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Buddha and Christ:
The Sphere of the Bodhisattvas
GA 130

21 September 1911, Milan

Translated by D. S. Osmond

In this lecture I want to speak of certain facts which belong essentially to the ethical and moral domain and help us to understand the mission of Spiritual Science in our time.

We are all deeply convinced of the great truth of reincarnation, of repeated earthly lives, and we must realise that this repetition has its own good purpose in the Earth's evolution. To the question, ‘Why do we reincarnate?’—occult research gives the answer that our experiences differ in each of the epochs during which we are reborn on the Earth. In incarnations immediately following the Atlantean catastrophe the experiences of the human soul were entirely different from those undergone in later pre-Christian epochs and in our own age.

I need only briefly mention that in the times directly after the Atlantean catastrophe, souls were endowed with a certain elementary clairvoyance in the bodies they then inhabited. This clairvoyance, once a natural faculty in man, was gradually lost, mainly as a result of the conditions prevailing during the Græco-Roman epoch of culture. Since then, man has developed in such a way that great progress has been achieved on the physical plane and during the course of the present post-Atlantean epoch clairvoyance will gradually be reacquired.

We are living in the fifth post-Atlantean epoch of culture, the ancient Indian being the first, the ancient Persian the second, the Babylonian-Chaldean the third, the Græco-Roman the fourth; the sixth and seventh epochs will follow our own. And then another great catastrophe will befall the Earth and humanity, as was the case at the end of the Atlantean epoch.

Occult research is able to indicate the characteristic trend of human evolution in each of these post-Atlantean epochs of civilisation—including the fifth, sixth and seventh. The essential characteristic of our present fifth epoch is the development of intellect, of reason. The main characteristic of the sixth epoch will be that very definite feelings regarding what is moral and what is immoral will arise in the souls of men. Delicate feelings of sympathy will be aroused by compassionate, kindly deeds and feelings of antipathy by malicious actions. Nobody living at the present time can have the faintest conception of the intensity of these feelings.

The sixth epoch will be followed by the seventh, when the moral life will be still further deepened. Whereas in the sixth epoch man will take pleasure in good and noble actions, in the seventh epoch the natural outcome of such pleasure will be a moral impulse, that is to say there will be a firm resolve to do what is moral. There is a great difference between taking pleasure in a moral action and the doing of it. We can therefore say: our own epoch is the epoch of intellectualism; the essential characteristic of the following epoch will be aesthetic pleasure in the good, aesthetic displeasure in the evil; and the seventh will be characterised by an active moral life.

At the present time only the seeds of what will become part of mankind in future epochs are contained in the human soul and it can be said that all these aptitudes or predispositions in man—intellectual aptitudes, predispositions leading to feelings of sympathy or antipathy aroused by certain actions, to moral impulses—all these are related to the higher worlds. Every moral action has a definite connection with the higher worlds. Our intellectual aptitudes have a super-sensible connection with the astral plane. Our sympathies and antipathies for the good or the evil are connected with the sphere of Lower Devachan; and the domain of moral impulses in the soul is connected with Higher Devachan. Hence we can also say: In our present age it is mainly the forces of the astral world that penetrate into and take effect in the human soul; in the sixth epoch it will be the forces of Lower Devachan that penetrate more deeply into the soul; and in the seventh, the forces of Higher Devachan will work with special strength into humanity.

From this it is understandable that in the preceding fourth post-Atlantean epoch (the Græco-Roman) it was the forces of the physical plane that exercised the strongest influence upon the soul of man. That is why Greek culture was able to produce such wonderful sculptures, in which the human form was given such magnificent expression on the physical plane. Conditions in that epoch were therefore especially suitable for men to experience the Christ on the physical plane in a physical body. In our own, fifth epoch which will last until the fourth millennium, souls will gradually become able, from the twentieth century onwards, to experience the Christ Being in an etheric form on the astral plane, just as in the fourth epoch Christ was visible on the physical plane in a physical form.

In order to understand the nature of development in the sixth epoch of culture, it is well to consider what will be the characteristic qualities of the soul in future incarnations. To-day, in our intellectual age, intellectuality and morality are practically separate spheres in the life of soul. It is quite possible nowadays for a man to be very clever and at the same time immoral, or vice versa—to be deeply moral and anything but clever.

In the fourth epoch the future juxtaposition of morality and intellectuality was prophetically foreseen by a certain people, namely the Hebrews. They endeavoured to bring about on artificial harmony between morality and intellectuality, whereas among the Greeks such harmony was more a natural matter of course. To-day we can learn from the Akashic Chronicle how the leaders of the ancient Hebrew people strove to establish this harmony between intellectuality and morality. They wore symbols, of which they had such profound understanding that if they concentrated their gaze upon them and made themselves receptive to their influences, a certain harmony could be established between what was good in a moral sense and what was wise. The priests of the ancient Hebrew people wore these symbols on their breastplate. The symbol for morality was called Urim, the symbol of wisdom, Thummim.1According to the footnote in the German text of this lecture, Urim = Glanz (Radiance or Lustre) and Thummim = Wahrheit (Truth). Most English books of reference give “lights” and “perfections” as the interpretations, while acknowledging uncertainty. The Septuagint translates them as “manifestation” and “truth”. There is no unanimity as to whether the objects in question can be reliably identified, but the biblical references suggest that they were precious stones. Some scholars suppose that they were the twelve stones of the breastplate of the High Priest. What seems to be certain is that on these objects were engraved the names of the twelve tribes and that the High Priest used them as an oracle in order to ascertain the will of God. (See among other biblical references: Exodus 28, 9-30; Leviticus 8, 8.) Robertson Smith wrote in The Old Testament in the Jewish Church: “In ancient times the priestly oracle of Urim and Thummim was a sacred lot; for in I Sam. xiv:41 the true text, as we can still restore it from the LXX., makes Saul pray, If the iniquity be in me or Jonathan, give Urim; but if in Israel, give Thummim. This sacred lot was connected with the ephod, which in the time of the Judges was something very like an idol.” See in the Moffatt translation of the Bible I Sam. xiv. 18-43.

Note by D.S.O. and M.K.

If a Hebrew priest wanted to discover whether a certain action was both good and wise, he made himself receptive to the forces of Urim and Thummim; the result was that a certain harmony between morality and intellectuality was induced. Magical effects were produced by means of these symbols and a magical link established with the spiritual world.

Our task now is to achieve in future incarnations through inner development of the soul the effect that in earlier times was produced by means of these symbols.

Let us think once again of the phases of evolution through the fifth, sixth and seventh post-Atlantean culture-epochs in order to grasp how intellectuality, aestheticism and morality will come to expression in men's life of soul.

Whereas in the present fifth epoch, intellectuality can remain unimpaired even if no pleasure is taken in moral actions, in the sixth epoch, it will be quite different. In the sixth epoch, that is, from about the third millennium onwards, immorality will have a paralysing effect upon intellectuality. The mental powers of a man who is intellectual and at the same time immoral will definitely deteriorate and this condition will become more and more pronounced in the future evolution of humanity. A man who has no morals will therefore have no intellectual power for this will depend entirely upon moral actions; and in the seventh epoch, cleverness without morality will be non-existent.

At this point it will be well to consider the nature of moral forces in individual souls in their present incarnations. How is it that in our phase of evolution a human being can become immoral? It is because in his successive incarnations man has descended more and more deeply into the physical world and has therefore been impelled more and more strongly towards the world of the senses.

The more forcefully the impulses belonging to the descending phase of evolution work upon a soul, the more immoral it tends to become. This fact is confirmed by a very interesting finding of occult research. You know that when a man passes through the gate of death, he lays aside his physical and etheric bodies and for a short time has a retrospective view of his past life on earth. A kind of sleep then ensues and after a few months, or perhaps years, he wakens on the astral plane, in Kamaloka. Then follows the life in Kamaloka, when the earthly life is lived over again in backward order, three times as quickly.

At the beginning of life in Kamaloka a very significant experience comes to every individual. In the case of most Europeans or, speaking generally, of men belonging to modern civilisation, this experience takes the following form.—At the beginning of life in Kamaloka a spiritual Individuality shows us everything we have done out of selfish motives in the last life, shows us a kind of register of all our transgressions. The more concretely you picture this experience, the better. At the beginning of the Kamaloka period it is actually as though a figure were presenting us with the register of our physical life. The important fact—for which, naturally, there can be no further proof because it can be confirmed only by occult experience—is that the majority of men belonging to European civilisation recognise Moses in this figure. This fact has always been known to Rosicrucian research since the Middle Ages and in recent years it has been confirmed by very delicate investigations.

You can gather from this that at the beginning of his life in Kamaloka man feels a very great responsibility towards the pre-Christian powers for having allowed himself to be drawn downwards, and it is an actual fact in occult life that it is the Moses-Individuality who demands reckoning for the wrongs committed in our time.

The powers and forces which draw man upwards again to the spiritual world fall into two categories: those which draw him upwards on the path of Wisdom, and those which draw him upwards on the path of Morality. The forces to which intellectual progress is mainly due all proceed from the impulse given by a great Individuality of the fourth post-Atlantean epoch who is known to you all, namely Gautama Buddha. It is a remarkable discovery of spiritual investigation that the most penetrating, most significant, thoughts conceived in our present epoch have proceeded from Gautama Buddha. This is all the more remarkable inasmuch as until the days of Schopenhauer—therefore by no means long ago—the name of Gautama Buddha was almost unknown in the West. This is very understandable, for when Gautama Buddha was born as the son of King Suddhodana, he rose from the rank of Bodhisattva to that of Buddha, and to become a Buddha means that the Individuality concerned does not incarnate again on Earth in a body of flesh. The Bodhisattva-Individuality who became Buddha five or six centuries before the beginning of the Christian era has not since incarnated, nor can he incarnate, in a physical body. But instead he sends down his forces from the higher worlds, from the super-sensible worlds, and inspires all bearers of culture who are not yet permeated by the Christ Impulse. Consciousness of this truth was demonstrated in a beautiful legend written down by John of Damascus in the eighth century and well known throughout Europe in the Middle Ages. It is the legend of Barlaam and Joshaphat, which relates how he who had become the successor of Buddha (Joshaphat is a phonetic variation of ‘Bodhisattva’) received teaching from Barlaam about the Christ Impulse. The legend, which was subsequently forgotten, tells us that the Bodhisattva who succeeded Gautama Buddha was instructed by Barlaam and his soul was fired by the Christian Impulse. This was the second impulse which, in addition to that of Buddha, continues to work in the evolution of humanity. It is the Christ Impulse and is connected with the future ascent of humanity to Morality. Although Buddha's teaching is in a particular sense moral teaching, the Christ Impulse is not teaching but actual power which works as such and to an increasing degree imbues mankind with moral strength. (I Corinthians IV, 20)

In the fourth post-Atlantean epoch the Christ Being who descended from cosmic heights had first to appear in a physical body. In our fifth epoch the intense consolidation of intellectual forces will make it possible for man to behold the Christ as an etheric Figure. This is even now beginning in our century. From the thirties to the forties of this century onwards, individuals will appear who have developed in a way that will enable them to see the etheric Form of Christ, as at the time of Jesus of Nazareth they saw the physical Christ. And during the next three thousand years the number of those able to behold the etheric Christ will steadily increase, until in about three thousand years, reckoning from the present time, there will be a sufficient number of human beings on the Earth who will need no gospels or other such records, because in their own life of soul they will have actual vision of the Christ.

