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Initiation, Eternity and the Passing Moment
GA 138

26 August 1912, Munich

Lecture II

In these lectures we shall have to discuss important questions intimately related to spiritual life. We shall have to speak of what lies at the basis of so-called initiation and, after having indicated some of its secrets and laws, we must go on to speak of the significance of all that radiates out for life from initiation and initiates in the course of human evolution. We shall have to speak of all this in relation to what may be summed up in such contrasting ideas as eternity and the passing moment, the light of the spirit and the darkness of life. Then, having considered the life of man from the point of view these ideas give, we shall return again to the power of initiation and the power of initiates. It is the principle of initiation, then, that on this occasion will be the limit of our studies.

Eternity; we need only touch on this idea to feel resounding in us something connected with the deepest longings of man's soul and with the highest aims of his endeavour. The passing moment always brings before us all that surrounds us in life, that reminds us of the necessity to search in this passing moment of our lives for what is able to give us a view into the land of our desire, into eternity. We only have to call to mind how Goethe introduced into his Faust the deepest secret of this his greatest poem, by making Faust say to the passing moment. “Tarry yet, thou art so fair!” and making him then confess that if such can become the soul's attitude, if it can so identify itself with this confession as to say to the passing moment, “Tarry yet, thou art so fair,” it must necessarily follow that Faust should own that he deserves to fall victim to Mephistopheles, the enemy of mankind on earth. Thus, Goethe makes everything connected with the feeling that flows from the passing moment the basic mystery of his greatest poem. It seems then that what we live in—the passing moment—is in opposition to what we call eternity, for which man's soul must constantly long.

The light of the spirit! In all the anthroposophical studies we have pursued over the years, we have recognised that the striving after spirit light has the fundamental aim of leading man out of the darkness of life. Once more we feel how in Faust, one of the greatest poems in human evolution, a poet, wishing to portray a great and all-embracing soul, cannot but make it come forth out of the darkness of life. What is it that entangles Faust at the beginning of the poem? What envelops him? It is the darkness of life. How often have we to emphasise that so great is the force and power of this darkness over man, that the spirit light, finding him immature, may so work upon him as not to illuminate but to dazzle and stun him. So that the question may not only be, “What is the way to the light of the spirit, where can it be found?” but rather and above all, “How must man tread the path of the soul that is able to lead him to the spirit light in the right way?”

These are only the guiding lines that should occupy us in these lectures. We have reached such a stage in our anthroposophical work that we need not develop our subject from the very start, but may connect it to some of the things already familiar to us.

When we meet the word, initiation, which is for us so intimately connected with the words eternity and spirit light, all the great men of whom we have heard in the successive epochs of humanity as initiates, become living in our souls. With them our souls call to life, too, the several epochs themselves, how they ran their courses, how men lived in them, and how the light streamed into humanity from both initiates and initiation temples in order to make possible what the impulses, the essential driving forces of human evolution, have in all ages become. It would take us too far afield today to refer in detail to all that happened in earth evolution before the Atlantean catastrophe broke upon the face of the earth, completely changing it. We can gain an adequate idea of what we are considering if we turn our gaze to post-Atlantean times, remembering the particular configuration of the human being and his various aspects throughout the ages.

We will let our gaze sweep back over the characteristic civilisation that followed immediately after the face of the earth had been re-formed by the Atlantean catastrophe. We have often spoken reverently of all that in the first post-Atlantean epoch the great and holy teachers of mankind brought to that part of the earth where later the Indian civilisation was developed. We have remarked how the soul cannot but look up from below to the lofty spiritual teachings that came into the world at that time, through certain human individualities who still bore within them all the inward greatness of those men who in Atlantean times had direct communion, which was no longer possible in later epochs of mankind, with the divine spiritual worlds. We have pointed out how the heritage of Atlantean wisdom, now accessible to the occultist alone, lived on in post-Atlantean form in the ancient holy teachers of the first post-Atlantean period of culture. We have also pointed out how great and significant man finds all that then lived, to which, now, it is only the Akashic Records that bear witness, when he receives reflections of it in Indian, or any other oriental literature. The moral and spiritual sublimity contained in these writings as an echo of primeval spiritual teachings cannot be fully realised by present-day humanity insofar as external culture is concerned. Least of all can it be realised in the countries that have been prepared for their present external culture by what the various forms of Christianity have accomplished during the last centuries. Thus the soul felt directed upwards when it turned its gaze to all the greatness that, so dimly sensed today, has only come down to us as a faint echo of primeval spirituality. So, if man looks up to the old wisdom and remembers above all what has often been mentioned here, namely, that only in the seventh and last epochs of the post-Atlantean age will mankind again reach the point of drawing up out of the darkness of life the understanding of what once lived at the beginning of post-Atlantean times and gave the impulse for human evolution—if we consider that mankind must mature to the last epoch before it can feel and experience in itself what at that time was felt and experienced, then only shall we get a sense of how exalted must have been the initiation principle that gave the impulse to the ancient, holy, spiritual culture of mankind.

Then we see how, in the course of successive epochs, mankind, struggling for other spiritual treasures, other treasures of earthly life, seems to descend ever lower, how it takes other forms, but how, according to the needs of the age, great initiates give to men from the spiritual worlds what they require at any particular epoch as impulse for their culture. Then, before our vision, arises the Zarathustra culture that, if seen in its true light, entirely differs from that of the holy Rishis.

We then see the Egyptian-Chaldean culture arise, and the ancient holy mysteries of Greece, to which we referred from a quite different aspect in our last lecture. Everywhere we see the light of the spirit shining down, according to the needs of the different epochs, into the darkness of life. If at the outset of our considerations we ask what are our ideas of an initiate—it is obvious that at the beginning of these lectures only approximate ideas can be given of so vast a concept—we must first gather up much of all we have already heard in the anthroposophical field. We must be clear that for complete initiation it is necessary that man should not look out on the world from within his physical body in the usual way, by perceiving the world around him through his eyes and other sense organs, nor must he gain knowledge of this world or any other world around him through the intellect bound to the brain, nor through what he may call his sense of orientation. He must not form concepts about these worlds in the ordinary way. He must arrive at a stage in which, by means of what we may term “the perceiving of worlds outside his physical body,” he develops something in his life of soul that may be called a super-sensible spiritual body, having within it organs of perception, though of a higher kind, just as the physical body has eyes and cars and other organs of perception and understanding. “One who can see worlds without using the organs of his physical body” can be given as an entirely explicit definition of an initiate. The great initiates, who gave man the important cultural impulses in the course of successive ages, had attained in the highest measure independence of the sensory body, and use of another quite different in character.

I do not wish to say much that is abstract. Wherever possible I shall bring forward concrete examples, and today therefore I should like to illustrate this life outside the sensory body in a higher organisation belonging to the soul and to illustrate it by means of the following example.

If one who has only gone a few steps on the way to initiation, realises through self-observation what it is that he experiences in and of himself, he may say something like, “One of the first things I experienced of myself is that I have within me, besides my physical body of flesh, a finer one that may be called an etheric body, which in earth life is carried about with me just like the physical body.” Anyone making his first steps toward initiation realises this at first in such a way that he feels within this body and experiences it just as, on another level, he feels what lives in his blood or nervous system, or in what arises from his muscular system. Such an inner feeling and experience is present, and it can exist also for the etheric body. It is then particularly useful for a student in the first stages of initiation to get to know the difference, or one might say the relationship, between the realisation of himself, the experience of himself in his physical body, on the one hand, and on the other, in his etheric body. Man experiences himself in the etheric body in the same way as one is conscious of the blood or the beating of one's heart and pulse in the physical body.

