the three worlds, something regarding his threefoldness, this helps him to a higher level. One who feels in symbols the expression for the soul force, one who inscribes this in his heart, one who feels in connection with everything that people generally merely know, brings his thoughts into connection with Devachan. For this reason, in meditating we must feel our way through what is given us, for only thus do we bring ourselves into connection with the world of Devachan. Ordinary science, therefore, void of any feeling of the heart, can never bring the human being, no matter how keen it may be, into connection with anything except the astral world.
Art, music, painting and the like, on the other hand, lead man into the lower Devachan world. To this statement the objection might be raised that, if it is true that the emotions really lead one into the lower Devachan world, passions, appetites, instincts, would also do this. Indeed, they do. But this is only an evidence of the fact that we are more intimately bound up with our feelings than with our thoughts. Our sympathies may be associated with our lower nature also; an emotional life is brought about by appetites and instincts also, and this leads into lower Devachan. Whereas we absolve in Kamaloka whatever false thoughts we have, we carry with us into the world of Devachan all that we have developed up to the stage of emotions; and this imprints itself upon us even into the next incarnation, so that it comes to expression in our Karma. Through our life of feeling, so far as this can have these two aspects, we either raise ourselves into the world of Devachan, or we outrage it.
Through our will impulses, on the contrary, which are either moral or immoral, we either have a good relationship with the higher world or we injure it, and have to compensate for this in our Karma. If a person is so evil and degenerate that he establishes such a connection with the higher world through his evil impulses as actually to injure this, he is cast out. But the impulse must, nevertheless, have originated in the higher world. The significance of the moral life becomes clear to us in all its greatness when we view the matter in this way.
Out of the worlds with which the human being is in such a close relationship through his threefold soul nature and also through his physical nature—out of these realms proceed those forces which can lead man through the world. That is, when we observe an object belonging to the physical world, this can occur only through the fact that we have eyes to see it with: it is thus that the human being is in relationship with the physical world. Through the fact that he develops his life of thought, he is in relationship with the astral world; through the development of his life of feeling, he is connected with the world of Devachan; and through his moral life with the world of upper Devachan.
Four Worlds | Participation of the Human Being |
---|---|
Upper Devachan | Will: moral impulses |
Lower Devachan | Feelings: aesthetic ideals |
Astral World | Thought: etheric nature |
Physical World | Corporeality: physical-material nature |
The human being has four relationships with four worlds. But this signifies nothing else than that he has a relationship with the Beings of these worlds. From this point of view it is interesting to reflect upon man's evolution, to look into the past, the present, and the immediate future.
From the worlds we have mentioned there proceed those forces which penetrate into our lives. Here we have to point out that, in the epoch which lies behind us, human beings were primarily dependent upon influences from the physical world, primarily capacitated to receive impulses out of the physical world. This lies behind us as the Graeco-Latin epoch. During this epoch Christ worked on earth in a physical body. Since the human being was then capacitated primarily to receive the influences of the forces existing in the physical world, Christ had to appear on the physical plane.
At present we live in an epoch in which thinking is primarily developed, in which man receives his impulses out of the world of thought, the astral world. Even external history demonstrates this. We can scarcely refer to philosophers of the pre-Christian era; at most, to a preparatory stage of thinking. Hence the history of philosophy begins with Thales. Only after the Graeco-Latin epoch does scientific thinking appear. Intellectual thinking comes for the first time about the sixteenth century. This explains the great progress in the sciences, which exclude all emotion from the activity of thought. And science is so specially beloved in our day because in it thought is not permeated with emotions. Our science is void of feeling, and seeks its well-being in the utter absence of sentiments. Alas for one who should experience any feeling in connection with a laboratory experiment! This is characteristic of our epoch, which brings the human being into contact primarily with the astral plane.
The next age, following our own, will already be more spiritual. There the sentiments will play a role even in connection with science. If any one shall then wish to stand an examination for admission to some scientific study, it will be necessary for him to be able to sense the light that exists behind everything, the spiritual world which brings everything into existence. The value of scientific work in any test will then consist in the fact that one shall observe whether a person can develop in the test sufficient emotion; otherwise he will fail in the examination. Even though the candidate may have any amount of knowledge, he will not be able to pass the examination if he does not have the right sentiments. This certainly sounds very queer but it will be true, none the less, that the laboratory table will be raised to the level of an altar, at which the test of a person will consist in the fact that, in the electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen, feelings will be developed in him corresponding with what the Gods feel when this occurs. The human being will then receive his impulses from an intimate connection with the lower Devachan.
And then will come the age that is to be the last before the next great earth catastrophe. This will be the age when man shall be related with the higher world in his will impulses, when that which is moral will be dominant on the earth. Then neither external ability nor the intellect nor the feelings will hold the first rank, but the impulses of will. Not man's skill but his moral quality will be determinative. Thus will humanity, upon arriving at this point of time, have reached the epoch of morality, during which man will be in a special relationship with the world of higher Devachan.
It is a truth that, in the course of evolution, there awaken in the human being ever greater powers of love, out of which he may draw his knowledge, his impulses, and his activities.
Whereas at an earlier period, when Christ came down to the earth in a physical body, human beings could not have perceived Him otherwise than in a physical body, there are actually awaking in our age the forces through which they shall see the Christ, not in His physical body, but in a form which will exist on the astral plane as an etheric form. Even in our century, from the 1930's on, and ever increasingly to the middle of the century, a great number of human beings will behold the Christ as an etheric form. This will constitute the great advance beyond the earlier epoch, when human beings were not yet ripe for beholding Him thus. This is what is meant by the saying that Christ will appear in the clouds; for this means that He will appear as an etheric form on the astral plane.
But it must be emphasized that He can be seen in this epoch only in the etheric body. Any one who should believe that Christ will appear again in a physical body loses sight of the progress made by human powers. It is a blunder to suppose that such an event as the appearance of Christ can recur in the same manner as that in which it has already taken place.
The next event, then, is that human beings will see Christ on the astral plane in etheric form, and those who are then living on the physical plane, and who have taken in the teachings of spiritual-science, will see Him. Those, however, who are then no longer living, but who have prepared themselves through spiritual-scientific work will see Him, none the less, in etheric raiment between their death and rebirth. But there will be human beings also who will not be able to see Him in the etheric body. Those who shall have scorned spiritual-science will not be able to see Him, but will have to wait till the next incarnation, during which they may then devote themselves to the knowledge of the spirit and be able to prepare themselves in order that they may be able to understand what then occurs. It will not depend then upon whether a person has actually studied spiritual-science or not while living on the physical plane, except that the appearance of the Christ will be a rebuke and a torment to these, whereas those who strove to attain a knowledge of the spirit in the preceding incarnation will know what they behold.
Then will come an epoch when still higher powers will awake in human beings. This will be the epoch when the Christ will manifest Himself in still loftier manner; in an astral form in the lower world of Devachan. And the final epoch, that of the moral impulse will be that in which the human beings who shall have passed through the other stages will behold the Christ in His glory, as the form of the greatest "Ego," as the spiritualized Ego-Self, as the great Teacher of human evolution in the higher Devachan.
Thus the succession is as follows: In the Graeco-Latin epoch Christ appeared on the physical plane; in our epoch He will appear as an etheric form on the astral plane; in the next epoch as an astral form on the plane of lower Devachan; and in the epoch of morality as the very essence and embodiment of the Ego.
We may now ask ourselves for what purpose spiritual-science exists. It is in order that there may be a sufficient number of human beings who shall be prepared when these events take place. And even now spiritual-science is working to the end that human beings may enter in the right way into connection with the higher worlds, to the end that they may enter rightly into the etheric-astral, into the aesthetic-Devachanic, into the moral-Devachanic. In our epoch it is the spiritual-scientific movement that aims, in a special way at the goal of having the human being capable in his moral impulses of entering into a right relationship with the Christ.
The next three millennia will be devoted to making the appearance of the Christ in the etheric visible. Only to those whose feelings are wholly materialistic will this be unattainable. A person may think materialistically when he admits the validity of matter alone and denies the existence of everything spiritual, or through the fact that he draws the spiritual down into the material. A person is materialistic also in admitting the existence of the spiritual only in material embodiment. There are also Theosophists who are materialists. These are those who believe that humanity is doomed to the necessity of beholding Christ again in a physical body. One does not escape from being a materialist through being a Theosophist, but through comprehending that the higher worlds exist even when we cannot se them in a sensible manifestation but must evolve up to them in order to behold them.
If we cause all this to pass before our minds, we may say that Christ is the true moral impulse which permeates humanity with moral power. The Christ impulse is power and life, the moral power which permeates the human being. But this moral power must be understood. Precisely as regards our own epoch it is necessary that Christ shall be proclaimed. For this reason Anthroposophy has the mission also of proclaiming the Christ in etheric form.
Before Christ appeared on earth through the Mystery of Golgotha, the teaching about Him was prepared in advance. At that time, likewise, the physical Christ was proclaimed. It was primarily Jeshu ben Pandira who was the forerunner and herald, a hundred years before Christ. He also had the name Jesus, and, in contrast to Christ Jesus, he was called Jesus ben Pandira, son of Pandira. This man lived about a hundred years before our era. One does not need to be a clairvoyant in order to know this, for it is to be found in Rabbinical writings, and this fact has often been the occasion for confusing him with Christ Jesus. Jeshu ben Pandira was at first stoned and then hanged upon the beam of the cross. Jesus of Nazareth was actually crucified.
Who was this Jeshu ben Pandira? He is a great individuality who, since the time of Buddha—that is, about 600 B.C.—has been incarnated once in nearly every century in order to bring humanity forward. To understand him, we must go back to the nature of the Buddha.
We know, of course, that Buddha lived as a prince in the Sakya family five centuries and a half before the beginning of our era. The individuality who became the Buddha at that time had not already been a Buddha. Buddha, that prince who gave to humanity the doctrine of compassion, had not been born in that age as Buddha. For Buddha does not signify an individuality; Buddha is a rank of honor, This Buddha was born as a Bodhisattva and was elevated to the Buddha in the twenty-ninth year of his life, while he sat absorbed in meditation under the Bodhi tree and brought down from the spiritual heights into the physical world the doctrine of compassion. A Bodhisattva he had previously been—that is, in his previous incarnations also—and then he became a Buddha. But the situation is such that the position of a Bodhisattva—that is of a teacher of humanity in physical form—became thereby vacant for a certain period of time, and had to be filled again. As the Bodhisattva who had incarnated at that time ascended in the twenty-ninth year of his life to the Buddha, the rank of the Bodhisattva was at once transferred to another individuality. Thus we must speak of a successor of the Bodhisattva who had now risen to the rank of Buddha. The successor to the Gautama-Buddha-Bodhisattva was that individuality who incarnated a hundred years before Christ as Jeshu ben Pandira, as a herald of the. Christ in the physical body.