We must therefore clearly understand that in the fourth post-Atlantean epoch men were only capable of beholding the physical Christ; He therefore came in a physical body. In our own epoch and on into the third millennium, they will gradually grow capable of beholding the etheric Christ. He will never come again in a physical body.

If we bear in mind the fact that when a man of the present age who unites himself more and more deeply with the Christ Impulse passes into Kamaloka and is called to account by a figure personifying a moral force—by Moses—we shall understand how a transformation of the Moses-figure can be brought about. For what does Moses show us when he confronts us with the register of our sins and transgressions? He shows us what stands on the debit side of our Karma. For a soul of our epoch it is of great significance that through the inspiration of Buddha the doctrine of Karma can be comprehended, but that the reality of the working of Karma after death is revealed to us by the Old Testament figure of Moses.

As the influences of the super-sensible Christ pervade the souls of men to an ever-increasing extent, the figure of Moses will be transformed after death into that of Christ Jesus. This means that our Karma is linked with Christ, that Christ unites with our Karma.

It is interesting to realise that in the teachings of Buddha, Karma is an abstract matter, having an impersonal character. In the future incarnations of men, as Christ comes into ever closer connection with Karma, it will acquire the quality of being, of potential life.

Our earlier stages of evolution, our lives in the past, may be related to the words: Ex Deo nascimur. If we direct our development in such a way that after death, instead of Moses we meet Christ with whom our Karma is then united, this is expressed in the Rosicrucian Christianity that has existed since the 13th century, by the words: In Christo morimur.

Just as Buddha-hood can be attained only on the physical plane, the qualification for meeting Christ in death can likewise be acquired by the human soul only on the physical plane. A Buddha is first a Bodhisattva, but he rises to the rank of Buddha during a physical incarnation and it is then no longer necessary for him to return to the Earth. Understanding of Christ in the sense just explained can be acquired only on the physical plane. Hence during the next three thousand years men will have to acquire in the physical world the power to behold the super-sensible Christ, and it is the mission of the Anthroposophical Movement to create, first of all, the conditions which make understanding of Christ possible on the physical plane, and then the power to behold Him.

In the age when Christ works in the world of men as the etheric Christ it matters not whether we are living in a physical body or between death and a new birth, if on the physical plane we have acquired the power to behold Him. Let us suppose, for example, that because of his earlier death a man had no opportunity of beholding Christ in his present etheric Form. Nevertheless, if during his life in the physical world such a man had acquired the necessary understanding, vision of the Christ would be possible for him between death and rebirth. A man who keeps aloof from spiritual life and acquires no understanding of Christ will remain without such knowledge until he can acquire it in his next incarnation.

What has just been said will indicate to you that as humanity lives on through the fifth, sixth and seventh epochs of civilisation the Christ Impulse will gain increasing power on the Earth. We have heard that in the sixth epoch, intellectuality will be impaired through immorality. The other aspect is that a man who has paralysed his intellectual faculty as a result of immorality must turn to Christ with all the greater strength in order that Christ may lead him to morality and imbue him with moral strength.

What I have told you has been investigated particularly closely by Rosicrucians since the 13th century but it is a truth that has at all times been known to many occultists.

If it were to be asserted that there could be a second appearance of Christ on Earth in a physical body, according to occultism that would be equivalent to stating that a balance works more efficiently if it is supported at two points instead of at one. In very truth the three years' duration of Christ's life on Earth in the body of Jesus of Nazareth constitutes the fulcrum of Earth evolution; and just as there can be only one point at which the beam of a balance is attached, so too there can be only one fulcrum of Earth evolution.

The teaching of moral development is not the same as the impulse for such development.

Before the Event of Golgotha the Bodhisattva who was the successor of Buddha was present on the Earth in order to prepare for that Event and give teaching to those around him. He incarnated in the personality of Jeshu ben Pandira [See Jeshu ben Pandira, two lectures given by Rudolf Steiner at Leipzig on November 4th and 5th, 1911, and references in his later cycle, The Gospel of St. Matthew.], one century before the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. Thus we must distinguish between the Jeshu ben Pandira-incarnation of the Bodhisattva who was the successor of Gautama Buddha, and the incarnation at the beginning of our era of Jesus of Nazareth who for three years of his life was permeated by the cosmic Being we call the Christ.

The Bodhisattva who incarnated in Jeshu ben Pandira and in other personalities too, returns again and again, until in about three thousand years from now, he will attain Buddha-hood and as Maitreya Buddha live through his final incarnation. The Christ-Individuality was on the Earth in the body of Jesus of Nazareth for three years only and does not come again in a physical body; in the fifth post-Atlantean epoch He comes in an etheric body, in the sixth epoch in an astral body, and in the seventh in a mighty Cosmic Ego that is like a great Group-Soul of humanity.

When a human being dies, his physical, etheric and astral bodies fall away from him and his ego passes over to the next incarnation. It is exactly the same with the planet Earth. What is physical in our Earth falls away at the end of the Earth-period and human souls in their totality pass over into the Jupiter condition, the next planetary embodiment of the Earth. And just as in the case of an individual human being the ego is the centre of his further evolution, so for the whole of future humanity the Christ-Ego in the astral and etheric bodies of men goes on to ensoul the Jupiter-existence. We therefore see how starting from a physical man -on Earth the Christ gradually evolves as Etheric Christ, as Astral Christ, as Ego-Christ, in order, as Ego-Christ, to be the Spirit of the Earth who then rises to even higher stages together with all mankind.

What are we doing when we teach Spiritual Science to-day? We are teaching what Oriental wisdom so clearly proclaimed when the Bodhisattva who was then the son of King Suddhodana, attained Buddha-hood. In those Oriental teachings was expressed the realisation that it was the task of the next Bodhisattva—who would eventually become a Buddha—to spread over the Earth the knowledge that would reveal Christ to men in the true light. Thus the Bodhisattva who incarnated in Jeshu ben Pandira and again and again in others, became the great Teacher of the Christ Impulse. This is indicated very clearly in the legend of Barlaam and Joshaphat, which tells how Joshaphat (i.e. the Bodhisattva) is instructed by Barlaam, the Christian teacher. The Oriental occult teachings call this Bodhisattva the ‘Bringer of the Good’—Maitreya Buddha. And we know from occult investigations that in this Maitreya Buddha the power of the Word will be present in a degree of which men of the present time can as yet have no conception. It is possible to-day through higher clairvoyant perception of the process of world-evolution to discover how the, Maitreya Buddha will teach after three thousand years have passed. Much of his teaching can also be expressed in symbolic forms. But to-day—because mankind is insufficiently mature—it is not yet possible to utter words such as those that will come from the lips of the Maitreya Buddha.

In the Eightfold Path, Gautama Buddha gave the great intellectual teachings of right speech, right thinking, right action, and so on. The words uttered by the Maitreya Buddha will contain a magic power that will become moral impulses in the men who hear them. And if there should be a gospel telling of the Maitreya Buddha, the writer of it would have to use words differing from those used of Christ in the Gospel of St. John: “And the Word was made Flesh.” The evangelist of the Maitreya Buddha would have to testify: “And the Flesh was made Word.”

The utterances of the Maitreya Buddha will be permeated in a miraculous way with the power of Christ. Occult investigations show us to-day that in a certain respect even the external life of the Maitreya Buddha will be patterned on the life of Christ. In ancient times, when a great Individuality appeared and was to become a Teacher of humanity, signs indicating this showed themselves in the early youth of the child in question, in special talents and qualities of soul. There is however a different kind of development in the course of which a complete change in the personality becomes apparent at a certain point in his life. What happens is that when this human being has reached a certain age, his ego is taken out of his bodily sheaths and a different ego passes into his body. The greatest example of this is Christ Jesus Himself, of whom in his thirtieth year the Christ-Individuality had taken possession. All the incarnations of the Bodhisattva who will become the Maitreya Buddha have shown that in this sense his life will resemble that of Christ.

In none of the incarnations of the Bodhisattva is it known, either in his childhood or youth, that he will become a Bodhisattva. Whenever the Bodhisattva becomes Buddha there is evidence that at the age of 30 or 31, another individuality takes possession of his body. The Bodhisattva will never reveal himself as such in his early youth, but in his thirtieth or thirty-first year he will manifest quite different qualities, because another Being takes possession of his body. Individualities who will take possession of the personality of some human being in this way and will not incarnate as children, are, for example, individualities such as Moses, Abraham, Ezekiel.

So too is it in our present century in the case of the Bodhisattva who later on, in three thousand years time, will become the Maitreya Buddha. It would be so much occult dilettantism to assert that this Being would be recognisable in his early years as the Bodhisattva. It is between his thirtieth and thirty-first years that he first reveals Himself through his own power, without having to be proclaimed by others. He will convince the world through his own power and it would be well to realise that if the Bodhisattva were alleged in some quarters to be revealing himself in a human being under the age of thirty, that very fact would be evidence of the fallacy of such a statement. Claims of the kind have frequently been made. For example, in the 17th century a certain individual proclaimed himself to be an incarnation of the Messiah, of Christ. His name was Sabbati Zewi and hosts of people from all over Europe, from Spain, Italy and France, made pilgrimages to him in Smyrna.

