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Cosmic Ego and Human Ego
GA 130

9 January 1912, Munich

Translated by Frances E. Dawson

It is necessary that we speak somewhat further this evening concerning the nature of Christ Jesus. This necessity arises from the fact that at the present time there is much discussion of this subject, especially in Theosophical circles, and on that account the need confronts us in a very real sense to come to complete clarity upon many a point in this domain.

Today we shall have to discuss an aspect of the question which to many may perhaps appear somewhat strange, but it is very important nevertheless. We shall start with the evolution of man. We know, of course, that this has progressed in such a way that the whole of humanity within our Earth evolution passes through certain cyclic epochs. And we have often spoken of the fact that we can distinguish five cultural periods, up to and including our time, since that great catastrophe which we call the Atlantean catastrophe, through which life on the old Atlantean continent was transformed into life on the new continents—that is, our life. We speak of the first, the ancient Indian cultural epoch; of the second, the great ancient Persian epoch; of the third, the Egypto-Chaldaic-Babylonian; and of the fourth, the Greco-Latin, which, for a more comprehensive world view, only receded, let us say, between the eighth and the twelfth Christian century; and then we speak of our own, the present, the fifth post-Atlantean epoch, since 1413.

Now, human souls—hence the souls of all of you sitting here—have gone through various incarnations in these successive cultural epochs up to the present time, one soul in many embodiments, another in a relatively smaller number. These souls, according to the characteristics of the epochs, appropriated this or that from their experiences, brought it with them from the earlier into the later incarnations, and then appeared as souls at a stage of development dependent upon what they had previously experienced in the different cultural epochs.

But now we can also speak of the fact that, of the various members of man's nature, generally one or another, but usually a definite member, was formed and developed in each cultural epoch—but note well that this was only generally the case. Thus, we can say that if human beings permit to work upon them all that our epoch of civilization can give, they are especially called in our time to develop what in our spiritual scientific movement we call the consciousness soul; whereas, during the Greco-Latin epoch the intellectual or rational soul was preeminently developed; during the Egypto-Chaldean-Babylonian epoch, the sentient soul; during the ancient Persian, the sentient or astral body; and in the old Indian, what we call the etheric or life body. These various members of man's nature have come to their corresponding development in connection with individual souls passing through these cultural epochs, in one or, in most cases, in several incarnations. And in that epoch which will follow our own as the sixth post-Atlantean epoch, that member will be especially developed which we characterize as Spirit-Self, and which in theosophical literature has been designated Manas; and in the last, the seventh post-Atlantean epoch, that which we characterize as Life-Spirit, and which in Theosophical literature is called Budhi; while Spirit-Man, or Atma, is to be evolved only in a far distant future, after another catastrophe.

And so in the present and the near future, we are in the midst of the development through our environment, through the normal conditions of our civilization, of what is called the Consciousness Soul.

But now we know that this entire development of the human being, this evolution of the individual soul members as we differentiate them, is essentially bound up with something else—is essentially bound up with the gradual incorporation of the human ego. For this incorporation of the human ego into the nature of man is the whole mission of the Earth evolution. So we have, as it were, two intermingling evolutionary streams, in that we must go through the Earth evolution, following that of Saturn, Sun and Moon, and that as earth humanity we bring to development especially this fourth member, the Ego, and join this Ego to the other principal members of human nature, upon which preparatory work was done earlier: namely, the physical body, the etheric body, and the astral body. You must now distinguish this great, most important evolutionary stream, which is connected with the great embodiments of our earth planet itself, from the smaller evolutionary stream, which I have previously characterized as playing its part within so short a time as the post-Atlantean period.

No one who has understood the matter up to this point should ask the question: Then how does it happen that man had already developed the etheric or life body, on the old Sun, and that now a special development of the same body should take place during the ancient Indian epoch? Anyone who has understood really should not ask this question; for the facts are these: To be sure, preliminary work was done upon the etheric or life-body during the old Sun; man came upon the earth already in possession of an etheric body. But this body can now be more finely formed; it can be worked upon by the later members which man has developed. So that naturally man's etheric body is at a relatively high stage when he is incarnated in an ancient Indian body, but in this post-Atlantean period he works upon his etheric body with the ego which he has acquired—with all that the human being has meanwhile gained for himself, he works upon it and refines it. And it is essentially a refining of the various members of man's nature which takes place in our post-Atlantean period.

If you now take the entire evolution and consider what has just been said, the fourth post-Atlantean epoch, the Greco-Latin, will appear to you quite especially important; for what we call the Rational or Intellectual Soul had then to be worked upon and brought to a more refined form within the human being. But by that time the Ego, which belongs to the greater evolutionary stream, had already undergone a particularly high development. So we can say that up to the fourth post-Atlantean period, the Greco-Latin time, this ego of man had evolved to a certain stage, and it was incumbent upon it then to work upon the Rational or Intellectual Soul; and in our time upon the Consciousness Soul.

You see in a certain sense there now exists an intimate relationship between the human ego and the three members of man's soul nature: the sentient soul, the rational or intellectual soul, and the consciousness soul. Chiefly within these three members the human ego lives its inner life; and in our fifth post-Atlantean epoch it lives in the consciousness soul, and will live most deeply in it, because in the consciousness soul the pure ego can come to expression quite unhindered, so to speak, by the other members. Indeed we live in our time in an epoch in which this ego has the great and special mission of developing itself, of building upon itself.

If we take a sort of prophetic glance into the future, at what is to come, if we say that man will develop the Spirit-Self, or Manas, in the next, the sixth post-Atlantean epoch, then we recognize that Spirit-Self, or Manas, really lies above the sphere of the ego. As matter of fact, man could not in this future develop the Spirit-Self out of his own forces; but if he is to develop his Spirit-Self, he must be helped in a certain way by that which flows to the earth through the forces of higher Beings. Man has come to that stage in the evolution of his ego where, out of his own forces, he really can develop only up to the consciousness soul; but this development would not be complete if he should not anticipate in a certain sense that which will reach its true, complete, self-impelled human evolution only upon Jupiter, the next embodiment of our planet. Up to the end of the Earth evolution man should develop his ego; and he will have had opportunity to accomplish this development within the sentient, intellectual, and consciousness souls. But the actual Spirit-Self is to become the human possession only upon Jupiter; only there will it become the fitting human endowment. On Jupiter man will have about the same relation to the Spirit-Self that he has to the ego on earth. If then the human being develops the Spirit-Self during the earth-period, he cannot relate himself to it as to the ego. Of our ego we say: We ourself are that; it is ourself in reality. When in the next epoch, the sixth post-Atlantean, the Spirit-Self shall have come to expression, then we shall not be able to address this Spirit-Self as ourself; but we shall say: Our ego has developed to a certain stage, so that our Spirit-Self can shine into it, as from higher worlds, as a kind of Angel Being, which we ourselves are not, but which shines into us and takes possession of us. Thus will our Spirit-Self appear to us; and only upon Jupiter will it appear as our own being, as our ego now is. Human evolution moves forward in this way.

Hence, in the next, the sixth post-Atlantean epoch, we shall feel as if drawn upward to something which shines into us. We shall not say: Thou Spirit-Self within me ... but we shall say: I, partaker in a Being who shines into me from upper worlds, who directs and leads me, who, through the grace of higher beings, has become my guide! ... That which will come to us only upon Jupiter as our very own, we shall feel in the sixth epoch as a kind of guide shining upon us from the higher worlds ... And thus it will be later with the Life-Spirit, or Budhi, with the Spirit-Man, and so on ... So a time will come when man will speak of himself otherwise than he does now. How does one speak of himself now when he speaks in the sense of spiritual science? He says: I have three sheaths, my physical body, my etheric body, and my astral body. Within these I have my ego, the essential earth possession, which is evolving within these three sheaths. These sheaths are, as it were, my lower nature; I have grown beyond it, I look down to this, my lower nature; and I see in what my ego has become a preparatory stage of my own being, which will grow and evolve further and further ... In the future man will have to speak otherwise; then he will say: I have not only my lower nature and my ego, but I have a higher nature, to which I look up as to something which is a part of me in the same way as my sheaths, which I have from earlier stages ... So in the future the human being will feel that he is placed midway, so to speak, between his lower and his higher nature. The lower nature he already knows now; the higher will in the future appear as if standing above him, just as now the lower is below him. So we may say that man grows from his fourth to his fifth, sixth and seventh principles during the Earth evolution, but his fifth, sixth and seventh principles will not be his direct possession during the actual Earth evolution, but something to which he will gradually attain. The matter must actually be conceived in this way.

We shall have to experience a time when we shall say: Certainly it was our earth mission to develop our ego. But with prophetic anticipation we see something which is to come to development in us on Jupiter. What we are now experiencing during our Earth evolution: namely, that we permeate ourselves, so to speak, with a human ego nature; and that during the past earth-time up to the present we have developed a finer fashioning of our lower principles; and that we shall perfect the higher principles in the future—all that we as human beings experience on earth, more advanced beings whom we designate as Angels, or Angeloi, experienced upon earlier planetary embodiments. But also the higher members of the Hierarchy, the Archangels, or Archangeloi, and the Archai, have had this experience upon the earlier embodiments of our earth planet, upon Moon, Sun and Saturn. For them also there was at that time a kind of fourth member which they developed; and then in the second half of the corresponding planetary embodiments, they anticipated that which actually is to come to full development in them upon the earth, as with us the Spirit-Self will come to development on Jupiter. They had not at that time fully embodied it within themselves as their possession, but they looked up to it.

If in the first place we look back to the old Moon evolution, we must speak of beings who during that time should have reached their seventh principle, in exactly the same way that we human beings during the Earth evolution come to the seventh principle—that is, not to embody it completely, but to look up to it. When we speak of Luciferic beings, we refer to those who during the old Moon evolution remained in the condition in which a man would be who, during the Earth evolution, had not brought to full development his fifth, sixth and seventh principles, but had turned aside from such development; who perhaps had stopped with the fourth or with the fifth. That is, those beings who were at the very diverse stages of Luciferic beings were not fully evolved. So we can say that human beings came over from the old Moon evolution to Earth evolution. They came over in such a way that those who completed the Moon evolution brought with them a normal development: their physical body, etheric or life body, and astral body; and on the earth, quite properly, they should develop the ego, into which they should then take up the other principles. Other beings who stand higher than man should already have developed on the Moon what for them corresponds to the human ego. But they could have brought this Moon ego to full development only if they had anticipated what for them would be fifth, sixth and seventh principles, of which they should have fully developed the fifth on earth. They should have reached their seventh principle; but these Luciferic beings did not do so. They barely evolved the fifth or sixth; and thus did not stop with the fourth, but they did not bring the fourth to full development, because they did not anticipate the fifth, sixth and seventh principles, but stopped with the fifth or sixth.

We distinguish then two classes of these Moon beings: First, those who had developed only their fifth principle, so that they were as we human beings would be if we should develop the Spirit-Self in the sixth post-Atlantean epoch, and then stop, and not develop the sixth and seventh principles. Let us keep in mind this one class, who as Luciferic beings had developed their fifth principle; and then note another class of Moon beings of the Luciferic sort who had developed their sixth principle but not their seventh. There were such at the beginning of the Earth evolution, when man began the development of his ego. So we can ask: What was the situation as regards these beings at the beginning of the Earth evolution? There were beings there who eagerly expected to develop their sixth principle during the Earth evolution, beings of a Luciferic kind, who upon the Moon had evolved only as far as their fifth principle and wished to develop their sixth upon the earth. And there were beings of the second class, who had already developed their sixth principle on the Moon, and who wished to develop their seventh on the earth. They expected that of the Earth evolution. Then there was man, who came over with three principles, to develop his fourth.

So we can distinguish human beings waiting for opportunity to develop their ego, Luciferic beings expecting to evolve their sixth principle, and the Luciferic beings who would evolve their seventh. We shall disregard those who were ready to develop their fifth, but there were such.

Now you see we have distinguished three classes, so to speak, of microcosmic earth beings, three classes of beings who arrived upon the scene of Earth evolution. Of the three classes, however, only one could win a physical body for itself on the earth; for the conditions which the earth presents for the development of a physical fleshly body can be furnished only in conformity with its entire earthly relationship to a fourth human principle. Only that being could acquire a physical body for himself who wished to develop his fourth principle as ego. The other beings, who wished to develop a sixth and a seventh principle, could not get physical bodies for themselves. For there is no possibility on the earth for the direct acquisition of physical human bodies for beings who come into this Earth evolution so unadapted to it. The possibility does not exist for the direct acquisition of such a physical body. What did these beings have to do? They had to say to themselves: Of course we cannot have direct access to a human physical body consisting of flesh and bones, for such bodies are for human beings who wish to develop their ego. Hence we must take refuge in a kind of substitute physical body; we must search for human beings who belong to the most highly developed, that is, those who have evolved, let us say, their fourth principle. We must creep into these human beings, and in them our nature must work in such a way that they will be enabled to form their sixth or seventh principle ... The consequence of this was that among the ordinary human beings of ancient times some appeared who could be possessed by higher Luciferic beings. These naturally stood higher than man, since they were to form their sixth or seventh principle, and man only his fourth. Such higher beings of a Luciferic kind went about on the earth in earthly human bodies. They were the leaders of earth humanity; they knew and understood much more, and could do much more than other men. We are given accounts of these beings in ancient tales and legends, and it is told of them that here and there they were founders of great cities, were great leaders of peoples, and so on. They were not merely normal men upon earth, but they were men who were possessed by such higher beings of a Luciferic sort—possessed in the best sense of the word. We can only understand human earth evolution when we take account of such things.

But especially the less highly evolved of these beings, because they cannot get human bodies for themselves, are always trying to continue their evolution in the bodies of human beings. And that is just what we have been able to characterize. Luciferic beings always had the longing to continue their evolution in the way described, by possessing human beings; and they are still doing that today. Lucifer and his hosts work in the human soul; we are the stage for the Luciferic evolution. While we human beings simply take the human earthly body in order to develop ourselves, these Luciferic beings take us and develop themselves in us. And that is the temptation of human beings, that the Luciferic spirits work in them.

But meanwhile these Luciferic spirits have advanced, just as human beings have advanced; so that very many of them who, let us say, when man entered upon the Atlantean time, stood on the threshold ready to evolve their sixth principle, are now already forming their seventh, although of course this evolution on the earth is abnormal. Such a spirit accomplishes this in the following way: He takes possession of a man, perhaps for only a few years, in order to make use of the experiences of this man, who on his part is thus furthering his own evolution. This is nothing evil in human nature; for since we can bring the consciousness soul to expression in our time, we can be possessed by Luciferic spirits who are evolving their seventh principle. What does a person become when he is possessed by such a lofty Luciferic spirit? A genius! But because as man he is possessed, and the real human nature is irradiated by this higher being, he is impractical for ordinary accomplishments, but works in some one realm as a pioneer and a leader.

One may not speak of the Luciferic spirit as if he were something altogether hateful; but because he develops himself as a parasite by entering the human being, he causes the man possessed by him and under his influence to work as a man of genius, as if inspired. So the Luciferic spirits are absolutely necessary, and the gifted men of earth are they in whom the Luciferic spirit is working diligently—generally only for a couple of years. If that were not the case, Eduard Schuré would not have been able to describe Lucifer sympathetically; 1Drama of Eduard Schuré: Die Kinder des Luzifer. Presented in German by members of the Anthroposophical Society, in the presence of the poet, Munich, 1909 and 1910. for Lucifer is actually assigned a share in the great cultural progress of the earth, and it is narrow-mindedness in traditional Christianity to see in the Luciferic being only the wicked devil—this signifies nothing less than gross Philistinism ... “Nature is sin, Spirit is devil; they cherish between them Doubt, their deformed bastard child,” we read in Faust. Certainly it is fitting for the narrow, traditionally-formed Christianity to call Lucifer the devil, and to hate him; but he who has an understanding of human evolution knows that the Luciferic principle works in the genius. It is fitting for the spiritual scientist to look these things straight in the face. And we should have no inducement whatever to rise to our fifth and sixth principles, if these spirits did not push us forward. It is the Luciferic spirits to whom we really owe the forward thrust, given because they seek thereby their own evolution, and through which we ourselves are enabled to grow out beyond our ego. It is said trivially that poets and geniuses and artists grow above the narrowly confined human ego.

So we look up to the Luciferic spirits in a certain way as to leaders of men. We must free ourselves from narrowness, from all orthodox Christianity which calls Lucifer only a devil worthy of hatred. We must recognize the liberating character of the Luciferic principle, which has also been ordained by the good gods; for it drives us out beyond ourselves during the Earth evolution, so that we prophetically anticipate what will come to us as our own possession only during Jupiter, and so on. Thus there actually exists upon earth a reciprocal influence of microcosmic beings, who were present at the beginning of the Earth evolution—such a reciprocal influence that human beings are led forward, while they are developing their own ego, by beings related to them in such a way that it must be admitted that they are higher than man, for they have evolved their fifth principle and are developing their sixth, or are already evolving their seventh, while man is working only upon his fourth. So in these Luciferic beings we see superhuman beings—microcosmic superhuman beings.