He is now to be the Bodhisattva of humanity until he shall in his turn advance to the rank of Buddha after 3,000 years, reckoned from the present time. In other words, he will require exactly 5,000 years to rise from a Bodhisattva to a Buddha. He who has been incarnated nearly every century since that time, is now also already incarnated, and will be the real herald of the Christ in etheric raiment, just as he proclaimed the Christ at that time in advance as the physical Christ. And even many of us will ourselves experience the fact that, during the 1930's, there will be persons—and more and more later in the century—who will behold the Christ in etheric raiment.
It is in order to prepare for this that spiritual-science exists, and every one who' works at the task of spiritual-science shares in making this preparation.
The manner in which humanity is taught by its Leaders, but especially by a Bodhisattva who is to become the Maitreya Buddha, changes greatly from epoch to epoch.
Spiritual-science could not have been taught in the Graeco-Latin epoch in the manner in which it is taught today; this would not have been understood by any one at that time. In that period, the Christ Being had to make manifest in physically visible form the goal of evolution, and only thus could He then work. Spiritual research spreads this teaching ever increasingly among human beings, and they will come to understand more and more the Christ Impulse until the Christ Himself shall have entered into them.
Today it is possible by means of the physically uttered word, in concepts and 'ideas, by means of thinking, to make the goal understandable and to influence men's souls in a good way, in order to fire them with enthusiasm for aesthetic and moral ideals. But the speech of today will be replaced in later periods of time by forces capable of a mightier stimulation than that which is possible at present by means of speech alone. Then will speech, the word, bring it about that there shall dwell in the word itself powers which shall convey feelings of the heart from soul to soul, from master to pupil, from the Bodhisattva to all those who do not turn away from him. It will then be possible for speech to be the bearer of aesthetic feelings of the heart. But the dawn of a new epoch is needed for this. In our time it would not be possible even for the Bodhisattva himself to exert such influences through the larynx as will then be possible.
And during the final period of time, before the great war of all against all, the situation will be such that, as speech is at present the bearer of thoughts and conceptions and as it will later be the bearer of the feelings of the heart, so will it then carry the moral element, the moral impulses, transmitting these from soul to soul. At present the word cannot have a moral influence. Such words can by no means be produced by our larynx as it is today. But such a power of spirit will one day exist. Words will be spoken through which the human being will receive moral power. Three thousand years after our present time will the Bodhisattva we have mentioned become the Buddha, and his teaching will then cause impulses to stream directly into humanity. He will be the One whom the ancients foresaw: the Buddha Maitreya, a Bringer of Good.
He has the mission of preparing humanity in advance so that it may understand the true Christ Impulse: He has the mission of directing men's eyes more and more to that which men can love, to bring it about that what men can spread abroad as a theory shall flow into a moral channel so that at length all that men can possess in the form of thoughts shall stream into the moral life. And, whereas it is still entirely possible today that a person may be very keen intellectually but immoral, we are approaching a time when it will be impossible for any one to be at the same time intellectually shrewd and immoral. It will be impossible for mental shrewdness and immorality to go hand in hand.
This is to be understood in the following way. Those who have kept themselves apart, and have opposed the course of evolution, will be the ones who will then battle together, all against all. Even those who develop today the highest intelligence, if they do not develop further during the succeeding epochs in the heart and in the moral life, will gain nothing from their shrewdness. The highest intelligence is, indeed, developed in our epoch. We have reached a climax in this. But one who has developed intelligence today and who shall neglect the succeeding possibilities of evolution, will destroy himself by his own intelligence. This will then be like an inner fire consuming him, devouring him, making him so small and feeble that he will become stupid and be able to achieve nothing—a fire that will annihilate him in the epoch wherein the moral impulses will have reached their climax. Whereas a person can be very dangerous today by means of his immoral shrewdness, he will then be without power to harm. In place of this power, however, the soul will then possess in ever increasing measure moral powers—indeed, moral powers such as a person of the present cannot in the least conceive. The highest power and morality are needed to receive the Christ Impulse into ourselves so that it becomes power and life in us.
Thus we see that spiritual-science has the mission of planting in the present stage of the evolution of humanity the seeds for its future evolution. Of course, we must consider in connection with spiritual-science also that which must be considered in connection with the account of the whole creation of the world: that is, that errors may occur. But even one who cannot as yet enter into the higher worlds can make adequate tests and see whether here and there the truth is proclaimed: here the details must be mutually consistent. Test what is proclaimed, all the individual data which are brought together regarding the evolution of the human being, the single phases in the appearing of the Christ, and the like, and you will see that things mutually confirm one another. This is the evidence of truth which is available even to the person who does not yet see into the higher worlds. One can be quite assured: for those who are willing to test things, the doctrine of the Christ reappearing in the spirit will alone prove to be true.
Jeshu Ben Pandira Der Vorbereiter Für Ein Verständnis Des Christus-Impulses. Karma Als Lebensinhalt
Meine lieben theosophischen Freunde!
Wenn wir in der Theosophie außer unserer physischen Welt noch andere, übersinnliche Welten betrachten und sagen, dass der Mensch nicht nur mit dieser physischen Welt im Zusammenhang steht, sondern auch mit übersinnlichen Welten, so kann die Frage auftauchen: Was findet man in der menschlichen Seele, bevor man zu irgendwelcher hellseherischen Begabung kommt, was übersinnlich ist, was uns den Hinweis darauf gibt, dass der Mensch mit übersinnlichen Welten in Verbindung steht? Mit anderen Worten: Kann auch der gewöhnliche Mensch, der keine hellseherische Fähigkeit hat, etwas in der Seele bemerken, etwas erleben, was mit den höheren Welten in Zusammenhang steht? Im Wesentlichen wird einer Antwort auf diese Frage sowohl unsere heutige als auch unsere morgige Betrachtung gewidmet sein.
Wenn wir das menschliche Seelenleben betrachten, so teilt es sich deutlich in drei Teile, die in gewisser Beziehung voneinander unabhängig sind, aber doch wieder in engem Zusammenhang stehen.
Das Erste, was uns, wenn wir uns selbst als Seele betrachten, entgegentritt, ist unser Vorstellungsleben, das auch in gewisser Beziehung unser Denken, unser Erinnern einschließt. Erinnerung und Gedanken sind nichts Physisches, sie gehören dem Unsichtbaren, den übersinnlichen Welten an. In seinem Gedankenleben hat der Mensch einen Hinweis auf die höheren Welten. Was dieses Vorstellungsleben ist, davon kann sich jeder eine Anschauung bilden auf folgende Weise: Wir bringen ihm einen Gegenstand, den er betrachtet. Dann dreht er sich um. Er hat den Gegenstand nicht gleich vergessen, sondern bewahrt ein Bild desselben in sich, das in ihm lebt. So haben wir Vorstellungen von der Welt um uns herum, und wir können, wenn wir vom Vorstellungsleben sprechen, als von einem Teile unseres Seelenlebens sprechen.
Einen zweiten Teil unseres Seelenlebens können wir wahrnehmen, wenn wir uns fragen: Haben wir nicht den Dingen und auch den Wesenheiten gegenüber noch etwas anderes in der Seele als nur unsere Vorstellungen? Ja, wir haben auch etwas anderes. Es ist das, was wir Liebe- und Hassempfindungen nennen, was wir in unserem Denken mit Sympathie und Antipathie bezeichnen. Wir finden das eine schön, das andere hässlich, wir lieben das eine, das andere hassen wir vielleicht, wir finden das eine gut, das andere böse. Wenn wir zusammenfassen wollen, was hier in unserer Seele auftritt, so können wir von Gemütsbewegungen sprechen. Es ist das Gemütsleben etwas ganz anderes als das Vorstellungsleben. Im Gemütsleben haben wir einen viel intimeren Hinweis auf das Unsichtbare als beim Vorstellungsleben. Es ist ein zweites Glied unseres Seelenorganismus, das Leben der Gemütsbewegungen. So hätten wir schon zwei Seelenglieder, unser Vorstellungsleben und das Leben der Gemütsbewegungen.
Ein Drittes werden wir gewahr, wenn wir uns sagen, wir finden ein Ding nicht nur schön oder hässlich, wir finden es nicht nur gut oder böse, sondern wir fühlen uns gedrängt, dies oder jenes zu tun: Wir haben den Impuls zu handeln. Wenn wir irgendetwas unternehmen, eine größere Tat tun oder auch nur einen Gegenstand ergreifen, so muss immer ein Impuls in unserer Seele sein, der uns hierzu veranlasst. Es verwandeln sich diese Impulse nach und nach auch in Gewohnheiten, und wir brauchen nicht immer bei allem, was wir tun, unsere Impulse in Anwendung zu bringen. Wenn wir zum Beispiel hinausgehen und uns vorgenommen haben, zum Bahnhof zu gehen, dann nehmen wir uns nicht vor, den ersten, zweiten und dritten Schritt zu tun; wir gehen eben bis zum Bahnhof. All dem liegt das dritte Glied unseres Seelenlebens zugrunde, unsere Willensimpulse als etwas, was völlig über das Sichtbare hinausragt.
Verbinden wir nun die Eingangsfrage: Besitzt der gewöhnliche Mensch einen Anhaltspunkt für das Vorhandensein höherer Welten? — mit diesen drei dem Menschen eigentümlichen Impulsen, so müssen wir das Traumleben in Betracht ziehen, wie es sich verhält zu den drei Seelenelementen des Gedankenimpulses, der Gemütsbewegung und des Willensimpulses. Diese drei Glieder unseres Seelenlebens können wir deutlich unterscheiden: unser Vorstellungsleben, das Leben unserer Gemütsbewegungen und unsere Willensimpulse. Wenn wir etwas nachdenken über unser Seelenleben, können wir unterscheiden zwischen diesen einzelnen Gliedern unseres Seelenlebens im äußeren Dasein.
Nehmen wir zuerst das Vorstellungsleben. Dieses Vorstellungsleben läuft den ganzen Tag hindurch ab, wenn wir nicht gerade gedankenlos sind. Wir haben den ganzen Tag über Vorstellungen, und wenn wir abends müde werden, so trüben sich diese Vorstellungen zunächst. Es ist, als wenn sie sich in eine Art Nebel hineinverwandeln. Es wird schwächer und schwächer, und endlich verschwindet es ganz, und wir können dann einschlafen. Dieses Vorstellungsleben, wie wir es auf dem physischen Plan haben, währt also vom Aufwachen bis zum Einschlafen, und als solches verschwindet es mit dem Moment des Einschlafens. Es wird sich ein Mensch nicht vorstellen können, dass er, wenn er wirklich schläft - also nicht etwa hellseherisch schläft -, trotzdem sein Gedankenleben in der gleichen Weise fortsetzen könne wie im Wachen. Das Gedankenleben beziehungsweise das Vorstellungsleben, das uns ausfüllt vom Aufwachen bis zum Einschlafen, muss auslöschen, und erst dann können wir einschlafen.