To gain a clear idea of this we may consider the etheric body in connection with the physical body, in which one is more at home than in the body that one only succeeds in reaching by means of a journey into the spiritual. One may say to oneself, “In my etheric body I have a part corresponding to my physical brain and to all that constitutes my head. The head, the brain, is as though crystallised out of the etheric body, and so rests within it that it might be compared to a piece of ice floating in water—the water representing the etheric body and the ice, the physical body crystallised from the etheric body. An intimate connection is felt and experienced between what may be called the etheric part of the head or brain, and the physical brain itself. We then realise how we create our thoughts, how we form memory images within the etheric body, and how the physical brain is only a kind of reflector, but we also realise how intimate is the connection of the brain with the etheric body. This can be experienced with especial force when one has to work hard at tasks connected with the physical plane in the physical life, when prolonged thought about things is necessary, and when one must exert the physical body to bring up memory images from the depths of life and to hold them together. In such a process, the etheric body always takes a direct part, whether one knows it or not. But inwardly connected with it is the physical brain, and if this brain is tired out, fatigue is markedly felt in the corresponding etheric part. We then notice something like a block in what is experienced as the etheric part of the brain, something like a foreign body, so that one can no longer get at what one must know since mobility in the physical brain must run parallel with mobility in the etheric body. You may then have the distinct feeling that your etheric body never grows tired. It would be able to gather up thought images to all eternity, and bring to the surface all that you know. But before all this can be expressed in the physical world, it must be reflected back, and this the brain refuses to do. The etheric body never tires. Just because it can be continuously active, it notices the fatigue of the brain all the more. One notices as it were the forces of exhaustion produced by the brain, and when the brain goes to sleep and falls into the torpor of fatigue, one might say, “Now you must stop or you will be ill.” The etheric body cannot be used up, but by giving the brain too much to do it is possible indirectly to over tire it more and more, thus bringing about a lifeless, deathlike condition. A living organism will not suffer anything normally connected with it to be partially deadened and brought into an abnormal state. Hence, out of a free resolve, one must say, “So that I may not kill part of my brain and leave it to go on consuming itself, I must stop when I begin to feel it like something foreign inside me.”

That is what we experience when we try to find the relation between that part of the human or etheric body, which corresponds to the brain or head, and the physical brain or physical head itself. There is an intimate connection between them. In effect, the external life of the senses runs its course in such a way that it is impossible to break down what is parallel between the two. Therefore, if we want to express the relation, we may also say that in our head, especially in our brain, we have a faithful expression of the etheric forces, something that, in the external phenomena and external functions, gives us a really faithful image of the functions and processes in the corresponding etheric part.

It is different in the case of other organs of the human etheric body and the corresponding physical sense organs. These things are quite different. I will give you an example. Consider the hands. Just as there exists in the etheric body an etheric part corresponding to the head or brain, so there are etheric processes in the human etheric body corresponding to the hands. But the difference between the external physical hands and their tasks, and what lies at the basis of the corresponding etheric part is far greater than the difference between the physical head and its corresponding part in the human etheric body. What the hands perform has far more to do with the world of the senses and is much more a purely sensory function, while what is done by the corresponding etheric organs is only manifest in a small degree in what finds physical expression in the hands.

In order to describe the corresponding facts, I must, as is often the case, say things that appear grotesque and strange for physical experience, and for grasping physical observations in words. But what I say is fully in accordance with basic facts, and everyone who knows anything about these things will at once feel that they really are as I am obliged to describe them. They are the etheric parts corresponding to the physical hands. But apart from the fact that what corresponds to these etheric parts finds its expression in the hands and their movements, these etheric organs in the etheric body are true spiritual organs. The etheric organs expressed in the hands and their functions, work far more intuitively, more spiritually, and perform a far higher task than is accomplished by the etheric brain. Whoever has made progress in these matters will say that the brain with its etheric basis is in effect by far the least skilful of the spiritual organs man bears within him because as soon as he begins to bestir himself in the etheric part of the brain, he soon becomes aware of this foreign part of it.

The spiritual activities connected with the organs underlying the hands, but incompletely expressed in the hands and their functions, serve for a far higher, more spiritual kind of knowledge and observation. These organs can lead into the super-sensible world and can occupy themselves with our perception and orientation there. A spiritual seer may express this, somewhat surprisingly but accurately, by saying that the human brain is a most clumsy organ for research in the spiritual world, and that the hands, or the spiritual basis of the hands, are far more interesting and significant organs for gaining knowledge of the world, and are certainly far more skilful organs than the brain.

Not much is gained on the way to initiation by advancing from the use of the physical brain to a free use of the etheric brain. The difference is not great between what may be achieved through a purified, intuitive brain-thinking, and regulated spiritual working in the etheric spiritual counterpart of the brain. The difference becomes much greater between what our hands accomplish in the world, and what can be done by the etheric part that is the spiritual basis of the hands, in the same way as the etheric brain is the spiritual basis of the physical brain. On the path of initiation not much development of the etheric brain is necessary, since it is not a particularly important organ. But the etheric basis of the hands is connected with the activity of the lotus flower in the region of the heart, as you will learn in my book, Knowledge of the Higher Worlds and Its Attainment.

This lotus flower pours out its rays of force in such a way as to build up the organism that, at the stage at which physical man now stands, exists in an incomplete form in the hands and their functions. When we learn this fact, and think of the great difference between the mere use of physical hands and all that we can acquire as regards the super-sensible world through the etheric organs underlying the hands—such far more skilful organs than those of the etheric brain—we gain a vivid conception of learning to experience initiation and all the enrichment that it means for man. We do not acquire much enrichment through the feeling that our brain radiates out to feel its etheric counterpart. This is the case, but it is not a really permeating and significant experience. The significant experience begins when one feels that other parts are also expanding and making contact with the universe. Though it may sound strange, yet it is true that the least skilful organ for spiritual investigation is the brain, since it is the least capable of development. On the other hand, entirely new perspectives are opened out when we consider other apparently subordinate organs.

Thus there takes place a complete transformation of what man experiences in himself when he starts on the first steps toward the heights of initiation. It is necessary that one should bring this to consciousness, that one should grasp it as an inner transformation of the human personality, like the principle of development elsewhere in the universe; one thing passes over into another, the later being called, though perhaps not always appropriately, the more perfect as compared with the earlier. If we are clear how in the course of evolution one thing is transformed into another, how the seed of the plant is transformed and becomes leaves, flower and fruit, we can say that the human personality, too, experiences something of this kind; namely, what it is and what it can become through the methods given in Knowledge of the Higher Worlds, which are the first beginnings of what may lead us right up to the highest regions of initiation. It is good—and you will see why—to arouse within us a living conception of how the men who are destined to become spiritual leaders in the course of time develop themselves inwardly, how all becomes transformed that is at first only germinal and appears so imperfect in man, like the hands in comparison with other organs. Outwardly, this transformation is not noticeable, but the inward change is all the more significant. Just as the outer world exists even for one who is blind and cannot see what is visible to others but only appears if the eye is there, so the world that is spiritual is present around us. But we have to bring to it what we can in order that the spiritual content of the world should approach us.

Now, in the various epochs of humanity there must stream into the course of evolution as impulse all that can be given through living oneself into the spiritual world. This is what was always behind everything proceeding from the mysteries, the initiation centres. A true idea of the course of human evolution may be gained by thinking of the great initiates as the real driving force, the real individualities, behind what is to be perceived externally. The connection between what these great initiates have to do and what happens externally in the World, often only becomes perceptible through anthroposophy or some other form of occultism. The external, purely historical knowledge of the learned only sees that human history, human evolution, is running its course; it does not see the driving forces behind it. In external history we follow what seems like a chain of phenomena, one link following another in a succession of external events. But that at certain points of the chain impulses are entering from quite another world by way of initiation, this we only learn to accept through anthroposophical development. Thus, anthroposophically we see the inmost centre in the course of time and all that, fundamentally, gives to evolution its whole stamp and character. We perceive the various developments of religion as an out-streaming from the initiates. We perceive how the impulses flowing from the mysteries and initiation centres pass over into the general life of mankind.