And now we will turn aside from these spiritual beings whom we regard as Luciferic, and consider the nature of Christ.

The Christ is quite radically different from other beings who share in the Earth evolution. He is a Being of quite another order; He is a Being who remained behind, not only during the Moon evolution, as the Luciferic spirits did, but who, foreseeing the Moon evolution, actually remained behind still earlier, namely, during the old Sun evolution; and it was from a certain assured wisdom far above the human that He remained behind during the old Sun evolution. We cannot regard this Being as microcosmic in the sense which applies to the other beings we have been considering; for we have to regard as microcosmic beings those who were connected with this Earth evolution from its beginning. The Christ was not directly connected with the Earth evolution, but with the Sun evolution. He was a macrocosmic Being from the beginning of the Earth evolution on, a Being who was exposed to entirely different conditions of evolution from those of the microcosmic beings. And His evolutionary conditions were of a special sort; they were such that this macrocosmic Christ Being evolved the macrocosmic ego outside earthly conditions. For this Christ evolution it was normal to bring to ego-perfection, outside the earth, an ego of a macrocosmic sort, and then to descend to earth. And so for the evolution of the Christ Being it was normal, when He descended from the macrocosm to our earth, to bring into it the great impulse of the macrocosmic ego, in order that the microcosmic ego, the human ego, might take up this impulse, and be able to go forward in its evolution. It was normal for the Christ to have the macrocosmic ego-impulse—not the microcosmic ego-impulse—just as much evolved as man upon the earth had developed the microcosmic. Thus the Christ Being is a Being Who in a certain sense is like the human being, only that man is microcosmic and has brought his four principles to expression microcosmically, and hence has his ego also microcosmically as earth-ego—but the Christ as Cosmic Ego. His evolution was such that He was great and significant because of the perfect development of this ego, which He brought down to earth. And He had not the fifth macrocosmic principle, and not the sixth, for He will evolve these on Jupiter and on Venus, in order that He may give them to man.

The Christ, then, is a four-membered Being, including His macrocosmic ego, just as man himself is microcosmically a four-membered being. And as man during the earth time has as his mission the development of his ego, in order to be able to receive, so the Christ had to develop His Ego, in order to be able to give. When He descended to earth His whole being was employed in bringing His fourth principle to expression in the most perfect possible form. Now each macrocosmic principle has an inner relationship to the corresponding microcosmic principle; the fourth macrocosmic principle in the Christ corresponds to the fourth microcosmic principle in man, and the fifth in the Christ will correspond to the Spirit-Self in man.

Thus the Christ entered upon His earthly course in that He brought down to man out of the macrocosm what man was to evolve microcosmically—only the Christ brought it as a macrocosmic principle. He entered the earth evolution in such a way that during its course He would not have a fifth, sixth and seventh principle as His personal possession, just as man in his way does not possess them.

The Christ is a Being Who had evolved macrocosmically up to the fourth principle, and the evolution of His fourth principle during the earth course consists in His bestowing upon man everything which will enable him to evolve his ego.

If we take a complete survey, we have at the beginning of Earth evolution three classes of beings: human beings who were to bring their fourth principle to full development on earth; a class of Luciferic beings who were to evolve their sixth principle; and a class of Luciferic beings who were to develop their seventh principle—beings who, because they were ready to develop their sixth and seventh principles, stood higher than man,—in fact, ranged far above man in this respect. But they also ranged above Christ in this regard; for the Christ was to bring His fourth principle to expression on the earth, in devotion to humanity. It will not be the Christ, let us say, that will quicken man in the future to bring to expression something other than the true ego, the innermost human being—to reach ever higher and higher stages. It will be the Luciferic spirits who will lead man out beyond himself in a certain sense.

Anyone who looks at the matter superficially can say: “Of course then the Christ stands lower than, for example, the Luciferic spirits.” ... because the Christ came to earth with something which is fully related to man's fourth principle. For that reason He is not at all fitted to lead man above himself, but only more deeply into his own soul being; He is fitted to lead the individual soul-being of man more and more to itself. The Luciferic beings have evolved the fourth, fifth and sixth principles, and hence in a certain way stand higher than the Christ. Practically, that will work out in the future so that through the admission of the Christ principle into human nature, this human nature will become more and more deepened, will take up more and more light and love into its own being; so that the human being will have to feel Light and Love as belonging to his very self. The immeasurable deepening of the human soul—that will be the gift of the Christ Impulse, which will work on and on forever. And when the Christ shall come, as that coming has been represented in many lectures, then He will work only upon the deepening of human souls. The other spirits who have higher principles than the Christ, though only microcosmic principles, will in a certain sense lead man out beyond himself. The Christ will deepen the inner life of man, but also make him humble; the Luciferic spirits will lead man out beyond himself, and make him wise, clever, talented, but also in a certain sense haughty; will teach him that he might become something superhuman even during the Earth evolution. Everything, therefore, which in the future shall lead man to rise above himself, as it were, which will make him proud of his own human nature even here upon earth—that will be a Luciferic impulse; but what makes a man more deeply sincere, what brings his inner life to such depths as can come only through the complete development of the fourth principle—that comes from the Christ.

People who look at the matter superficially will say that Christ really stands lower than the Luciferic beings, for He has developed only the fourth principle, and the others, higher principles. Only the difference is that these other beings bring the higher principles as something parasitic, grafted upon human nature; but the Christ brings the fourth principle in such a way that it penetrates human nature, takes root within it, and fills it with power. As the fleshly body of Jesus of Nazareth was once permeated and empowered by the fourth macrocosmic principle, so will the bodies of those who take the Christ into themselves be permeated by the fourth macrocosmic principle. Just as the fourth macrocosmic principle is the gift of Christ, so will the sixth and the seventh principles be the gifts of the Luciferic spirits. So that in the future—and such time is now being prepared for—we may experience that people lacking in understanding will say: If we examine the Gospels, or otherwise allow to work upon us what Christ gave to humanity, we see that in regard to His teaching He does not at all rank as high as perhaps do other spiritual beings who are connected with humanity ... They are higher than man in a certain way. They cannot penetrate the entire man, but they take root in his intellect, they make him a genius! And one who observes only outwardly says that these beings stand higher than the Christ ... And the time will come when the most powerful, the most significant of these Luciferic spirits, who will wish to lead the people out beyond themselves, so to speak, will be extolled, and looked upon as a great human leader; and it will be said that what the Christ was able to furnish was really only a bridge. Now already there are people who say: What do the teachings of the Gospels amount to! We have outgrown them.—As has been said, men will point to a lofty, versatile spirit, a spirit of genius, who will take possession of a human fleshly nature, which he will permeate with his genius. It will be said that he surpasses even the Christ! For the Christ was one who gave opportunity to develop the fourth principle; but this one gives opportunity during the Earth evolution to attain to the seventh principle.

Thus will the Christ Spirit and the spirit of this being face one another—the Christ Spirit, from whom humanity may hope to receive the mighty macrocosmic impulse of its fourth principle, and the Luciferic Spirit, who will wish in a certain way to lead humanity beyond this.

If people would agree that we must acquire from the Luciferic spirits only that to which we can look up in the same way that we look down to our lower nature ... then they would be doing right. But if people should come to say: You see the Christ gives only the fourth principle, while these spirits give the sixth and seventh ... people who think thus concerning Christ will worship and extol ... the Antichrist.

Thus will the position of the Antichrist towards the Christ make itself felt in the future. And with the outer intellect, with the outer wisdom, one will not be able to challenge such things; for it will be possible to produce much which from the point of view of the intellect and talent will be more clever in the Antichrist than that which will more and more flow into the soul from the Christ, as the highest human principle. Because Christ brings to man the fourth macrocosmic principle—since it is macrocosmic, it is infinitely more important than all microcosmic principles; it is stronger than they, even though it is related to the human ego, stronger than all others which can be gained during Earth evolution—still, because it is only the fourth principle, it will be thought of as lower than the fifth, sixth and seventh, which come from the Luciferic spirits; and especially lower than that which comes from Antichrist.

It is important that, upon the basis of spiritual science, it should be perceived that this is so. In regard to the Copernican theory, which has set the earth in motion, as it were, has snatched it from the repose in which it had earlier been placed, and has led it around the sun; which has shown how the earth is a grain of dust in the universe—in regard to this theory it is asked: How can the Christian idea exist alongside this! A contradiction is constructed between the Christian thought and this natural science, because it is said that in olden times men could look up to the cross on Golgotha and to Christ; for the earth seemed to them as the place chosen out of all the universe, and the other cosmic bodies seemed small to them, and really existing for the sake of the earth. The earth then appeared to man—so it could be said—worthy to bear the cross of Golgotha! But when the Copernican theory laid hold upon the spirits of men, they began to scoff and to say: The other cosmic bodies must have at least an equal significance with the earth, so the Christ must have passed from one cosmic body to another; but since the other world bodies are much larger than the earth, it would really be strange that the God-man should accomplish His work of redemption on the little earth! A Scandinavian scholar actually said this. He was of the opinion that, with the Christ drama, it was just as if a powerful drama were presented on a little stage in a suburb, or in a village theater, instead of being presented on a great stage in a capital city. He said: “It is absurd that the greatest drama in the world should not be performed upon a great cosmic body. It is exactly as if a great production should not be given in a splendid theater, but in a miserable village theater!”

Such a speech is, of course, very peculiar, but we can reply that the Christian legend has taken care that nothing so foolish could be said; for it has not even laid the scene of this drama in a splendid place on earth, but only in a poor stable. That fact already shows that no such objection should be made as that of the Scandinavian scholar. People do not consider how inconsequential they are with their peculiarly wise thoughts. The idea has no effect in the presence of the great simple truth which is given in the Christian legend. And if this Christian legend lays the scene of the birth of Jesus, not in a splendid, important capital city of the earth, but in a poor stable, then it does not seem absurd that, in contrast to the greatest cosmic bodies, the earth should have been chosen as the place to bear the cross. In general the method by which the Christian teaching in its way sets forth what the Christ had to bring to humanity, is an indication of that great teaching which spiritual science is to give to us again today. If we allow the Gospels to work upon us—we can search there for the deepest truths of spiritual science, as we have often seen—but how are these great truths contained in the Gospels? Well, I might say that if those people who have not a spark of the Christ Impulse in them are to rise to an understanding of what is in the Gospels, they must absolutely rack their brains—there must even be a certain genius developed! From the fact that so few people understand the spiritual scientific interpretation of the Gospels, even in the smallest degree, it can be gathered that the normal human consciousness is not capable of it. Through Luciferic forces, with the development of genius, the Gospels can be understood in a purely superficial way; but as they are presented, how do these truths confront us? They come to us as if they gushed forth—the most perfect and highest good—directly from the Being of Christ—without effort or exertion of any kind—and speaking in such a way to hearts which allow themselves to be permeated by the Christ Impulse, that souls are illuminated and warmed through and through. The way in which the greatest truths are there presented to man is the opposite of the clever method. The method in the Gospels takes account of the fact that in the direct, original, elemental way in which these truths gush forth, perfect, from the fourth macrocosmic principle in Christ Jesus, they pass over immediately to the people. Indeed care has even been taken that the cleverness of man, the sagacity of all the Luciferic in human evolution, shall give much sophistical explanation of these words of Christ, and that we shall only gradually be able to win through to their simplicity and grandeur, to their fundamental character. And as with the words of Christ, so also with the facts concerning Christ.

If we present such a fact, let us say, as the Resurrection, by means which spiritual science provides, what strange fact do we there confront? A very important German Theosophist said, even in the third decade of the 19th century, that it can be seen how the human intellect is being more and more permeated by the Luciferic principle. This was Troxler. He said that the human intellect was utterly Luciferic in all that it comprises. It is generally difficult to make direct reference to the deeper theosophical truths; but those of you who attended my course of lectures in Prague 2Occult Physiology, 1911. will recall that I referred to Troxler at that time, in order to show how he already knew what can now be taught concerning the human ether body; he said that the human intellect is permeated by the Luciferic forces. If we today, disregarding the Luciferic forces, will to comprehend the resurrection with good theosophical forces, then we must point to the fact that at the baptism by John in the Jordan something significant occurred: that then the three bodies of the Luke Jesus boy were permeated by the macrocosmic Christ Being, Who then lived for three years on earth, and then these bodies passed through the Mystery of Golgotha with this Christ Being. The development of Christ Jesus during the three years was naturally different from that of other men. We must inquire concerning this development, so that, going into fundamental facts, and with the principles of spiritual science, we may comprehend what the resurrection actually was.

Jesus of Nazareth stood by the Jordan. His ego separated from the physical body, the etheric body and the astral body, and the macrocosmic Christ Being came down, took possession of these three bodies, and then lived until the 3rd of April of the year 33—as we have been able to determine. But it was a different kind of life; for, beginning from the baptism, this life of Christ in the body of Jesus of Nazareth was a slow process of dying. With each advancing period of time during these three years, something of the sheaths of Jesus of Nazareth died away, so to speak. Slowly these sheaths died, so that after three years the entire body of Jesus of Nazareth was already close to the condition of a corpse, and was only held together by the power of the macrocosmic Christ Being. You must not suppose that this body in which the Christ dwelt was like any other body—let us say a year and a half after the John baptism in the Jordan; it was in such a state that an ordinary human soul would have felt at once that it was falling away from him—because it could only be held together by the powerful macrocosmic Christ Being. It was a constant, slow dying, which continued through three years. And this body had reached the verge of dissolution when the Mystery of Golgotha took place. Then it was only necessary that those people mentioned in the narrative should come to the body with their strange preparation of spices and bring about a chemical union between these special substances and the body of Jesus of Nazareth, in which the macrocosmic Christ Being had dwelt for three years, and then that they should place it in the grave. Very little was needed then to cause this body to become dust; and the Christ Spirit clothed Himself with an etheric body condensed, one might say, to physical visibility. So the risen Christ was enveloped in an etheric body condensed to physical visibility; and thus He went about and appeared to those to whom He could appear. He was not visible to everyone, because it was actually only a condensed etheric body which the Christ bore after the resurrection; but that which had been placed in the grave disintegrated and became dust. And according to the latest occult investigations, it is confirmed that there was an earthquake. It was astonishing to me to discover, after I had found from occult investigation that an earthquake had taken place, that this is indicated in the Matthew Gospel. The earth divided and the dust of the corpse fell in, and became united with the entire substance of the earth. In consequence of the violent shaking of the earth, the clothes were placed as they were said to have been found, according to the description in the John Gospel. It is wonderfully described in the Gospel of St. John.

In this way we must understand the Resurrection occultly, and we need not at all come into contradiction with the Gospels. I have often called attention to the fact that Mary Magdalene did not recognize the Christ when He met her. How could one possibly fail to recognize again some one whom he had seen only a few days before, especially if he were such an important personality as Christ Jesus was? If it is said that Mary Magdalene did not know Him, then He must have appeared to her in another form. She recognized Him only when she heard Him speak. Then she became aware of Him.

And all the details of the Gospels are entirely comprehensible occultly.

But some one might say that Thomas was challenged by the risen Christ, when He appeared to the disciples, to feel the scars with his hands ... then it must be supposed that the scars were still there—that Christ had come to the disciples with the same body which had been resolved to dust. No! Imagine that some one has a wound: then the etheric body contracts in a special way and forms a kind of scar. And in the specially contracted ether body, from which were drawn the constituents of the new ether body with which the Christ clothed Himself, these wound-marks were made visible—were peculiarly thickened spots ... so that even Thomas could feel that he was dealing with a reality.

This is a remarkable passage in the occult sense. It does not in any way contradict the fact that we have to do with an etheric body, condensed to visibility by the Christ force; and that then also the Emmaus scene could occur. We find it described in the Gospel, not as an ordinary receiving of nourishment, but a dissolution of the food directly by the etheric body, through the Christ forces, without the cooperation of the physical body.

All these things can be understood today through occult principles, on the basis of spiritual science. Apart from the poorly translated passages, the Gospels can be understood literally in a certain way. Everything becomes clear in a wonderful way, and any one who has grasped this will say to himself, when he notices a contradiction: “I am too stupid for this.” He does not feel that he is so clever as the modern theologians, who say: “We are not able to comprehend the Resurrection as it is described in the Gospels!” ... But we can comprehend it exactly thus, when we understand the principles.