Der Mensch muss sich aber sagen: Die Vorstellungen, die er hat und die ihn am Tage in überaus reichlichem Maße in Anspruch genommen haben und die er immer hat, wenn er nicht bloß so vor sich hindöst, sie sind kein Hindernis für das Einschlafen. Dass dies so ist, sieht man am besten, wenn man vor dem Einschlafen besonders regen Vorstellungen sich hingibt, etwa durch Lesen in einem schweren Buche. Wenn wir recht intensiv gedacht haben, schlafen wir am besten ein und wenn wir nicht einschlafen können, so ist es gut, wenn wir ein Buch nehmen oder uns mit irgendetwas beschäftigen, wobei wir angestrengt nachdenken müssen, etwa ein Mathematikbuch studieren, das wird uns zum Einschlafen verhelfen; dagegen nichts, was ein tieferes Interesse für uns hat, wie ein Roman, der vieles enthält, was für uns selbst Interesse hat. Hier treten unsere Gemütsbewegungen auf, und das Leben unserer Gemütsbewegungen ist etwas, was uns am Einschlafen hindert.
Wenn wir uns mit einem lebhaft bewegten Gemüt zu Bett legen, wenn wir wissen, wir haben etwas auf unsere Seele geladen, oder wenn wir eine besondere Freude im Gemüt haben, die sich noch nicht ausgelebt hat, so werden wir uns sehr oft auf unserem Lager wälzen und nicht einschlafen können. Während uns also die Vorstellungen, welche nicht von Gemütsbewegungen begleitet sind, ermüden, sodass wir leicht einschlafen, hindert uns gerade dasjenige, was unser Gemüt recht kräftig bewegt, am Einschlafen. Es ist nicht möglich, die Trennung herbeizuführen, welche nötig ist, wenn wir in den Zustand des Schlafes kommen wollen. Daraus können wir schon sehen, dass sich das Leben unserer Gemütsbewegungen anders verhält zu unserem ganzen Dasein als das Leben unserer Vorstellungen. Wenn wir so recht den Unterschied machen wollen, so müssen wir allerdings noch auf etwas anderes Rücksicht nehmen, nämlich auf unsere Träume. Zunächst könnte ja der Mensch glauben, wenn das bunte Leben der Träume auf uns wirkt, dass dies Vorstellungen sind, die in den Schlaf hinein ihr Dasein fortsetzen. Wenn man aber ganz genau prüft, so wird man bemerken, dass sich unser Vorstellungsleben nicht in unseren Träumen fortsetzt. Das, was geeignet ist, unsere Seele zu ermüden, setzt sich nicht in den Träumen fort. Es geschieht dies nur, wenn unsere Vorstellungen mit heftigen Gemütsbewegungen verknüpft sind. Die Gemütsbewegungen sind es, die in dem Traumbilde auftreten. Um das zu erkennen, muss man allerdings die Dinge genau prüfen. Ein Beispiel: Jemand träumt, er sei wieder jung und erlebe dies oder jenes. Gleich darauf verwandelt sich der Traum, und es geschieht etwas, was er allerdings gar nicht erlebt zu haben braucht. Es zeigt sich irgendein Ereignis, das seiner Erinnerung fremd ist, weil er es auf dem physischen Plane nicht erlebte. Aber es treten bekannte Personen auf. Wie oft kommt es vor, dass man sich im Traume in Handlungen verstrickt sieht, bei denen man mit Freunden oder Bekannten zusammen ist, die man lange nicht gesehen hat. Wenn man aber genau prüft, wird man sich sagen müssen, dass in dem, was im Traum auftaucht, Gemütsbewegungen im Hintergrund sind. Vielleicht hängen wir noch an dem damaligen Freund, sind noch nicht ganz. von ihm losgelöst. Es muss noch irgendeine Gemütsbewegung, die mit ihm zusammenhängt, vorhanden sein. Es tritt nichts im Traume auf, was nicht mit Gemütsbewegungen zusammenhängt. Demnach muss man hier einen bestimmten Schluss ziehen, nämlich den: Wenn die Vorstellungen, die uns unser waches Tagesbewusstsein übermittelt, im Traume nicht auftreten, so ist das ein Beweis dafür, dass sie nicht mit hineingehen in den Schlaf. Wenn Gemütsbewegungen uns am Schlaf verhindern, so bezeugt das, dass sie uns nicht loslassen, dass sie da sein müssen, um in den Traumgebilden auftreten zu können. Die Gemütsbewegungen sind cs, die herbeiziehen die Bilder des Träumens. Es liegt daran, dass die Gemütsbewegungen viel inniger mit dem eigentlichen Wesen des Menschen zusammenhängen als das Vorstellungsleben. Die Gemütsbewegungen tragen wir auch in den Schlaf hinein. Sie sind also ein Seelenglied, das auch während des Schlafes mit uns verbunden bleibt. Im Gegensatz zu gewöhnlichen Vorstellungen sind die Gemütsbewegungen etwas, was mit uns in den Schlaf hineingeht, was also viel enger, viel intensiver mit der menschlichen Individualität zusammenhängt als das gewöhnliche Denken, das nicht mit Gemütsbewegungen durchsetzt ist.
Wie ist es nun mit dem dritten Seelenglied, mit den Willensimpulsen? Da können wir auch eine Art Exempel ausführen. Es können dies allerdings nur diejenigen Menschen beobachten, welche in etwas feinerer Art den Moment des Einschlafens ins Auge fassen. Wenn der Mensch sich durch Schulung eine gewisse Fähigkeit angeeignet hat, diesen Moment zu beobachten, so ist diese Beobachtung äußerst interessant. Zunächst erscheinen uns unsere Vorstellungen wie in Nebel gehüllt, die äußere Welt verschwindet, und der Mensch hat ein Gefühl, als wenn sich sein Seelenwesen erweitert fühlt über seine Leiblichkeit hinaus, als wenn er nicht mehr eingepresst ist in die Grenzen der Haut, sondern einfließt in die Elemente des Kosmos. Ein großes Wohlgefühl kann mit dem Einschlafen verknüpft sein. Dann kommt ein Moment, wo eine bestimmte Erinnerung auftritt. Diese
haben wahrscheinlich die wenigsten Menschen, wir können diesen Moment aber wahrnehmen, wenn wir genau achtgeben. Es treten uns vor Augen die guten und auch die schlimmen Willensimpulse, die wir gehabt haben, und das Merk würdige ist, dass der Mensch gegenüber den guten Willensimpulsen fühlt: Das ist etwas, was mit allen gesunden Willenskräften zusammenhängt, was dich frisch macht. Und wenn der Mensch so die guten Willensimpulse vor die Seele gestellt bekommt vor dem Einschlafen, so fühlt er sich um so frischer und lebenskräftiger, und damit tritt oft das Gefühl auf: Ach, könnte dieser Moment doch immer bleiben! Könnte dieser Moment ewig dauern! Dann fühlt man noch, wie das Leibliche vom Seelischen verlassen wird, dann gibt es einen Ruck, und man geht in den Schlaf.
Man braucht kein Hellseher sein, um das zu erleben, sondern man braucht nur das Seelenleben zu beobachten. Hieraus folgt etwas ganz Wichtiges. Unsere Willensimpulse wirken vor dem Einschlafen, und wir fühlen sie als etwas, was uns befruchtet. Eine außerordentliche Stärkung fühlen wir. Gegenüber den bloßen Gemütsbewegungen mussten wir sagen, dass dieselben enger als unser gewöhnliches Denken, unser gewöhnliches Vorstellen mit unserer Individualität zusammenhängen. So müssen wir jetzt von dem, was unsere Willensimpulse sind, sagen, das ist nicht bloß etwas, was bei uns bleibt während des Schlafes, sondern etwas, was zu einer Stärkung, einer Kräftigung unseres Lebens in uns wird. Noch viel inniger hängt das Leben unserer Willensimpulse mit unserem Leben zusammen als die Gemütsbewegungen, und wer öfter den Moment des Einschlafens beobachtet, der fühlt darin, dass, wenn er auf keine guten Willensimpulse am Tage zurückblicken kann, dies so wirkt, als wenn etwas in ihm ertötet würde von dem, was in den Schlafzustand hineingeht. Die Willensimpulse hängen also mit Gesundheit und Krankheit, mit unserer Lebenskraft zusammen.
Gedanken kann man nicht sehen. Man sieht den Rosenstrauß zunächst mit den gewöhnlichen Mitteln des physischen Wahrnehmens. Wenn aber der Mensch sich umdreht oder fortgeht, so bleibt das Bild des Gegenstandes in ihm. Er sieht den Gegenstand nicht, aber er kann ihn sich vorstellen. Es ist also unser Gedankenleben etwas Übersinnliches. Unsere Gemütsbewegungen sind erst recht etwas Übersinnliches, und unsere Willensimpulse setzen sich zwar um in Taten, sind aber trotzdem etwas Übersinnliches. Aber wir wissen auch zugleich, wenn wir alles in Betracht ziehen, was wir jetzt gesagt haben, dass unser Gedankenleben, das nicht mit unseren Willensimpulsen durchsetzt ist, am wenigsten eng mit uns zusammenhängt. Nun könnte man meinen, das eben Gesagte widerlege sich ja dadurch, dass doch am nächsten Tage unsere Vorstellungen vom Tage zuvor uns wieder vor die Seele treten, dass wir uns an sie erinnern können. Ja, wir müssen uns eben erinnern. Wir müssen uns in übersinnlicher Weise unsere Vorstellungen ins Gedächtnis zurückrufen.
Mit unseren Gemütsbewegungen ist das schon anders, die hängen eben enger mit uns zusammen. Wenn wir mit einem reuevollen Gemüt zur Ruhe gegangen sind, so werden wir schon spüren am andern Morgen, wenn wir aufwachen, dass wir mit einem dumpfen Kopf oder Ähnlichem aufwachen. Erlebten wir Reue, so verspüren wir sie am nächsten Tage an unserem Leibe als Schwäche, Schwere, Benommenheit; Freude als Stärke und Gehobenheit. Da brauchen wir uns nicht erst an die Freude, die Reue zu erinnern, uns auf sie zu besinnen, wir fühlen sie am Leibe. Wir brauchen uns nicht zu erinnern an das, was gewesen ist: Es ist da, es ist mit uns in den Schlaf gegangen und hat mit uns gelebt. Unsere Gemütsbewegungen sind dichter, enger mit unserem Ewigen verbunden als unsere Gedanken.