Whoever regards the evolution of mankind in this way becomes, as a matter of course, free from any kind of a priori preference for a particular religion. This has always been the case with genuine occultism. It is one of the first requirements of initiation to divest oneself of all prejudices and preconceived feelings that grow up in a human soul when it incarnates into a particular religious system or community. In self-education one has to watch carefully that nothing remains in the soul that might give preference to any one religion. We must meet with absolute impartiality all that is contained in the various religions that, through initiation as impulse of development, has entered human evolution. As soon as there is any preference for a particular religion, something like an astral mist is formed through which no free vision is possible. Anyone who, by reason of an inclination that is a matter of course in ordinary life, harbours a preference in his soul for any religion, will never be able to understand other religions. Though he may not know it, he will perceive the predominance of one part of the contents of initiation and will never attain impartial knowledge of the other. Thus, for an occult view, it is obvious that one should confront without prejudice the various streams and impulses flowing from initiation. No one in studying a plant would give the flower preference over the root because he then would not be able to form an objective judgement of its whole structure. Just as little can a correct judgement of the inner content of one religious principle be gained if one is unable to observe other religions with complete impartiality.

In these lectures we shall be speaking of the demands the soul must make upon itself when taking the first steps toward initiation. I should like first to arouse a feeling of how initiation is related to life, and of how the various initiation centre's and initiation impulses stand in regard to human evolution, particularly in post-Atlantean times.

Now occult investigation, in following up this course of human evolution, has a peculiar experience that can only be properly appreciated when such words as have just been spoken about the equal value of all religions are genuinely understood. When these ideas become a matter of course, something remarkable is experienced that will be increasingly better understood during the course of these lectures.

Let us turn our gaze to the initiates who give light to mankind as the ages go by. A man living primarily in the physical world, looking back on the initiates as historical and traditional figures, may say, “Those are the great figures of world history.” When necessary, history has taken good care that as little as possible should be known of them. Although this may sound paradoxical, it is a good thing that humanity should know so little of Homer, for example, since it has not been possible for his image to be distorted by the learned as has been done in the case of other personalities. So will it be—we may well long for this—with Goethe when once he has become as unknown a personality as Homer is today. Man's soul then can look out into the external world at these personalities, and see what they did there. Then he may himself take the first steps in initiation and become able to turn his gaze on the great figures of initiation such as Buddha or Zarathustra. He may be able to remember what Buddha or Zarathustra was to him in the world of the senses, what sort of impression he there received of these human individualities. Then, when some degree of spiritual light has dawned for him through initiation, he may ask, “How does Buddha now appear to me, and how Zarathustra?” And he will say, “I now have more knowledge of Buddha and Zarathustra. I know something I was not able to know in the world of the senses.” Such a man may then develop even further, until he comes to the stage when he will see better what these beings are as spiritual entities. One learns to know a Buddha, a Zarathustra, better the more one lives oneself into spiritual light until, when at last a certain limit is reached, it stops. That is one secret phenomenon, however, that has no need to be discussed further here. Suffice it to say that, as higher worlds are approached, further knowledge may come to a stop. This is the case as regards all initiates whom we meet in world evolution.

Now the spiritual student, who has not advanced too far, can easily be mistaken in these matters. That, however, is not of much consequence. It may happen that some human individuality, who in bygone ages stood high as a spiritual seer, on being reincarnated later, seems to have descended from his former spiritual heights. But the truth is simply that there are certain connections in human evolution where those who have already been initiates, are reincarnated as non-initiates because time conditions call for them to accomplish certain deeds for which their initiation, latent during one or more incarnations, may work in some special way. Mistakes may easily arise about such individualities as they appear to us here or there making their way in external life, and quite wrong ideas may be formed about them. But in the course of progress these mistakes have gradually to be corrected. On the whole, therefore, it is a fact that man's relation to the initiates is such that he learns to know them better as he himself ascends toward the light of the spirit.

In the successive epochs of human evolution we find one remarkable phenomenon. I could give examples of what I have just told you of the confusing way in which initiates on reincarnating sometimes appear to have come down from their heights. You would probably be much surprised if I told you, for instance, in what way Dante was reincarnated in the nineteenth century. But it is not my task here to discuss further this result of my own investigation and what was established for me. Rather have I to bring forward with strong proof the things known to everyone conversant with occultism, letting everything else recede into the background and stating nothing that is not generally recognised where bona fide occultism is upheld.

Now another remarkable phenomenon appears to us that can best be expressed by saying that we meet with a Being regarding Whom it would be senseless to say that He was initiated like other initiates. While through Him the principle of initiation stands before us in the world objectively and is there, yet it would be meaningless to speak of this Individuality as having been initiated on earth like other initiates in the course of human evolution. I have often touched on this fact. A certain degree of misconception has arisen by understanding this fact as originating in specifically Christian prejudice. In reality it is not any kind of Christian prejudice, but should be stated as the objective result of occult research. This Individuality Who was not initiated like other initiates, of Whom it would be quite meaningless to speak as having gone through initiation like others, is Christ Jesus Himself. Let us again emphasise that, just as it is impossible to understand a scale if it is said that it should be suspended from two points instead of one since the one point constitutes its very nature—just as it would be impossible for a competent mechanic to maintain that a scale should be suspended from two or more points, it would be equally impossible for any genuine occultist to maintain that our earth evolution could have more than one fulcrum, more than one centre of stability. I have said that this is an objective result of occult research that may be recognised by anyone, be he Buddhist or Moslem.

Anyone who has made certain progress in occult development learns to know the initiates insofar as they are great personalities or have done great deeds. He learns to know them in the spiritual worlds as he ascends toward initiation, and the higher he rises the better he learns to know them. Let us take the example of a man who possibly had no opportunity in his earthly life to learn to know the Buddha and had never concerned himself about him. I know people who have entered deeply into the whole life of the occident without having any idea of the Buddha. It might be said of them that in their bodily life in the physical world they never had anything to do with him. Or take someone who in his earthly life has never interested himself in the great leaders of the Chinese religion. Imagine men of this kind entering the super-physical worlds through initiation or, as in some of the cases I know, entering these worlds for the first time after physical death. They can then become acquainted with Buddha, Moses and Zarathustra because they can meet them as spiritual beings and gain a real knowledge of them. If they want to gain knowledge of these personalities, the fact that they had no opportunity to do so on earth is no hindrance. But it is quite different in the case of Christ. I beg you to receive this as an occult fact. Suppose a man had never in any of his incarnations established a relation with the Christ Being. That is a hindrance to him when, in order to find Christ in higher worlds, he is using his perceptive faculties in an ultra-physical world, for Christ cannot then appear to him in His true form. It is on earth that it is essential to prepare for the vision and recognition of the Christ Being in higher worlds. This is the occult difference in the relation of man to other initiates. The Christ event is such that something specific becomes related to the actual physical evolution of the earth in its most important phase, radiates down into the earth's physical evolution and forms its centre of gravity.

Now let us assume that the beings who live out their lives as human souls did not at first pay any attention to the earth. It might be that something happened in the course of the world to make these souls say, “We will take no notice of the earth; why should we incarnate down there?” This is, of course, impossible but let us assume it for a moment.

Then, insofar as what belongs to the earth is spiritual, these human souls would be able to experience it in the spiritual worlds, and all the great, sublime principles that were active in the initiates would there be visible to them. Were such a soul in the higher worlds to put the question to cosmic evolution, “Of all the beings in the higher worlds I want to know the Christ, to learn to understand His world mission and His essential task,” then the answer would have to be, “If you would know the Being Who is for us the Christ, then you must incarnate on earth. You must in some way participate in the Mystery of Golgotha in order to enter into relation with the Christ Being.”