It is certainly true that in our time there is a rooted disinclination to recognise genius in human beings. But on the other hand, mental laziness is very prevalent, with the result that people are only too ready to acknowledge some individual as a great soul, merely on authority. It is important to-day for Anthroposophy to be presented in such a way as to be based to the smallest possible extent on belief in authority.

Much that I have said today can be substantiated only by means of occult investigation. Yet I beg you not to give credence to these things because I say them, but to test them by everything known to you from history—above all by what you can learn from your own experience—and I am absolutely certain that the more closely you examine them, the more confirmation you will find. In this age of intellectualism, I do not appeal to your belief in authority but to your capacity for intelligent examination. The Bodhisattva of the 20th century will not rely upon any herald to announce him as the Maitreya Buddha, but upon the power of his own words; he will stand on his own feet in the world.

What has been said in this lecture may perhaps be summed up as follows.—

In our period of evolution, two streams of spiritual life are at work; one of them is the stream of Wisdom, or the Buddha-stream, containing the most sublime teaching of wisdom, goodness of heart and peace on Earth. To enable this teaching of Buddha to permeate the hearts of all men, the Christ Impulse is indispensable. The second stream is the Christ-stream itself which will lead humanity from intellectuality, by way of aesthetic feeling and insight, to morality. And the greatest Teacher of the Christ Impulse will in all ages be the successor of that Bodhisattva who incarnates again and again and who, in three thousand years from now, will become the Maitreya Buddha. For the statement contained in Oriental chronicles is true: that exactly five thousand years after Gautama Buddha attained Enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, the Maitreya Buddha will incarnate on Earth for the last time.

The succession of Bodhisattvas and Buddhas has no relation as such to the cosmic Being we call Christ; it was a Bodhisattva—not the Christ—who incarnated in the body of Jeshu ben Pandira. Christ incarnated in a physical body once, and once only, for a period of three years. The Bodhisattva appears in every century until his existence as Maitreya Buddha.

The mission of Anthroposophy to-day is to be a synthesis of religions. We can conceive of one form of religion being comprised in Buddhism, another form in Christianity, and as evolution proceeds the more closely do the different religions unite—in the way that Buddha and Christ themselves are united in our hearts.

This vista of the spiritual development of humanity brings home to us the necessity of the impulse of Anthroposophy as a preparation for understanding the progress of culture and happenings in the great process of evolution itself.

Buddha und Christus. Die Sphäre der Bodhisattvas

Meine lieben theosophischen Freunde!

In dieser Stunde möchte ich zu Ihnen sprechen von Tatsachen, die namentlich der moralischen und ethischen Welt angehören und die geeignet sind, uns die Mission der Theosophie in unserer Zeit vor die Seele zu stellen.

Wir alle sind durchdrungen von der großen Wahrheit der Lehre der Reinkarnation, der Wiederholung der Erdenleben, und wir müssen uns klarmachen, dass diese Wiederholung unseres Erdenlebens in der Entwicklung unserer Erde ihren guten Sinn hat. Wenn wir uns fragen: Warum wiederholen wir dieses Erdenleben?, so erhalten wir aus den okkulten Forschungen heraus die Antwort, dass wir in den aufeinanderfolgenden Erdenepochen immer Verschiedenes auf dem Erdenplan erleben, wenn wir wieder auf diesem Plan erscheinen. Etwas anderes erlebten unsere Seelen bei jenen Inkarnationen, die unmittelbar auf die große atlantische Katastrophe folgten, etwas anderes in den vorchristlichen Zeiten, etwas anderes erleben sie in unserer Zeit.

Nur kurz erwähnen will ich, dass in den Zeiten, welche der großen atlantischen Katastrophe gefolgt sind, unsere Seelen in den damaligen Leibern ein gewisses elementares Hellsehen hatten. Dieses Hellsehen, welches den Menschen in früheren Zeiten natürlich war, hat sich allmählich verloren. Und dasjenige Zeitalter, welches den Menschen am meisten von den Kräften des alten Hellsehens genommen hat, ist die griechisch-römische Kulturepoche, die vierte Kulturepoche in der nachatlantischen Zeit. Seit jener Zeit entwickelt sich der Mensch so, dass er seine großen Fortschritte äußerlich auf dem physischen Plan vollzieht und nach und nach wiederum sich erobert gegen das Ende der jetzigen nachatlantischen Zeit die hellseherische Kraft.

Wir leben jetzt in der fünften nachatlantischen Kulturepoche. Wir zählen als erste nachatlantische Kulturepoche die alte indische, als zweite die urpersische, als dritte die chaldäisch-babylonische, als vierte die römisch-griechische. Wir selbst stehen in der fünften Kulturepoche. Auf unsere werden folgen eine sechste und eine siebente Kulturepoche. Dann kommt wieder eine große Katastrophe auf der Erde, ähnlich der Katastrophe der atlantischen Epoche.

Wir können nun aus den okkulten Forschungen heraus für jede von diesen Kulturepochen, für die fünfte, sechste und siebente nachatlantische Kulturepoche, einen Hauptcharakterzug der menschlichen Entwicklung angeben. In unserer fünften nachatlantischen Kulturepoche ist der Hauptcharakterzug der menschlichen Evolution die intellektuelle, die Verstandesentwicklung. In der sechsten, die auf unsere folgen wird, wird der Hauptcharakterzug der menschlichen Entwicklung der sein, dass die Seelen der Menschen ganz bestimmte Empfindungen haben werden gegenüber dem, was moralisch, und dem, was unmoralisch ist. Besonders fein werden sich Empfindungen ausleben der Sympathie mit mitleidsvollem, wohlwollendem Handeln und der Antipathie gegen Übelwollende in einer Größe, von der man bis jetzt keine Ahnung haben kann.

Auf diese sechste wird die siebente Kulturepoche folgen, in welcher das moralische Leben noch mehr vertieft sein wird. Während man in der sechsten Kulturepoche Wohlgefallen haben wird an guten und edlen Handlungen, wird in der siebenten Kulturepoche ein solches Wohlgefallen in sich auch einen moralischen Impuls zum Gefolge haben, das heißt den Wunsch, das zu tun, was moralisch ist. Es ist noch ein großer Unterschied, Wohlgefallen zu haben an einer moralischen Handlung und das zu tun, was moralisch ist. Sodass wir sagen können: Unsere Kulturepoche ist die Kulturepoche der Intelligenz, des Verstandes, darauf wird folgen die Kulturepoche, die man nennen kann die Kulturepoche des ästhetischen Wohlgefallens am Guten und des ästhetischen Missfallens am Bösen, und die siebente wird die Epoche des tätigen moralischen Lebens sein.

Für alles dasjenige, was nun in den künftigen Kulturepochen in die Menschheit eintreten wird, sind jetzt in der menschlichen Seele erst die Keime enthalten, und wir können sagen, dass alle diese Anlagen, die der Mensch hat - intellektuelle Anlagen, Anlagen zu Sympathien und Antipathien für moralische Handlungen, Anlagen zu moralischen Impulsen - mit den höheren Welten in Beziehung stehen. Jede moralische Handlung steht in gewisser Beziehung zu den höheren Welten. Unsere intellektuellen Anlagen stehen in einer übersinnlichen Beziehung zu dem, was wir den Astralplan nennen. Unsere Sympathien und Antipathien für das Gute und Böse stehen in Beziehung zu dem, was wir den niederen Devachanplan nennen. Und die Welt der moralischen Impulse in der Seele steht in einer Beziehung zu dem höheren Devachanplan. Sodass wir auch sagen können: In unserer Zeit greifen die Kräfte der astralischen Welt in die Menschenseele ein, in der sechsten Kulturepoche werden die Kräfte des niederen Devachanplanes in die Menschenseele mehr eingreifen, und in der siebenten Kulturepoche werden die Kräfte des höheren Devachanplanes in unsere Menschheit besonders eingreifen.

Sie werden daraus sehen, dass es begreiflich ist, dass in der vorhergehenden vierten, in der römisch-griechischen Kulturepoche, es vorzugsweise die Kräfte des physischen Planes waren, die in die Menschenseele eingegriffen haben. Daher hat zum Beispiel die griechische Kultur so wunderbare plastische Kunstwerke geschaffen, durch die sie die Menschengestalt auf dem äußeren physischen Plan in der vorzüglichsten Weise zum Ausdruck gebracht hat. Daher waren aber auch die Menschen besonders geeignet in dieser Zeit, diejenige Wesenheit, die wir die Christus-Wesenheit nennen, auch auf dem physischen Plan in einem Menschenleibe zu erleben. In unserer Kulturepoche, der fünften, die bis in das vierte Jahrtausend dauern wird, werden die Seelen allmählich geeignet sein, die Christus-Wesenheit auf dem astralischen Plan zu erleben, und auf dem Astralplan wird die Christus-Wesenheit schon in unserer Epoche vom zwanzigsten Jahrhundert ab in einer Äthergestalt so für die Menschheit sichtbar werden, wie sie in der vierten Epoche auf dem physischen Plan in einer physischen Gestalt sichtbar war.

Um nun diese ganze folgende Kulturentwicklung, in die unsere Seelen hineinsteuern, zu verstehen, ist es gut, dass wir nun tiefer auf die Eigentümlichkeiten unserer Seele in den folgenden Inkarnationen eingehen. Heute, in unserer intellektuelleren Periode, stehen für alle Seelen Intellektualität und Moralität ziemlich nebeneinander. Es kann heute jemand ein sehr kluger Mensch sein und dabei unmoralisch, umgekehrt kann man sehr moralisch sein und gar nicht sehr klug.