Wer aber seine Willensimpulse zu beobachten vermag, der fühlt es, dass sie einfach wieder da sind. Sie sind immer da. Es kann vorkommen, dass wir im Moment des Aufwachens bemerken, dass wir in diesem Moment in gewisser Beziehung unmittelbar wieder das erleben, was wir am vorigen Tag als Lebensfreude empfanden durch unsere guten moralischen Impulse. In Wahrheit macht uns nichts so frisch als dasjenige, was wir am vorhergehenden Tage an guten Willensimpulsen unsere Seele haben durchziehen lassen. Daher können wir sagen, dass am innigsten mit unserem Dasein dasjenige zusammenhängt, was wir unsere Willensimpulse nennen.
Es sind also die drei Seelenglieder voneinander verschieden, und wir werden verstehen, wenn wir diese Verschiedenheiten ins Auge fassen, dass aus der okkulten Wissenschaft heraus mit einem gewissen Recht davon gesprochen werden kann, dass wir durch unsere Gedanken, die ja übersinnlicher Natur sind, zu der übersinnlichen Welt in Beziehung stehen, durch unsere Gemütsbewegungen mit einer anderen und durch unsere Willensimpulse mit einer noch anderen übersinnlichen Welt, die noch inniger mit unserem eigentlichen Wesen zusammenhängt. Und deshalb sagen wir: Wenn wir äußerlich sinnlich wahrnehmen, so können wir dadurch wahrnehmen alles, was in der physischen Welt ist. Wenn wir vorstellen, stehen unsere Vorstellungen, unser Gedankenleben mit der astralischen Welt in Beziehung, unsere Gemütsbewegungen bringen uns in Verbindung mit dem, was wir die himmlische Welt, das untere Devachan nennen, und die Welt der moralischen Impulse bringt uns in Verbindung mit dem oberen Devachan oder der Welt der Vernunft. So steht der Mensch mit drei Welten in Verbindung durch Gedanken, Gemüt und Willensimpulse. Und insofern der Mensch der astralischen Welt angehört, kann er seine Gedanken hineintragen in die astralische Welt, er kann in die devachanische Welt hineintragen seine Gemütsbewegungen, in die höhere himmlische Welt kann er hineintragen alles, was er an Willensimpulsen in seiner Seele hat.
Wenn wir die Dinge so betrachten, werden wir sehen, wie recht die okkulte Wissenschaft hat, von den drei Welten zu reden. Und wenn wir das in Betracht ziehen, werden wir noch in ganz anderer Weise auf die Welt des Moralischen blicken, denn durch die Welt der guten Willensimpulse stehen wir mit der höchsten der drei Welten in Beziehung, in die zunächst die menschliche Wesenheit hinaufreicht.
Unser gewöhnliches Gedankenleben reicht nur bis in die astralische Welt. Wir mögen noch so geistreiche Gedanken haben: Gedanken, die nicht von Gemütsbewegungen getragen werden, gehen nicht weiter als in die astrale Welt hinein, haben für andere Welten keine Bedeutung. Damit allerdings werden Sie verstehen, was über die äußere Wissenschaft gesagt ist, über die trockene, nüchterne, äußere Wissenschaft: Kein Mensch kann mit Gedanken, die mit Gemütsbewegungen nicht durchzogen sind, etwas aussagen über andere Welten als die astralische. Unter gewöhnlichen Verhältnissen verläuft das Denken des wissenschaftlichen Forschers, des Chemikers, des Mathematikers ohne jede Gemütsbewegung; das geht nicht weiter als bis unter die Oberfläche. Ja, es wird von einer wissenschaftlichen Forschung geradezu gefordert, dass sie in dieser Weise vorschreitet, und deshalb dringt sie nur in die Astralwelt.
Erst wenn sich Entzücken oder Abstoßung mit den Gedanken des Forschens verbinden, dann kommt zu den Gedanken hinzu das, was nötig ist, um in die Devachanwelt zu kommen. Erst wenn in die Gedanken, in die Vorstellungen die Gemütsbewegungen hineinkommen, wenn wir das eine als gut, das andere als böse empfinden, verbinden wir mit den Gedanken dasjenige, was sie hineinträgt in die himmlische Welt. Dann erst können wir hineinblicken in tiefere Gründe des Daseins. Wenn wir etwas begreifen wollen von der devachanischen Welt, helfen uns alle Theorien nichts. Da hilft uns nur, wenn wir mit den Gedanken Gemütsbewegungen verbinden können. Das Denken bringt uns nur in Verbindung mit der astralischen Welt. Wenn der Geometer zum Beispiel die Verhältnisse des Dreiecks erfasst, so hilft ihm das nur ins Astralische. Aber wenn er das Dreieck als Symbol erfasst und herausholt, was darinnen liegt über den Anteil des Menschen an den drei Welten, über seine Dreigliedrigkeit und so weiter, so hilft ihm das höher hinauf. Wer in den Sinnbildern den Ausdruck fühlt für die Seelenkraft, wer es sich ins Gemüt einschreibt, wer fühlt bei alledem, was man sonst bloß weiß, der setzt seine Gedanken mit dem Devachan in Verbindung. Deshalb muss man beim Meditieren das, was uns gegeben wird, hindurchfühlen, denn nur dadurch bringen wir uns in Beziehung mit der devachanischen Welt. Die gewöhnliche gemütlose Wissenschaft kann also, wenn sie selbst noch so scharfsinnig ist, den Menschen immer nur mit der Astralwelt in Verbindung setzen.
Kunst, Musik, Malerei und so weiter dagegen führen ihn in die untere Devachanwelt. Man könnte dagegen einwenden: Wenn das so ist, dass die Gemütsbewegungen in das untere Devachan führen, dann würden die Triebe, Begierden, Instinkte das auch vollbringen. Ja freilich tun sie das. Es ist dies aber nur ein Beweis dafür, dass wir mit unseren Gefühlen inniger verbunden sind als mit unseren Gedanken. Unsere Sympathien können auch mit unserer niederen Natur zusammenhängen, durch Triebe und Instinkte wird auch ein Gemütsleben bewirkt, und das führt ins untere Devachan. Während wir das, was wir an falschen Gedanken haben, abmachen im Kamaloka, geht das, was wir entwickelt haben bis zu Gemütsbewegungen, hinein mit uns bis in die Devachanwelt und prägt sich uns ein bis zur nächsten Inkarnation, sodass es in unserem Karma zum Ausdruck kommt. Durch unser Gemütsleben, sofern es diese zwei Seiten haben kann, erheben wir uns in die Devachanwelt oder wir beleidigen sie.
Durch unsere Willensimpulse dagegen, die unmoralisch sind oder moralisch, sind wir entweder in gutem Zusammenhang mit der höheren Welt oder wir verletzen sie und müssen das im Karma abmachen. Wenn ein Mensch so schlecht und verkommen ist, dass er durch seine schlimmen Impulse eine solche Verbindung herstellt mit der oberen Welt, dass diese vollständig verletzt ist, so wird er ausgestoßen. Aber der Impuls muss dennoch von der oberen Welt ausgehen. Die ganze Bedeutung des moralischen Lebens geht uns auf in seiner Größe, wenn wir die Sache so betrachten.
Aus den Welten, mit welchen der Mensch so eng in Zusammenhang steht durch seine dreifache Seelennatur und auch durch seine physische Natur, aus diesen Welten gehen diejenigen Kräfte aus, welche den Menschen führen können durch die Welt. Das heißt, wenn wir einen Gegenstand der physischen Welt betrachten, so kann dies nur dadurch geschehen, dass wir eben Augen haben, um ihn zu sehen: Dadurch steht der Mensch mit der physischen Welt in Verbindung; dadurch, dass er sein Gedankenleben entwickelt, mit der astralischen, dadurch, dass er sein Gemüt entwickelt, mit der devachanischen und durch seine Moral mit der oberen Devachanwelt.
vier Welten: Anteil des Menschen:
oberes Devachan Wille: moralische Impulse
unteres Devachan Gemüt: ästhetische Ideale
Astralwelt Gedanke: ätherische Natur
physische Welt Leiblichkeit: physisch-materielle Natur
Vier Beziehungen hat der Mensch zu vier Welten. Das heißt aber nichts anderes, als dass er mit den Wesenheiten dieser Welten Beziehungen hat. Von diesem Gesichtspunkte aus ist es interessant, die Entwicklung der Menschheit zu betrachten, hineinzuschauen in die Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und die nächste Zukunft.
Von den Welten, die wir angeführt haben, gehen Kräfte aus, die in unser Leben eindringen. Da haben wir zunächst einmal zu verzeichnen, dass in dem Zeitalter, das hinter uns liegt, die Menschen vorzugsweise darauf angewiesen waren, dazu veranlagt waren, von der physischen Welt beeinflusst zu sein, Impulse aus der physischen Welt zu erhalten. Dies liegt hinter uns als das griechisch-lateinische Zeitalter. In diesem Zeitalter hat Christus im physischen Leibe auf der Erde gewirkt. Weil der Mensch hier vorzugsweise dazu veranlagt war, dass die in der physischen Welt liegenden Kräfte auf ihn einwirkten, musste Christus auf dem physischen Plane erscheinen.
Jetzt leben wir in einem Zeitalter, in dem vorzugsweise das Denken entwickelt wird, in dem der Mensch seine Impulse aus der Gedankenwelt, aus der Astralwelt erhält. Das zeigt schon die äußere Geschichte. Von Philosophen der vorgriechischen Zeit kann man ja kaum reden, höchstens von einer Vorbereitung des Denkens in vorgriechischer Zeit, daher beginnt die Geschichte der Philosophie mit Thales. Erst nach dem griechisch-lateinischen Zeitalter tritt das wissenschaftliche Denken auf. Das intellektualistische Denken kommt erst um das sechzehnte Jahrhundert herauf. Daher der große Fortschritt der Naturwissenschaften, dass jede Gemütsbewegung von der denkerischen Arbeit ausgeschlossen wird. Und die Wissenschaft ist in unserem Zeitalter so besonders beliebt, weil das Denken in ihr nicht mit Gemütsbewegungen durchzogen ist. Unsere Wissenschaft ist gemütlos und sucht ihr Heil darin, nichts zu empfinden. Wehe dem, der bei einem Laboratorium-Experiment etwas empfinden wollte! Das ist das Charakteristische unseres Zeitalters, das den Menschen am meisten mit dem Astralplan in Verbindung bringt.