The Christ Mystery had to take place on earth in accordance with cosmic law. The earth is the stage where, in accordance with cosmic law, the Mystery of Golgotha has had to be enacted, and where the essential foundation has had to be laid for an understanding of the Christ. The understanding of the Christ that man gains on earth is a preparation, on a different scale to any other preparation that takes place on earth, for any vision and knowledge of this Being in the higher worlds. Therefore, in the Christ Being the principle of initiation was lived out in quite a different way from that of other initiates. They experienced a super-sensible world, indeed, sometimes profoundly, and gave the various impulses out of that world into the course of human evolution. But when they had experience of the higher worlds, when they were within them, they were out of their physical bodies. Though it did not require much effort on the part of high initiates to leave the physical body, though but a small step was necessary to issue from it into the fullness of spiritual facts, yet it is true that this transition from the physical body to the higher bodies has to be made. In the Christ Jesus we have the distinctive phenomenon that, in reality, in accordance with the principle of initiation—in accordance, that is, with what man needs in order to bring about initiation—He never, during the whole three years He was living on earth, deliberately left the physical body as is done in initiation. He always remained within it. All that He brought into life and gave to the world during those three years He gave through His physical body. The other initiates gave what they had to give to mankind through their super-physical bodies. In Christ we have the one and only individuality Who has given all that He gave, all that He said, all that went out from Him into human evolution, through His physical body and never indirectly through the higher bodies.

In ordinary consciousness this is experienced in such a way that the sense of it can be summed up by saying that in Christ we have a phenomenon that can be understood by the most primitive consciousness that anyone possesses through the body by means of which we speak in everyday life. Hence, the intimate, brotherly union with the Christ Individuality, the possibility of understanding the Christ Individuality without the aid of education, simply by means of original primitive human feeling; hence, the necessity for working up to a higher form of comprehension, if one wishes to understand the other initiates. Thus what I have often emphasised in these last ten years is true. In Christ we have a Being Whom the simplest mind can understand, although anyone who has raised himself to this higher comprehension will understand Him better. In Christ Jesus all that can be connected with a human body was present, spiritualising the human body to the greatest possible extent, and working in the human body through Christ Jesus. The other initiates were not able to be so fully active while giving forth what was spiritual because they had always to go out of their physical body and return to it later in order to reveal what they had retained of the super-sensible world. Christ, however, always had to live everything out in the physical world through the physical body.

Such things must be taken into consideration if we would go into the true connections. Everything else is empty talk, as for instance, when it is discussed whether Christ or the other initiates stand the higher. Nothing is gained by such classification; that is quite beside the mark. The essential thing is to look into the connection between the beings. It is a matter of personal preference whether the founder of one religion is deemed “higher” than another. That will not do much harm; men are always subject to such little weaknesses. The important thing is to realise wherein consists the actual distinction between the position of Christ and that of the other initiates in the world. We may then calmly allow people to say, “I consider this or that individuality the higher on account of what he did.” When the difference I have described is understood, the distinction will also be understood between the impulses that have come into the world through the various initiates.

Zweiter Vortrag

Wir werden in diesem kurzen Vortragszyklus wichtige Angelegenheiten des geistigen Lebens zu besprechen haben, Angelegenheiten, die dieses geistige Leben im umfassendsten Sinne berühren. Wir werden zu sprechen haben über dasjenige, was zugrunde liegt der sogenannten Initiation oder Einweihung, und - nachdem wir auf einige Geheimnisse und Gesetze dieser Initiation werden hingedeutet haben - von der Bedeutung dessen, was ausstrahlt im Laufe der Menschheitsentwickelung für das Leben von der Initiation und von den Initiierten. Wir werden von allem, was da ausstrahlt, zu sprechen haben mit Bezug auf dasjenige, was man in die einander so entgegengesetzten Vorstellungen zusammenfassen kann: Ewigkeit und Augenblick, Geisteslicht und Lebensdunkel. Nachdem wir unter dem Gesichtspunkt, den uns diese Vorstellungen liefern werden, gewissermaßen das Leben des Menschen werden betrachtet haben, soll dann wieder zurückgekommen werden auf die Kraft der Initiation und auf die Kraft der Initiierten. Begrenzen also soll diesmal diese Betrachtungen das Prinzip der Initiation.

Ewigkeit - wir brauchen die Vorstellung nur anzuschlagen, und wir fühlen es, es klingt etwas in uns, was zusammenhängt mit den tiefsten Sehnsuchten der menschlichen Seele, mit dem Höchsten, das unter seinen Strebenszielen der Mensch benennen kann. Augenblick - ein Wort, das uns immer wieder hindeutet auf dasjenige, in dem wir eigentlich leben, und auf die Notwendigkeit, in diesem Augenblick, in dem wir leben, dasjenige aufzusuchen, was uns den Ausblick geben kann in das Land der Sehnsucht, in die Ewigkeit. Man braucht sich nur zu erinnern, daß das tiefste Geheimnis seiner größten Dichtung Goethe in seinen «Faust» so hineingelegt hat, daß er den Faust gegenüber dem Augenblicke aussprechen läßt: «Verweile doch! du bist so schön!» und sich dann gestehen läßt: Wenn das Gesinnung der Seele werden kann, wenn es möglich ist, daß sich die Seele identifizieren könnte mit einem Geständnis, zum Augenblicke zu sagen: «Verweile doch! du bist so schön!», dann müßte sogleich das Geständnis für Faust folgen, daß er würdig wäre, dem Gegner des Erdenmenschentums, dem Mephistopheles, zu verfallen. Was mit der Empfindung, die aus dem Augenblicke quillt, zusammenhängt, hat ja Goethe zum eigentlichen Grundgeheimnis seiner größten Dichtung gemacht. So scheint es, als ob dasjenige, in dem wir leben, der Augenblick, ganz entgegengesetzt wäre dem, was wir als Ewigkeit bezeichnen und wonach die Menschenseele immer wieder und wieder lechzen muß, sich sehnen muß.

Geisteslicht - soviel wir theosophische Betrachtungen angestellt haben im Laufe der Jahre, wir haben erkannt, daß das Bestreben nach dem Geisteslicht überall das zugrunde liegend hat: den Menschen hinauszuführen aus dem Lebensdunkel. Und wieder können wir etwas aus einer der größten Dichtungen der Menschheitsentwickelung, aus dem «Faust» heraus fühlen: wie ein Dichter, wenn er eine große, in sich umfassende Seele schildern will, nicht umhin kann, sie auch herauskommen zu lassen aus dem Lebensdunkel. Denn, was umwebt Faust im Beginne der Dichtung? Worin ist er ganz verstrickt? Im Lebensdunkel! Und wie oft mußten wir es betonen, daß dieses Lebensdunkel für den Menschen eine so große Kraft und Gewalt hat, daß das Geisteslicht, wenn es ihn in unreifem Zustande trifft, auf ihn so wirken kann, daß es ihn nicht erhellt, daß es ihn blendet, daß es ihn betäubt. So kann es sich nicht nur darum handeln: Wie geht der Weg zum Geisteslicht, wo ist er zu finden? sondern vor allem muß es sich darum handeln: Wie muß der Mensch den Weg der Seele wandeln, der ihn in richtiger Weise zum Geisteslicht führen kann? - Damit sind nur die Linien gezeichnet, die uns in diesen Vorträgen beschäftigen sollen, und wir stehen ja in einer solchen Phase unserer theosophischen Arbeit, daß wir nicht vom Anbeginn an die Dinge zu entwickeln brauchen, sondern vielfach an Bekanntes anknüpfen können.