How does all that has now been said work upon the human reason? Well, it affects people in such a way that they say: “If I am to believe the Resurrection, then I shall have to set at naught all that I have gained up till now through my reason. That I cannot do. Therefore the Resurrection must be effaced.”—The reason which speaks thus is so permeated by Lucifer that it cannot comprehend these things. Such a reason will come to reject more and more the great, effective, elementary language and facts of earlier times, and those connected with the Mystery of Golgotha. But spiritual science will be called upon to comprehend these things, even to the smallest details. It will not reject that which, as fifth, sixth, and seventh principles, can transcend the fourth macrocosmic principle. Nevertheless, it will see in the fourth macrocosmic principle the greatest impulse which has been given to the Earth evolution.

But from this you see that in a certain way it is not exactly easy to understand the Christ evolution within the earth, because in a sense the objection is justified that particular spirits, Luciferic spirits, lead up to other principles—but only to microcosmic principles. I expressed that earlier when I said: The Christ is a sort of focal point, in which the Being works through His deed, the Being works through that which He is. Round about the Christ sit the twelve Bodhisattvas of the world, upon whom streams what flows from the Christ, and who elevate it, in the sense of increased wisdom, to higher principles. But it all flows from the fourth principle—even upon the higher principles—in so far as these are evolved on the earth. On this account there is much error with regard to the uniqueness of the Christ, because there is not a clear understanding that in the Christ we have, to be sure, to do with the fourth principle, but with the fourth macrocosmic principle, and even though higher principles can be developed, these are only the microcosmic principles of beings who have not come to full development on the Moon, but who in their way transcend the human. Because they came to unfoldment during the Moon evolution, they developed on their part upon the Moon what human beings must evolve only upon the earth.

We must rise to an understanding of such things if we would comprehend the true place of the Christ principle within our Earth evolution, if we would clearly see why the Antichrist will in the future be regarded more highly in many respects than the Christ Himself. The Antichrist will perhaps be found to be more clever, possessed of more genius than the Christ; he will win a powerful following; but spiritual scientists should be prepared in advance, so as not to be deceived by what has now been characterized. More than all else it will be necessary to be firmly established in the good principles of spiritual science, in order not to he deceived in this realm. It was the foremost mission of that esotericism which has been developed in the Occident since the 12th century, and about which much has been said, to work out clearly what is to be said about the nature of the Christ in this regard. So that he who is firmly established in this esotericism will recognize more and more clearly that it is a focal position which the Christ occupies in the Earth evolution. And concerning all so-called reincarnations of the Christ on our earth, one can bring forward this quite simple comparison: Just as a balance must be supported at only one point, and not at two or several, so must the Earth evolution have one basic impulse. And anyone who admits several incarnations of the Christ makes the same mistake as he who supposes that scales to function properly must be supported in two places. When this is done, they are no longer scales. And anyone who went about on earth in several incarnations, would no longer be Christ. That is a fact which each well-instructed occultist will urge concerning the nature of Christ. Thus by a simple comparison we may always point to the uniqueness of the Christ nature; and here the Gospels and Spiritual Science are in complete accord.

Welten-Ich Und Menschen-Ich. Mikrokosmisch-Übersinnliche Wesenheiten. Die Natur Des Christus

Meine lieben theosophischen Freunde!

Es besteht die Notwendigkeit, dass wir am heutigen Abend noch etwas über die Natur des Christus Jesus sprechen. Diese Notwendigkeit ergibt sich daraus, dass gegenwärtig so viel über dieses Thema gesprochen wird, besonders in theosophischen Kreisen, und dass im eminentesten Sinne das Bedürfnis dazu vorliegt, über mancherlei Punkte auf diesem Gebiete zur vollen Klarheit zu kommen.

Nun werden wir heute einen zwar für viele vielleicht etwas absonderlichen, aber doch eben sehr wichtigen Punkt dieser Frage zu besprechen haben. Wir werden ausgehen, meine lieben theosophischen Freunde, von der Entwicklung des Menschen. Wir wissen ja, dass diese so fortschreitet, dass die gesamte Menschheit innerhalb unserer Erdenentwicklung durchgeht durch gewisse zyklische Epochen. Und wir haben ja öfter davon gesprochen, dass wir, seit jener großen Katastrophe, die wir die atlantische nennen, durch welche das Leben auf dem alten atlantischen Kontinent verwandelt worden ist in das Leben auf den neueren Kontinenten, das eben unser Leben ist, fünf Kulturperioden bis zu unserer Zeit unterscheiden können. Wir sprechen von der ersten, der altindischen Kulturepoche, von der zweiten, der großen urpersischen Kulturepoche, von der dritten, der ägyptisch-chaldäisch-babylonischen, von der vierten, der griechisch-lateinischen, die für eine größere Weltenbetrachtung eigentlich erst abflutete, sagen wir, gegen das achte bis zwölfte nachchristliche Jahrhundert, und dann sprechen wir seit 1413 von dem Vorhandensein unserer eigenen, gegenwärtigen, der fünften nachatlantischen Kulturepoche.

Nun haben die Menschenseelen, also auch alle diejenigen Seelen, die hier sitzen, in diesen aufeinanderfolgenden Kulturepochen bis zur jetzigen Zeit verschiedene Verkörperungen durchgemacht; die eine Seele in mehr oder weniger Verkörperungen, die andere in einer verhältnismäßig geringeren Anzahl von Verkörperungen. Diese Seelen haben, nach Maßgabe der Eigentümlichkeiten dieser Kulturepochen, sozusagen aus den Erlebnissen heraus dieses oder jenes sich angeeignet, haben es von früheren in die späteren Inkarnationen mitgebracht und erscheinen dann als Seelen auf dieser oder jener Entwicklungsstufe, je nachdem sie vorher in den verschiedenen Kulturepochen das oder jenes durchgemacht haben.

Nun können wir aber auch davon sprechen, dass in der Hauptsache - aber wohlgemerkt nur in der Hauptsache - von den verschiedenen Gliedern der menschlichen Natur in den einzelnen Kulturepochen dieses oder jenes am Menschen, aber in der Hauptsache immer ein bestimmtes Glied der menschlichen Natur, zur Ausgestaltung, zur Entwicklung gekommen ist. So können wir sagen, dass in unserer Kulturepoche die Menschen im Wesentlichen dazu berufen sind, wenn sie alles das auf sich wirken lassen, was unsere Kulturepoche geben kann, zur Ausgestaltung zu bringen das, was wir innerhalb unserer geisteswissenschaftlichen Anschauung nennen die Bewusstseinsseele. Dagegen kam vorzugsweise während der griechisch-lateinischen Kulturepoche zur Ausbildung die Verstandes- oder Gemütsseele, während der ägyptisch-chaldäisch-babylonischen die Empfindungsseele, während der urpersischen Kulturepoche der Empfindungs- oder astralische Leib und in der altindischen dasjenige, was wir als den Äther- oder Lebensleib bezeichnen. Diese verschiedenen Glieder der menschlichen Natur haben bei den einzelnen Seelen, durchgehend durch diese Kulturepochen, in einer oder zumeist in mehreren Verkörperungen die entsprechende Ausbildung erfahren oder werden sie erfahren. Und in demjenigen, was nun auf unsere Kulturepoche folgt als sechste nachatlantische Kulturepoche, wird insbesondere zur Ausbildung kommen das, was wir als Geistselbst bezeichnen, was man gewohnt worden ist in der theosophischen Literatur als Manas zu bezeichnen, und in der letzten, der siebenten nachatlantischen Kulturepoche das, was wir als Lebensgeist bezeichnen, was man in der theosophischen Literatur gewohnt worden ist, die Buddhi zu nennen, während das, was Geistmensch oder Atma ist, in einer gewissen Weise nach einer erneuten Katastrophe in einer fernen Zukunft zur Ausgestaltung kommen soll.

So stehen wir also mitten darin, auszubilden sozusagen durch die normalen Bedingungen unserer Kultur, durch das, was uns umgibt, auszugestalten dasjenige in der Gegenwart und in der nächsten Zukunft, was man die Bewusstseinsseele nennt.

Nun wissen wir aber, dass diese ganze Ausbildung des Menschen, diese ganze Entwicklung der einzelnen Seelenglieder, wie wir sie unterscheiden, wesentlich gebunden ist an noch etwas anderes, wesentlich gebunden ist an die allmähliche Eingliederung des menschlichen Ich. Denn diese Eingliederung des menschlichen Ich in die Menschennatur, das ist überhaupt die Aufgabe der Erdenentwicklung. Sodass wir gleichsam zwei ineinanderlaufende Entwicklungsströmungen haben dadurch, dass wir die Erdenentwicklung nach der Saturn-, Sonnen- und Mondenentwicklung durchmachen müssen und dass wir als Erdenmensehen insbesondere dieses vierte Glied der menschlichen Natur, das Ich, zur Ausbildung bringen, hinzufügen dieses Ich zu den anderen Hauptgliedern der menschlichen Natur, die schon früher veranlagt worden sind: zu dem physischen Leib, dem Ätherleib und dem astralischen Leib. Sie müssen nun unterscheiden diese große hauptsächlichste Entwicklungsströmung, die gebunden ist an die großen Verkörperungen unseres Erdenplaneten selber, von jener kleineren Entwicklungsströmung, von jener engeren Entwicklungsströmung, die ich vorhin bezeichnet habe als solche, die innerhalb einer so kurzen Zeit sich abspielt, wie es die nachatlantische Periode ist.

Niemand, der die bisherigen Dinge verstanden hat, sollte die Frage aufwerfen: Ja, wie kommt es denn, dass die Menschen schon auf der alten Sonne den Äther- oder Lebensleib ausgebildet haben und dass nun eine besondere Ausbildung desselben stattfinden soll während der altindischen Kulturepoche? Wer die Dinge verstanden hat, sollte eigentlich diese Frage nicht aufwerfen, denn die Sache ist so: Gewiss, der menschliche Äther- oder Lebensleib ist veranlagt worden während der alten Sonne. Der Mensch ist also schon im Besitze eines Äther- oder Lebensleibes auf der Erde angekommen. Aber dieser Äther- oder Lebensleib kann nun wieder feiner ausgestaltet werden, es kann in ihn hineingearbeitet werden durch die späteren Glieder, die der Mensch an sich heranentwickelt. Sodass der Mensch natürlich auf verhältnismäßig hoher Stufe seinen Äther- oder Lebensleib hat, wenn er in einem altindischen Körper verkörpert wird, aber er arbeitet in dieser nachatlantischen Kulturperiode mit dem eroberten Ich—mit all dem, was mittlerweile der Mensch sich erarbeitet hat - hinein in seinen Äther- oder Lebensleib, arbeitet feinere Gestaltungen in ihn hinein. Und es ist im Wesentlichen ein feineres Hineinarbeiten in die verschiedenen Glieder der menschlichen Natur, was sich in unserer nachatlantischen Kulturperiode ausgestaltet.

Wenn Sie nun die ganze Evolution nehmen und das berücksichtigen, was jetzt gesagt worden ist, so wird Ihnen die vierte nachatlantische Kulturepoche, die griechisch-lateinische, als ganz besonders wichtige Epoche erscheinen. Denn da muss in einer gewissen feineren Gestaltungsweise bearbeitet werden innerhalb der Menschennatur dasjenige, was wir nennen die Verstandes- oder Gemütsseele. Aber bis zu jener Zeit hin hat schon das Ich, welches also der großen Entwicklungsströmung angehört, eine ganz besonders hohe Ausbildung erfahren. Sodass wir sagen können: Dieses Ich des Menschen, das hat sich bis in die vierte nachatlantische Kulturperiode, bis in die griechisch-lateinische Zeit, auf eine gewisse Stufe hinaufentwickelt, und es obliegt ihm da, hineinzuarbeiten in die Verstandes- oder Gemütsseele, und in unserer Zeit in die Bewusstseinsseele.

In einer gewissen Beziehung besteht nun eine innige Verwandtschaft zwischen dem menschlichen Ich und den drei Gliedern seiner Seelennatur: der Empfindungs-, Verstandes- oder Gemütsseele und der Bewusstseinsseele. In diesen drei Gliedern lebt vorzugsweise zunächst das menschliche Ich sein inneres Leben, und es lebt und wird gerade in unserer fünften nachatlantischen Kulturepoche am innerlichsten in der Bewusstseinsscele leben, weil sozusagen in der Bewusstseinsscele, ganz ungehindert durch die anderen Glieder, das reine Ich sich zum Ausdruck bringen kann. Ja, wir leben einmal in unserer Zeit in einer solchen Epoche, in welcher dieses Ich eben den großen besonderen Beruf hat, sich auszubilden, auf sich selbst zu bauen.

Wenn wir dann eine Art Zukunftsblick werfen auf das, was folgen wird, wenn wir sagen, der Mensch wird entwickeln in der nächsten, in der sechsten nachatlantischen Kulturepoche das Geistselbst oder Manas, so erkennen wir: Das Geistselbst oder Manas liegt eigentlich schon über die Sphäre des Ich hinaus. Und der Mensch könnte sein Geistselbst im Grunde nicht aus eigenen Kräften in dieser späteren Zukunft entwickeln, sondern da muss ihm, wenn er sein Geistselbst entwickeln wird, in gewisser Weise das helfen, was durch die Kräfte höherer Wesen der Erde zufließt. Der Mensch ist mit der Entwicklung seines Ich so weit, dass er eigentlich, so recht auf sich selbst gebaut, sich nur entwickeln kann bis zur Bewusstseinsseele. Aber diese Entwicklung würde nicht abgeschlossen sein, wenn der Mensch nicht schon vorausnehmen würde in gewisser Beziehung das, was erst auf dem Jupiter, auf der nächsten Verkörperung unseres Planeten, seine rechte, seine volle, seine selbsttätige menschliche Entwicklung erlangt. Bis zum Ende der Erdenentwicklung sollte der Mensch sein Ich ausbilden. Diese Ausbildung zu vollziehen hätte er Gelegenheit innerhalb von Empfindungs-, Verstandes- und Bewusstseinsseele. Aber das eigentliche Geistselbst soll erst auf dem späteren Jupiter menschliches Eigentum werden, da soll es erst so recht menschliches Gut werden. Auf dem Jupiter wird der Mensch zum Geistselbst sich ungefähr so stellen, wie er sich auf der Erde zum Ich stellt. Wenn also der Mensch schon während der Erdenzeit auch das Geistselbst ausbildet, so kann er sich nicht zu diesem Geistselbst so stellen wie zum Ich. Von unserem Ich sagen wir: Das sind wir selbst, das sind wir in Wahrheit. Wenn nun in der nächsten Epoche, der sechsten nachatlantischen, das Geistselbst zum Ausdruck kommen wird, dann werden wir nicht dieses Geistselbst als unser Selbst ansprechen können, sondern dann werden wir sagen: Ja, unser Ich hat sich bis zu einer gewissen Stufe entwickelt, sodass hereinleuchten kann wie aus höheren Welten unser Geistselbst wie eine Art Engelwesen, das wir nicht selbst sind, das in uns hereinleuchtet und Besitz ergreift von uns. — So wird uns unser Geistselbst erscheinen. Und erst auf dem Jupiter wird es so erscheinen, dass es unser eigenes Wesen ist wie unser Ich. So geht die menschliche Entwicklung vorwärts.

Also wir werden uns in der nächsten, in der sechsten nachatlantischen Kulturepoche wie hinaufgezogen fühlen zu etwas, was in uns hereinleuchtet. Wir werden nicht sagen: Du Geistselbst in mir da drinnen, sondern werden sagen: Ich Teilnehmer an einer Wesenheit, die aus den oberen Welten in mich hereinleuchtet, die mich führt und lenkt, die mir durch die Gnade höherer Wesenheiten ein Führer und Lenker geworden ist! - Das, was uns erst auf dem Jupiter als unser Eigentum zukommen wird, werden wir wie eine Art aus den höheren Welten hereinleuchtenden Führer empfinden. Und so wird es später sein mit dem Lebensgeist oder Buddhi, mit dem Geistesmenschen und so weiter. Sodass eine Zeit kommen wird, in welcher der Mensch anders von sich sprechen wird, als er jetzt von sich spricht. Wie spricht jetzt der Mensch von sich, wenn er im theosophischen Sinne von sich spricht? Er sagt: Ich habe drei Hüllen, meinen physischen Leib, meinen Äther- oder Lebensleib und meinen astralischen Leib. Darinnen habe ich mein Ich, das eigentliche Erdengut, welches sich innerhalb dieser drei Hüllen entwickelt. Diese drei Hüllen sind gleichsam meine niedere Natur. Ich bin über sie hinausgewachsen, ich sehe herunter zu dieser meiner niederen Natur und sehe in demjenigen, was mein Ich geworden ist, mein vorläufiges eigenstes Wesen, das immer mehr und mehr wachsen soll, immer mehr und mehr sich entwickeln soll.