In der vierten Kulturepoche hat ein Volk prophetisch herankommen sehen dieses Nebeneinanderstehen von Moralität und Intellektualität, und dieses Volk ist das althebräische Volk. Daher suchten die Glieder des alten hebräischen Volkes eine künstliche Harmonie herzustellen zwischen Moralität und Intellektualität, während zum Beispiel bei den Griechen eine mehr natürliche Harmonie dazumal bestand. Wir können heute aus den Dokumenten der AkashaChronik erkennen, wie die Führer des althebräischen Volkes diese Harmonie zwischen Moralität und Intellektualität herzustellen suchten. Sie hatten Symbole, die sie so genau kannten, dass, wenn sie diese Symbole in einer gewissen Weise anschauten und auf sich wirken ließen, eine gewisse Harmonie zwischen dem, was gut, was moralisch und was weise ist, hergestellt werden konnte. Diese Symbole trugen die priesterlichen Führer des althebräischen Volkes an der Brust. Das Symbolum für die Moralität hieß Urim, das Symbolum für die Weisheit hieß Tummim.

Wollte nun der hebräische Priester für irgendeine Handlung finden: Diese ist zugleich gut und weise - so ließ er auf sich wirken Urim und Tummim in einer bedeutsamen Art, und so wie diese beiden wirkten, konnte in ihm eine gewisse künstliche Harmonie hervorgerufen werden zwischen Moralität und Intellektualität. Die Sache war so, dass tatsächlich magische Wirkungen ausgeübt wurden durch diese Symbole, eine magische Verbindung mit der geistigen Welt hergestellt wurde.

Wir haben nun die Aufgabe, das, was dazumal durch diese künstlichen Symbole hervorgerufen wurde, nach und nach in späteren Inkarnationen durch die innere Entwicklung der Seele zu erreichen.

Und nun wollen wir einmal die Entwicklungsphasen durch die fünfte, sechste und siebente nachatlantische Kulturepoche vor unsere Seele stellen, um zu sehen, wie die Intellektualität, der Ästhetizismus und die Moralität auf unsere Seelen wirken werden.

Während in unserer Zeit, in der fünften Kulturepoche, unsere Intellektualität erhalten bleiben kann, auch wenn wir kein Gefallen haben an moralischem Handeln, wird das in der sechsten Kulturepoche ganz anders sein. In der sechsten Kulturepoche, also ungefähr vom dritten Jahrtausend an, wird das Unmoralische paralysierend auf die Intellektualität wirken. Wer intellektuell ist und dabei unmoralisch, wird seine Intellektualität auf einen Dämmerzustand herabsetzen mit der Entwicklung der Unmoralität. Und dieses wird immer bedeutsamer in der zukünftigen Evolution der Menschheit auftreten, sodass der Mensch, der nicht moralisch ist, keine Intellektualität erwerben wird, weil dieses nur durch moralische Handlungen möglich sein wird. Und in der siebenten nachatlantischen Kulturepoche wird es keine Menschen geben, die klug sein können und nicht moralisch. Es ist nun gut, wenn wir uns die Kräfte der Moralität bei den einzelnen Menschenseelen in den jetzigen Inkarnationen ein wenig vor die Augen führen. Warum kann denn der Mensch überhaupt in unserer Entwicklung unmoralisch werden? Diese Frage wollen wir aufwerfen. Das rührt davon her, dass der Mensch bei seinen aufeinanderfolgenden Inkarnationen immer mehr in die physische Welt heruntergestiegen ist und deshalb immer mehr Antriebe bloß zur physischen Sinneswelt hin erhalten hat.

Eine Seele ist heute um so unmoralischer, je mehr Antriebe von dem heruntersteigenden Zyklus auf die Seele wirken. Diese Tatsache ist. durch ein sehr interessantes Forschungsergebnis des Okkultismus direkt zu belegen.

Sie wissen, dass der Mensch, wenn er durch die Pforte des Todes schreitet, seinen physischen und seinen Ätherleib ablegt, dass er eine kurze Zeit nach dem Tode etwas hat wie einen Rückblick auf sein gesamtes Erdenleben. Dann folgt die Zeit einer Art Schlafzustandes. Und der Mensch wacht dann nach einigen Monaten oder Jahren auf dem Astralplan, im Kamaloka, auf. Es folgt diesem Erwachen das Kamaloka-Leben, das darin besteht, dass wir mit dreimal so großer Geschwindigkeit das Erdenleben zurückleben. Und im Beginne des Kamaloka-Lebens ersteht für jeden Menschen ein sehr bedeutendes Ereignis. Für die meisten Menschen unseres Europa oder überhaupt der neueren Kulturepoche stellt sich dieses Ereignis so hin, dass beim Beginne des Kamaloka-Lebens eine geistige Individualität uns alles das, was wir selbstsüchtig getan haben im letzten Leben, wie ein Verzeichnis alles dessen zeigt, was wir gesündigt haben. Je anschaulicher Sie sich diesen Vorgang darstellen, desto richtiger stellen Sie sich ihn vor: wie wenn wirklich am Anfang des Kamaloka-Lebens sich so eine Gestalt mit dem Register unseres physischen Lebens darstellen wollte.

Das ist nun die wichtige Tatsache, die man natürlich nicht weiter beweisen kann, weil sie nur durch okkulte Erfahrung bewiesen werden kann, dass die meisten Menschen, die der europäischen Bildung angehören, in dieser Gestalt den Moses erkennen. Dieses ist eine Tatsache, die man namentlich immer gewusst hat in den rosenkreuzerischen Forschungen seit dem Mittelalter und die durch sehr subtile Forschungen gerade in den letzten Jahren bestätigt worden ist.

Sie können daraus entnehmen, dass der Mensch beim Beginn des Kamaloka-Lebens eine sehr große Verantwortlichkeit fühlt gegenüber den vorchristlichen Mächten für das, was ihn heruntergezogen hat. Und dem okkulten Leben gegenüber erscheint tatsächlich die Moses-Individualität als diejenige, die Rechenschaft fordert für das Unrecht, welches in unserer Zeit geschieht.

Diejenigen Mächte, diejenigen Kräfte, die den Menschen wiederum hinaufziehen in die geistige Welt, die zerfallen in zweierlei: in solche, die ihn hinaufziehen auf dem Wege der Weisheit, und in solche, die ihn hinaufziehen auf dem Wege der Moralität. Diejenigen Kräfte nun, welche vorzugsweise den intellektuellen Fortschritt bewirken, die gehen alle aus von einer Ihnen allen bekannten bedeutenden Individualität aus der vierten nachatlantischen Kulturepoche. Nämlich der Impuls zur weisheitsvollen Entwicklung der Seele geht aus von Gautama Buddha. Es ist merkwürdig, dass uns die okkulte Forschung lehrt, dass gerade die scharfsichtigsten und wichtigsten Gedanken, die in unserer Kulturepoche gedacht worden sind, ausgegangen sind von Gautama Buddha. Dieses ist um so merkwürdiger, als man im Abendlande in noch nicht allzulanger Zeit, bis zu Schopenhauer hinauf, den Namen des Gautama Buddha fast nicht gekannt hat. Dies aber ist sehr begreiflich, denn der Gautama Buddha stieg in der Zeit, als er der Königssohn des Suddhodana war, von der Bodhisattva-Würde zur Buddha-Würde auf, und das BuddhaWerden bedeutet, dass die betreffende Individualität sich nicht mehr im fleischlichen Leibe auf Erden inkarniert.

In der Tat ist es auch so, dass jene Individualität, die fünf bis sechs Jahrhunderte vor dem Beginne unserer Zeitrechnung vom Bodhisattva zum Buddha geworden ist, nicht mehr in einem physischen Leib sich inkarniert hat und auch nicht mehr in einem physischen Leib sich inkarnieren kann. Dafür aber sendet sie aus den höheren Welten, aus den übersinnlichen Welten, die Kräfte herunter und inspiriert alle die Kulturträger, die noch nicht von dem ChristusImpulse durchsetzt sind. Ein Bewusstsein davon war vorhanden in einer schönen Legende, welche Johann von Damaskus im achten Jahrhundert niedergeschrieben hat und die berühmt wurde durch alle europäischen Länder hindurch im Mittelalter. Es ist die Legende von Barlaam und Josaphat, welche uns in der Tat zeigt, wie derjenige, welcher der Nachfolger des Buddha geworden ist — Josaphat ist in lautlicher Umwandlung derselbe Name für Bodhisattva - von Barlaam für die christlichen Impulse belehrt worden ist. Diese Legende, die dann vergessen worden ist, erzählt uns, dass der Nachfolger des Bodhisattva von einem Vertreter des Christentums, Barlaam, belehrt worden ist, und sie will zeigen, dass derjenige Bodhisattva, der auf den Gautama Buddha gefolgt war, in der Tat die christlichen Impulse in sein eigenes Seelenleben aufgenommen hat. Und so ist es auch. Denn der zweite Impuls, der außer dem Buddha-Impuls in der Menschheitsevolution nun fortwirkt, das ist der Christus-Impuls, und dieser Impuls ist derjenige, welcher in der Zukunft dem Aufstieg der Menschheit zur Moralität entspricht. Daher kann man sagen: Wenn auch die Buddha-Lehre eine im besonderen Sinne moralische Lehre ist, so ist sie eben eine moralische Lehre, während der Christus-Impuls nicht Lehre, sondern Kraft ist. Er wirkt als moralische Kraft, die immer mehr und mehr sich so gestaltet, dass sie die Menschheit wirklich mit Moralität durchdringt.

In der vierten nachatlantischen Kulturepoche musste sich diese Christus-Wesenheit, die aus kosmischen Höhen heruntergestiegen ist, zunächst im physischen Leibe zeigen. In unserer fünften Kulturepoche werden sich die intellektuellen Kräfte dann so verdichten, dass der Mensch fähig werden wird, den Christus nicht als physische, sondern als Äthergestalt zu sehen. Dieses Ereignis nimmt schon von unserem Jahrhundert, vom zwanzigsten Jahrhundert an, seinen Anfang. Vom dreißigsten, vierzigsten Jahre dieses Jahrhunderts an werden einzelne Menschen auftreten, welche ihr individuelles Leben so entwickelt haben, dass sie sehen werden die Äthergestalt des Christus, wie sie zur Zeit des Jesus von Nazareth den physischen Christus gesehen haben. Und immer mehr und mehr werden in den nächsten drei Jahrtausenden Menschen kommen, welche diesen ätherischen Christus schauen werden, bis ungefähr drei Jahrtausende nach unserer Zeitrechnung eine genügende Anzahl Menschen auf Erden keine Evangelien oder andere Urkunden mehr brauchen werden, weil sie in der Seele den Christus gesehen haben werden.