Wenn das Wort Initiation, das sich uns so innig verbündet hat mit den Worten Ewigkeit und Geisteslicht, an uns herandringt, dann werden in der Seele lebendig alle die großen Menschen, welche wir im Laufe der Menschheitsepochen als die Initiierten kennen. Und mit ihnen werden auch diese Menschheitsepochen selber in unserer Seele erweckt, wie sie abgelaufen sind, wie die Menschen in ihnen lebten und wie das Licht aus den Initiationsstätten und von den Initiierten zu den Menschen strömte, um eigentlich das erst möglich zu machen, was die Impulse, die eigentlich treibenden Kräfte der Menschheitsentwickelung zu allen Zeiten gewesen sind. Es würde viel zu weit führen, bei Gelegenheit einer solchen Besprechung immer zurückzuweisen in ausführlicher Weise auf das, was innerhalb der Erdenentwickelung geschehen ist, bevor jene so oft besprochene atlantische Katastrophe über die Erde hereingebrochen ist, welche das Antlitz unserer Erde vollständig verändert hat. Wir bekommen schon eine hinlängliche und ausreichende Vorstellung von dem, was da in Betracht kommt, wenn wir die nachatlantischen Zeiten ins Auge fassen und uns an die eigentümliche Konfiguration des Menschen erinnern, wie sie so verschiedenartig sich ausgeprägt hat im Folgelauf der Zeit.

Wir lassen unsern Blick zurückschweifen auf die tonangebende Kultur, wie sie sich angeschlossen hat, unmittelbar nachdem das Antlitz der Erde neugestaltet war durch die atlantische Katastrophe, und wir haben so oft mit Ehrfurcht zurückgewiesen auf dasjenige, was damals in der ersten Epoche der nachatlantischen Zeit die großen heiligen Lehrer der Menschheit gebracht haben an derjenigen Erdenstätte, an der später die indische Kultur sich entwickelt hat. Wir haben darauf aufmerksam gemacht, wie nur von unten nach oben aufschauen kann die Seele zu den hehren spirituellen Lehren, die damals durch Menschen-Individualitäten in die Welt gekommen sind, welche noch alle innere Größe in sich trugen derjenigen Menschen, die in der atlantischen Zeit den unmittelbaren Zusammenhang mit den göttlichen, mit den spirituellen Welten gehabt haben, wie das in den späteren Epochen der Menschheit nicht mehr möglich gewesen ist. Wir haben darauf hingewiesen, wie das Erbe der heute nur noch für den Okkultisten zu erreichenden atlantischen Weisheit in der nachatlantischen Form in den uralt heiligen Lehrern der ersten nachatlantischen Kulturperiode gelebt hat, und wir haben darauf hingewiesen, wie das, was damals gelebt hat, wovon es keine Aufzeichnungen gibt außer in dem, was wir die Akasha-Chronik nennen, für den Menschen hinlänglich groß und bedeutend erscheint, wenn ihm die Nachklänge davon entgegenleuchten in der indischen oder überhaupt in der orientalischen Literatur. Die Höhe der Moralität, die Höhe der Spiritualität, die in diesen Schriften als der Nachklang uralter geistiger Lehren enthalten ist, können der gegenwärtigen Menschheit gar nicht einmal - insofern von äußerer Bildung gesprochen wird - voll zum Bewußtsein kommen. Am wenigsten kann das in denjenigen Ländern sein, welche vorbereitet worden sind zu ihrer gegenwärtigen äußeren Kultur durch das, was das Christentum in seinen verschiedenen Formen im Laufe der letzten Jahrhunderte hat leisten können. So fühlte sich die Seele von unten nach oben gerichtet, wenn sie zu all dem Großen, heute nur zu Erahnenden hinaufblickte, das selbst nur noch als ein Nachklang dieser uralten Spiritualität zu uns gekommen ist. Wenn man die Sache so ansieht und sich vor allem dessen bewußt ist, was hier oft erwähnt worden ist, daß die Menschheit erst wieder in der siebenten, in der letzten Epoche der nachatlantischen Zeit - wir stehen jetzt in der fünften - dazu gelangen wird, aus dem Lebensdunkel heraufzuholen das Verständnis für das, was einmal am Ausgangspunkte der nachatlantischen Zeit gelebt hat und die Impulse gegeben hat für die menschheitliche Entwickelung, und wenn man bedenkt, daß die Menschheit wird heranreifen müssen bis zur letzten Epoche, um das in sich wieder zu fühlen und zu erleben, was damals erlebt und gefühlt worden ist, dann bekommt man aber auch ein Gefühl und eine Empfindung dafür, wie hoch das Prinzip der Initiation gewesen sein muß, welche die Impulse gegeben hat zu dieser uralt heiligen spirituellen Kultur der Menschheit. Und dann sehen wir, wie im Laufe der folgenden Epochen die Menschheit - ringend nach anderen geistigen Schätzen, nach anderen Schätzen des Erdendaseins - gleichsam immer weiter und weiter heruntersteigt, wie sie andere Formen annimmt, wie aber je nachdem, was die Zeiten fordern, die großen Initiierten aus der geistigen Welt heraus der Menschheit geben, was sie für ihre Kultur als Impulse für eine bestimmte Epoche nötig hat. Wir sehen dann vor unserem Blick auftauchen die ZarathustraKultur, die ganz andersartig ist, wenn wir sie in ihrem wahren Lichte betrachten, als die Kultur der heiligen Rishis; dann die ägyptischchaldäische Kultur; dann das, was in Griechenland die uralt heiligen Mysterien waren, wovon wir gestern in einem ganz anderen Sinne noch gesprochen haben, sehen überall hereinleuchten das Geisteslicht in das Lebensdunkel, wie es für die verschiedenen Zeiten notwendig ist.

Wenn wir uns jetzt einmal am Ausgange unserer Betrachtungen fragen: Welche Vorstellungen können wir uns von einem Initiierten bilden - es ist ja selbstverständlich, daß von einem so umfassenden Begriff namentlich im Beginne des Vortragszyklus zunächst nur Annäherungsbegriffe gegeben werden können, wir werden dann immer tiefer und tiefer in das Wesen der Initiation eindringen können -, so wird es zunächst notwendig sein, daß wir mancherlei von dem zusammennehmen, was wir bereits auf theosophischem Felde gehört haben. Machen wir uns klar, daß zur völligen Initiation notwendig ist, daß der Mensch innerhalb seines physischen Leibes die Welt nicht so betrachtet, daß er durch seine Augen und die anderen Sinnesorgane die Welt um sich herum wahrnimmt oder durch seinen an das Gehirn gebundenen Verstand und durch das, was er seinen Orientierungssinn nennen kann, diese Welt oder irgendeine Welt, die ihn umgibt, sieht. Daß der Mensch sich auch nicht über diese Welten, wie es gewöhnlich der Fall ist, seine Begriffe bildet, sondern daß er in die Lage gekommen ist, durch das, was man nennen kann «außerhalb seines physischen Leibes Welten wahrzunehmen», in seinem Seelensein etwas zu haben, was ein übersinnlicher, ein geistiger Leib genannt werden mag, der in sich solche Wahrnehmungsorgane — aber höherer Art - hat, wie der physische Leib die Augen, die Ohren und die übrigen Wahrnehmungs- und Verstandesorgane hat. Welten sehen, ohne sich der Organe des physischen Leibes zu bedienen, das ist das, was man als eine zunächst nicht vielsagende, aber in ihrer Trockenheit zutreffende Definition des Initiierten geben kann. Und die großen Initiierten, welche die bedeutsamen Kulturimpulse im Folgelauf der Zeiten den Menschen gegeben haben, sie haben diese Unabhängigkeit vom Sinnenleibe und dieses Gebrauchen eines ganz anderen Leibes eben in einem höchsten Maße erreicht. Ich möchte nicht in Abstraktionen viel sprechen, ich möchte möglichst auch zur Exemplifizierung Konkretes anführen, möchte also heute als ein Beispiel für ein solches Leben außerhalb des Sinnenleibes in einer höheren, der Seele zugehörigen Organisation das Folgende anführen.