In der Zukunft wird der Mensch noch anders zu sprechen haben. Da wird er sagen: Ich habe nicht nur meine niedere Natur und mein Ich, sondern ich habe eine höhere Natur, zu der ich hinaufschaue als zu etwas, was an mir ist wie jetzt meine Hüllen, die ich von früher habe. - Also der Mensch wird sich in der Zukunft sozusagen in den Mittelpunkt gestellt fühlen zwischen seine niedere und höhere Natur. Die niedere Natur kennt er schon jetzt, die höhere wird ihm ebenso in der Zukunft als über ihm stehend erscheinen, wie jetzt die niedere unter ihm stehend. Sodass wir sagen können: Der Mensch wächst von seinem vierten zu seinem fünften, sechsten, siebenten Grundteil während der Erdenentwicklung heran. Aber dieser fünfte, sechste, siebente Grundteil wird während der eigentlichen Erdenentwicklung nicht sein unmittelbares Eigentum, sondern etwas, wozu er nach und nach erst hinaufreichen wird. So müssen wir uns die Sache eigentlich vergegenwärtigen.

Wir werden eine Zeit zu durchleben haben, wo wir sagen: Ja, es war unsere Erdenmission, unser Ich auszubilden. Aber wie prophetisch vorausnehmend sehen wir etwas, was auf dem Jupiter an uns zur Entwicklung kommen soll. - Was wir nun während der Erdenentwicklung durchleben, dass wir sozusagen mit einer menschlichen Ich-Natur uns durchdringen, und ausbildeten während der verflossenen Erdenzeit bis in die Gegenwart herein die feinere Ausarbeitung der niederen Grundteile und ausarbeiten werden während der Zukunft die höheren Grundteile, was wir als Menschen also erleben auf der Erde, das haben uns vorangehende Wesenheiten, die wir bezeichnen als Engel oder Angeloi - Wesenheiten also, die uns vorangehen - vorgelebt auf früheren planetarischen Verkörperungen. Aber auch die höheren Mitglieder der Hierarchie, Erzengel oder Archangeloi und Archai haben cs auf früheren Verkörperungen unseres Erdenplaneten, auf Mond, Sonne, Saturn durchlebt. Für sie gab es auch dazumal eine Art viertes Glied, das sie zur Entwicklung gebracht haben. Und dann in der zweiten Hälfte der entsprechenden planetarischen Verkörperungen haben sie vorausgenommen das, was in ihnen eigentlich zur vollen Entwicklung kommen soll auf der Erde wie bei uns das Geistselbst auf dem Jupiter. Sie haben sich das dazumal nicht voll einverleibt als ihr Eigentum, sondern so, dass sie zu demselben hinaufschauten.

Wenn wir zunächst zurückblicken zu der alten Mondenentwicklung, so haben wir während derselben von solchen Wesenheiten zu sprechen, die nun, gerade so wie wir Menschen während der Erdenentwicklung, dazumal hätten kommen sollen bis zu ihrem siebenten Grundteil, aber eben so, wie wir Menschen auf der Erde bis zum siebenten Grundteil kommen, dass sie es nicht sich voll einverleiben, sondern zu ihm hinaufschauen. Wenn wir von den luziferischen Wesenheiten sprechen, so sprechen wir von solchen, die etwa während der alten Mondenentwicklung in der Lage geblieben sind, in der ein Mensch wäre, der während der Erdenentwicklung nicht zur vollen Ausbildung sein fünftes, sechstes, siebentes Grundteil bringen würde, sondern es ablehnen würde, der vielleicht beim vierten schon stehen bliebe oder beim fünften und so weiter. Sie sind also nicht voll zur Entwicklung gekommen, diese Wesenheiten, die auf den mannigfaltigsten Stufen von eben luziferischen Wesenheiten stehen. Sodass wir sagen können: Herübergekommen sind von der alten Mondenentwicklung zur Erdenentwicklung die Menschen. Die Menschen sind herübergekommen so, dass sie von der alten Mondenentwicklung sich mitgebracht haben eine normale Entwicklung. Diejenigen Menschen, die zum Abschluss gekommen sind, haben sich mitgebracht eine normale Entwicklung: ihren physischen Leib, Äther- oder Lebensleib und astralischen Leib, und sollen auf der Erde so recht eigentlich das Ich entwickeln, in das sie dann das andere aufnehmen sollen. Andere Wesen, die höher stehen als der Mensch, sollten auf dem alten Mond schon ausbilden, was bei ihnen dem menschlichen Ich entspricht. Doch hätten sie dieses Ich des Mondes bei sich nur voll zur Entwicklung bringen können, wenn sie vorausgenommen hätten alles, was für sie nun fünftes, sechstes, siebentes Grundteil wäre, was sie als fünftes voll auf der Erde hätten entwickeln sollen. Bis zu ihrem siebenten Grundteil hätten sie kommen sollen. Aber diese luziferischen Wesenheiten sind eben nicht bis zu diesem siebenten Grundteil gekommen. Sie haben eben gerade noch den fünften oder sechsten entwickelt, sind also nicht stehen geblieben beim vierten als solchem, aber sie haben ihn nicht voll ausgebildet dadurch, dass sie nicht vorausgenommen haben den fünften, sechsten und siebenten Grundteil, sondern beim fünften oder sechsten stehen geblieben sind.

Da fassen wir zwei Klassen von diesen Mondwesen ins Auge. Solche zunächst, welche eben ihren fünften Grundteil noch zur Ausbildung gebracht haben, so wie wir Menschen werden würden, wenn wir in der sechsten nachatlantischen Epoche das Geistselbst zur Ausbildung bringen und dann abschließen würden und nicht den sechsten und siebenten Grundteil ausbilden würden. Fassen wir diese eine Klasse ins Auge, die als luziferische Wesenheiten ihren fünften Grundteil zur Ausbildung gebracht hat, und fassen wir eine andere Klasse von Mondwesenheiten luziferischer Art ins Auge, welche ihren sechsten Grundteil ausgebildet hat, aber nicht ihren siebenten. Solche gab es während des Beginnes der Erdenentwicklung, wo der Mensch sich anschickte, sein Ich zur Ausbildung zu bringen. Sodass wir fragen können: Was war in Bezug auf diese Wesenheiten mit dem Beginn der Erdenentwicklung da? Es waren Wesenheiten da, welche gierig darauf warteten, während der Erdenentwicklung ihren sechsten Grundteil auszubilden, Wesenheiten also luziferischer Art, welche auf dem Monde nur bis zur Ausbildung ihres fünften Grundteiles gekommen waren und auf der Erde ihren sechsten Grundteil ausbilden wollten. Und es waren Wesenheiten der zweiten Klasse da, welche auf dem Monde schon ihren sechsten Grundteil ausgebildet hatten und auf der Erde ihren siebenten ausbilden wollten. Das erwarteten sie von der Erdenentwicklung. Dann kam der Mensch herüber mit drei Grundteilen, um seinen vierten auszubilden.

Also wir können unterscheiden den Menschen, wartend sein Ich auszubilden, dann die luziferischen Wesenheiten, welche ihren sechsten, und die luziferischen Wesenheiten, welche ihren siebenten Grundteil auszubilden warteten. Wir wollen von denjenigen, die ihren fünften ausbilden wollen, absehen; solche gab es auch.

Damit haben wir ins Auge gefasst sozusagen drei Klassen von mikrokosmischen Wesenheiten der Erde, drei Klassen von Wesenheiten, die auf dem Schauplatz der Erdenentwicklung angekommen waren. Von den drei Klassen konnte aber nur eine Klasse sich auf der Erde einen physischen Leib erringen. Denn die Bedingungen, die die Erde hergibt für eine physisch-fleischliche Leibesentwicklung, die kann sie nur hergeben vermöge eben ihrer ganzen Erdenverhältnisse für ein viertes Menschengrundteil. Nur das, was auf der Erde als Wesen sein viertes Grundteil als Ich ausbilden wollte, das konnte sich einen physischen Leib erringen. Die anderen Wesenheiten, die ein sechstes und siebentes Grundteil ausbilden wollten, die konnten sich keinen physischen Leib erringen. Denn es gibt keine Möglichkeit auf der Erde, die dahin hätte führen können für Wesenheiten, welche so ungeeignet für die Erdenentwicklung in diese Erdenentwicklung eingetreten waren, einen unmittelbaren physischen Menschenleib zu erringen. Die Möglichkeit, unmittelbar einen solchen physischen Leib zu erringen, gibt es nicht. Was mussten diese Wesenheiten tun? Das Folgende mussten sie tun. Sie mussten sich sagen: Ja, einen aus Fleisch und Knochen bestehenden physischen Menschenleib finden wir nicht unmittelbar, denn solche Leiber sind für die Menschen da, die ihr Ich entwickeln wollen. Wir also müssen zu einer Art von Surrogat von physischem Leib unsere Zuflucht nehmen, wir müssen Menschen aufsuchen, die zu den entwickeltsten gehören, die also, sagen wir, ihr viertes Grundteil entwickelt haben. In diese müssen wir hineinkriechen und in denen muss unsere Wesenheit so arbeiten, dass sie ihr sechstes oder siebentes Grundteil zur Ausbildung bringen könnte.

Das hatte zur Folge, dass unter den gewöhnlichen Menschen der alten Zeit solche auftauchten, welche von höheren Wesenheiten luziferischer Art - die natürlich höher standen als der Mensch, da sie ihr sechstes, siebentes Grundteil doch ausbilden sollten und der Mensch erst sein viertes -, welche von höheren luziferischen Wesenheiten besessen sein konnten. Solche höhere Wesenheiten luziferischer Art gingen also in Erdenmenschenleibern auf der Erde herum. Sie waren die Führer der Erdenmenschen, sie wussten, verstanden und konnten viel mehr als die anderen Menschen. Uns wird von diesen Wesenheiten in den alten Erzählungen und Legenden berichtet, so berichtet, dass wir von ihnen hören, sie waren da oder dort große Städtegründer, große Völkerführer und dergleichen. Das waren nicht bloß normale Menschen auf der Erde, sondern das waren Menschen, die von solch höheren Wesenheiten luziferischer Art besessen waren, im besten Sinne des Wortes besessen waren. Dann erst verstehen wir die menschliche Erdenentwicklung, wenn wir solches ins Auge fassen können.

Immer aber suchen namentlich die niedrigerstehenden dieser Wesenheiten, weil sie ja selbst keinen Menschenleib erringen können, ihre Entwicklung in anderen Menschenleibern fortzusetzen. Und das ist eben das, was charakterisiert werden konnte. Luziferische Wesenheiten hatten immer die Sehnsucht, in anderen Menschen drinnen, indem sie sie von sich besessen machten - das tun sie heute noch - ihre Entwicklung in der geschilderten Art fortzusetzen. In der menschlichen Seele arbeitet eben Luzifer mit seinen Scharen. Wir sind der Schauplatz der luziferischen Entwicklung. Während wir Menschen einfach den physischen Leib der Erde nehmen, um uns zu entwickeln, nehmen diese luziferischen Wesenheiten uns und entwickeln sich in uns. Und das ist eben die Versuchung der Menschen, dass in ihnen arbeiten die luziferischen Geister.

Diese luziferischen Geister sind aber mittlerweile, geradeso wie die Menschen vorwärtsgekommen sind, auch vorwärtsgekommen. Sodass gar mancher von diesen Geistern, der, sagen wir damals, als der Mensch eintrat in die atlantische Zeit, dastand an der Schwelle, um sein sechstes Grundteil zu entwickeln, jetzt so weit schon ist - die Entwicklung ist ja für ihn auf der Erde abnorm -, eben sein siebentes Grundteil zu entwickeln. Das macht er auf die Weise, dass er nun wiederum einen Menschen von sich besessen macht, um vielleicht nur mehrere Jahre von diesem Menschen das zu benutzen, was dieser Mensch erleben kann, um seinerseits wieder zur Entwicklung zu kommen. Das ist nichts Übles in der Menschennatur. Denn man kann dadurch, dass wir in unserer Zeit die Bewusstseinsseele zum Ausdruck bringen können, von einem luziferischen Geist besessen sein, der daran ist, sein siebentes Grundteil zu entwickeln. Was wird man dadurch, dass man von einem hohen luziferischen Geist besessen ist? Ein Genie, das zwar — weil es als Mensch besessen ist und die eigentliche Menschennatur überstrahlt wird von dieser höheren Wesenheit - unpraktisch ist für die gewöhnlichen Verrichtungen, aber auf irgendeinem Gebiet bahnbrechend, tonangebend wirkt.

Man darf über den luziferischen Geist nicht so sprechen, als ob er durchaus etwas Hassenswertes wäre, sondern er ist etwas — weil er sich stellvertretend im Menschen entwickelt wie ein Parasit —, was macht, dass der Mensch besessen von ihm ist und unter seinem Einfluss arbeitet als ein Mensch von Genie, als ein inspirierter Mensch. So sind die luziferischen Geister durchaus notwendig. Und die genialen Menschen der Erde sind diejenigen, in denen - zumeist ein paar Jahre hindurch - ganz arg die luziferische Wesenheit arbeitet.

Wenn das nicht der Fall wäre, hätte nicht Edouard Schur& Luzifer als eine sympathische Wesenheit schildern können, denn Luzifer ist im Wesentlichen beteiligt an den großen Kulturfortschritten der Erde, und es ist eine Engherzigkeit des traditionellen Christentums, in der luziferischen Wesenheit etwa nur den schlimmen Teufel zu sehen. Es bedeutet dieses nichts weiter als eine arge Philistrosität. «Natur ist Sünde, Geist ist Teufel; sie hegen zwischen sich den Zweifel, ihr missgestaltet Zwitterkind», lesen wir im «Faust». Gewiss, es geziemt dem eng traditionell gestalteten Christentum, den Luzifer als Teufel anzusprechen und ihn zu hassen, aber der, welcher die Menschheitsentwicklung kennt, weiß, dass gerade in den Genies das luziferische Prinzip wirkt. Dem Theosophen geziemt es, diesen Dingen unmittelbar ins Auge zu schauen. Und wir würden gar nicht Anleitung haben, selber zu unserem fünften, sechsten Prinzip aufzusteigen, wenn nicht diese Geister uns vorwärtsschieben würden. In der Tat sind es die luziferischen Geister, denen wir, weil sie ihre eigene Entwicklung dabei suchen, das Vorwärtsstoßen verdanken, sodass wir selber über unser Ich hinauswachsen können, wie ja die Menschen auch trivial sagen, dass Dichter und Genies und Künstler hinauswachsen über das eng begrenzte menschliche Ich.

So schauen wir zu den luziferischen Geistern in einer gewissen Weise doch auf als zu einer Art von Führern der Menschen. Wir müssen uns frei von der Beengtheit machen, frei von allem orthodoxen Christentum, das Luzifer nur einen Teufel nennt, der ihm hassenswert ist. Wir müssen das Befreiende des luziferischen Prinzips, das auch von guten Göttern hereingestellt worden ist, als solches anerkennen, denn es treibt uns während der Erdenentwicklung über uns selbst hinaus, sodass wir prophetisch das vorausnehmen, was uns als unser Eigentum erst während des Jupiters und so weiter zukommen wird. Es findet also eigentlich auf der Erde ein gegenseitiges Beeinflussen von mikrokosmischen Wesenheiten statt, die beim Beginn der Erdenentwicklung da waren; ein solches gegenseitiges Beeinflussen, dass wir sagen können: Die Menschen werden weitergeführt, während sie ihr eigenes Ich entwickeln, von solchen Wesenheiten, die höher sind als der Mensch, denn sie haben ihr fünftes Grundteil entwickelt und entwickeln sich zum sechsten oder sie entwickeln schon ihr siebentes Grundteil, während der Mensch erst an seinem vierten arbeitet.

Wir sehen also übermenschliche Wesenheiten in diesen luziferischen Wesenheiten, mikrokosmisch-übermenschliche Wesenheiten. Und jetzt sehen wir von diesen geistigen Wesenheiten, die wir als luziferische ansehen, ab, und gehen zur Natur des Christus.