Wir müssen also uns klar sein darüber, dass in der vierten nachatlantischen Epoche die Menschen nur fähig waren, den physischen Christus zu sehen, deshalb kam er auch im physischen Leibe. In unserer Epoche bis in das dritte Jahrtausend hinein werden die Menschen allmählich fähig, den ätherischen Christus zu sehen, deshalb kommt er niemals wieder im physischen Leibe. Wenn wir uns nun vor Augen halten, dass heute der Mensch, wenn er das Kamaloka betritt und von einer moralisch wirkenden Gestalt, dem Moses, zur Rechenschaft gezogen wird, der sich immer mehr mit dem Christus-Impuls verbindet, so werden wir verstehen, wie sich das ereignen wird, was ich als eine Umwandlung der Moses-Gestalt schildern kann. Was zeigt uns denn Moses, wenn er mit unserem Sündenregister vor uns steht? Er zeigt uns, was auf der einen Seite, auf der Unrechtseite unseres Karma steht. Das ist in der Tat wichtig für eine Seele unserer Zeit, dass durch die Inspiration des Buddhismus die Karmalehre begriffen werden kann, dass aber die Wirklichkeit des Karma nach dem Tode uns gezeigt wird durch die alttestamentarische Gestalt des Moses. Indem nun die Seelen sich immer mehr und mehr durchdringen mit dem übersinnlichen Christus, wird sich vollziehen nach dem Tode die Umwandlung der Moses-Gestalt in die des Christus Jesus. Das heißt aber nichts anderes als: Unser Karma kommt mit Christus in einen Zusammenhang, Christus wächst mit unserem eigenen Karma zusammen.

Es ist sehr interessant zu beobachten, dass das Karma im Sinne der Buddha-Lehre eine abstrakte Sache ist. Es hat dieses Karma des Buddhismus etwas Unpersönliches. In der Zukunft der Menscheninkarnationen verwächst immer mehr der Christus mit dem Karma: Es bekommt unser Karma etwas Wesenhaftes, etwas Lebensfähiges.

Unsere früheren Entwicklungsstadien, unsere vergangenen Leben lassen sich gut zusammenfassen in den Worten: Ex deo nascimur. Gestalten wir unsere Entwicklung so, dass wir nach dem Tode statt des Moses dem Christus begegnen, mit dem unser Karma dann zusammenwächst, so wird dies ausgedrückt durch die seit dem dreizehnten Jahrhundert bestehende christlich-rosenkreuzerische Strömung mit dem Worte: In Christo morimur.

Gerade so, wie man ein Buddha nur auf dem physischen Plan werden kann, so kann die Menschenseele die Fähigkeit, dem Christus im Tode zu begegnen, nur auf dem physischen Plan erwerben. Ein Buddha ist zuerst ein Bodhisattva, er steigt aber zum Buddha auf in der physischen Inkarnation, und dann braucht er nicht mehr auf die Erde zu kommen. Das Verständnis für den Christus, so wie wir es jetzt auseinandergesetzt haben, kann man nur auf dem physischen Plan erwerben. Um dies zu ermöglichen, werden in den nächsten drei Jahrtausenden die Menschen die Fähigkeit, den übersinnlichen Christus zu schauen, in der physischen Welt erwerben müssen, und dazu ist das theosophische Leben da. Das ist ihre Mission: die Bedingungen zu schauen, die auf dem physischen Plan das Verständnis für den Christus bewirken, um dann den Christus schauen zu können.

Ob wir nun in der Zeit, in welcher der Christus als ätherischer Christus in die Menschheit eingreift, in einem physischen Leibe sind oder zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt, das macht nichts aus, wenn wir die Fähigkeit, ihn zu schauen, hier erworben haben. Nehmen wir zum Beispiel an, ein Mensch könnte, weil er früher stirbt, nicht dazu kommen, dass er den Christus schaut in seiner jetzigen ätherischen Verkörperung, so würde er dennoch, wenn er sich hier das Verständnis dafür erworben hat, nachher zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt den Christus schauen können. Derjenige, der dem spirituellen Leben fernsteht und sich kein Christus-Verständnis erwirbt, der wird bis zum nächsten Leben der Christus-Erkenntnis fernbleiben, um sie dann im nächsten Leben zu erwerben.

Dieses, was jetzt gesagt worden ist, zeigt Ihnen, dass mit der fortschreitenden Menschheit in den drei Kulturepochen, der fünften, sechsten und siebenten, der Christus-Impuls immer mehr und mehr die Erde beherrschen wird. Wenn nun gesagt worden ist, dass in der sechsten Kulturepoche die Intellektualität durch das Unmoralische gehemmt wird, so müssen wir auf der anderen Seite auch einsehen, dass derjenige, der dann seine Intellektualität gelähmt hat durch die Unmoralität, sich mit aller Kraft zu dem Christus wenden muss, um sich durch ihn zur Moralität erheben zu lassen. Moralische Kraft kann dieses geben.

Was ich Ihnen gesagt habe, ist zwar besonders genau erforscht seit dem dreizehnten Jahrhundert, seitdem es Rosenkreuzer gibt, aber es ist auch eine Wahrheit, welche manche Okkultisten gewusst haben in allen Zeiten.

Wenn man behaupten würde, dass das physische Christus-Ereignis, die Erscheinung des Christus in einem physischen Leibe, zweimal auf der Erde stattfinden könnte, so würde man im Okkulten dasselbe behaupten, als wenn man sagen würde, eine Waage geht besser, wenn man sie an zwei Punkten unterstützt statt an einem. In Wahrheit ist tatsächlich die dreijährige Lebenszeit des Christus, der drei Jahre in dem Leibe des Jesus von Nazareth auf Erden wandelte, dasselbe wie der Schwerpunkt der Erdenentwicklung. Und wie eine Waage einen Balken nur an einem Punkte aufgehängt haben kann, so kann auch die Erdenevolution nur einen Schwerpunkt haben.

Etwas anderes ist das Lehren der moralischen Evolution und etwas anderes der Impuls zu dieser moralischen Evolution selber.

Schon bevor das Ereignis von Golgatha eingetreten ist, war der Nachfolger des Buddha, der spätere Bodhisattva, da, um dies Ereignis vorzubereiten und in seinem Kreise zu lehren. Der Bodhisattva, der auf den Buddha folgte, war zum Beispiel inkarniert in der Persönlichkeit des Jeshu ben Pandira ein Jahrhundert vor der Geburt des Jesus von Nazareth. Wir haben also zu unterscheiden ein Jahrhundert vor unserer Zeitrechnung die Jeshu-ben-Pandira-Inkarnation des Bodhisattva, der auf den Gautama Buddha gefolgt ist, und die des Jesus von Nazareth am Beginne unserer Zeitrechnung, der drei Jahre seines Lebens durchdrungen ist von der kosmischen Wesenheit, die wir den Christus nennen.

Jener Bodhisattva, der in Jeshu ben Pandira war und auch in anderen Persönlichkeiten reinkarniert war, der kommt immer wiederum, bis er in dreitausend Jahren aufsteigt zum Buddha und als MaitreyaBuddha seine letzte Inkarnation erlebt. Jene Individualität, welche die Christus-Individualität war, die war nur drei Jahre auf Erden, in dem Körper des Jesus von Nazareth, und kommt nicht wieder in einem physischen Leibe; nur in der fünften Kulturepoche im Ätherleibe, in der sechsten Kulturepoche im astralen Leibe und wieder weiter in der siebenten Kulturperiode in einem großen kosmischen Ich, das gleich einer großen Gruppenseele der Menschheit ist. Wenn der Mensch stirbt, fällt von ihm ab sein physischer, sein Ätherleib, sein Astralleib, und von ihm geht sein Ich über zur nächsten Inkarnation. Gerade so ist es aber auch mit dem Planeten unserer Erde. Dasjenige, was an unserer Erde physisch ist, fällt am Ende der Erdenperiode ab, und die Gesamtheit aller Menschen, die der Menschenseelen, geht hinüber in den Jupiter, in den nächsten planetarischen Zustand der Erde. Von den Stadien der Entwicklung, die sie erreicht haben wird, geht sie über zu dem nächsten Stadium der Erdenentwicklung, dem Jupiterdasein. Und wie beim einzelnen Menschen das menschliche Ich der Mittelpunkt ist seiner weiteren Entwicklung, so ist nachher für die ganze Menschheit das Christus-Ich, das in ihre astralischen und Ätherleiber gesenkte Ich, dasjenige, was weitergeht, um in der folgenden planetarischen Entwicklung das Jupiterdasein zu beseelen.

Wir sehen also, wie der auf die Erde herabgestiegene Christus, von einer physisch-irdischen Menschenwesenheit ausgehend, sich allmählich entwickelt als ätherischer, als astralischer, als Ich-Christus, um als Ich-Christus der Geist der Erde zu sein, der dann mit allen Menschen sich emporhebt zu höheren Stufen.

Was tun wir nun, indem wir heute Theosophie lehren? Wir tun dasjenige, was so klar die orientalischen Lehren verkündet haben, als der Bodhisattva, der da der Königssohn des Suddhodana war, zum Buddha aufgestiegen war. Die orientalischen Lehren waren sich dazumal klar darüber, dass der nachfolgende Bodhisattva, der zum Buddha werden würde, die Lehren über die Erde zu verbreiten hatte, die den Christus in der richtigen Weise den Menschen zeigen würden. So wurde der nächstfolgende Bodhisattva, der sich in Jeshu ben Pandira und in anderen immer weiter verkörperte, der Lehrer des Christus-Impulses. Und die Legende deutet das sehr gut an in der Barlaam- und Josaphat-Erzählung, indem von Barlaam, dem christlichen Lehrer, der Josaphat, das heißt der Bodhisattva, unterrichtet wird. Die orientalischen okkulten Lehren nennen daher diesen Bodhisattva den Bringer des Guten: Maitreya-Buddha. Und wir wissen aus okkulten Forschungen, dass dieser Maitreya-Buddha die Kraft des Wortes in einer solchen Weise haben wird, dass sich die heutigen Menschen davon noch gar keine Vorstellung machen können. Wir können heute hellsichtig in dem höheren Weltenwerden sehen, wie der Maitreya- Buddha lehren wird nach dreitausend Jahren. Wir könnten vieles von seinen Lehren auch in symbolischen Zeichnungen ausführen. Wir finden aber heute noch nicht die Möglichkeit dazu, weil die Menschheit noch nicht reif dafür ist, solche Worte auszusprechen, wie sie der Maitreya-Buddha aussprechen wird.