Wenn derjenige, der auch nur einige Schritte auf dem Wege zur Initiation gemacht hat, sich durch Selbstbesinnung klarmacht, was er eigentlich in sich und an sich erlebt, so kann er sich etwa das Folgende sagen: Zu dem ersten, was ich an mir erfahre, gehört, daß ich außer meinem sinnlichen, fleischlichen Leibe in mir habe einen feineren, nennen wir ihn ätherischen Leib, den wir so mit uns herumtragen, wie wir den physischen Leib im Erdensein herumtragen. Wer die ersten Schritte zur Initiation hinauf macht, erlebt das zunächst so, daß er sich darin erfühlt, daß er dieses Erfühlen wahrnimmt, wie er auf anderer Stufe fühlt, was in seinem Blutsystem, in seinem Nervensystem lebt, oder was ersteht auf dem Boden seines Muskelsystems. Dieses innere Fühlen und Erleben ist ja da und das kann auch für den ätherischen Leib da sein. Insbesondere ist es dann nützlich für den Menschen, der auf den ersten Schritten zur Initiation ist, den besonderen Unterschied oder, man könnte auch sagen, die Beziehung zwischen dem Sich-Erfühlen, dem Sich-Erleben in dem elementarischen oder ätherischen Leibe und in dem physischen Leibe kennenzulernen. Man erlebt sich also in dem elementarischen Leibe, wie man weiß, daß man sein Blut, seinen Herzschlag oder seinen Pulsschlag in sich hat. Um sich das klarzumachen, kann man diesen elementarischen Leib in Zusammenhang betrachten mit dem physischen Leibe, in den man ja mehr hineingewöhnt ist als in das, was man sich erst erringt auf dieser geistigen Wanderschaft. Man kann sich sagen: In dem elementarischen Leibe hast du einen Teil, der entspricht dem physischen Gehirn, alledem, was deinen Kopf ausmacht. Der Kopf, das Gehirn ist gleichsam herauskristallisiert aus dem ätherischen Leibe und in demselben so darin, daß man es vergleichen könnte mit einer Wassermenge und einem Stück Eis, das darin schwimmt, wenn man das Wasser mit dem ätherischen Leibe vergleichen wollte und das Eis mit dem aus dem ätherischen Leibe herauskristallisierten physischen Leibe. Aber man fühlt, man erlebt, daß ein inniger Zusammenhang ist zwischen dem, was man den Ätherteil des Kopfes oder des Gehirns nennen kann, und dem physischen Kopfe selber. Man weiß dann, wie man seine Gedanken schafft, wie man seine Erinnerungsbilder bildet innerhalb des ätherischen Leibes und wie das physische Gehirn nur gleichsam ein Spiegelungsapparat ist, weiß aber auch, wie das Gehirn eng zusammenhängend ist mit dem ätherischen Leibe. Insbesondere kann man das dann erleben, wenn man sich recht stark beschäftigen muß mit Anstrengungen, die zusammenhängen mit dem physischen Plan, mit dem physischen Sein, wenn man viel nachdenken muß über die Dinge, wenn man also seinen physischen Leib anstrengen muß, daß er heraufholt aus den Tiefen des Lebens die Erinnerungsvorstellungen, um sie zusammenzuhalten. An einem solchen Vorgange ist immer zunächst, gleichgültig, ob man es weiß oder nicht, der ätherische Leib beteiligt. Aber es ist das physische Gehirn innig damit verbunden, und wenn man das physische Gehirn ermüdet, merkt man sehr, sehr die Ermüdung des Gehirns in dem betreffenden Ätherteile. Man merkt dann, daß man in dem, was man als elementarischen Gehirnteil erlebt, etwas wie einen Klotz, wie einen Fremdkörper hat, daß man nicht mehr herankann an das, woran man herankommen muß, denn die Beweglichkeit im physischen Gehirn ist etwas, was parallel gehen muß der Beweglichkeit im ätherischen Leibe. Man kann dann das deutliche Gefühl haben: Dein Ätherleib ermüdet auch nicht, er könnte bis in alle Ewigkeit fort die Gedankenbilder zusammenschließen und heraufholen dasjenige, was du weißt; aber um es in der physischen Welt zum Ausdruck zu bringen, muß es sich spiegeln, und da versagt das Gehirn. - Der elementarische Leib ermüdet nicht. Gerade weil er immerfort tätig sein kann, verspürt er die Ermüdung des Gehirns um so mehr. Man merkt gleichsam, was da das Gehirn an versagenden Kräften produziert. Und wenn es einschläft und in die Dumpfheit der Ermüdung verfällt, kann man sich sagen: Jetzt mußt du aufhören, sonst würdest du dich krank machen. - Man kann nicht den Ätherleib abnutzen. Aber auf dem Umwege, daß man dem Gehirn übermäßige Dinge zumutet, kann man fortfahren, es noch weiter zu ermüden und es so in einen lebenversagenden, toten Zustand bringen. Und das verträgt ein lebendiger Organismus nicht, daß etwas, was mit ihm in einem normalen Zusammenhange sein soll, partiell tot ist, daß es in einen abnormen Zustand kommt. Also man muß sich aus einem freien Entschluß sagen: Damit du nicht etwa abtötest einen Teil deines Gehirns, der dann von sich aus weiterfrißt, mußt du aufhören, wenn du dein Gehirn als ein Stück Fremdkörper in dir selbst empfindest.

So ist das Erleben, wenn man das Verhältnis aufsucht zwischen demjenigen, was im menschlichen elementarischen oder ätherischen Leibe entspricht dem Gehirn oder dem Kopfe, und dem physischen Gehirn oder physischen Kopfe selber. Da ist ein inniger Zusammenhang. Es verläuft das äußere Sinnensein in der Tat so, daß es unmöglich ist, den Parallelismus zwischen beiden in übergroßem Maße zu durchbrechen. Man möchte sagen, wenn man dieses Verhältnis ausdrücken will: In unserm Kopfe, namentlich in unserm Gehirn haben wir einen recht treuen Ausdruck der Ätherkräfte, haben wir etwas, was in seiner äußeren Erscheinung und in seinen äußeren Funktionen wirklich ein treues Abbild ist der Funktionen und der Vorgänge in dem entsprechenden Ätherteil.