Der Christus unterscheidet sich ganz radikal von anderen Wesenheiten, die an der Erdenentwicklung teilnehmen. Er ist ein Wesen einer ganz anderen Ordnung. Er ist ein Wesen, welches nicht nur während der Mondenentwicklung so zurückgeblieben ist wie die luziferischen Geister, sondern welches, vorausschauend die Mondenentwicklung, eigentlich noch früher zurückgeblieben ist, schon während der alten Sonnenentwicklung, und aus einer gewissen sicheren, weit übermenschlichen Weisheit während der alten Sonnenentwicklung zurückgeblieben ist. Diese Wesenheit dürfen wir nicht in dem Sinne wie die andern angeführten Wesenheiten als eine mikrokosmische ansehen, denn als mikrokosmische Wesenheit haben wir anzusehen diejenigen, die vom Beginne der Erdenentwicklung mit dieser Erdenentwicklung verbunden waren. Der Christus war nicht unmittelbar mit der Erdenentwicklung verbunden, sondern mit der Sonnenentwicklung. Er war eine makrokosmische Wesenheit vom Beginn der Erdenentwicklung an, eine Wesenheit, welche also ganz anderen Entwicklungsbedingungen ausgesetzt ist als die mikrokosmischen Wesenheiten. Und seine Entwicklungsbedingungen waren eigener Art. Sie waren so, dass diese makrokosmische Christus-Wesenheit außerhalb des Irdischen das makrokosmische vierte Prinzip, das makrokosmische Ich, entwickelt hatte. Für seine, also für diese Christus-Entwicklung, war es normal, außerhalb der Erde ein Ich makrokosmischer Art gerade bis zur Ich-Vollendung zu bringen und dann zur Erde niederzusteigen. Es war also für die Entwicklung der Christus-Wesenheit normal - als sie von dem Makrokosmos niederstieg auf unsere Erde -, hereinzubringen den großen Impuls vom makrokosmischen Ich, damit das mikrokosmische Ich, das Menschen-Ich, diesen Impuls aufnehme und weiterkommen könne in der Entwicklung. Normal war es für den Christus, nicht den mikrokosmischen Ich-Impuls, aber den makrokosmischen Ich-Impuls gerade so weit zu haben, wie der Mensch den mikrokosmischen auf der Erde hatte. So ist das Christus-Wesen ein Wesen, das in einer gewissen Beziehung dem Menschen gleicht, nur dass der Mensch mikrokosmisch ist und seine vier Prinzipien mikrokosmisch zum Ausdruck gebracht hat, also auch sein Ich mikrokosmisch hat als Erden-Ich, der Christus aber als Welten-Ich. Aber so war bei ihm die Entwicklung vor sich gegangen, dass er eben gerade groß und bedeutend war durch die volle Entwicklung dieses Ich, das er herunterbrachte auf die Erde. Und er hatte nicht das fünfte makrokosmische und nicht das sechste makrokosmische Prinzip, denn die wird er entwickeln, damit er sie dem Menschen geben kann, auf Jupiter und Venus.

Der Christus ist also eine Wesenheit viergliedriger Natur - bis zu seinem makrokosmischen Ich -, wie der Mensch selber mikrokosmisch eine solche ist. Und wie der Mensch während der Erdenzeit die Mission hat, sein Ich auszubilden, um empfangen zu können, so hatte der Christus sein Ich auszubilden, um geben zu können. Als er herunterstieg auf die Erde, war er so, dass alles in seiner Wesenheit verwendet war, um in möglichst vollkommener Gestalt sein viertes Prinzip zum Ausdruck zu bringen. Nun hat ein jedes gleichzahlige Prinzip des Makrokosmos und des Mikrokosmos eine innige Verwandtschaft zum entsprechenden anderen, das die gleiche Zahl hat. Das vierte makrokosmische Prinzip im Christus entspricht dem vierten mikrokosmischen im Menschen und das fünfte im Christus wird dem Geistselbst im Menschen entsprechen.

So trat der Christus seine Erdenlaufbahn an, indem er dem Menschen aus dem Makrokosmos dasjenige herunterbrachte, was der Mensch mikrokosmisch ausbilden sollte, nur brachte es der Christus als makrokosmisches Prinzip. Er trat so ein in die Erdenentwicklung, dass er während derselben ebenso wenig ein fünftes, sechstes, siebentes Prinzip als Eigentum hatte, wie es der Mensch in seiner Art auch nicht hat.

Der Christus ist eine Wesenheit, die sich makrokosmisch bis zum vierten Prinzip ausgebildet hatte und die während des Erdendurchgangs die Entwicklung ihres vierten Prinzips darin sehen wird, dass sie alles hergibt, damit der Mensch sein Ich ausbilden kann.

Nehmen wir die ganze Sachlage, so haben wir im Beginn der Erdenentwicklung drei Klassen von Wesenheiten: Menschen, die ihr viertes Prinzip voll ausgebildet erhalten sollen auf der Erde, eine Klasse luziferischer Wesenheiten, die ihr sechstes, und eine Klasse luziferischer Wesenheiten, die ihr siebentes Prinzip ausbilden sollen, die also dadurch, dass sie das sechste und siebente Prinzip ausbilden sollen, höher stehen als der Mensch, die also in dieser Beziehung über den Menschen hinausragen. Aber sie ragen in dieser Beziehung auch über den Christus hinaus, denn der Christus soll gerade sein viertes Prinzip auf der Erde in Hingebung an die Menschen zum Ausdruck bringen. Der Christus wird es nicht sein, welcher, sagen wir, die Menschen anregen wird, in der Zukunft etwas anderes zum Ausdruck zu bringen als das eigentliche Ich, die innerste Menschenwesenheit, zu immer höherer und höherer Stufe. Die luziferischen Geister werden es sein, welche dann den Menschen über sich selbst hinausführen werden in einer gewissen Beziehung.

Wer die Dinge dann von außen anschaut, kann sagen: Ja, dann steht der Christus eigentlich niedriger als zum Beispiel die luziferischen Geister, denn der Christus kommt mit etwas auf die Erde, was ganz verwandt ist dem vierten Prinzip des Menschen. - Er ist gar nicht daraufhin veranlagt, den Menschen über sich hinauszuführen, sondern nur tiefer in das eigene Seelenwesen des Menschen hinein. Er ist daraufhin veranlagt, das eigene Seelenwesen des Menschen immer mehr und mehr zu sich selbst zu bringen. Die luziferischen Wesenheiten haben das vierte, fünfte, sechste Prinzip ausgebildet, stehen also in gewisser Weise höher als der Christus. Praktisch wird sich das in der Zukunft so ausleben, dass, durch die Aufnahme des Christus-Prinzips in die Menschennatur herein, diese Natur immer mehr und mehr vertieft werden wird, diese Menschennatur immer mehr und mehr Licht und Liebe innerhalb der eigenen Wesenheit aufnehmen wird, dass die Menschennatur Licht und Liebe wird empfinden müssen wie etwas, was ihr ureigen ist. Die Verinnerlichung der Menschenseele in unendliche Tiefen hinein, das wird die Gabe des Christus-Impulses sein, der immer weiter und weiter wirken wird. Und wenn der Christus kommen wird, wie es dargestellt worden ist in den verschiedenen Vorträgen, so wird er auch nur wirken als die Menschenseele vertiefend. Die andern Geister, die höhere Prinzipien haben als der Christus, wenn auch nur mikrokosmischer Art, die werden in gewisser Weise den Menschen über sich hinausführen. Der Christus wird die Menschen verinnerlichen, aber auch demütig machen; die luziferischen Geister werden den Menschen über sich hinausführen, klug, gescheit, genial machen, aber in gewisser Weise ihn auch hochmütig machen, ihm beibringen, dass er etwas Übermenschliches werden könnte schon während der Erdenentwicklung. Alles das daher, was in der Zukunft den Menschen zu etwas führen wird, wodurch er gleichsam über sich hinausragen wird, was ihn stolz machen wird auf seine eigene menschliche Natur schon hier auf der Erde, das wird demnach luziferischer Einschlag sein. Was aber den Menschen vertiefen wird, was den Menschen in Bezug auf sein Innenleben zu solchen Tiefen führen wird, als er nur kommen kann gerade zur vollen Ausbildung des vierten Prinzips, das wird von Christus herrühren.

Menschen, welche die Sache äußerlich anschauen, werden sagen: Der Christus steht eigentlich niedriger als die luziferischen Wesenheiten, denn er bringt nur das vierte Prinzip zur Ausbildung, die anderen aber die höheren Prinzipien. Der Unterschied ist nur der, dass diese anderen Wesenheiten die höheren Prinzipien wie etwas Parasitisches auf die Menschennatur daraufgepfropft bringen, der Christus aber das vierte Prinzip so bringt, dass die Menschennatur voll durchsetzt und durchdrungen und durchkraftet wird von diesem Prinzip. Wie der fleischliche Leib des Jesus von Nazareth einmal durchsetzt und durchdrungen und durchkraftet war vom vierten makrokosmischen Prinzip, so werden vom vierten makrokosmischen Prinzip die Leiber derer durchsetzt sein, die den Christus in sich aufnehmen. So wie das vierte makrokosmische Prinzip die Gabe des Christus ist, so werden das sechste, siebente Prinzip die Gaben der luziferischen Geister sein. Sodass wir es in der Zukunft werden erleben können - und die Zeiten bereiten sich schon vor —, wo unverständige Menschen werden sagen: Ja, der Christus, der ist eigentlich, wenn wir die Evangelien durchnehmen oder sonst dasjenige auf uns wirken lassen, was er der Menschheit gegeben hat, in Bezug auf seine Lehre, auf das, was von ihm als Lehre ausfließt, gar nicht auf jener Höhe, auf der vielleicht andere geistige Wesenheiten, die mit dem Menschen in Beziehung sind, stehen. Die ragen über den Menschen in gewisser Weise hinaus, sie können nicht den ganzen Menschen durchsetzen, aber sie durchsetzen seinen Verstand, seine Genialität! - Und der äußerlich Betrachtende sagt: Diese Wesenheiten stehen eigentlich höher als der Christus.

Es wird eine Zeit kommen, wo man die Sache so auffassen wird, dass man den mächtigsten, den bedeutendsten dieser luziferischen Geister, der sozusagen die Menschen über sich selbst hinausführen wird wollen, auf den Schild erheben und für einen großen Menschenführer ansehen wird. Sprechen wird man: Ach, dasjenige, was der Christus hat geben können, war im Grunde genommen nur ein Durchgangspunkt! Jetzt schon gibt es Menschen, die so reden: Ach was sind eigentlich die Lehren der Evangelien! Wir sind schon über sie hinausgewachsen. — Wie gesagt, einen umfassenden, genialen Geist, einen hervorragenden Geist wird man aufzeigen, der Besitz ergreifen wird von einer menschlichen fleischlichen Natur, die er durchsetzt mit seiner Genialität. Man wird sagen: Der übertrifft ja den Christus, denn der Christus war im Grunde genommen nichts als der, welcher Gelegenheit gegeben hat, das vierte Prinzip auszubilden; jener aber gibt Gelegenheit, es während der Erdenentwicklung bis zum siebenten Prinzip zu bringen!

So werden der Christus-Geist und der Geist dieser Wesenheit einander gegenüberstehen: der Christus-Geist, von dem die Menschen werden hoffen können, den mächtigen makrokosmischen Impuls ihres vierten Prinzipes zu erhalten, und der luziferische Geist, der in einer gewissen Beziehung sie darüber hinausführen wird wollen.

Wenn die Menschen dabei bleiben und sich sagen können: Wir müssen von den luziferischen Geistern nur dasjenige erlangen, zu dem wir so hinaufblicken, wie wir zu unserer niederen Natur hinunterblicken - so würden die Menschen recht tun. Indem aber die Menschen dazu kommen werden zu sagen: Seht, der Christus gibt nur das vierte Prinzip, da sind aber die Geister, die das sechste und siebente geben - da werden die Menschen, die dem Christus gegenüber so denken, anbeten und auf den Schild heben den Antichrist. So wird sich die Stellung des Antichrist zum Christus in der Zukunft geltend machen. Und mit dem äußeren Verstand, mit der äußeren Genialität wird man nichts gegen solche Dinge einwenden können, denn man wird vieles aufweisen können, was im Sinne von Vernunft und Genialität gescheiter sein wird beim Antichrist als das, was als tiefstes menschliches Prinzip von dem Christus immer mehr und mehr in die Seele einfließen wird. Weil der Christus den Menschen das vierte makrokosmische Prinzip bringt, das, da es makrokosmisch ist, doch unendlich wichtiger ist als alle mikrokosmischen Prinzipien - es ist stärker als sie, wenn es auch verwandt ist dem menschlichen Ich, stärker als alle anderen, die während der Erdenentwicklung erlangt werden können -, so wird man, weil es eben nur das vierte Prinzip ist, sagen, es sei niedriger als das fünfte, sechste, siebente, welche von den luziferischen Geistern kommen, es sei insbesondere niedriger als das, was vom Antichrist kommt, Es ist wichtig, dass auf dem Boden der Geisteswissenschaft eingesehen werde, dass es so ist. Sagt man doch jetzt schon anlässlich der kopernikanischen Lehre, die sozusagen die Erde in Bewegung gebracht hat, die Erde dem Stillstand entrissen hat, in welchen man sie früher versetzt hatte, die sie um die Sonne herumgeführt und gezeigt hat, wie die Erde ein Staubkorn im Weltall ist: Ja, wie kann daneben die christliche Idee bestehen! - Man konstruiert einen Widerspruch zwischen der christlichen Idee und dieser Naturwissenschaft, indem man sagt: In älteren Zeiten, da konnten ja die Menschen zu dem Kreuz auf Golgatha und zum Christus aufschauen, denn da kam ihnen die Erde vor wie der auserlesene Platz im Weltenall, und die andern Weltenkörper kamen ihnen klein und der Erde wegen eigentlich da seiend vor. Da erschien - so könnte man sagen - die Erde dem Menschen würdig, das Kreuz von Golgatha zu tragen! Als aber die kopernikanische Lehre die Geister ergriff, fingen die Menschen an zu spotten und meinten: Da die anderen Weltenkörper zum mindesten dieselbe Bedeutung haben wie die Erde, so müsste der Christus von Weltenkörper zu Weltenkörper gewandelt sein. Da nun aber die anderen Weltenkörper viel größer sind als die Erde, so wäre es eigentlich sonderbar, dass auf der kleinen Erde der Gottmensch das Erlösungswerk vollbracht hätte! - So sprach wirklich ein nordischer Gelehrter. Er meinte: So wie wenn man ein mächtiges Drama, statt es auf einer großen Residenzbühne aufzuführen, auf einer kleinen Vorstadtbühne oder in einem Dorftheater aufführen wollte, so käme ihm das Christus-Drama vor. Er sagte: Es ist doch widersinnig, dass das größte Drama der Welt nicht aufgeführt werden sollte auf einem großen Weltenkörper. Es ist das gerade, wie wenn man ein mächtiges Stück nicht auf einem glänzenden Theater, sondern auf einem elenden Dorftheater aufführen wollte!

Eine solche Rede ist nun ganz sonderbar, und man kann erwidern: Die christliche Legende hat dafür gesorgt, dass man etwas so Törichtes eigentlich nicht sollte sagen können, denn sie hat ja nicht einmal dieses Mysterium auf einen glänzenden Platz der Erde verlegt, sondern auch noch in einen armen Hirtenstall. Damit ist ja eigentlich schon bekundet, dass man einen solchen Einwand nicht machen sollte, wie ihn der nordische Gelehrte gemacht hat. Die Menschen bedenken nur immer nicht, wie inkonsequent sie mit ihren besonders klugen Gedanken sind. Die Idee verfängt nicht gegenüber der einfachen großen Wahrheit, die schon in der christlichen Legende gegeben ist. Und wenn diese christliche Legende nicht auf der Erde an einen glänzenden, hervorragenden Residenzpunkt, sondern in den armen Hirtenstall die Geburt des Jesus verlegt, so erscheint es nicht widersinnig, dass den größten Weltenkörpern gegenüber die Erde als der Platz auserlesen worden ist, welcher das Kreuz trug. Überhaupt ist in der ganzen Art und Weise, wie die christliche Lehre in ihrer Art dasjenige gibt, was der Christus der Menschheit zu bringen hatte, eine Andeutung schon jener großen Lehren, die uns heute die Geisteswissenschaft wiederum geben soll. Lassen wir die Evangelien auf uns wirken: Wir können die tiefsten geisteswissenschaftlichen Wahrheiten finden, wie wir das oftmals gesehen haben. Aber wie sind in den Evangelien diese großen Weistümer enthalten? Ja, ich möchte sagen: Wenn diejenigen Menschen, die nicht einen Funken des Christus-Impulses in sich haben, sich aufschwingen sollen zu einem Verständnis dessen, was in den Evangelien steht, dann müssen sie förmlich ihr Gehirn zermartern, es muss eine gewisse Genialität sogar entwickelt werden. Dass das normale menschliche Bewusstsein nicht hinreicht, das kann man daraus entnehmen, dass so wenige Menschen die geisteswissenschaftliche Interpretation der Evangelien auch nur im Geringsten verstehen. Man kann also mit luziferischen Kräften, mit der Ausbildung von Genialität die Evangelien nur rein äußerlich verstehen. Aber so wie sie gegeben sind, wie treten uns da ihre Wahrheiten entgegen? So treten sie uns entgegen, wie wenn sie unmittelbar, wie das reifste Gut, hervorquellen würden aus dem, was wir die Wesenheit Christi nennen, ohne Mühe, ohne irgendeine Anstrengung — und so zu den Herzen sprechen, die sich durchdringen lassen vom Christus-Impuls, dass sie unmittelbar in Einheit die Seele durchleuchten und durchwärmen.