Das nächste Zeitalter, das dem unseren folgen wird, wird schon spiritueller sein. Hier werden auch bei der Wissenschaft die Empfindungen mitsprechen. Will dann jemand ein Examen machen und zur Wissenschaft zugelassen werden, so ist es nötig, dass er empfinden kann das Licht, das hinter allen Dingen steht, die Geisteswelt, die alles zustande kommen lässt. Da wird der Prüfungswert der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit darin bestehen, dass man nachsieht, ob der Mensch bei der Prüfung genügende Gemütsbewegung entwickeln kann, sonst rasselt er im Examen durch. Man kann noch so viel wissen, wenn man nicht die richtigen Empfindungen haben wird, kann man ein Examen nicht machen. Das klingt zwar sehr merkwürdig, aber dennoch wird es so sein, dass der Laboratoriumstisch zum Altar erhoben wird, an welchem die Prüfung eines Menschen darin besteht, dass bei der Zerlegung des Wassers in Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff Gefühle entwickelt werden, die dem entsprechen, was die Götter empfinden, wenn das geschieht. Da wird der Mensch durch einen innigen Zusammenhang mit dem niederen Devachan seine Impulse erhalten.
Und dann kommt das Zeitalter, das zunächst das letzte vor der nächsten großen Erdkatastrophe sein wird, das ist das, wo der Mensch durch seine Willensimpulse mit der höheren Welt in Zusammenhang steht, wo auf der Erde das gelten wird, was moralisch ist. Da wird weder das äußere Können noch das Intellektuelle, noch das Gemüt an erster Stelle stehen, sondern die Willensimpulse. Nicht die Geschicklichkeit, sondern die moralische Qualität des Menschen wird maßgebend sein. Dadurch wird die Menschheit, wenn sie an diesem Zeitpunkt angelangt sein wird, das moralische Zeitalter erreicht haben, in dem sie in besonderer Beziehung steht mit der höheren Devachanwelt.
Es ist so, dass im Verlaufe der Entwicklung im Menschen immer mehr Kräfte der Liebe erwachen, aus denen er seine Erkenntnisse, Antriebe und Betätigungen schöpfen kann.
Während die Menschen früher, da der Christus im physischen Leibe herniederkam zur Erde, ihn nicht hätten wahrnehmen können anders als im physischen Leibe, erwachen in unserem Zeitalter tatsächlich die Kräfte, die schauen werden den Christus nicht in seinem physischen Leibe, wohl aber in einer Gestalt, die als eine ätherische auf dem Astralplan existieren wird. So wird schon in unserem Jahrhundert von den dreißiger Jahren ab und immer mehr bis zur Mitte des Jahrhunderts eine große Anzahl Menschen den Christus als ätherische Gestalt wahrnehmen. Das wird der große Fortschritt sein gegenüber dem früheren Zeitalter, wo die Menschen noch nicht reif waren, ihn so zu schauen. Das ist auch gemeint damit, dass gesagt wird: Christus wird erscheinen in den Wolken, denn damit ist gemeint, dass er als ätherische Gestalt auf dem Astralplan erscheinen wird. Es muss aber betont werden, dass er nur im Ätherleibe in dieser Epoche geschaut werden kann. Derjenige, der glauben könnte, dass Christus wiedererscheint in physischer Gestalt, vergisst den Fortschritt der menschlichen Kräfte. Es ist ein Missgriff zu glauben, dass ein Ereignis wie die Erscheinung Christi sich in derselben Weise wiederholen könne, wie es schon einmal geschah.
Das nächste Ereignis ist also das, dass die Menschen den Christus auf dem Astralplan in ätherischer Gestalt schauen, und die, die dann auf dem physischen Plan leben und angenommen haben die Lehren der Theosophie, werden ihn wahrnehmen, diejenigen aber, die dann nicht mehr leben, die sich jedoch vorbereitet haben durch theosophische Arbeit, die werden ihn dann noch schauen im Äthergewande zwischen ihrem Tod und einer neuen Geburt. Es wird aber auch Menschen geben, die es nicht mehr fertigbekommen, ihn im Ätherleibe zu schauen. Diejenigen, die die Theosophie verschmäht haben, werden ihn nicht wahrnehmen können, sondern warten müssen bis zur nächsten Verkörperung, während welcher sie sich dann der Geist-Erkenntnis widmen und sich vorbereiten können, damit sie dasjenige, was da auftritt, verstehen können. Es wird dann nicht abhängen davon, ob man gerade Theosophie studiert hat oder nicht, wenn man auf dem physischen Plan lebt; nur wird ihnen dann die Christus-Erscheinung ein Vorwurf, eine Qual sein, während diejenigen, welche Geist-Erkenntnis anstrebten in der vorhergehenden Inkarnation, wissen, was sie sehen.
Dann wird ein Zeitalter kommen, wo im Menschen noch höhere Kräfte erwachen. Das wird das Zeitalter sein, wo sich Christus in noch höherer Weise offenbart: in einer astralen Gestalt in der niederen Devachanwelt. Und das letzte Zeitalter der moralischen Impulse wird dasjenige sein, wo die Menschen, die durch die anderen Stufen hindurchgegangen sind, den Christus sehen in seiner Glorie, als Gestalt des größten Ich, als das vergeistigte Ich-Selbst, als großen Lehrer der menschlichen Entwicklung im oberen Devachan.
Die Folge ist demnach die: Im griechisch-lateinischen Zeitalter erscheint Christus auf dem physischen Plan, in unserem Zeitalter als ätherische Gestalt auf dem Astralplan, in dem nächsten Zeitalter als Astralgestalt auf der Ebene des niederen Devachan und im Zeitalter der Moralität als Inbegriff des großen Ich.
Jetzt können wir uns fragen: Wozu ist eigentlich Theosophie da? Damit eine genügend große Anzahl Menschen da sein können, die vorbereitet sind, wenn diese Ereignisse eintreten. Und jetzt schon arbeitet die Theosophie darauf hin, dass die Menschen in rechter Weise in Verbindung treten mit den höheren Welten, dass die Menschen in richtiger Weise einziehen in das Ätherisch-Astralische, in das Ästhetisch-Devachanische, in das Moralisch-Devachanische. In unserem Zeitalter ist sie diejenige Bewegung, die speziell hinsteuert darauf, dass der Mensch sich in seinen moralischen Impulsen in richtige Beziehung mit dem Christus setzen kann.
Die nächsten drei Jahrtausende werden dem gewidmet sein, dass die Christus-Erscheinung in der Ätherwelt wahrnehmbar sein wird. Nur denen, die ganz materialistisch fühlen, wird sie nicht zugänglich sein. Man kann materialistisch denken, wenn man nur die Materie gelten lässt und alles Geistige leugnet oder auch dadurch, dass man das Geistige ins Materielle hinunterzieht. Man ist auch materialistisch dadurch, dass man Geistiges nur im materiellen Kleide gelten lassen will. Es gibt auch Theosophen, die Materialisten sind. Das sind diejenigen, die da glauben, dass die Menschheit dazu verurteilt ist, Christus wiederum in der physischen Gestalt sehen zu müssen. Nicht dadurch ist man nicht Materialist, dass man Theosoph ist, sondern dadurch, dass man einsieht, dass die höheren Welten auch dann da sind, wenn man sie nicht in einer sinnlichen Manifestation wahrnehmen kann, sondern man sich zu ihnen hinaufentwickeln muss, um sie wahrzunehmen.
Wenn wir uns dies alles vor die Seele führen, so können wir sagen: Es ist Christus der eigentliche moralische Impuls, der die Menschheit mit moralischer Kraft durchzieht. Der Christus-Impuls ist Kraft und Leben, die moralische Kraft, die die Menschen durchzieht. Aber diese moralische Kraft muss verstanden werden. Gerade für unser Zeitalter ist es notwendig, dass Christus verkündigt wird. Daher hat auch die Theosophie die Aufgabe, den Christus in ätherischer Gestalt zu verkünden.
Bevor der Christus auf Erden erschien durch das Mysterium von Golgatha, wurde auch die Lehre vom Christus vorbereitet. Auch damals ist der physische Christus verkündet worden. Es war hauptsächlich Jeshu ben Pandira, hundert Jahre vor Christus, der Vorläufer und Verkünder war. Auch er hatte den Namen Jesus, und er wurde zum Unterschied von dem Christus Jesus der Jesus ben Pandira, Sohn des Pandira, genannt. Dieser lebte etwa ein Jahrhundert vor unserer Zeitrechnung. Um das zu wissen, braucht man kein Hellseher zu sein, denn das steht in rabbinischen Schriften, und diese Tatsache ist oft Anlass gewesen, ihn zu verwechseln mit dem Christus Jesus. Jeshu ben Pandira wurde zunächst gesteinigt und dann an die Pfähle des Kreuzes gehängt. Jesus von Nazareth wurde wirklich zunächst gekreuzigt.
Wer war dieser Jeshu ben Pandira? Er ist eine große Individualität, die seit Buddhas Zeiten - also sechshundert Jahre vor unserer Zeitrechnung - fast in jedem Jahrhundert einmal verkörpert war, um die Menschheit vorwärtszubringen. Um ihn zu verstehen, müssen wir zurückgehen bis zur Wesenheit des Buddha. Wir wissen ja, dass Buddha gelebt hat als Königssohn des Hauses der Säkja fünf und ein halbes Jahrhundert vor unserer Zeitrechnung. Diejenige Individualität, die damals der Buddha wurde, war nicht auch vorher schon ein Buddha. Buddha, jener Königssohn, der der Menschheit die Lehre vom Mitleid brachte, wurde damals nicht als Buddha geboren. Denn Buddha ist keine Individualität, Buddha ist eine Würde. Jener Buddha wurde geboren als Bodhisattva und wurde zum Buddha erhoben im neunundzwanzigsten Jahre seines Lebens, als er in Meditation versunken unter dem Bodhibaum saß und die Lehre vom Mitleid herunterholte aus den geistigen Höhen in die physische Welt. Ein Bodhisattva war er vorher, also auch in seinen vorhergehenden Inkarnationen, und dann wurde er ein Buddha. Nun ist es aber so, dass dadurch gleichsam die Stelle eines Bodhisattva, das ist die Stelle eines Lehrers der Menschheit in physischer Gestalt, für ein gewisses Zeitalter frei wurde und wieder besetzt werden musste. Als der Bodhisattva, der sich hier inkarnierte, im neunundzwanzigsten Jahre seines Lebens zum Buddha aufstieg, wurde die Würde des Bodhisattva sofort an eine andere Individualität übertragen. Wir haben also zu reden von dem Nachfolger des Bodhisattva, der hier zur Buddha-Würde aufgestiegen ist. Der Nachfolger des GautamaBuddha-Bodhisattvas wurde jene Individualität, welche damals, hundert Jahre vor Christus, als Jesus ben Pandira inkarniert war, als ein Verkünder des Christus im physischen Leibe.