Anders ist das für andere Organe des menschlichen elementarischen oder ätherischen Leibes und die entsprechenden physisch-sinnlichen Organe. Da sind die Dinge ganz anders. Ich will ein Beispiel anführen. Nehmen wir einmal die Hände. Geradeso wie dem Kopf oder dem Gehirn ein Ätherteil, ein elementarischer Teil in dem elementarischen Leibe entspricht, so entsprechen auch den Händen elementarische, ätherische Vorgänge des menschlichen Ätherleibes. Aber zwischen den äußeren physischen Händen und ihren Aufgaben und dem, was eigentlich dem zugrunde liegt in dem entsprechenden elementarischen oder ätherischen Teil, ist ein viel größerer Unterschied als zwischen dem physischen Kopfe und dem entsprechenden Teile in dem menschlichen elementarischen Leibe. Was die Hände tun, ist viel mehr bloß in der Sinneswelt verlaufend, ist viel mehr bloß eine sinnliche Verrichtung, und was die dazugehörigen elementarischen oder ätherischen Organe tun, findet nur zum allergeringsten Teile in dem, was physisch in den Händen zum Ausdruck kommt, seine Offenbarung. Ich muß, wie man das oftmals muß, um die entsprechenden Tatsachen zu charakterisieren, allerdings Dinge sagen, die für ein physisches Empfinden und für ein InWorte-Fassen von physischen Beobachtungen grotesk und paradox erscheinen, die aber doch dem Tatbestand, der hier zugrunde liegt, völlig entsprechen und die jeder, der etwas über die Dinge weiß, unmittelbar so empfinden wird, wie ich es auszusprechen habe. Den physischen Händen entsprechen elementarische Teile. Aber abgesehen davon, daß in den Händen, in den Bewegungen das zum Ausdruck kommt, was dem elementarischen Teile entspricht, sind diese ätherischen Organe innerhalb des Ätherleibes wahrhaftige Geistorgane. Ein höheres, viel intuitiveres, geistigeres Tun wird verrichtet in den Organen, die in den Händen und ihren Funktionen zum Ausdruck kommen, als durch das Äthergehirn. Wer auf diesem Gebiete Fortschritte gemacht hat, wird sagen: Ja, das Gehirn, auch das ätherisch zugrunde liegende, ist eigentlich das ungeschickteste geistige Organ, das der Mensch an sich trägt. Denn sobald man sich betätigt in dem elementarischen Teile des Gehirns, hat man verhältnismäßig sehr bald diesen Fremdkörper des Gehirns zu spüren. Diejenigen geistigen Verrichtungen aber, die gebunden sind an die Organe, die den Händen zugrunde liegen und einen unvollkommenen Ausdruck in den Händen und ihren Funktionen gewinnen, dienen zu weit höherem, geistigerem Erkennen und Beobachten; diese Organe führen schon in übersinnliche Welten und können sich beschäftigen mit der Wahrnehmung und mit der Orientierung in den übersinnlichen Welten. Drückt man als geistiger Schauer einen solchen Tatbestand aus, so muß man - etwas paradox, aber eben zutreffend - sagen: Das menschliche Gehirn ist das ungeschickteste Organ als Forschungsorgan für die geistige Welt, und die Hände - was ihnen geistig zugrunde liegt - sind viel interessantere, viel bedeutungsvollere Organe für die Erkenntnis dieser Welt, vor allen Dingen viel geschicktere Organe als das Gehirn. Auf dem Wege zur Initiation lernt man gar nicht sonderlich viel, wenn man von dem Gebrauch des Gehirnes zum freien Gebrauch des elementarischen Gehirnes vordringt. Der Unterschied ist nicht besonders groß zwischen dem, was man erreicht durch ein geläutertes intuitives Gehirndenken und durch ein reguläres geistiges Erarbeiten in dem elementarischen geistigen Ebenbild des Gehirns. Aber ins Große wächst der Unterschied zwischen dem, was in der Welt die Hände verrichten, und dem, was mit demjenigen elementarischen Teile zu verrichten ist, der ebenso geistig zugrunde liegt den Händen wie das ätherische Gehirn dem physischen. Und nicht viel braucht man auszubilden auf dem Wege zur Initiation in bezug auf das, was dem Gehirn entspricht, denn das ist kein besonders wichtiges Organ. Aber was den Händen zugrunde liegt, das hängt zusammen - wie Sie es beschrieben finden in «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?» mit der Tätigkeit der Lotosblume in der Herzgegend, die aber dann ihre Kraftstrahlen so ausstrahlt, daß sie die Organisation bilden, welche in unvollkommener Weise auf der Stufe, auf welcher der Mensch als physischer Mensch steht, in den Händen und ihren Funktionen dasteht. Wenn man zu einer solchen Sache aufrückt und sich eine Vorstellung machen kann von dem großen Unterschied, der besteht zwischen dem bloßen Gebrauch der physischen Hände und demjenigen, was man sich erarbeitet in bezug auf eine übersinnliche Welt durch die viel geschickteren elementarischen Organe, welche den Händen zugrunde liegen, als es die elementarischen Organe des Gehirnes sind, dann bekommt man einen lebendigen Begriff von dem Sich-Hineinleben in die Initiation, von dem Reicherwerden des Menschen. Man wird nicht dadurch erheblich reicher, daß man fühlt: Dein Hirn will ausstrahlen und fühlen den Ätherteil des Gehirns. Das ist der Fall, aber es ist nicht das eigentlich tonangebende, bedeutsame Erleben. Das bedeutsame Erleben beginnt damit, daß man auch andere Partien sich ausdehnen und einen Zusammenhang mit der Welt sich erschaffen fühlt. Und wenn das auch paradox ist, so ist es doch so, daß man sagen kann: Das ungeschickteste Organ zum geistigen Forschen ist das Gehirn, denn es ist das am wenigsten ausbildungsfähige. Dagegen eröffnen sich ganz andere Perspektiven, wenn man die anderen scheinbar untergeordneten Organe berücksiichtigt.

So findet eine völlige Umwandlung mit dem statt, was der Mensch in sich erlebt, wenn er aufsteigt die ersten Schritte hinauf zu den Höhen der Initiation, und notwendig ist es, daß man sich zum Bewußtsein bringt, daß man dieses als innere Umwandlung der menschlichen Persönlichkeit so erfaßt, wie sonst auch das Prinzip der Entwickelung in der Welt ist, so daß das eine in das andere übergeht und man - wenn es vielleicht auch nicht ganz sachgemäß ist das Spätere das Vollkommenere gegenüber dem Früheren nennt. Wenn man an dem Gang der Entwickelung sich klarmacht, wie das eine ins andere sich verwandelt, wie der Keim der Pflanze sich umwandelt und zu Blättern, Blüte und Frucht wird, dann kann man sich sagen: Die menschliche Persönlichkeit findet auch so etwas, was sie ist und was sie werden kann, durch die Mittel, die angegeben sind in «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?» und die die ersten Anfänge zu dem sind, was dann auch in die höchsten Regionen der Initiation hinaufführt. Es ist gut - und Sie werden sehen, daß es gut ist -, sich so eine lebendige Vorstellung davon hervorzurufen, wie die Menschen, die im Spirituellen Führer sein sollen im Folgelauf der Zeiten, sich innerlich umwandeln, wie das, was erst veranlagt ist im Menschen und sich so unvollkommen zeigt wie die Hände gegenüber den anderen Organen, sich verwandelt, was der Mensch äußerlich nicht bemerkt; dafür wird er aber innerlich um so bedeutungsvoller ein anderer. Daß so in der Welt etwas enthalten ist, wie es vorhanden ist für den, der etwa blind ist und nicht sehen kann, was man sonst mit den Augen sieht, was erst in Erscheinung tritt, wenn das Auge da ist, so ist die Welt des Spirituellen um uns herum vorhanden. Aber wir müssen ihr entgegenbringen, was wir selbst ihr entgegenbringen können, damit uns das entgegenkommt, was spirituell in der Welt enthalten ist.