Die Art und Weise, wie die größten Weistümer da an den Menschen herantreten, ist das Gegenteil von der Art und Weise, wie auf die Klugheit gewirkt wird. Sie ist so, dass gerechnet wird damit, dass in jener unmittelbaren, ursprünglichen, elementaren Art aus dem vierten makrokosmischen Prinzip in dem Christus Jesus wie fertig hervorsprudeln diese Wahrheiten, dass sie unmittelbar auf die Menschen übergehen. Ja, es ist sogar dafür gesorgt, dass die Gescheitheit der Menschen, die Klugheit alles Luziferischen in der Menschheitsentwicklung, viel herumdeuteln wird an diesen Christus-Worten und sich nach und nach erst durchringen wird zu ihrer Einfachheit und Grandiosität, zu ihrem elementaren Charakter. Und so wie zu den Christus-Worten, so auch zu den Christus-Tatsachen.

Wenn wir eine solche Tatsache, wie es, sagen wir die Auferstehung als Tatsache ist, mit den Mitteln darstellen, die uns die Geisteswissenschaft an die Hand gibt, welch eigentümlicher Tatsache stehen wir da gegenüber? Ein sehr bedeutender deutscher Theosoph hat schon in den Zwanzigerjahren des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts gesagt, man könne es sehen, wie immer mehr und mehr die Menschenvernunft mit dem luziferischen Prinzip durchsetzt wird. Troxler ist es gewesen. Er hat gesagt: ganz luziferisch sei die menschliche Vernunft in alle dem, was sie begreifen will. - Es ist im Allgemeinen schwer, gerade auf die tieferen theosophischen Weistümer hinzuweisen. Diejenigen von Ihnen, die in Prag bei meinem Zyklus dagewesen sind, werden sich erinnern, dass ich damals auf Troxler hingewiesen habe, um zu zeigen, wie in ihm schon vorhanden war, was jetzt gelehrt werden kann über den menschlichen Ätherkörper oder Lebensleib. Er hat den Ausspruch getan, dass die menschliche Vernunft durchsetzt ist von den luziferischen Kräften.

Wenn wir heute, abgesehen von den luziferischen Kräften, aus den guten theosophischen Kräften heraus die Auferstehung begreifen wollen, so müssen wir darauf hinweisen, dass mit der Johannestaufe im Jordan etwas Bedeutsames geschehen ist, dass da die drei Leiber des Lukas-Jesusknaben durchsetzt wurden von der makrokosmischen Christus-Wesenheit, die dann drei Jahre auf der Erde gelebt hat, dann durch das Mysterium von Golgatha gegangen sind mit dieser Christus-Wesenheit. Diese Entwicklung des Christus Jesus war natürlich anders während der drei Jahre als die eines andern Menschen. Wie war sie, sodass wir mit den geisteswissenschaftlichen Prinzipien, wenn wir ins Fundamentale gehen, begreifen können, wie die Auferstehung eigentlich war?

Da stand am Jordan Jesus von Nazareth. Sein Ich trennte sich von dem physischen Leib, Äther- oder Lebensleib und astralischen Leib, und die makrokosmische Christus-Wesenheit senkte sich nieder, nahm Besitz von diesen drei Leibern und lebte dann bis zum 3. April des Jahres 33 - wie wir feststellen konnten. Aber es war das ein anderes Leben. Denn schon von der Taufe angefangen war dieses Leben des Christus in dem Leib des Jesus von Nazareth ein langsamer Prozess des Sterbens. Mit jedem vorrückenden Zeitabschnitt in dem Leben dieser drei Jahre starb sozusagen etwas von den Hüllen in dem Jesus von Nazareth dahin. Langsam starben diese Hüllen ab, sodass nach drei Jahren der ganze Leib des Jesus von Nazareth etwas war, das an der Grenze schon stand, Leichnam zu sein und nur eben zusammengehalten wurde von der Macht der makrokosmischen Christus-Wesenheit. Sie dürfen sich nicht vorstellen, dass

dieser Leib, in dem der Christus wohnte, sagen wir anderthalb Jahre nach der Johannestaufe im Jordan, so war wie ein anderer Leib, sondern so, dass eine gewöhnliche Menschenseele ihn sofort hätte von sich fallen fühlen, weil er nur zusammengehalten werden konnte von der mächtigen makrokosmischen Christus-Wesenheit. Es war ein fortwährendes, langsames, durch drei Jahre dauerndes Dahinsterben. Und an der Grenze des Auseinanderfallens war dieser Leib angekommen, als das Mysterium von Golgatha eintrat. Dann war nur noch notwendig, dass diejenigen Männer, von denen uns erzählt wird, herankamen an diesen Leib mit ihren sonderbaren Dingen, die Spezereien genannt werden, und eine chemische Verbindung herstellten zwischen diesen eigentümlichen Stoffen und dem Leib des Jesus von Nazareth, in dem die makrokosmische Christus-Wesenheit drei Jahre gewohnt hatte, und ihn dann ins Grab senkten. Da brauchte es nur ein ganz Weniges, dass dieser Leib zu Staub zerfiel im Grabe und dass der Christus-Geist sich umkleidete mit einem, man kann sagen, bis zur physischen Sichtbarkeit sich verdichtenden Ätherleib. Sodass der auferstandene Christus umhüllt war mit einem bis zur physischen Sichtbarkeit verdichteten Ätherleib. So ging er herum und erschien denen, denen er erscheinen konnte. Er war nicht für alle sichtbar, weil es eigentlich nur ein verdichteter Ätherleib war, den der Christus nach der Auferstehung trug. Aber das, was ins Grab gelegt worden war, das zerfiel zu Staub. Und nach den neuesten okkulten Forschungen stellte sich in der Tat das ein, dass ein Erdbeben stattfand. Es war mir frappierend, nachdem ich aus okkulten Forschungen herausgefunden hatte, dass ein Erdbeben stattgefunden hatte, im Matthäus-Evangelium dieses angedeutet zu finden. Es spaltete sich die Erde, der Staub des Leichnams fiel hinein und verband sich mit der ganzen Substanz der Erde. Durch das Durcheinanderrütteln infolge des Erdbebens wurden die Tücher so gerüttelt, wie man sie dort nach der Beschreibung des Johannes- Evangeliums beschrieben findet. Es ist das im Johannes-Evangelium wunderbar geschildert. So haben wir okkult die Auferstehung zu begreifen und brauchen gar nicht in Widerspruch zu kommen mit den Evangelien. Denn ich habe schon oft darauf aufmerksam gemacht, dass Maria von Magdala den Christus nicht erkannte, als er ihr begegnete. Wo würde sich denn einer nicht getrauen, jemanden, den er vor ein paar Tagen noch gesehen hat, wiederzuerkennen, besonders wenn dies cine solche wichtige Persönlichkeit ist, wie es der Christus Jesus war? Wenn erzählt wird, dass Maria von Magdala ihn nicht erkannte, so musste er ihr in einer anderen Gestalt entgegengetreten sein. Sie erkennt ihn erst, als sie sozusagen ihn sprechen hört. Da wird sie aufmerksam.

Und alle Einzelheiten in den Evangelien sind uns okkult ganz begreiflich.

Aber es könnte jemand sagen: Thomas wurde von dem Auferstandenen, der den Jüngern erschien, aufgefordert, mit seinen Händen in die Wundmale zu greifen. Da müsste man voraussetzen, dass diese noch dagewesen wären, dass Christus mit demselben Leib, der sich in Staub aufgelöst hat, zu den Jüngern gekommen wäre. Nein! Denken Sie sich, es hat jemand ein Wundmal: Da zieht sich der Ätherleib besonders zusammen, bekommt eine Art Narbe. Und in dem besonders zusammengezogenen Ätherleib, dem entnommen sind die Bestandteile zu dem neuen Ätherleib, mit dem sich die Christus-Wesenheit umkleidete, da waren zur Sichtbarkeit gebracht diese Wundmale, waren besonders dichte Stellen, sodass auch der Thomas fühlen konnte, dass eine Realität da ist.

Gerade diese Stelle ist im okkultistischen Sinn eine wunderbare Stelle. Dies widerspricht durchaus auch nicht dem, dass wir es mit einem durch die Christus-Kraft bis zur Sichtbarkeit verdichteten Ätherleib zu tun haben und dass dann auch die Emmaus-Szene eintreten kann. Wir finden sie im Evangelium so geschildert, dass nicht eine gewöhnliche Nahrungsaufnahme stattfindet, sondern eine Auflösung des Genossenen unmittelbar durch den Ätherleib, durch die Kräfte des Christus, ohne Mitwirkung des physischen Leibes.

Alle diese Dinge können aus okkulten Grundsätzen heraus auf dem Boden der Theosophie heute verstanden werden. Die Evangelien können in gewisser Weise wörtlich - abgesehen von den in schlechter Übersetzung überlieferten Stellen -, wörtlich verstanden werden. Alles Einzelne erklärt sich auf wunderbare Weise, und wer diese Dinge eingesehen hat, der sagt sich, wenn er einen Widerspruch bemerkt: Da bin ich noch zu dumm! - Er fühlt sich nicht so gescheit wie die modernen Theologen, welche sagen: Wir können die Auferstehung nicht so fassen, wie sie in den Evangelien geschildert ist! - Wir aber können sie gerade so fassen, wenn wir die Dinge aus den Fundamenten heraus begreifen.

Alles das, was jetzt ausgesprochen worden ist, wie wirkt es denn auf die menschliche Vernunft? Nun, eben so, dass die Leute sagen: Wenn ich die Auferstehung glauben soll, dann muss ich einen Strich machen durch das, was ich mir bisher durch meine Vernunft errungen habe. Das kann ich nicht. Deshalb muss die Auferstehung gelöscht werden. - Die Vernunft, die so spricht, ist eben die luziferisch durchsetzte Vernunft, welche nicht diese Dinge begreifen kann. Diese wird immer mehr und mehr dazu kommen, abzulehnen die großen elementar wirkenden Reden und Tatsachen, die sich vordem zugetragen haben und um das Mysterium von Golgatha herum. Aber die Theosophie wird dazu berufen sein, bis ins Einzelnste hinein diese Dinge zu begreifen. Sie wird nicht ablehnen das, was als fünftes, sechstes, siebentes Prinzip hinausgehen kann über das vierte makrokosmische Prinzip. Dennoch wird sie in dem vierten makrokosmischen Prinzip den größten Impuls sehen, der der Erdenentwicklung gegeben worden ist.

Daraus aber sehen Sie, meine lieben theosophischen Freunde, dass es in gewisser Weise nicht so ganz leicht ist, die Christus-Entwicklung innerhalb der Erde zu verstehen, weil ja der Einwand in gewisser Art berechtigt ist, dass besondere Geister, luziferische Geister, zu anderen, aber nur mikrokosmischen Prinzipien hinaufführen. Ich habe das früher so ausgedrückt, dass ich sagte: Der Christus ist wie eine Art Mittelpunkt, wo das Wesen wirkt durch seine Tat, das Wesen wirkt durch das, was cs ist. Ringsherum um den Christus sitzen die zwölf Bodhisattvas der Welt, auf die überstrahlt, was vom Christus ausgeht, und die es zunächst im Sinne der Weisheitsverarbeitung zu höheren Prinzipien erheben. Aber es strahlt alles von dem vierten Prinzip aus auch auf die höheren Prinzipien, insofern diese auf der Erde zur Entwicklung kommen. Dadurch wird in Bezug auf die Einzigartigkeit des Christus viel Irrtum hervorgerufen, dass man sich nicht klar ist darüber, wie man es zwar mit dem vierten, aber mit dem vierten makrokosmischen Prinzip im Christus zu tun hat, und wenn auch höhere Prinzipien entwickelt werden können, diese eben nur mikrokosmische Prinzipien sind von Wesenheiten, die auf dem alten Monde nicht zur vollen Entwicklung gekommen sind, die aber in ihrer Art über die Menschen hinaus sind, die, weil sie schon auf der Mondenentwicklung zur Entfaltung gekommen sind, ihrerseits auf dem Monde das entwickelt haben, was die Menschen auf der Erde erst entwickeln müssen.

Zu solchen Dingen, wie sie jetzt auseinandergesetzt worden sind, müssen wir uns auch erheben, wenn wir die richtige Stellung des Christus-Prinzips innerhalb unserer Erdenentwicklung einsehen wollen, wenn wir uns klar werden wollen, warum in der Zukunft der Antichrist höher gestellt werden wird in vieler Beziehung als der Christus selber. Man wird den Antichrist vielleicht gescheiter finden, genialer finden als den Christus. Er wird einen mächtigen Anhang erringen. Aber die Theosophen sollen sich dazu vorbereiten, nicht durch das, was jetzt charakterisiert worden ist, sich täuschen zu lassen. Es wird vor allen Dingen ein Festgegründetsein in den guten theosophischen Prinzipien notwendig sein, um sich nicht täuschen zu lassen auf diesem Gebiete. Es war vor allen Dingen die Aufgabe und Mission derjenigen Esoterik, die sich seit dem dreizehnten Jahrhundert im Abendland entwickelt hat und über die mancherlei gesagt worden ist: klar dasjenige herauszuarbeiten, was über die Natur des Christus in dieser Beziehung zu sagen ist. Sodass derjenige, der auf dem Boden dieser Esoterik feststeht, klar und immer klarer erkennen wird, welche Mittelpunktsstellung der Christus innerhalb der Erdenentwicklung einnimmt. Und man wird schon dazu kommen - gegenüber allen sogenannten Wiederverkörperungen des C hristus auf unserer Erde -, geltend zu machen das ganz Einfache: Geradeso wie ein Waagebalken nur an einem Punkt unterstützt sein muss und nicht an zweien oder mehreren, so muss die Erdenentwicklung einen Grundimpuls haben. Und derjenige, welcher mehrere Verkörperungen des Christus annimmt, der macht denselben Fehler wie der, welcher meint, damit ein Waagebalken ja recht gut funktioniert, muss er an zwei Stellen unterstützt sein. Wenn dies geschieht, dann ist es eben keiner mehr. Und dasjenige, was in mehreren Inkarnationen über die Erde ginge, wäre kein Christus mehr. Das ist das, was jeder geschulte Okkultist gegenüber der Christus-Natur geltend machen wird. Mit einem einfachen Vergleich wird auf das Einzigartige der Christus-Natur immer hingewiesen. Da stehen in vollem Einklang Evangelium und Theosophie.

The World Self and the Human Self. Microcosmic Super-sensible Beings. The Nature of Christ

My dear Theosophical friends!

There is a need for us to speak a little more about the nature of Christ Jesus this evening. This need arises from the fact that so much is being said about this subject at present, especially in theosophical circles, and that there is an eminent need to arrive at complete clarity on various points in this field.

Today we will discuss a point of this question which may seem somewhat strange to many, but which is nevertheless very important. We will start, my dear Theosophical friends, from the development of the human being. We know that this development proceeds in such a way that the whole of humanity passes through certain cyclical epochs within our Earth's evolution. And we have often spoken of the fact that since that great catastrophe, which we call the Atlantean, through which life on the old Atlantean continent was transformed into life on the newer continents, which is our life, we can distinguish five cultural periods up to our time. We speak of the first, the ancient Indian cultural epoch, the second, the great Persian cultural epoch, the third, the Egyptian-Chaldean-Babylonian, the fourth, the Greek-Latin, which actually only began to ebb away, let us say, around the eighth to twelfth centuries AD, and then, since 1413, we have been talking about the existence of our own, present, fifth post-Atlantean cultural epoch.

Now, human souls, including all those souls sitting here, have undergone various incarnations in these successive cultural epochs up to the present time; some souls in more or less incarnations, others in a relatively smaller number of incarnations. In accordance with the characteristics of these cultural epochs, these souls have, so to speak, acquired this or that from their experiences, brought it with them from earlier incarnations into later ones, and then appear as souls at this or that stage of development, depending on what they have gone through in the various cultural epochs.