Er ist nun der Bodhisattva der Menschheit, bis er einst nach dreitausend Jahren, von heute an gerechnet, seinerseits zum Buddha aufrücken wird. Er wird also gerade fünftausend Jahre brauchen, um aus einem Bodhisattva ein Buddha zu werden. Er, der nahezu alle hundert Jahre einmal verkörpert gewesen ist seitdem, er ist auch jetzt schon verkörpert und wird der eigentliche Verkünder des Christus im ätherischen Gewande sein, gleichwie er damals den Christus als physischen Christus vorausverkündete. Und viele von uns werden es noch selbst erleben, dass es in den Dreißigerjahren Menschen geben wird - und später im Laufe dieses Jahrhunderts immer mehr und mehr -, die den Christus in ätherischem Gewande schauen werden. Um dies vorzubereiten, ist Theosophie da, und jeder, der mitarbeitet an dem theosophischen Werke, hilft mit an diesem Vorbereiten.
Die Art, wie die Menschheit von den Führern, besonders aber von einem Bodhisattva, der der Maitreya-Buddha werden wird, unterrichtet wird, ändert sich in den Zeitperioden gewaltig. So wie man heute Theosophie lehrt, konnte in der griechisch-lateinischen Zeit nicht gelehrt werden, das hätte damals niemand verstanden. Damals musste das Christus-Wesen physisch-sichtbar das Ziel der Entwicklung vorleben, und nur so konnte es damals wirken.
Die Theosophie verbreitet diese Lehre immer mehr und mehr unter den Menschen, und immer mehr und mehr werden die Menschen den Christus-Impuls verstehen lernen, bis eingezogen ist in sie der Christus selbst. Heute wird durch das Wort des Kehlkopfes es möglich, in Begriffen und Vorstellungen, durch das Denken, das Ziel verständlich zu machen und einzuwirken auf die Seelen im guten Sinne, um sie zu ästhetischen und moralischen Idealen zu erwärmen und zu begeistern. Die heutige Wortsprache wird aber in folgenden Zeitabschnitten abgelöst werden von mächtigeren Impulsen der Anregung, als es heute möglich ist durch die Sprache allein. Dann wird die Sprache, das Wort es bewirken, dass in ihm, dem Wort selbst, Kräfte liegen, welche Gemütsbewegungen übertragen von Seele zu Seele, vom Meister zum Schüler, vom Bodhisattva auf alle, die sich nicht abwenden von ihm. Die Sprache wird dann ein Träger ästhetischer Gemütsbewegungen sein können. Aber dazu gehört der Anbruch einer neuen Zeit. In unserer Zeit wäre es selbst dem Bodhisattva nicht möglich, solche Wirkungen durch den Kehlkopf auszuüben, wie es dann möglich sein wird.
Und im letzten Zeitraum, vor dem großen Krieg aller gegen alle, da wird es dann so sein, dass so, wie heute die Sprache ein Träger ist der Gedanken und Vorstellungen und später sein wird ein Träger des Gemütes, so wird im letzten Zeitraum die Sprache von Seele zu Seele die Moral, die moralischen Willensimpulse tragen und übertragen. Heute kann das Wort noch nicht moralisch wirken. Solche Worte kann unser Kehlkopf, wie er heute ist, noch gar nicht hervorbringen. Eine solche Theosophie wird es aber einmal geben. Es werden Worte gesprochen werden, mit denen der Mensch moralische Kraft empfängt.
Dreitausend Jahre von heute an gerechnet wird der oben erwähnte Bodhisattva zum Buddha, und dann wird seine Lehre unmittelbar Impulse ausgießen in die Menschheit. Er wird derjenige sein, den die Alten vorausgesehen haben: der Buddha-Maitreya, ein Bringer des Guten. Derselbe hat die Aufgabe, vorzubereiten die Menschen, dass sie verstehen den eigentlichen Christus-Impuls. Er hat die Aufgabe, immer mehr die Augen der Menschen zu richten auf das, was man lieben kann, immer mehr das, was man als Theorie verbreiten kann, einlaufen zu lassen in ein moralisches Fahrwasser, sodass zuletzt alles, was der Mensch besitzen kann an Gedanken, in das Moralische sich ergießt. Und während es heute noch durchaus möglich ist, dass einer sehr gescheit ist, aber unmoralisch, gehen wir einem Zeitalter entgegen, in dem es unmöglich sein wird, dass der Mensch gleichzeitig klug und unmoralisch sein kann. Es wird unmöglich sein, dass Klugheit und Unmoralität Hand in Hand gehen.
Es ist dies so zu verstehen: Diejenigen, die sich abseits gehalten und der Entwicklung widersetzt haben, werden die Kämpfer sein, die da alle gegeneinander kämpfen. Selbst diejenigen, die heute die höchste Intelligenz entwickeln, werden, wenn sie in den folgenden Epochen sich nicht weiterentwickeln in Gemüt und Moral, von ihrer Klugheit keinen Nutzen haben. Die höchste Intelligenz wird ja in unserem Zeitalter entwickelt. Es ist darin auch ein Höhepunkt. Wer aber jetzt Intelligenz entwickelt haben wird und sich die folgenden Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten entgehen lässt, der wird durch seine Intelligenz sich selber vernichten. Sie wird dann wirken wie ein innerliches Feuer, das ihn verbrennt, verzehrt, klein und so schwach macht, dass er dumm wird und nichts anfangen kann, ein Feuer, das ihn vernichten wird in der Epoche, wo die moralischen Impulse ihren Höhepunkt erreicht haben werden. Während heute ein Mensch mit seiner unmoralischen Klugheit noch sehr gefährlich werden kann, wird er dann unschädlich sein. Dafür wird aber die Seele immer mehr und mehr moralische Kräfte haben, und zwar moralische Kraft, wie sie sich der Mensch heute noch gar nicht vorstellen kann. Die höchste Kraft und Moralität gehört dazu, um den Christus-Impuls aufzunehmen, sodass er Kraft und Leben wird in uns.
Wir sehen also, dass die Theosophie die Aufgabe hat, Keime für die zukünftige Entwicklung der Menschheit schon jetzt in diese hineinzulegen. Allerdings muss auch in der Theosophie das berücksichtigt werden, was in der ganzen Weltbildung berücksichtigt werden muss: dass Irrtümer vorkommen können. Aber auch derjenige, der noch nicht in die höheren Welten eindringen kann, kann genau prüfen und sehen, ob da und dort das Richtige verkündet wird: Da müssen die Einzelheiten zusammenstimmen. Prüfen Sie das, was verkündet wird, alle die einzelnen Daten, die zusammengetragen werden von der Entwicklung des Menschen, die einzelnen Phasen des Erscheinens des Christus und so weiter, und Sie werden sehen, dass sich die Dinge untereinander tragen. Das ist der Beweis der Wahrheit, den auch derjenige Mensch haben kann, der noch nicht in die höheren Welten hineinsieht. Man kann ganz ruhig sein: Für denjenigen, der prüfen will, wird die Lehre von dem im Geist wiederkehrenden Christus die einzig richtige sein.
Jeshu Ben Pandira The Preparer for an Understanding of the Christ Impulse. Karma as the Purpose of Life
My dear Theosophical friends!
When we consider in Theosophy that there are other, supersensible worlds besides our physical world, and say that human beings are connected not only with this physical world but also with supersensible worlds, the question may arise: What can we find in the human soul before we acquire any clairvoyant abilities, what is supersensible, what gives us an indication that human beings are connected with supersensible worlds? In other words, can ordinary human beings who have no clairvoyant abilities also perceive something in their souls, experience something that is connected with the higher worlds? Essentially, both our present and future considerations will be devoted to answering this question.
When we consider the human soul life, it is clearly divided into three parts, which are in a certain relationship to each other, but are nevertheless closely connected.
The first thing we encounter when we consider ourselves as souls is our life of imagination, which also includes, in a certain sense, our thinking and our memory. Memory and thoughts are not physical; they belong to the invisible, supersensible worlds. In their life of thought, human beings have an indication of the higher worlds. Everyone can form an idea of what this life of imagination is in the following way: we bring someone an object to look at. Then they turn away. They have not immediately forgotten the object, but retain an image of it within themselves, which lives on in them. In this way, we have ideas about the world around us, and when we speak of the life of imagination, we can speak of it as a part of our soul life.
We can perceive a second part of our soul life when we ask ourselves: Do we not have something else in our soul toward things and beings other than just our ideas? Yes, we have something else. It is what we call feelings of love and hate, what we describe in our thinking as sympathy and antipathy. We find one thing beautiful, another ugly; we love one thing, perhaps hate another; we find one thing good, another evil. If we want to summarize what is happening here in our soul, we can speak of emotions. The emotional life is something quite different from the life of the imagination. In emotional life, we have a much more intimate connection to the invisible than in the life of the imagination. The life of emotions is a second link in our soul organism. So we already have two links in the soul: our life of imagination and the life of emotions.
We become aware of a third when we say to ourselves that we do not find something merely beautiful or ugly, good or evil, but that we feel compelled to do this or that: we have the impulse to act. When we undertake anything, perform a major deed, or even just pick up an object, there must always be an impulse in our soul that causes us to do so. These impulses gradually transform into habits, and we do not always need to apply our impulses in everything we do. For example, when we go out and decide to go to the train station, we do not decide to take the first, second, and third steps; we simply walk to the train station. Underlying all of this is the third link in our soul life, our impulses of will as something that completely transcends the visible.
If we now connect the initial question: Does the ordinary human being have any indication of the existence of higher worlds? — with these three impulses peculiar to human beings, we must consider the dream life in relation to the three soul elements of the thought impulse, the emotion, and the will impulse. We can clearly distinguish these three elements of our soul life: our life of imagination, the life of our emotions, and our impulses of will. When we think about our soul life, we can distinguish between these individual elements of our soul life in our outer existence.
Let us first take the life of imagination. This life of imagination continues throughout the day, unless we are thoughtless. We have ideas all day long, and when we become tired in the evening, these ideas first become clouded. It is as if they turn into a kind of fog. They become weaker and weaker, and finally disappear completely, and we can then fall asleep. This life of imagination, as we have it on the physical plane, thus lasts from waking up to falling asleep, and as such disappears at the moment of falling asleep. A person cannot imagine that when they are truly asleep—not clairvoyantly asleep—they can continue their thought life in the same way as when they are awake. The thought life or imaginative life that fills us from the moment we wake up until we fall asleep must cease, and only then can we fall asleep.
However, a person must tell themselves: the ideas they have, which have occupied them to such an extent during the day and which they always have when they are not just dozing, are not an obstacle to falling asleep. This is best seen when one indulges in particularly vivid ideas before falling asleep, for example by reading a difficult book. If we have thought intensively, we fall asleep best, and if we cannot fall asleep, it is good to take a book or occupy ourselves with something that requires concentrated thought, such as studying a mathematics book; this will help us fall asleep. On the other hand, we should not do anything that interests us deeply, such as reading a novel that contains many things that are of interest to us. This is where our emotions come into play, and the life of our emotions is something that prevents us from falling asleep.