Der Gautama Buddha hat große intellektuelle Lehren, vom rechten Sprechen, rechten Lehren, rechten Denken und so weiter in dem achtgliedrigen Pfade ausgesprochen; der Maitreya-Buddha wird Worte haben, die unmittelbar durch ihre magische Kraft zu moralischen Impulsen werden bei Menschen, die sie hören. Und würde es für ihn einen Johannes-Evangelisten geben, so würde der noch anders sprechen müssen, als der Johannes-Evangelist von dem Christus sprach. Da heißt es: «Und das Wort ist Fleisch geworden»; der Johannes-Evangelist des Maitreya-Buddha würde sagen müssen: Und das Fleisch ist Wort geworden.

In einer wunderbaren Weise wird durchdrungen sein das, was von den Lippen des Maitreya-Buddha kommen wird, von der starken Kraft des Christus. Unsere okkulten Forschungen zeigen uns heute, dass in einer gewissen Weise auch äußerlich der Maitreya-Buddha nachleben wird das Leben des Christus. Wenn in alten Zeiten eine große Individualität als Lehrer der Menschheit aufgetreten ist, so zeigte sich das schon in früher Jugend in den besonderen Anlagen, in der Psychialität des betreffenden Kindes. Es gibt allerdings daneben schon immer eine andere Entwicklung, die so abläuft, dass man eine vollständige Umänderung der betreffenden Persönlichkeit in einem bestimmten Alter bemerkt. Es geschieht dann, wenn der Mensch bis zu einem gewissen Alter heranwächst, dass sein Ich aus seinen Leibeshüllen genommen wird und ein anderes Ich in seinen Körper eintritt. Das größte Beispiel dieser Art ist eben der Christus-Jesus selber, von dem im dreißigsten Jahre die Christus-Individualität Besitz ergreifen konnte.

Bei allen Verkörperungen des Bodhisattva, der der MaitreyaBuddha werden wird, hat sich gezeigt, dass er gerade in dieser Beziehung in dem Sinne des Christus leben wird. Bei allen Verkörperungen des Bodhisattva weiß man noch nicht, wenn das Kind heranwächst, auch wenn der Jüngling heranwächst, dass er ein Bodhisattva werden wird. Jedes Mal, wenn der Bodhisattva geboren wird, zeigt es sich, dass im dreißigsten bis einunddreißigsten Jahre eine andere Persönlichkeit von seinem Körper Besitz ergriffen hat. Es wird nie diesen Bodhisattva geben so, dass er sich schon in seiner frühsten Jugend in seiner Eigenschaft als Bodhisattva zeigt. Im dreißigsten bis zum einunddreißigsten Jahre wird er sich aber in noch ganz anderen Eigenschaften zeigen, weil eben eine andere Persönlichkeit Besitz von seinem Körper ergriffen hat. Die Individualitäten, die so Besitz ergreifen werden von der Persönlichkeit eines andern Menschen, sind Individualitäten, die in alten Zeiten gelebt haben und nicht als Kind erscheinen werden, Individualitäten wie Moses, Abraham, Ezechiel. So ist es auch in unserem Jahrhundert mit dem Bodhisattva, der später, in dreitausend Jahren, der Maitreya-Buddha sein wird. Es würde ein bloßer okkulter Dilettantismus sein, wenn man behaupten würde, dass dieser Maitreya schon in jungen Jahren als solcher erkennbar wäre. Zwischen dem dreißigsten und dreiunddreißigsten Jahre zeigt er sich erst durch seine eigene Kraft, ohne dass von andern auf ihn erst hingewiesen sein wird; durch eigene Kraft wird er überzeugen. Und man würde am besten erkennen, dass irgendwo nicht das Richtige getroffen worden sei, wenn man von einem jüngeren Menschen, der weniger als dreißig Jahre alt ist, sagen würde, dass in ihm der Bodhisattva sich zeige. Daran würde man gerade das Unrichtige erkennen. Solche Behauptungen sind ja immer wieder aufgestellt worden. Man braucht nur daran zu erinnern, dass im siebzehnten Jahrhundert eine Individualität auftrat, die behauptete, eine Inkarnation des Messias, des Christus, zu sein. Es ist die Persönlichkeit des Sabbatai Zewi, der im siebzehnten Jahrhundert aufgetreten ist, der sich für den Christus ausgab und zu dem tatsächlich eine große Menge Leute von ganz Europa, von Spanien, Italien, Frankreich bis Smyrna wallfahrte.

Es ist gewiss richtig, dass in unserer Zeit eine große Abneigung vorhanden ist, Menschengenien zu erkennen. Aber es ist umgekehrt auch eine große Bequemlichkeit vorhanden, die dahin geht, dass man gern bereit ist, auf die bloße Autorität hin diese oder jene Individualität als eine Größe anzuerkennen und gelten zu lassen. Wichtig ist, dass Theosophie heute so vertreten werde, dass sie möglichst wenig auf einen bloßen Autoritätsglauben sich stützt.

Viele von den Dingen, die ich heute gesagt habe, können nur mit Mitteln der okkulten Forschung kontrolliert werden. Aber ich fordere Sie auf, mir diese Dinge nicht zu glauben, sondern sie zu prüfen an alledem, was Sie aus dem Leben der Geschichte kennen, überhaupt an allem, was Sie erfahren können, und ich bin vollständig ruhig darüber, dass, je genauer Sie prüfen, desto genauer Sie sie bestätigt finden. Ich appelliere in der Zeit des Intellektualismus nicht an Ihren Autoritätsglauben, sondern an Ihre intellektuelle Prüfung. Und der Bodhisattva des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts wird auch nicht appellieren an irgendwelche Vorverkündiger, die ihn als Maitreya-Buddha proklamieren, sondern an die Kraft seines eigenen Wortes, und wird als Mensch allein in der Welt stehen.

Das könnten etwa die Worte sein, mit denen zusammengefasst werden kann dasjenige, was heute gesprochen worden ist: In unserer Menschheitsentwicklung wirken zwei Strömungen. Die eine ist die Weisheits- oder Buddha-Strömung, die höchste Lehre von Weisheit, Herzensgüte und Erdenfrieden. Dass diese Buddha-Lehre in alle Herzen wirksam einziehen könne, dazu ist der Christus-Impuls unerlässlich.

Die zweite ist die Christus-Strömung, welche hinaufführen wird die Menschheit von dem Intellektualismus über den Ästhetizismus zur Moralität. Und der größte Lehrer des Christus-Impulses wird immerzu sein der Nachfolger des Buddha, jener Bodhisattva, der sich immer wieder inkarniert und der zum Maitreya-Buddha wird nach dreitausend Jahren. Denn wahr ist dasjenige, was die orientalischen Urkunden sagen: dass genau nach fünftausend Jahren, nachdem der Gautama Buddha seine Erleuchtung unter dem Bodhibaum empfangen hat, der Maitreya-Buddha sich auf Erden zum letzten Mal verkörpern wird.

Die Reihe der Bodhisattvas und Buddhas hat nichts zu tun mit dem kosmischen Sein des Christus, und in dem Leibe des Jeshu ben Pandira war nicht der Christus inkarniert, sondern ein Bodhisattva. Christus ist nur einmal, und zwar nur drei Jahre hindurch, in einem physischen Leibe verkörpert gewesen, der Bodhisattva erscheint in jedem Jahrhundert wiederum bis zu seinem Maitreya-Buddha-Dasein.

So sehen wir, wie die Theosophie heute die Aufgabe hat, eine Synthesis der Religionen zu sein. Wir können die eine Form der Religion im Buddhismus zusammenfassen, die andere Form der Religion im Christentum. Und je mehr wir fortschreiten in der zukünftigen Menschheitsentwicklung, desto mehr werden die Religionen sich vereinigen, wie der Buddha und der Christus selber sich in unseren Herzen vereinigen.

Damit haben wir einen Ausblick gewonnen in die geistige Menschheitsentwicklung und eingesehen die Notwendigkeit des theosophischen Lebens, die eine Vorbereitung sein soll für das Verständnis dessen, was in der fortschreitenden Kultur sich entwickelt, um eine Einsicht zu bekommen in das, was in der Menschheitsevolution geschieht.

Buddha and Christ. The Sphere of the Bodhisattvas

My dear Theosophical friends!

At this hour, I would like to speak to you about facts that belong specifically to the moral and ethical world and that are suited to placing the mission of Theosophy in our time before our souls.

We are all imbued with the great truth of the doctrine of reincarnation, the repetition of earthly lives, and we must realize that this repetition of our earthly lives has a good purpose in the development of our Earth. When we ask ourselves, “Why do we repeat this earthly life?”, occult research gives us the answer that in successive earthly epochs we always experience different things on the earthly plane when we reappear on this plane. Our souls experienced something different in the incarnations that immediately followed the great Atlantean catastrophe, something different in pre-Christian times, and they are experiencing something different in our time.

I would just like to mention briefly that in the times that followed the great Atlantean catastrophe, our souls had a certain elemental clairvoyance in the bodies of that time. This clairvoyance, which was natural to people in earlier times, has gradually been lost. And the age that has taken most of the powers of ancient clairvoyance from people is the Greco-Roman cultural epoch, the fourth cultural epoch in the post-Atlantean period. Since that time, human beings have developed in such a way that they make great progress outwardly on the physical plane and gradually regain their clairvoyant powers toward the end of the present post-Atlantean epoch.

We are now living in the fifth post-Atlantean cultural epoch. We count the ancient Indian epoch as the first post-Atlantean cultural epoch, the ancient Persian epoch as the second, the Chaldean-Babylonian epoch as the third, and the Roman-Greek epoch as the fourth. We ourselves are in the fifth cultural epoch. Our epoch will be followed by a sixth and seventh cultural epoch. Then another great catastrophe will come upon the earth, similar to the catastrophe of the Atlantean epoch.