Now, however, we can also say that, for the most part—but mind you, only for the most part—the various members of human nature in the individual cultural epochs have developed this or that in human beings, but for the most part always a certain member of human nature. Thus, we can say that in our cultural epoch, human beings are essentially called upon, if they allow everything that our cultural epoch has to offer to work upon them, to develop what we call, within our spiritual scientific view, the consciousness soul. In contrast, during the Greek-Latin cultural epoch, the intellectual or emotional soul was primarily developed, during the Egyptian-Chaldean-Babylonian epoch the sentient soul, during the ancient Persian cultural epoch the sentient or astral body, and in the ancient Indian epoch that which we call the etheric or life body. These different members of human nature have undergone or will undergo the corresponding development in the individual souls, throughout these cultural epochs, in one or, in most cases, several incarnations. And in what now follows our cultural epoch as the sixth post-Atlantean cultural epoch, what we call the spirit self will come to development in particular. what has been called manas in theosophical literature, and in the last, the seventh post-Atlantean cultural epoch, what we call the life spirit, which has been called buddhi in theosophical literature, while what is spirit man or atma will, in a certain way, come into being after a new catastrophe in the distant future.

So we stand in the midst of forming, through the normal conditions of our culture, through what surrounds us, that which is called the consciousness soul in the present and in the near future.

Now, however, we know that this entire education of the human being, this entire development of the individual soul members, as we distinguish them, is essentially bound to something else, essentially bound to the gradual incorporation of the human ego. For this incorporation of the human ego into human nature is the task of earthly evolution as a whole. So we have, as it were, two intertwined currents of development, in that we must go through the development of the earth after the Saturn, Sun, and Moon, and in that we, as earthly beings, must develop this fourth member of human nature, the I, and add this I to the other main members of human nature that were already present earlier: the physical body, the etheric body, and the astral body. You must now distinguish this great, most important stream of development, which is bound to the great embodiments of our Earth planet itself, from that smaller stream of development, that narrower stream of development, which I described earlier as taking place within such a short period of time as is the post-Atlantean period.

No one who has understood what has been said so far should ask the question: Yes, how is it that human beings already developed the etheric or life body on the ancient Sun, and that a special development of this body is now to take place during the ancient Indian cultural epoch? Anyone who has understood these things should not ask this question, for the matter is this: Certainly, the human etheric or life body was predisposed during the old Sun. So humans arrived on Earth already in possession of an etheric or life body. But this etheric or life body can now be refined further; it can be worked into by the later members that humans develop in themselves. So that human beings naturally have their etheric or life body at a relatively high level when they are embodied in an ancient Indian body, but in this post-Atlantean cultural period they work with the ego they have conquered—with everything that human beings have acquired in the meantime—into their etheric or life body, working finer formations into it. And it is essentially a finer working into the various members of human nature that is taking place in our post-Atlantean cultural period.

If you now take the whole of evolution and take into account what has just been said, the fourth post-Atlantean cultural epoch, the Greek-Latin epoch, will appear to you as a particularly important epoch. For there, in a certain finer way of formation, what we call the intellectual or emotional soul must be worked on within human nature. But by that time, the I, which belongs to the great stream of development, has already undergone a particularly high degree of development. So we can say that this human ego has developed to a certain level by the fourth post-Atlantean cultural epoch, by the Greek-Latin period, and it is its task to work into the intellectual or emotional soul, and in our time into the conscious soul.

In a certain sense, there is now an intimate relationship between the human ego and the three members of its soul nature: the sentient soul, the intellectual or emotional soul, and the conscious soul. In these three members, the human ego lives its inner life, and in our fifth post-Atlantean cultural epoch, it will live most inwardly in the consciousness soul, because in the consciousness soul, so to speak, the pure ego can express itself completely unhindered by the other members. Yes, we are living in an epoch in which this ego has the great and special task of developing itself and building itself up.

If we then take a kind of look into the future at what will follow, when we say that human beings will develop the spirit self or manas in the next, sixth post-Atlantean cultural epoch, we recognize that The spiritual self or manas actually already lies beyond the sphere of the ego. And human beings would not be able to develop their spiritual self in this later future through their own efforts, but in order to develop their spiritual self, they would need the help of the forces flowing to the earth from higher beings. Human beings have developed their ego to such an extent that, relying solely on themselves, they can only develop as far as the consciousness soul. But this development would not be complete if human beings did not already anticipate, in a certain sense, what will only be achieved on Jupiter, in the next incarnation of our planet, namely their true, full, and autonomous human development. By the end of Earth's development, humans should have developed their ego. They would have the opportunity to complete this development within the sentient, intellectual, and conscious souls. But the actual spirit self will only become human property on the later Jupiter, where it will truly become human property. On Jupiter, human beings will relate to the spiritual self in much the same way as they relate to the ego on Earth. If, therefore, human beings already develop the spiritual self during their time on Earth, they cannot relate to this spiritual self in the same way as they relate to the ego. We say of our ego: That is ourselves, that is what we truly are. When, in the next epoch, the sixth post-Atlantean epoch, the spiritual self comes to expression, we will not be able to address this spiritual self as our self, but will say: Yes, our ego has developed to a certain stage so that our spiritual self can shine in from higher worlds like a kind of angelic being that we are not ourselves, that shines into us and takes possession of us. — This is how our spiritual self will appear to us. And only on Jupiter will it appear to be our own being, like our ego. This is how human development progresses.

So in the next, sixth post-Atlantean cultural epoch, we will feel as if we are being drawn up to something shining into us. We will not say: You spiritual self in me there inside, but will say: I am a participant in a being that shines into me from the higher worlds, that guides and directs me, that has become my guide and director through the grace of higher beings! What will first come to us on Jupiter as our own, we will experience as a kind of guide shining in from the higher worlds. And so it will be later with the life spirit or Buddhi, with the spirit man, and so on. So that a time will come when human beings will speak differently about themselves than they do now. How does a person speak about themselves now when they speak in a theosophical sense? They say: I have three sheaths, my physical body, my etheric or life body, and my astral body. Within these I have my I, the actual earthly substance, which develops within these three sheaths. These three sheaths are, as it were, my lower nature. I have grown beyond them, I look down on this lower nature of mine and see in what my I has become my provisional, most intimate being, which is to grow more and more, to develop more and more.

In the future, human beings will have to speak differently. They will say: I have not only my lower nature and my ego, but I have a higher nature, to which I look up as to something that is not part of me, as my shells are now, which I have from the past. Thus, in the future, human beings will feel themselves placed, so to speak, in the center between their lower and higher natures. They already know their lower nature, and in the future their higher nature will appear to them as standing above them, just as their lower nature now stands below them. So we can say that man grows from his fourth to his fifth, sixth, and seventh fundamental parts during the development of the earth. But these fifth, sixth, and seventh fundamental parts will not be his immediate property during the actual development of the earth, but something to which he will gradually ascend. This is how we must actually visualize the matter.

We will have to live through a time when we will say: Yes, it was our earthly mission to develop our ego. But how prophetically we foresee something that is to come to development in us on Jupiter. What we are now experiencing during the development of the earth, that we are, so to speak, permeating ourselves with a human ego nature, and developed during the past earthly period up to the present, the finer elaboration of the lower basic parts, and will develop during the future the higher basic parts, what we experience as human beings on earth, has been lived out for us by preceding beings, whom we call angels or angeloi — beings who precede us — in earlier planetary incarnations. But the higher members of the hierarchy, archangels or archai, also experienced this in earlier incarnations of our Earth, on the Moon, Sun, and Saturn. For them, there was also a kind of fourth member at that time, which they brought to development. And then, in the second half of the corresponding planetary incarnations, they anticipated what was actually to come to full development in them on Earth, just as the spirit self did on Jupiter in our case. At that time, they did not fully incorporate this as their own, but rather looked up to it.

If we first look back to the ancient lunar evolution, we must speak of beings who, just as we humans during the Earth evolution, should have reached their seventh element at that time, but just as we humans on Earth reach the seventh element, they did not fully incorporate it into themselves, but looked up to it. When we speak of the Luciferic beings, we are speaking of those who, during the old lunar evolution, remained in the same state as a human being who, during the Earth evolution, would not bring his fifth, sixth, and seventh elements to full development, but would reject them, perhaps remaining at the fourth or fifth stage, and so on. These beings, who stand at the most diverse stages of Luciferic beings, have therefore not fully developed. So we can say that human beings have come over from the old lunar evolution to the Earth evolution. Human beings have come over in such a way that they have brought with them a normal development from the old lunar evolution. Those human beings who have reached completion have brought with them a normal development: their physical body, etheric or life body, and astral body, and are supposed to develop the I on Earth, into which they are then to take up the other elements. Other beings higher than humans were supposed to develop on the old moon what corresponds to the human ego. However, they could only have fully developed this ego of the moon if they had taken on everything that would now be the fifth, sixth, and seventh basic parts, which they should have fully developed on Earth as the fifth part. They should have reached their seventh basic part. But these Luciferic beings did not reach this seventh element. They developed only the fifth or sixth, so they did not remain at the fourth as such, but they did not fully develop it because they did not take the fifth, sixth, and seventh elements in advance, but remained at the fifth or sixth.

Here we see two classes of these lunar beings. First, there are those who have just brought their fifth element to completion, just as we humans would if we were to bring the spirit self to completion in the sixth post-Atlantean epoch and then conclude, without developing the sixth and seventh elements. Let us consider this one class, which as Luciferic beings has developed its fifth element, and let us consider another class of moon beings of a Luciferic nature, which has developed its sixth element but not its seventh. Such beings existed at the beginning of Earth's development, when human beings were preparing to develop their I. So we can ask: What was there in relation to these beings at the beginning of Earth's development? There were beings who were eagerly waiting to develop their sixth element during Earth's development, beings of a Luciferic nature who had only developed their fifth element on the Moon and wanted to develop their sixth element on Earth. And there were beings of the second class who had already developed their sixth element on the moon and wanted to develop their seventh on earth. That was what they expected from the development of the earth. Then man came over with three elements to develop his fourth.

So we can distinguish between human beings waiting to develop their ego, then the Luciferic beings waiting to develop their sixth element, and the Luciferic beings waiting to develop their seventh element. We will disregard those who wanted to develop their fifth element; there were also such beings.

We have thus considered, so to speak, three classes of microcosmic beings on Earth, three classes of beings that had arrived on the stage of Earth's development. Of these three classes, however, only one class was able to attain a physical body on Earth. For the conditions that the earth provides for physical-fleshly body development can only be provided by the earth's entire conditions for a fourth human element. Only that which wanted to develop its fourth fundamental part as the “I” on Earth was able to acquire a physical body. The other beings, which wanted to develop a sixth and seventh fundamental part, were unable to acquire a physical body. For there is no possibility on earth that could have led beings who were so unsuited to earthly development to enter into this earthly development and acquire an immediate physical human body. The possibility of acquiring such a physical body immediately does not exist. What did these beings have to do? They had to do the following. They had to say to themselves: Yes, we cannot find a physical human body consisting of flesh and bones immediately, because such bodies are for people who want to develop their ego. So we must take refuge in a kind of surrogate physical body; we must seek out people who are among the most developed, who have, so to speak, developed their fourth element. We must crawl into them, and our beings must work within them in such a way that they can develop their sixth or seventh basic part.

As a result, among the ordinary people of ancient times there appeared those who were possessed by higher beings of a Luciferic nature—who were naturally higher than humans, since they were supposed to develop their sixth and seventh basic parts, while humans had only developed their fourth—who were possessed by higher Luciferic beings. Such higher beings of a Luciferic nature thus walked around on Earth in human bodies. They were the leaders of the people of Earth; they knew, understood, and could do much more than other people. These beings are reported to us in ancient stories and legends, which tell us that they were great city founders, great leaders of peoples, and the like. These were not just normal human beings on Earth, but human beings who were possessed by such higher beings of a Luciferic nature, possessed in the best sense of the word. Only then can we understand human development on Earth when we can contemplate such things.

However, the lower beings among these entities, because they cannot attain a human body themselves, always seek to continue their development in other human bodies. And that is precisely what could be characterized. Luciferic entities always had the desire to continue their development in the manner described above by possessing other human beings—which they still do today. Lucifer works with his hosts in the human soul. We are the scene of Luciferic development. While we humans simply take the physical body of the earth in order to develop, these Luciferic beings take us and develop within us. And that is precisely the temptation for human beings, that the Luciferic spirits are working within them.

However, just as humans have progressed, these Luciferic spirits have also progressed. So that some of these spirits, who, let us say, when humans entered the Atlantean era, stood on the threshold of developing their sixth basic element, are now so far advanced – their development on Earth is abnormal – that they are developing their seventh basic element. They do this by once again possessing a human being, perhaps only for a few years, in order to use what this human being can experience to continue their own development. There is nothing evil in human nature. For in our time, because we are able to express the consciousness soul, we can be possessed by a Luciferic spirit who is in the process of developing his seventh fundamental part. What does one become when possessed by a high Luciferic spirit? A genius who, because he is possessed as a human being and his actual human nature is outshone by this higher being, is impractical for ordinary tasks, but groundbreaking and influential in some field.

One should not speak of the Luciferic spirit as if it were something entirely hateful, but rather as something that, because it develops in humans like a parasite, causes humans to be possessed by it and to work under its influence as geniuses, as inspired beings. Thus, the Luciferic spirits are absolutely necessary. And the geniuses of the earth are those in whom the Luciferic being works very strongly, usually for a few years.

If this were not the case, Edouard Schur would not have been able to portray Lucifer as a sympathetic being, for Lucifer is essentially involved in the great cultural advances of the earth, and it is a narrow-mindedness of traditional Christianity to see the Luciferic being as nothing but the evil devil. This means nothing more than a severe philistinism. “Nature is sin, spirit is the devil; between them they nurture doubt, their misshapen hermaphrodite child,” we read in Faust. Certainly, it befits narrow-minded traditional Christianity to address Lucifer as the devil and to hate him, but those who know the development of humanity know that it is precisely in geniuses that the Luciferic principle is at work. It befits theosophists to look these things straight in the eye. And we would have no guidance whatsoever to ascend to our fifth and sixth principles if these spirits did not push us forward. In fact, it is the Luciferic spirits, because they are seeking their own development, to whom we owe our forward thrust, so that we ourselves can grow beyond our ego, just as people trivially say that poets and geniuses and artists grow beyond the narrowly limited human ego.

So in a certain sense we look up to the Luciferic spirits as a kind of leaders of humanity. We must free ourselves from narrow-mindedness, free ourselves from all orthodox Christianity that calls Lucifer only a devil who is hateful to it. We must recognize the liberating nature of the Luciferic principle, which was also introduced by good gods, because it drives us beyond ourselves during the development of the Earth, so that we prophetically anticipate what will become our property only during the Jupiter age and so on. So there is actually a mutual influence on Earth between microcosmic beings that were there at the beginning of Earth's development; such a mutual influence that we can say: Human beings are guided as they develop their own ego by beings that are higher than human beings, for they have developed their fifth element and are developing their sixth, or are already developing their seventh, while human beings are only working on their fourth.

So we see superhuman beings in these Luciferic beings, microcosmic superhuman beings. And now we turn away from these spiritual beings, which we regard as Luciferic, and go to the nature of Christ.

Christ differs radically from other beings that participate in the development of the earth. He is a being of a completely different order. He is a being who not only remained behind during the lunar evolution like the Luciferic spirits, but who, looking ahead to the lunar evolution, actually remained behind even earlier, already during the ancient solar evolution, and remained behind out of a certain secure, far superhuman wisdom during the ancient solar evolution. We must not regard this being in the same sense as the other beings mentioned as a microcosmic being, for we must regard as microcosmic beings those who were connected with the development of the earth from the beginning of its development. Christ was not directly connected with the development of the earth, but with the development of the sun. He was a macrocosmic being from the beginning of the earth's development, a being who was therefore subject to completely different conditions of development than the microcosmic beings. And his conditions of development were of a special kind. They were such that this macrocosmic Christ being had developed the macrocosmic fourth principle, the macrocosmic I, outside the earthly realm. For his development, that is, for the development of Christ, it was normal to bring a macrocosmic I to completion outside the earth and then descend to the earth. It was therefore normal for the development of the Christ entity—when it descended from the macrocosm to our Earth—to bring in the great impulse from the macrocosmic I, so that the microcosmic I, the human I, could take up this impulse and continue its development. It was normal for Christ not to have the microcosmic I impulse, but to have the macrocosmic I impulse to the same extent that human beings had the microcosmic impulse on Earth. Thus, the Christ being is a being that resembles the human being in a certain way, except that the human being is microcosmic and has expressed its four principles microcosmically, that is, it also has its I microcosmically as the earthly I, but Christ has it as the world I. But his development had proceeded in such a way that he was great and significant precisely because of the full development of this ego, which he brought down to earth. And he did not have the fifth macrocosmic principle or the sixth macrocosmic principle, for he will develop these so that he can give them to human beings on Jupiter and Venus.