If we go to bed with a lively mind, if we know that we have something weighing on our soul, or if we have a particular joy in our mind that has not yet been fulfilled, we will very often toss and turn in our bed and be unable to fall asleep. So while ideas that are not accompanied by emotions tire us, allowing us to fall asleep easily, it is precisely those things that stir our emotions quite strongly that prevent us from falling asleep. It is not possible to bring about the separation that is necessary if we want to enter the state of sleep. From this we can already see that the life of our emotions behaves differently toward our entire existence than the life of our ideas. If we want to make a clear distinction, we must take something else into account, namely our dreams. At first, one might believe that when the colorful life of dreams affects us, these are ideas that continue their existence in sleep. But if we examine this very closely, we will notice that our life of ideas does not continue in our dreams. That which is capable of tiring our soul does not continue in dreams. This only happens when our ideas are linked to violent emotions. It is these emotions that appear in the dream image. To recognize this, however, one must examine things closely. An example: Someone dreams that they are young again and experiencing this or that. Immediately afterwards, the dream changes and something happens that they did not actually experience. An event appears that is foreign to his memory because he did not experience it on the physical plane. But familiar people appear. How often does it happen that in a dream we find ourselves involved in activities with friends or acquaintances whom we have not seen for a long time? But if you examine it closely, you will have to admit that what appears in the dream is based on emotions in the background. Perhaps we are still attached to the friend from that time, not yet completely detached from him. There must still be some emotion connected with him. Nothing appears in dreams that is not connected with emotions. Accordingly, we must draw a certain conclusion here, namely that if the ideas conveyed to us by our waking consciousness do not appear in dreams, this is proof that they do not enter into sleep. If emotional movements prevent us from sleeping, this testifies that they do not let us go, that they must be there in order to appear in dream images. The emotions are cs that draw the images of dreams. This is because emotions are much more closely connected with the actual essence of human beings than the life of ideas. We also carry our emotions into sleep. They are therefore a part of the soul that remains connected with us even during sleep. In contrast to ordinary ideas, the emotions are something that go with us into sleep, something that is therefore much more closely and intensely connected with human individuality than ordinary thinking, which is not permeated by emotions.
What about the third part of the soul, the impulses of the will? Here we can also give a kind of example. However, only those people who are able to observe the moment of falling asleep in a somewhat more subtle way can observe this. If, through training, a person has acquired a certain ability to observe this moment, this observation is extremely interesting. At first, our ideas seem to be shrouded in fog, the outer world disappears, and the person has a feeling as if their soul is expanding beyond their physical body, as if they are no longer confined within the limits of their skin, but are flowing into the elements of the cosmos. A great feeling of well-being can be associated with falling asleep. Then there comes a moment when a certain memory arises. These are probably experienced by very few people, but we can perceive this moment if we pay close attention. The good and bad impulses of will that we have had come to mind, and it is noteworthy that human beings feel toward the good impulses of will: This is something that is connected with all healthy powers of will, something that refreshes you. And when a person is presented with these good impulses of will before falling asleep, they feel all the more refreshed and full of vitality, and this often gives rise to the feeling: Oh, if only this moment could last forever! If only this moment could last forever! Then you feel the physical leaving the soul, there is a jolt, and you fall asleep.
You don't need to be clairvoyant to experience this; you only need to observe your soul life. Something very important follows from this. Our impulses of will are effective before we fall asleep, and we feel them as something that enriches us. We feel an extraordinary strengthening. In contrast to mere emotions, we had to say that these are more closely connected with our individuality than our ordinary thinking and imagining. So now we must say of our will impulses that they are not merely something that remain with us during sleep, but something that becomes a strengthening, an invigoration of our life within us. The life of our impulses of will is even more intimately connected with our life than the emotions, and anyone who frequently observes the moment of falling asleep feels that if they cannot look back on any good impulses of will during the day, it is as if something in them were being killed by what is entering the state of sleep. The impulses of the will are therefore connected with health and illness, with our life force.
Thoughts cannot be seen. At first, we see a bouquet of roses with the usual means of physical perception. But when a person turns around or walks away, the image of the object remains within them. They do not see the object, but they can imagine it. Our thought life is therefore something supernatural. Our emotions are even more supernatural, and although our impulses of will are translated into actions, they are nevertheless something supernatural. But at the same time, when we consider everything we have said, we also know that our thought life, which is not permeated by our impulses of will, is least closely connected with us. Now one might think that what has just been said is contradicted by the fact that the next day our ideas from the day before come back to us, that we can remember them. Yes, we have to remember. We have to recall our ideas to our memory in a supernatural way.
It is different with our emotions, which are more closely connected with us. If we go to bed with a remorseful mind, we will already feel the next morning when we wake up that we wake up with a dull head or something similar. If we experienced remorse, we feel it the next day in our bodies as weakness, heaviness, drowsiness; joy as strength and elation. We don't need to remember the joy or remorse, to reflect on them; we feel them in our bodies. We don't need to remember what has been: it is there, it went to sleep with us and lived with us. Our emotions are more intense, more closely connected to our eternal nature than our thoughts.
But those who are able to observe their impulses of will feel that they are simply there again. They are always there. It may happen that, upon waking, we notice that, in a certain sense, we are immediately reliving what we experienced the previous day as joy of life through our good moral impulses. In truth, nothing refreshes us as much as the good impulses of will that we allowed to flow through our soul the previous day. We can therefore say that what we call our impulses of will are most intimately connected with our existence.
The three parts of the soul are therefore different from one another, and when we consider these differences, we will understand that occult science is justified in saying that through our thoughts, which are of a supersensible nature, we are connected to the supersensible world, through our emotions with another, and through our impulses of will with yet another supersensible world that is even more intimately connected with our actual being. And that is why we say: when we perceive with our outer senses, we can perceive everything that is in the physical world. When we imagine, our imaginations, our thought life, are connected to the astral world; our emotions connect us to what we call the heavenly world, the lower Devachan; and the world of moral impulses connects us to the upper Devachan, or the world of reason. Thus, human beings are connected to three worlds through thoughts, emotions, and impulses of the will. And insofar as human beings belong to the astral world, they can carry their thoughts into the astral world, they can carry their emotions into the Devachan world, and they can carry all the impulses of will in their souls into the higher heavenly world.
If we look at things in this way, we will see how right occult science is to speak of the three worlds. And if we take this into consideration, we will look at the moral world in a completely different way, for through the world of good impulses of the will we are connected with the highest of the three worlds, into which the human being initially reaches.
Our ordinary life of thought reaches only as far as the astral world. No matter how clever our thoughts may be, thoughts that are not carried by emotions do not go beyond the astral world and have no meaning for other worlds. This will help you understand what is said about external science, about dry, sober, external science: No human being can say anything about worlds other than the astral world with thoughts that are not permeated by emotions. Under ordinary circumstances, the thinking of the scientific researcher, the chemist, the mathematician proceeds without any emotional movement; it does not go beyond the surface. Indeed, scientific research demands that it proceed in this way, and therefore it penetrates only into the astral world.
Only when delight or repulsion are combined with the thoughts of research does that which is necessary to enter the devachanic world come to the thoughts. Only when emotions enter into the thoughts, into the ideas, when we perceive one thing as good and another as evil, do we connect with the thoughts that which carries them into the heavenly world. Only then can we look into the deeper reasons for existence. If we want to understand something of the devachanic world, all theories are of no help to us. The only thing that helps us is if we can connect our thoughts with emotions. Thinking only brings us into contact with the astral world. For example, when a geometer understands the proportions of a triangle, this only helps him in the astral world. But if he grasps the triangle as a symbol and extracts what lies within it about the human being's share in the three worlds, about his threefold nature, and so on, this helps him to rise higher. Those who feel the expression of the soul's power in the symbols, who inscribe it in their minds, who feel all that one otherwise merely knows, connect their thoughts with the devachan. That is why, when meditating, we must feel our way through what is given to us, for only in this way can we bring ourselves into relationship with the devachanic world. Ordinary, dispassionate science, however astute it may be, can therefore only ever connect human beings with the astral world.
Art, music, painting, and so on, on the other hand, lead him into the lower devachanic world. One might object: if it is true that the emotions lead to the lower devachan, then the drives, desires, and instincts would also accomplish this. Yes, of course they do. But this only proves that we are more closely connected with our feelings than with our thoughts. Our sympathies can also be connected with our lower nature; drives and instincts also bring about a life of the emotions, and this leads to the lower Devachan. While we work off our wrong thoughts in Kamaloka, what we have developed up to the level of emotions goes with us into the Devachan world and becomes imprinted on us until the next incarnation, so that it is expressed in our karma. Through our emotional life, insofar as it can have these two sides, we either rise into the Devachan world or we insult it.
Through our impulses of will, on the other hand, which are either immoral or moral, we are either in good connection with the higher world or we hurt it and have to work it off in karma. If a person is so bad and depraved that their evil impulses create such a connection with the higher world that it is completely violated, they are cast out. But the impulse must still come from the higher world. The whole meaning of moral life becomes clear to us in its greatness when we look at it this way.
From the worlds with which human beings are so closely connected through their threefold soul nature and also through their physical nature, from these worlds emanate the forces that can guide human beings through the world. This means that when we look at an object in the physical world, we can only do so because we have eyes to see it: this connects humans to the physical world; by developing their thought life, they connect to the astral world; by developing their mind, they connect to the devachanic world; and through their morality, they connect to the higher devachanic world.
Four worlds: the human being's share:
Upper Devachan Will: moral impulses
Lower Devachan Mind: aesthetic ideals
Astral world Thought: etheric nature
Physical world Physicality: physical-material nature
Human beings have four relationships with four worlds. This simply means that they have relationships with the beings of these worlds. From this point of view, it is interesting to look at the development of humanity, to look into the past, the present, and the near future.
The worlds we have mentioned emit forces that penetrate our lives. First of all, we must note that in the age that lies behind us, human beings were primarily dependent on and predisposed to being influenced by the physical world, to receiving impulses from the physical world. This lies behind us as the Greek-Latin age. In this age, Christ worked on earth in a physical body. Because human beings here were primarily predisposed to be influenced by the forces of the physical world, Christ had to appear on the physical plane.
Now we live in an age in which thinking is predominantly developed, in which human beings receive their impulses from the world of thoughts, from the astral world. This is already evident in external history. One can hardly speak of philosophers in the pre-Greek period, at most of a preparation for thinking in the pre-Greek period, which is why the history of philosophy begins with Thales. Scientific thinking only emerged after the Greek-Latin era. Intellectual thinking only arose around the sixteenth century. Hence the great progress of the natural sciences, in which every emotion is excluded from intellectual work. And science is so particularly popular in our age because thinking in it is not permeated by emotions. Our science is emotionless and seeks its salvation in feeling nothing. Woe betide anyone who wants to feel something during a laboratory experiment! This is the characteristic feature of our age, which connects human beings most closely with the astral plane.