Based on occult research, we can now identify a main characteristic of human development for each of these cultural epochs, for the fifth, sixth, and seventh post-Atlantean cultural epochs. In our fifth post-Atlantean cultural epoch, the main characteristic of human evolution is intellectual development, the development of the intellect. In the sixth, which will follow ours, the main characteristic of human development will be that people's souls will have very specific feelings toward what is moral and what is immoral. Feelings of sympathy, compassionate and benevolent actions, and antipathy toward those who are malicious will be expressed in a particularly refined manner, to an extent that we cannot even imagine at present.

This sixth epoch will be followed by the seventh cultural epoch, in which moral life will be even more profound. While in the sixth cultural epoch people will take pleasure in good and noble actions, in the seventh cultural epoch such pleasure will also be accompanied by a moral impulse, that is, the desire to do what is moral. There is still a great difference between taking pleasure in a moral action and doing what is moral. So we can say: Our cultural epoch is the cultural epoch of intelligence, of the intellect, and it will be followed by the cultural epoch that can be called the cultural epoch of aesthetic pleasure in the good and aesthetic displeasure in the evil, and the seventh will be the epoch of active moral life.

For everything that will now enter into humanity in future cultural epochs, the seeds are now contained in the human soul, and we can say that all these dispositions that human beings have—intellectual dispositions, dispositions toward sympathies and antipathies for moral actions, dispositions toward moral impulses—are related to the higher worlds. Every moral action is related in some way to the higher worlds. Our intellectual predispositions are related in a supersensible way to what we call the astral plane. Our sympathies and antipathies for good and evil are related to what we call the lower devachanic plane. And the world of moral impulses in the soul is related to the higher devachanic plane. So we can also say: In our time, the forces of the astral world are intervening in the human soul; in the sixth cultural epoch, the forces of the lower Devachan plane will intervene more in the human soul, and in the seventh cultural epoch, the forces of the higher Devachan plane will intervene particularly in our humanity.

You will see from this that it is understandable that in the previous fourth, the Roman-Greek cultural epoch, it was primarily the forces of the physical plane that intervened in the human soul. This is why, for example, Greek culture created such wonderful plastic works of art, through which it expressed the human form on the outer physical plane in the most exquisite way. This is also why people in that time were particularly suited to experience the being we call the Christ being on the physical plane in a human body. In our cultural epoch, the fifth, which will last until the fourth millennium, souls will gradually become capable of experiencing the Christ being on the astral plane, and on the astral plane, the Christ being will already become visible to humanity in our epoch, beginning in the twentieth century, in an etheric form as it was visible in physical form on the physical plane in the fourth epoch.

In order to understand this entire cultural development toward which our souls are heading, it is helpful to examine more deeply the characteristics of our souls in the following incarnations. Today, in our more intellectual period, intellectuality and morality stand quite side by side for all souls. Today, someone can be a very intelligent person and yet immoral; conversely, one can be very moral and not very intelligent at all.

In the fourth cultural epoch, a people prophetically foresaw this juxtaposition of morality and intellectuality, and this people was the ancient Hebrew people. Therefore, the members of the ancient Hebrew people sought to create an artificial harmony between morality and intellectuality, whereas, for example, the Greeks had a more natural harmony at that time. Today, we can see from the documents of the Akashic Records how the leaders of the ancient Hebrew people sought to establish this harmony between morality and intellectuality. They had symbols that they knew so well that when they looked at these symbols in a certain way and allowed them to work on them, a certain harmony could be established between what is good, what is moral, and what is wise. The priestly leaders of the ancient Hebrew people wore these symbols on their chests. The symbol for morality was called Urim, and the symbol for wisdom was called Tummim.

If the Hebrew priest wanted to find an action that was both good and wise, he would let the Urim and Thummim work on him in a meaningful way, and as these two symbols worked, a certain artificial harmony between morality and intellectuality could be evoked in him. The fact was that these symbols actually exerted magical effects and established a magical connection with the spiritual world.

We now have the task of gradually achieving in later incarnations, through the inner development of the soul, what was once brought about by these artificial symbols.

And now let us consider the stages of development through the fifth, sixth, and seventh post-Atlantean cultural epochs in order to see how intellectuality, aestheticism, and morality will affect our souls.

While in our time, the fifth cultural epoch, our intellectuality can be preserved even if we do not take pleasure in moral action, this will be quite different in the sixth cultural epoch. In the sixth cultural epoch, that is, from about the third millennium onwards, immorality will have a paralyzing effect on intellectuality. Those who are intellectual but immoral will reduce their intellectuality to a twilight state with the development of immorality. And this will become increasingly significant in the future evolution of humanity, so that people who are not moral will not acquire intellectuality, because this will only be possible through moral actions. And in the seventh post-Atlantean cultural epoch, there will be no people who can be intelligent and not moral. It is now good to consider a little the forces of morality in the individual human souls in their present incarnations. Why can human beings become immoral in our development? Let us raise this question. It stems from the fact that, in their successive incarnations, human beings have descended further and further into the physical world and have therefore received more and more impulses directed solely toward the physical sensory world.

Today, the more impulses from the descending cycle act upon the soul, the more immoral it is. This fact can be directly proven by a very interesting research result of occultism.

You know that when a person passes through the gate of death, they shed their physical and etheric bodies and, for a short time after death, have something like a review of their entire earthly life. Then follows a period of a kind of sleep state. And after a few months or years, the human being awakens on the astral plane, in Kamaloka. This awakening is followed by the Kamaloka life, which consists of reliving our earthly life at three times the speed. And at the beginning of Kamaloka life, a very significant event occurs for every human being. For most people in Europe, or in the newer cultural epoch in general, this event takes place in such a way that at the beginning of Kamaloka life, a spiritual individuality shows us everything we have done selfishly in our last life, like a list of all our sins. The more vividly you imagine this process, the more accurately you will understand it: as if, at the beginning of Kamaloka life, a figure really wanted to present itself to us with a record of our physical life.

This is now the important fact, which of course cannot be further proven because it can only be proven through occult experience, that most people who belong to European education recognize Moses in this figure. This is a fact that has always been known in Rosicrucian research since the Middle Ages and has been confirmed by very subtle research in recent years.

You can see from this that at the beginning of Kamaloka life, human beings feel a very great responsibility toward the pre-Christian powers for what has pulled them down. And in occult life, the individuality of Moses actually appears as the one who demands accountability for the injustice that is happening in our time.

Those powers, those forces that pull human beings back up into the spiritual world, are divided into two types: those that pull them up on the path of wisdom, and those that pull them up on the path of morality. Now, those forces that primarily bring about intellectual progress all originate from a significant individuality known to all of you from the fourth post-Atlantean cultural epoch. Namely, the impulse for the wise development of the soul originates from Gautama Buddha. It is remarkable that occult research teaches us that the most penetrating and important thoughts that have been thought in our cultural epoch originated with Gautama Buddha. This is all the more remarkable because in the West, until Schopenhauer, the name of Gautama Buddha was almost unknown. But this is very understandable, because Gautama Buddha ascended from the dignity of bodhisattva to the dignity of Buddha at the time when he was the king's son of Suddhodana, and becoming a Buddha means that the individuality in question is no longer incarnated in a physical body on earth.

In fact, it is also true that the individuality that became Buddha from Bodhisattva five to six centuries before the beginning of our calendar no longer incarnated in a physical body and can no longer incarnate in a physical body. Instead, it sends forces down from the higher worlds, from the supersensible worlds, and inspires all those bearers of culture who have not yet been permeated by the Christ impulse. An awareness of this was present in a beautiful legend written down by John of Damascus in the eighth century, which became famous throughout Europe in the Middle Ages. It is the legend of Barlaam and Josaphat, which shows us how the successor of Buddha — Josaphat is phonetically the same name as Bodhisattva — was taught by Barlaam about the Christian impulses. This legend, which has since been forgotten, tells us that the successor to the Bodhisattva was taught by a representative of Christianity, Barlaam, and it seeks to show that the Bodhisattva who followed Gautama Buddha did indeed take the Christian impulses into his own soul life. And so it is. For the second impulse that continues to work in human evolution, apart from the Buddha impulse, is the Christ impulse, and this impulse is the one that will correspond to the ascent of humanity to morality in the future. Therefore, we can say that although the Buddha's teaching is a moral teaching in a special sense, it is precisely a moral teaching, whereas the Christ impulse is not a teaching but a force. It works as a moral force that increasingly shapes itself in such a way that it truly permeates humanity with morality.

In the fourth post-Atlantean cultural epoch, this Christ being, who descended from cosmic heights, first had to manifest itself in the physical body. In our fifth cultural epoch, the intellectual forces will then become so concentrated that human beings will be able to see Christ not as a physical being but as an etheric form. This event is already beginning in our century, the twentieth century. From the thirtieth or fortieth year of this century, individual people will appear who have developed their individual lives in such a way that they will see the etheric form of Christ, just as they saw the physical Christ at the time of Jesus of Nazareth. And in the next three millennia, more and more people will come who will see this etheric Christ, until, approximately three millennia after our time, a sufficient number of people on earth will no longer need the Gospels or other documents, because they will have seen Christ in their souls.

We must therefore be clear that in the fourth post-Atlantean epoch, human beings were only capable of seeing the physical Christ, which is why he came in physical form. In our epoch, up until the third millennium, human beings will gradually become capable of seeing the etheric Christ, which is why he will never again come in physical form. If we now bear in mind that today, when a person enters Kamaloka and is called to account by a morally active figure, Moses, who is increasingly connected with the Christ impulse, we will understand how what I describe as a transformation of the figure of Moses will take place. What does Moses show us when he stands before us with the register of our sins? He shows us what stands on one side, on the wrong side, of our karma. It is indeed important for a soul of our time that, through the inspiration of Buddhism, the doctrine of karma can be understood, but that the reality of karma after death is shown to us through the Old Testament figure of Moses. As souls become more and more permeated with the supersensible Christ, the transformation of the figure of Moses into that of Christ Jesus will take place after death. This means nothing other than that our karma comes into connection with Christ, and Christ grows together with our own karma.