Christ is therefore a being of fourfold nature—up to his macrocosmic I—just as man himself is such a being in a microcosmic sense. And just as man has the mission during his time on earth to develop his I in order to be able to receive, so Christ had to develop his I in order to be able to give. When he descended to earth, he was such that everything in his being was used to express his fourth principle in the most perfect form possible. Now, every principle of equal number in the macrocosm and the microcosm has an intimate relationship with the corresponding other that has the same number. The fourth macrocosmic principle in Christ corresponds to the fourth microcosmic principle in man, and the fifth in Christ will correspond to the spirit self in man.

Thus Christ began his earthly career by bringing down to man from the macrocosm that which man was to develop microcosmically, only Christ brought it as a macrocosmic principle. He entered into earthly development in such a way that during it he had no fifth, sixth, or seventh principle as his own, just as human beings do not have them in their nature.

Christ is a being who had developed macroscopically up to the fourth principle and who, during his passage through the earth, will see the development of his fourth principle in giving everything so that human beings can develop their I.

If we take the whole situation, we have three classes of beings at the beginning of earth's development: human beings, who are to receive their fourth principle fully developed on earth; a class of Luciferic beings, who are to develop their sixth principle; and a class of Luciferic beings, who are to develop their seventh principle, who are therefore higher than human beings because they are to develop the sixth and seventh principles, and who thus in this respect tower above human beings. But in this respect they also rise above Christ, for Christ is to express his fourth principle on earth in devotion to human beings. It will not be Christ who, let us say, will inspire human beings in the future to express anything other than their actual I, their innermost human being, to ever higher and higher levels. It will be the Luciferic spirits who will then lead human beings beyond themselves in a certain sense.

Those who then look at things from the outside can say: Yes, then Christ actually stands lower than, for example, the Luciferic spirits, because Christ comes to Earth with something that is closely related to the fourth principle of the human being. He is not at all inclined to lead human beings beyond themselves, but only deeper into their own soul nature. He is inclined to bring human beings' own soul nature more and more to itself. The Luciferic beings have developed the fourth, fifth, and sixth principles and are therefore in a certain sense higher than Christ. In practical terms, this will play out in the future in such a way that, through the reception of the Christ principle into human nature, this nature will become more and more profound, this human nature will take in more and more light and love within its own being, so that human nature will have to experience light and love as something that is its very essence. The internalization of the human soul into infinite depths will be the gift of the Christ impulse, which will continue to work further and further. And when Christ comes, as has been described in the various lectures, he will also work only to deepen the human soul. The other spirits, who have higher principles than Christ, even if only of a microcosmic nature, will in a certain sense lead human beings beyond themselves. Christ will make people more inward, but also humble; the Luciferic spirits will lead people beyond themselves, making them clever, intelligent, and ingenious, but in a certain way also making them arrogant, teaching them that they could become something superhuman already during their earthly development. Therefore, everything that will lead human beings in the future to something that will cause them to rise above themselves, so to speak, that will make them proud of their own human nature already here on earth, will be of a Luciferic nature. But what will deepen man, what will lead man to such depths in his inner life as he can only attain through the full development of the fourth principle, will come from Christ.

People who look at things from the outside will say: Christ is actually lower than the Luciferic beings, because he only brings the fourth principle to development, while the others bring the higher principles. The difference is only that these other beings graft the higher principles onto human nature like something parasitic, while Christ brings the fourth principle in such a way that human nature is completely permeated and imbued with this principle. Just as the physical body of Jesus of Nazareth was once permeated, penetrated, and energized by the fourth macrocosmic principle, so will the bodies of those who take Christ into themselves be permeated by the fourth macrocosmic principle. Just as the fourth macrocosmic principle is the gift of Christ, so the sixth and seventh principles will be the gifts of the Luciferic spirits. So that in the future we will be able to experience—and the times are already preparing themselves—when uncomprehending people will say: Yes, Christ, when we study the Gospels or let what he gave to humanity sink in, in terms of his teachings, in terms of what flows from him as teachings, is not really at the same level as other spiritual beings who are related to humans. They tower above human beings in a certain way; they cannot influence the whole human being, but they influence his intellect, his genius! And the outside observer says: These beings are actually higher than Christ.

A time will come when people will understand the matter in such a way that they will raise the most powerful, the most significant of these Luciferic spirits, who will, so to speak, want to lead people beyond themselves, onto a pedestal and regard him as a great leader of humanity. People will say: Ah, what Christ was able to give was, in essence, only a passing point! There are already people who talk like this: Oh, what are the teachings of the Gospels? We have already outgrown them. As I said, a comprehensive, brilliant spirit, an outstanding spirit will be revealed, who will take possession of a human, fleshly nature, which he will permeate with his genius. People will say: He surpasses Christ, for Christ was basically nothing more than the one who provided the opportunity to develop the fourth principle; but this one provides the opportunity to bring it to the seventh principle during the Earth's development!

Thus the Christ Spirit and the spirit of this being will stand opposite each other: the Christ Spirit, from whom human beings can hope to receive the powerful macrocosmic impulse of their fourth principle, and the Luciferic spirit, who in a certain sense will want to lead them beyond it.

If people remain steadfast and can say to themselves: We must obtain from the Luciferic spirits only that which we look up to as we look down upon our lower nature—then people would be doing the right thing. But when people come to say, “Look, Christ gives only the fourth principle, but there are spirits who give the sixth and seventh,” then people who think this way about Christ will worship and exalt the Antichrist. This is how the position of the Antichrist will assert itself in relation to Christ in the future. And with the outer intellect, with outer genius, it will not be possible to object to such things, for it will be possible to point to many things which, in the sense of reason and genius, will be more clever in the Antichrist than what will flow more and more into the soul as the deepest human principle from Christ. Because Christ brings the fourth macrocosmic principle to human beings, which, being macrocosmic, is infinitely more important than all microcosmic principles—it is stronger than them, even though it is related to the human ego, stronger than all others that can be attained during the development of the earth—people will say, precisely because it is only the fourth principle, that it is lower than the fifth, sixth, and seventh, which come from the Luciferic spirits, and that it is especially lower than that which comes from the Antichrist. It is important that this be understood on the basis of spiritual science. For already, on the occasion of the Copernican teaching, which has, so to speak, set the earth in motion, snatched it from the standstill into which it had previously been placed, led it around the sun, and shown how the earth is a speck of dust in the universe, people say: Yes, how can the Christian idea stand beside this? A contradiction is constructed between the Christian idea and this natural science by saying: In earlier times, people could look up to the cross on Golgotha and to Christ, because then the earth seemed to them to be the chosen place in the universe, and the other bodies of the world seemed small and, because of the earth, actually existing there. Then, one might say, the earth seemed worthy of man to bear the cross of Golgotha! But when the Copernican doctrine took hold of people's minds, they began to mock and say: Since the other heavenly bodies have at least the same significance as the earth, Christ must have moved from one heavenly body to another. But since the other worlds are much larger than the earth, it would actually be strange that the God-man should have accomplished the work of redemption on the small earth! This was actually said by a Nordic scholar. He said: It would be like staging a powerful drama on a small suburban stage or in a village theater instead of on a large residential stage. That is how the drama of Christ would appear to him. He said: “It is absurd that the greatest drama in the world should not be performed on a large world body. It is just as if one wanted to perform a powerful play not in a splendid theater, but in a miserable village theater!”

Such a statement is quite strange, and one might reply: Christian legend has ensured that one should not actually be able to say something so foolish, for it did not even place this mystery in a splendid place on earth, but in a poor shepherd's stable. This in itself is sufficient to show that one should not raise an objection such as that made by the Nordic scholar. People simply do not consider how inconsistent they are with their particularly clever ideas. The idea does not hold up against the simple, great truth that is already given in the Christian legend. And if this Christian legend does not place the birth of Jesus on earth in a splendid, outstanding residence, but in a poor shepherd's stable, it does not seem absurd that, compared to the largest bodies in the universe, the earth was chosen as the place to bear the cross. In general, the entire manner in which the Christian teaching presents what Christ had to bring to humanity contains an indication of the great teachings that spiritual science will give us again today. Let us allow the Gospels to work on us: we can find the deepest spiritual truths, as we have often seen. But how are these great teachings contained in the Gospels? Yes, I would say: if those people who do not have a spark of the Christ impulse within them are to rise to an understanding of what is written in the Gospels, then they must literally rack their brains; they must even develop a certain genius. That normal human consciousness is not sufficient can be seen from the fact that so few people understand even the slightest bit of the spiritual scientific interpretation of the Gospels. So with Luciferic forces, with the development of genius, one can only understand the Gospels in a purely external way. But as they are given, how do their truths come to us? They come to us as if they were springing forth directly, like the ripest fruit, from what we call the essence of Christ, without effort, without any exertion — and thus they speak to hearts that allow themselves to be penetrated by the Christ impulse, so that they immediately illuminate and warm the soul in unity.

The way in which the greatest truths approach human beings is the opposite of the way in which they affect the intellect. It is such that it is expected that these truths will spring forth from the fourth macrocosmic principle in Christ Jesus in that immediate, original, elementary way, as if they were already complete, and that they will pass directly onto human beings. Yes, it is even ensured that the cleverness of people, the cleverness of everything Luciferic in human development, will interpret these words of Christ in many different ways and will only gradually come to terms with their simplicity and grandeur, with their elementary character. And just as with the words of Christ, so also with the facts of Christ.

If we represent a fact such as, say, the resurrection as a fact, using the means provided by spiritual science, what peculiar fact do we find ourselves facing? A very important German theosophist said as early as the 1820s that we could see how human reason was increasingly permeated by the Luciferic principle. It was Troxler who said that human reason is entirely Luciferic in everything it seeks to comprehend. It is generally difficult to point to the deeper theosophical truths. Those of you who were present in Prague during my lecture series will remember that I referred to Troxler at that time to show how what can now be taught about the human etheric body or life body was already present in him. He said that human reason is permeated by Luciferic forces.

If we want to understand the resurrection today, apart from the Luciferic forces, from the good theosophical forces, we must point out that something significant happened with the baptism of John in the Jordan, that the three bodies of the Luke Jesus child were permeated by the macrocosmic Christ being, which then lived on earth for three years and then passed through the mystery of Golgotha with this Christ being. This development of Christ Jesus was naturally different during those three years from that of any other human being. What was it like, so that we can understand, with spiritual scientific principles, when we go to the fundamentals, what the resurrection actually was?

Jesus of Nazareth stood there at the Jordan. His ego separated from his physical body, etheric body, and astral body, and the macrocosmic Christ being descended, took possession of these three bodies, and then lived until April 3, 33 AD—as we have been able to determine. But it was a different life. For already from the baptism onwards, this life of Christ in the body of Jesus of Nazareth was a slow process of dying. With each passing period of time in the life of these three years, something of the shells in Jesus of Nazareth died away, so to speak. Slowly these shells died away, so that after three years the whole body of Jesus of Nazareth was something that was already on the verge of being a corpse and was only held together by the power of the macrocosmic Christ being. You must not imagine that

this body in which Christ dwelt, say a year and a half after the baptism of John in the Jordan, was like another body, but in such a way that an ordinary human soul would have immediately felt it fall away, because it could only be held together by the powerful macrocosmic Christ being. It was a continuous, slow dying process that lasted three years. And this body had reached the point of disintegration when the mystery of Golgotha occurred. Then all that was necessary was for those men, of whom we are told, to approach this body with their strange substances called spices, and to produce a chemical connection between these peculiar substances and the body of Jesus of Nazareth, in which the macrocosmic Christ being had dwelt for three years, and then to lower it into the tomb. It took very little for this body to crumble to dust in the tomb and for the Christ Spirit to clothe itself in an etheric body that condensed to the point of physical visibility. So the risen Christ was enveloped in an etheric body that had condensed to the point of physical visibility. Thus he walked about and appeared to those to whom he could appear. He was not visible to everyone, because it was actually only a condensed etheric body that Christ wore after the resurrection. But what had been laid in the tomb crumbled to dust. And according to the latest occult research, there was indeed an earthquake. After I found out from occult research that an earthquake had taken place, I was struck to find this hinted at in the Gospel of Matthew. The earth split open, the dust of the corpse fell into it and connected with the whole substance of the earth. The shaking caused by the earthquake shook the cloths in the way described in the Gospel of John. This is wonderfully described in the Gospel of John. This is how we must understand the resurrection occultly, and we do not need to contradict the Gospels. For I have often pointed out that Mary Magdalene did not recognize Christ when he met her. Who would dare to recognize someone they had seen only a few days before, especially when that person was as important as Christ Jesus? When it is said that Mary Magdalene did not recognize him, he must have appeared to her in a different form. She only recognizes him when she hears him speak, so to speak. Then she becomes attentive.

And all the details in the Gospels are completely understandable to us occultly.

But someone might say: Thomas was asked by the risen Lord, who appeared to the disciples, to put his hands into the wounds. That would presuppose that they were still there, that Christ came to the disciples with the same body that had dissolved into dust. No! Imagine that someone has a wound: the etheric body contracts particularly in that area and forms a kind of scar. And in the particularly contracted etheric body, from which the components for the new etheric body with which the Christ being clothed itself were taken, these wounds were made visible, were particularly dense places, so that even Thomas could feel that there was a reality there.

This passage is particularly wonderful in an occult sense. This does not contradict the fact that we are dealing with an etheric body condensed to the point of visibility by the power of Christ, and that the Emmaus scene can then also take place. We find it described in the Gospel in such a way that it is not an ordinary intake of food, but a dissolution of what has been eaten directly by the etheric body, by the forces of Christ, without the participation of the physical body.

All these things can be understood today on the basis of occult principles and theosophy. The Gospels can, in a certain sense, be understood literally—apart from those passages that have been handed down in poor translations. Everything is explained in a wonderful way, and anyone who has understood these things will say to themselves when they notice a contradiction: I am still too stupid! They do not feel as clever as modern theologians who say: We cannot comprehend the resurrection as it is described in the Gospels! But we can comprehend it precisely when we understand things from their foundations.

How does everything that has now been said affect human reason? Well, it makes people say: If I am to believe in the Resurrection, then I must draw a line through everything I have achieved so far through my reason. I cannot do that. Therefore, the resurrection must be erased. The reason that speaks in this way is precisely the reason that is permeated by Lucifer, which cannot comprehend these things. It will increasingly reject the great, elementally effective words and facts that have occurred before and surround the mystery of Golgotha. But theosophy will be called upon to understand these things down to the smallest detail. It will not reject what can go beyond the fourth macrocosmic principle as a fifth, sixth, or seventh principle. Nevertheless, it will see in the fourth macrocosmic principle the greatest impulse that has been given to the development of the earth.

But from this you see, my dear Theosophical friends, that in a certain sense it is not so easy to understand the Christ development within the earth, because the objection is justified in a certain sense that special spirits, Luciferic spirits, lead to other, but only microcosmic principles. I have expressed this earlier by saying that Christ is like a kind of center where the being works through its deed, the being works through what it is. Surrounding Christ are the twelve Bodhisattvas of the world, upon whom the light emanating from Christ shines, and who first raise it to higher principles in the sense of processing wisdom. But everything also radiates from the fourth principle to the higher principles, insofar as these develop on earth. This gives rise to much error regarding the uniqueness of Christ, because it is not clear how we are dealing with the fourth, but with the fourth macrocosmic principle in Christ, and even if higher principles can be developed, these are only microcosmic principles of beings that did not reach full development on the old moon, but which are beyond human beings in their nature, because they already developed on the moon what human beings on Earth must first develop.

We must also rise to such things as have now been discussed if we want to understand the correct position of the Christ principle within our earthly development, if we want to understand why in the future the Antichrist will be placed higher than Christ himself in many respects. People may find the Antichrist more intelligent, more brilliant than Christ. He will gain a powerful following. But theosophists should prepare themselves not to be deceived by what has now been characterized. Above all, it will be necessary to be firmly grounded in the good principles of theosophy in order not to be deceived in this area. It was above all the task and mission of the esotericism that has developed in the West since the thirteenth century, and about which much has been said, to clearly work out what can be said about the nature of Christ in this connection. So that those who stand firmly on the ground of this esotericism will recognize more and more clearly the central position that Christ occupies within the development of the earth. And we will eventually come to assert, in contrast to all so-called reincarnations of Christ on our earth, something very simple: just as a balance beam must be supported at only one point and not at two or more, so the development of the earth must have a fundamental impulse. And anyone who assumes that Christ has had several incarnations is making the same mistake as someone who thinks that a balance beam works well because it is supported at two points. If this happens, then it is no longer a balance beam. And that which would pass over the earth in multiple incarnations would no longer be Christ. This is what every trained occultist will assert about the nature of Christ. A simple comparison always points to the uniqueness of the nature of Christ. The Gospel and theosophy are in complete harmony here.