The next age that will follow ours will already be more spiritual. Here, feelings will also have a say in science. If someone wants to take an exam and be admitted to science, it will be necessary for them to be able to feel the light that stands behind all things, the spiritual world that brings everything into being. The value of scientific work will then be measured by whether the person can develop sufficient emotion during the exam; otherwise, they will fail. No matter how much one knows, if one does not have the right feelings, one cannot pass an exam. This may sound very strange, but nevertheless it will be the case that the laboratory table will be elevated to an altar, where the test of a person consists in developing feelings during the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen that correspond to what the gods feel when this happens. There, human beings will receive their impulses through an intimate connection with the lower Devachan.
And then comes the age that will initially be the last before the next great catastrophe on Earth, when human beings will be connected to the higher world through their impulses of will, when morality will prevail on Earth. Neither external abilities nor intellectual faculties nor the mind will be of primary importance, but rather the impulses of the will. It will not be skill that is decisive, but the moral quality of human beings. In this way, when humanity reaches this point, it will have entered the moral age, in which it will have a special relationship with the higher Devachan world.
It is so that in the course of human development, more and more forces of love awaken, from which human beings can draw their insights, impulses, and activities.
Whereas in earlier times, when Christ descended to earth in the physical body, people could not perceive him except in the physical body, in our age the forces are indeed awakening that will see Christ not in his physical body, but in a form that will exist as an etheric body on the astral plane. Thus, already in our century, from the 1930s onwards and increasingly until the middle of the century, a large number of people will perceive Christ as an etheric form. This will be a great advance over earlier times, when people were not yet ready to see him in this way. This is also what is meant when it is said that Christ will appear in the clouds, for this means that he will appear as an etheric form on the astral plane. It must be emphasized, however, that he can only be seen in the etheric body during this epoch. Anyone who believes that Christ will reappear in physical form is forgetting the progress of human powers. It is a mistake to believe that an event such as the appearance of Christ can be repeated in the same way as it happened before.
The next event will therefore be that people will see Christ on the astral plane in etheric form, and those who are then living on the physical plane and have accepted the teachings of theosophy will perceive him, but those who are no longer living, but who have prepared themselves through theosophical work, will still see him in his etheric garment between their death and a new birth. However, there will also be people who will not be able to see him in his etheric body. Those who have rejected Theosophy will not be able to perceive him, but will have to wait until their next incarnation, during which they can devote themselves to spiritual knowledge and prepare themselves so that they can understand what is happening. It will then not depend on whether one has studied theosophy or not while living on the physical plane; only the appearance of Christ will be a reproach, a torment to them, while those who sought spiritual knowledge in their previous incarnation will know what they see.
Then an age will come when even higher powers will awaken in human beings. That will be the age when Christ will reveal himself in an even higher form: in an astral form in the lower Devachan world. And the last age of moral impulses will be the one in which people who have passed through the other stages will see Christ in his glory, as the form of the greatest I, as the spiritualized I-Self, as the great teacher of human development in the higher Devachan.
The consequence is therefore this: in the Greek-Latin age, Christ appears on the physical plane; in our age, as an etheric form on the astral plane; in the next age, as an astral form on the lower Devachan plane; and in the age of morality, as the embodiment of the great I.
Now we can ask ourselves: What is the purpose of Theosophy? It is so that a sufficiently large number of people may be prepared when these events occur. And already now, theosophy is working toward enabling people to connect with the higher worlds in the right way, enabling people to enter the etheric-astral, the aesthetic-devachanic, and the moral-devachanic in the right way. In our age, it is the movement that is specifically aimed at enabling human beings to place their moral impulses in the right relationship with Christ.
The next three millennia will be devoted to making the Christ appearance perceptible in the etheric world. Only those who feel completely materialistic will not be able to perceive it. One can think materialistically if one only accepts matter and denies everything spiritual, or by dragging the spiritual down into the material. One is also materialistic if one only wants to accept the spiritual in its material form. There are also theosophists who are materialists. These are the ones who believe that humanity is doomed to see Christ again in physical form. Being a theosophist does not mean that one is not a materialist, but rather that one understands that the higher worlds exist even if one cannot perceive them in a sensory manifestation, but that one must evolve upward in order to perceive them.
If we take all this to heart, we can say: It is Christ who is the real moral impulse that permeates humanity with moral power. The Christ impulse is power and life, the moral power that permeates human beings. But this moral power must be understood. It is necessary, especially in our age, that Christ be proclaimed. Therefore, theosophy also has the task of proclaiming Christ in his etheric form.
Before Christ appeared on earth through the mystery of Golgotha, the teaching about Christ was also prepared. Even then, the physical Christ was proclaimed. It was mainly Jeshu ben Pandira, a hundred years before Christ, who was the forerunner and proclaimer. He also had the name Jesus, and to distinguish him from the Christ Jesus, he was called Jesus ben Pandira, son of Pandira. He lived about a century before our era. One does not need to be clairvoyant to know this, for it is written in rabbinical writings, and this fact has often been the reason for confusing him with the Christ Jesus. Jeshu ben Pandira was first stoned and then hung on the stakes of the cross. Jesus of Nazareth was indeed crucified first.
Who was this Jeshu ben Pandira? He is a great individual who, since the time of Buddha – that is, six hundred years before our era – has been incarnated almost once in every century in order to advance humanity. To understand him, we must go back to the essence of Buddha. We know that Buddha lived as the prince of the Shakya clan five and a half centuries before our era. The individual who became Buddha at that time was not a Buddha before. Buddha, the prince who brought the teaching of compassion to humanity, was not born as Buddha at that time. For Buddha is not an individual, Buddha is a dignity. That Buddha was born as a bodhisattva and was elevated to Buddha in the twenty-ninth year of his life, when he sat in meditation under the Bodhi tree and brought down the teaching of compassion from the spiritual heights into the physical world. He was a bodhisattva before, that is, in his previous incarnations, and then he became a Buddha. Now, however, the position of a Bodhisattva, that is, the position of a teacher of humanity in physical form, became vacant for a certain period of time and had to be filled again. When the Bodhisattva who incarnated here ascended to Buddhahood in the twenty-ninth year of his life, the dignity of the Bodhisattva was immediately transferred to another individuality. We are therefore talking about the successor to the Bodhisattva who ascended to Buddhahood here. The successor to Gautama Buddha Bodhisattva became that individuality which, a hundred years before Christ, was incarnated as Jesus ben Pandira, a physical-body herald of Christ.
He is now the Bodhisattva of humanity until, in three thousand years from now, he will in turn ascend to Buddhahood. He will therefore need exactly five thousand years to become a Buddha from a Bodhisattva. He, who has been incarnated almost once every hundred years since then, is already incarnated now and will be the actual herald of Christ in the etheric garment, just as he foretold Christ as the physical Christ at that time. And many of us will experience for ourselves that in the 1930s there will be people—and later in the course of this century more and more—who will see Christ in his etheric garment. Theosophy is here to prepare for this, and everyone who cooperates in theosophical work is helping in this preparation.
The way in which humanity is taught by its leaders, especially by a Bodhisattva who will become the Maitreya Buddha, changes enormously over time. The way Theosophy is taught today could not have been taught in the Greek-Latin period; no one would have understood it then. At that time, the Christ being had to physically and visibly exemplify the goal of development, and only in this way could it have an effect at that time.
Theosophy is spreading this teaching more and more among people, and more and more people will learn to understand the Christ impulse until Christ Himself is drawn into them. Today, through the word of the larynx, it is possible to make the goal understandable in concepts and ideas, through thinking, and to influence souls in a positive sense, to warm them to aesthetic and moral ideals and to inspire them. However, the spoken language of today will be replaced in the coming periods by more powerful impulses of inspiration than are possible today through language alone. Then language, the word, will bring about that within it, the word itself, there will be forces that transmit emotions from soul to soul, from master to disciple, from the Bodhisattva to all who do not turn away from him. Language will then be able to be a carrier of aesthetic emotions. But this requires the dawn of a new era. In our time, even the Bodhisattva would not be able to exert such effects through the larynx as will then be possible.
And in the final period, before the great war of all against all, it will be so that just as language today is a vehicle for thoughts and ideas and will later be a vehicle for the mind, so in the final period language will carry and transmit morality, the moral impulses of the will, from soul to soul. Today, words cannot yet have a moral effect. Our larynx, as it is today, cannot yet produce such words. But such a theosophy will one day exist. Words will be spoken with which human beings will receive moral power.
Three thousand years from now, the Bodhisattva mentioned above will become the Buddha, and then his teachings will pour forth directly into humanity. He will be the one whom the ancients foresaw: the Buddha Maitreya, a bringer of good. He has the task of preparing people to understand the true Christ impulse. He has the task of increasingly directing people's eyes toward what can be loved, increasingly allowing what can be spread as theory to flow into moral waters, so that ultimately everything that human beings can possess in thought pours into morality. And while it is still quite possible today for someone to be very intelligent but immoral, we are moving toward an age in which it will be impossible for a person to be both intelligent and immoral. It will be impossible for intelligence and immorality to go hand in hand.
This is to be understood as follows: Those who have kept themselves apart and resisted development will be the fighters who fight each other. Even those who develop the highest intelligence today will, if they do not develop further in mind and morals in the following epochs, have no use for their intelligence. The highest intelligence is being developed in our age. It is also a high point. But those who have developed intelligence now and miss out on the opportunities for further development will destroy themselves through their intelligence. It will then act like an inner fire that burns them, consumes them, makes them small and so weak that they become stupid and incapable of doing anything, a fire that will destroy them in the epoch when moral impulses have reached their peak. While today a person with their immoral cleverness can still be very dangerous, they will then be harmless. In return, however, the soul will have more and more moral powers, moral powers that humans today cannot even imagine. The highest power and morality are necessary to take up the Christ impulse so that it becomes power and life within us.
We see, then, that theosophy has the task of planting the seeds for the future development of humanity in the present. However, theosophy must also take into account what must be taken into account in the entire world formation: that errors can occur. But even those who cannot yet penetrate into the higher worlds can examine carefully and see whether what is being proclaimed here and there is correct: the details must agree. Examine what is being proclaimed, all the individual data that has been gathered about human development, the individual phases of Christ's appearance, and so on, and you will see that everything fits together. This is the proof of truth that even those who cannot yet see into the higher worlds can have. You can be quite calm: for those who want to examine it, the teaching of the Christ returning in spirit will be the only correct one.