It is very interesting to observe that karma, in the sense of the Buddha's teaching, is an abstract thing. This karma of Buddhism has something impersonal about it. In the future of human incarnations, Christ will increasingly grow together with karma: our karma will take on something essential, something viable.

Our earlier stages of development, our past lives, can be summed up well in the words: Ex deo nascimur. If we shape our development in such a way that after death we encounter Christ instead of Moses, with whom our karma then grows together, this is expressed by the Christian Rosicrucian movement, which has existed since the thirteenth century, with the words: In Christo morimur.

Just as one can only become a Buddha on the physical plane, so the human soul can only acquire the ability to meet Christ in death on the physical plane. A Buddha is first a Bodhisattva, but he ascends to Buddhahood in physical incarnation, and then he no longer needs to come to earth. The understanding of Christ, as we have now explained it, can only be acquired on the physical plane. To make this possible, in the next three millennia, people will have to acquire the ability to see the supersensible Christ in the physical world, and that is what theosophical life is for. That is its mission: to see the conditions that bring about understanding of Christ on the physical plane, so that we can then see Christ.

Whether we are in a physical body or between death and rebirth during the time when Christ intervenes in humanity as the etheric Christ is irrelevant if we have acquired the ability to see him here. Let us assume, for example, that a person dies early and is therefore unable to see Christ in his present etheric embodiment. If he has acquired the understanding for this here, he will nevertheless be able to see Christ between death and rebirth. Those who are far removed from spiritual life and do not acquire an understanding of Christ will remain far from Christ-knowledge until the next life, when they will then acquire it.

What has now been said shows you that with the progress of humanity in the three cultural epochs, the fifth, sixth, and seventh, the Christ impulse will increasingly dominate the earth. Now, when it has been said that in the sixth cultural epoch intellectuality will be inhibited by immorality, we must also realize that those who have paralyzed their intellectuality through immorality must turn with all their strength to Christ in order to be raised to morality through him. Moral strength can give this.

What I have told you has been researched in particular detail since the thirteenth century, since the Rosicrucians came into being, but it is also a truth that some occultists have known throughout the ages.

If one were to claim that the physical Christ event, the appearance of Christ in a physical body, could take place twice on earth, one would be claiming the same thing in the occult as if one were to say that a scale works better when it is supported at two points instead of one. In truth, the three-year life of Christ, who walked on earth for three years in the body of Jesus of Nazareth, is the same as the center of gravity of earth's development. And just as a scale can only have one fulcrum, so too can the evolution of the earth have only one center of gravity.

The teaching of moral evolution is one thing, and the impulse toward this moral evolution itself is another.

Even before the events at Golgotha took place, the successor to Buddha, the later Bodhisattva, was there to prepare for these events and to teach within his circle. The Bodhisattva who followed Buddha was, for example, incarnated in the personality of Jeshu ben Pandira a century before the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. We must therefore distinguish between the Jeshu ben Pandira incarnation of the Bodhisattva who followed Gautama Buddha, a century before our era, and that of Jesus of Nazareth at the beginning of our era, who spent three years of his life imbued with the cosmic being we call Christ.

That Bodhisattva who was in Jeshu ben Pandira and was also reincarnated in other personalities always returns until, in three thousand years, he ascends to Buddhahood and experiences his last incarnation as Maitreya Buddha. That individuality which was the Christ individuality was only three years on earth, in the body of Jesus of Nazareth, and will not return in a physical body; only in the fifth cultural epoch in the etheric body, in the sixth cultural epoch in the astral body, and again in the seventh cultural period in a great cosmic I, which is like a great group soul of humanity. When a human being dies, his physical body, his etheric body, and his astral body fall away from him, and his ego passes on to the next incarnation. But it is exactly the same with the planet Earth. That which is physical on our Earth falls away at the end of the Earth period, and the totality of all human beings, of human souls, passes over into Jupiter, into the next planetary state of the Earth. From the stages of development it will have reached, it passes on to the next stage of Earth's development, the Jupiter existence. And just as the human ego is the center of the individual human being's further development, so afterwards, for the whole of humanity, it is the Christ ego, the ego lowered into their astral and etheric bodies, that continues on to animate the Jupiter existence in the following planetary development.

We see, then, how Christ, having descended to Earth, starting from a physical-earthly human being, gradually develops as an etheric, then as an astral, then as the I-Christ, in order to be the spirit of the Earth as the I-Christ, who then rises with all human beings to higher stages.

What are we doing now by teaching theosophy today? We do what the Eastern teachings so clearly proclaimed when the Bodhisattva, who was the son of King Suddhodana, ascended to become the Buddha. The Eastern teachings were clear at that time that the next Bodhisattva, who would become the Buddha, had to spread the teachings throughout the world that would show Christ to people in the right way. Thus, the next Bodhisattva, who continued to incarnate in Jeshu ben Pandira and others, became the teacher of the Christ impulse. And the legend indicates this very well in the Barlaam and Josaphat story, in which Barlaam, the Christian teacher, is taught by Josaphat, that is, the Bodhisattva. The Eastern occult teachings therefore call this Bodhisattva the bringer of good: Maitreya Buddha. And we know from occult research that this Maitreya Buddha will have such power of speech that people today cannot even imagine it. Today, we can see clairvoyantly in the higher worlds how Maitreya Buddha will teach after three thousand years. We could also explain many of his teachings in symbolic drawings. However, we do not yet have the opportunity to do so because humanity is not yet ready to hear the words that Maitreya Buddha will speak.

The Gautama Buddha gave great intellectual teachings on right speech, right teaching, right thinking, and so on in the eightfold path; the Maitreya Buddha will have words that, through their magical power, will immediately become moral impulses in people who hear them. And if there were a John the Evangelist for him, he would have to speak differently than John the Evangelist spoke of Christ. There it says, “And the Word became flesh”; the John the Evangelist of Maitreya Buddha would have to say, “And the flesh became Word.”

What comes from the lips of the Maitreya Buddha will be permeated in a wonderful way by the powerful force of Christ. Our occult research shows us today that, in a certain sense, the Maitreya Buddha will also live on outwardly in the life of Christ. In ancient times, when a great individuality appeared as a teacher of humanity, this was already evident in early youth in the special aptitudes and psychic nature of the child concerned. However, there has always been another development alongside this, which proceeds in such a way that a complete transformation of the personality concerned can be observed at a certain age. When a person reaches a certain age, their ego is taken out of their physical body and another ego enters their body. The greatest example of this is Christ Jesus himself, in whom the Christ individuality was able to take possession in his thirtieth year.

In all incarnations of the Bodhisattva who will become the Maitreya Buddha, it has been shown that he will live in the spirit of Christ in this particular respect. In all incarnations of the Bodhisattva, even when the child grows up, even when the young man grows up, it is not yet known that he will become a Bodhisattva. Each time the Bodhisattva is born, it becomes apparent that between the ages of thirty and thirty-one, a different personality has taken possession of his body. There will never be a Bodhisattva who reveals himself as such in his earliest youth. Between the ages of thirty and thirty-one, however, he will reveal himself in completely different characteristics, because another personality has taken possession of his body. The individualities that will take possession of the personality of another human being are individualities that lived in ancient times and will not appear as children, individualities such as Moses, Abraham, Ezekiel. So it is in our century with the Bodhisattva who will later, in three thousand years, become the Maitreya Buddha. It would be mere occult dilettantism to claim that this Maitreya would be recognizable as such at a young age. Between the ages of thirty and thirty-three, he will reveal himself through his own power, without anyone pointing him out; he will convince through his own power. And one would best recognize that something was not right if one were to say that a younger person, less than thirty years old, was the Bodhisattva. That would be precisely how one would recognize that something was wrong. Such claims have been made time and again. One need only recall that in the seventeenth century an individual appeared who claimed to be an incarnation of the Messiah, of Christ. It was the personality of Sabbatai Zevi, who appeared in the seventeenth century, who claimed to be Christ, and to whom large crowds of people from all over Europe, from Spain, Italy, France, and Smyrna, actually made pilgrimages.

It is certainly true that in our time there is a great aversion to recognizing human geniuses. But conversely, there is also a great tendency to be willing to recognize and accept this or that individuality as a great figure on the basis of mere authority. It is important that theosophy today be represented in such a way that it relies as little as possible on a mere belief in authority.

Many of the things I have said today can only be verified by means of occult research. But I urge you not to believe these things, but to test them against everything you know from the life of history, against everything you can experience, and I am completely confident that the more closely you examine them, the more closely you will find them to be true. In this age of intellectualism, I appeal not to your belief in authority, but to your intellectual examination. And the Bodhisattva of the twentieth century will not appeal to any heralds who proclaim him as Maitreya Buddha, but to the power of his own words, and will stand alone in the world as a human being.

These words could summarize what has been said today: Two currents are at work in the development of humanity. One is the wisdom or Buddha current, the highest teaching of wisdom, kindness, and peace on earth. The Christ impulse is indispensable for this Buddha teaching to take effect in all hearts.

The second is the Christ stream, which will lead humanity upward from intellectualism, through aestheticism, to morality. And the greatest teacher of the Christ impulse will always be the successor of the Buddha, that Bodhisattva who incarnates again and again and who will become the Maitreya Buddha after three thousand years. For it is true what the Eastern documents say: that exactly five thousand years after Gautama Buddha received his enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, the Maitreya Buddha will incarnate on earth for the last time.

The series of Bodhisattvas and Buddhas has nothing to do with the cosmic being of Christ, and it was not Christ who was incarnated in the body of Jeshu ben Pandira, but a Bodhisattva. Christ was incarnated only once, for only three years, in a physical body, while the Bodhisattva appears again in every century until his existence as Maitreya Buddha.

Thus we see how theosophy today has the task of being a synthesis of religions. We can summarize one form of religion in Buddhism and another form of religion in Christianity. And the more we progress in the future development of humanity, the more religions will unite, just as Buddha and Christ themselves unite in our hearts.

We have thus gained an insight into the spiritual development of humanity and understood the necessity of theosophical life, which is to be a preparation for understanding what is developing in the advancing culture, in order to gain insight into what is happening in human evolution.