Innerhalb der verschiedenen Menschheitsepochen muß nun einströmen in den Gang der Entwickelung als Impulse das, was so gegeben werden kann durch ein Sich-Hineinleben in die geistigen Welten. Das lag immer dem zugrunde, was von den Mysterien, von den Initiationsstätten ausgegangen ist. Man stellt sich richtig den Gang der Menschheitsentwickelung vor, wenn man sich hinter dem, was äußerlich wahrnehmbar ist, als die eigentlich treibenden Kräfte und Individualitäten die großen Initiierten vorstellt. Wie der Zusammenhang ist zwischen dem, was diese großen Initiierten zu tun haben, und dem, was dann äußerlich in der Welt geschieht, das ist vielfach erst durch Theosophie oder Okkultismus überhaupt durchschaubar. Für das äußere, rein geschichtliche, rein gelehrte Erkennen ist es so, daß man eigentlich nur sieht: Da verläuft die Menschheitsgeschichte, da verläuft die Menschheitsentwickelung. Aber man sieht nicht die treibenden Kräfte, die dahinter sind. So verfolgt man in der äußeren Geschichte wie eine Kette von Erscheinungen, bei der sich Glied an Glied anreiht, was äußerlich aufeinander folgt. Daß aber an einer gewissen Stelle der Kette Einschläge aus einer ganz anderen Welt kommen, auf dem Umwege der Initiation kommen, das ist das, was wir - aus Gründen, die auch schon erörtert worden sind - durch die theosophische Erkenntnis in uns aufnehmen können. So erblicken wir theosophisch gerade das Innerlichste in dem Folgelauf der Zeiten, dasjenige, was dann doch auch für die ganze Signatur, für den ganzen Charakter der Entwickelung am meisten zugrunde liegt. So empfinden wir die Religionen, die Vielgestaltigkeit der religiösen Entwickelung als einen Ausfluß der Initiierten, empfinden, wie die Impulse aus den Initiations- und Mysterienstätten herausfließend in das allgemeine Leben der Menschheit übergehen.

Wer die Entwickelung der Menschheit so betrachtet, der kommt ganz selbstverständlich - und beim wahren Okkultismus war das immer der Fall - nicht zu einer irgendwie gearteten, von vornherein angenommenen Bevorzugung der einen Religion vor der anderen. Es gehört zu den allerersten Erfordernissen der Initiation, alle jene Vorurteile, alle jene Vorempfindungen und Vorgefühle abzustreifen, welche in der Menschenseele dadurch erwachsen, daß sie in irgendein Religionssystem, in irgendeine Religionsgemeinschaft hineininkarniert ist. Sorgfältig muß die Selbsterziehung darüber wachen, daß nichts mehr in der Seele sitzt, was der einen Religion den Vorzug geben könnte vor der anderen. Mit völliger Unbefangenheit muß gegenübergestanden werden dem, was Inhalt der verschiedenen Religionen ist, die im Laufe der Menschheitsentwickelung durch die Initiation als Impulse in die Entwickelung hineingestellt worden sind. Sobald man eine Vorliebe hat für die eine oder andere Form, bildet sich sogleich etwas wie ein astralischer Nebel, durch den man keinen freien Ausblick haben kann. Wer noch aus der ja für das gewöhnliche Leben selbstverständlichen Zuneigung eine vorurteilsvolle Bevorzugung der einen Religion in der Seele hat, der wird ganz gewiß nicht die anderen Religionen verstehen können, denn er wird in sich fühlen, wenn er auch nichts davon weiß, das Vorherrschen des einen Teiles der Initiationsinhalte und wird nicht zu einer vorurteilsfreien Erkenntnis des anderen Teiles kommen. So ist es für eine okkulte Betrachtung ganz selbstverständlich, in unbefangener Weise allen verschiedenen Ausflüssen und Impulsen aus den Initiationen gegenüberzustehen. So wenig wie jemand, der eine Pflanze betrachtet und der Blüte den Vorzug vor der Wurzel gibt, sich ein objektives Urteil über den ganzen Bau der Pflanze schaffen kann, so wenig kann derjenige ein richtiges Urteil gewinnen, der die Religionen nicht in völlig gleicher Unbefangenheit betrachten kann.

Wir werden über die Anforderungen, welche die menschliche Seele an sich stellen muß, wenn sie die ersten Schritte zur Initiation macht, gerade in diesen Vorträgen sprechen. Zunächst wollte ich ein Gefühl dafür hervorrufen, wie die Initiation zum Leben steht und namentlich wie die verschiedenen Initiationsstätten und Initiationsimpulse zu der fortlaufenden Menschheitsentwickelung besonders in der nachatlantischen Zeit stehen.

Nun aber erlebt eine okkulte Forschung, wenn sie diesen Gang der Menschheitsentwickelung durchmacht, etwas höchst Eigentümliches, was man nur im richtigen Maße verstehen, einschätzen wird, wenn solche Worte ehrlich und aufrichtig verstanden werden, wie sie eben ausgesprochen worden sind von der Gleichbedeutung der Religionen. Wenn solche Worte zur Selbstverständlichkeit geworden sind, dann erlebt man etwas ganz Eigentümliches, was uns gerade in diesen Vorträgen immer klarer und klarer werden soll.

Man richte den Blick auf die die Menschheit im Laufe der Zeiten erleuchtenden Initiierten hin. Der Mensch, der zunächst in der Sinneswelt steht, kann, hinblickend auf die Initüerten, wenn sie als historische Gestalten überliefert sind, sich sagen: Das sind die großen Gestalten der Weltgeschichte. Wo es wichtig war, hat die Historie dafür gesorgt, daß man möglichst wenig von diesen Gestalten weiß. Nun mag es wieder paradox erscheinen, wenn gesagt wird: es ist ungeheuer gut, daß die Menschheit so wenig zum Beispiel von Homer weiß, denn dadurch kann die äußere Blüte der Gelehrsamkeit das Bild des Homer doch nicht so entstellen, wie dies bei den anderen Persönlichkeiten der Fall sein kann. Bei Goethe wird das erst einmal der Fall sein, wenn er - was man ja so recht herbeisehnen kann eine so unbekannte Persönlichkeit sein wird, wie es jetzt Homer ist. Die Menschenseele kann in der äußeren Welt hinschauen auf diese Gestalten und sieht dann, was diese in der äußeren Welt getan haben. Dann kann der Mensch selber die ersten Schritte zur Initiation machen und so vorgehen, daß er auf die großen Gestalten der Initiation - einen Buddha oder einen Zarathustra - den Blick hinrichtet, sich erinnert, was ihm Buddha oder Zarathustra war in der Sinneswelt, was er dort für einen Eindruck von diesen Menschheits-Individualitäten empfangen hat, und kann sich dann fragen, wenn auf dem Wege zur Initiation einiges von dem Geisteslicht in ihn hereingebrochen ist: Wie erscheint mir jetzt Buddha, wie erscheint mir jetzt Zarathustra? - Er wird sich dann sagen: Jetzt erkenne ich mehr von Buddha, von Zarathustra; ich weiß etwas, was ich noch nicht wissen konnte, als ich in der Sinneswelt stand. - Dann kann sich der Mensch noch weiterentwickeln, und es kommt dann die Stufe, auf welcher er noch besser einsehen wird, was diese Erscheinungen als geistige Wesenheiten sind. Einen Buddha, einen Zarathustra wird man immer mehr und mehr erkennen, je mehr man sich selbst in das Geisteslicht hineinlebt, bis dann eine gewisse Grenze kommt, wo das abbricht. Es ist das eine geheimnisvolle Erscheinung, auf die aber jetzt nicht eingegangen zu werden braucht. Es genügt, wenn gesagt wird: wenn es gegen die höheren Welten zu geht, kann das abbrechen. So ist es gegenüber allen Initiierten, die uns in der Weltentwickelung entgegentreten. Es kann leicht der noch nicht sehr weit fortgeschrittene Geist-Erkenner über diese Verhältnisse sich täuschen; das macht nicht viel aus. Denn es kann vorkommen, daß irgendeine Menschen-Individualität, die in der Vorzeit als geistiger Schauer sehr hoch gestanden hat, später wieder verkörpert ist und scheinbar heruntergestiegen ist von ihrer früheren geistigen Höhe. Die wahre Tatsache ist nur die, daß innerhalb der Menschheitsentwickelung Dinge zu verrichten sind, wo solche, die schon Initiierte waren, hineinverkörpert sind als Uninitiierte, um Taten zu verrichten, für die sie durch die Zeitverhältnisse nötig sind, so daß die Initiation, die sich für eine oder mehrere Inkarnationen verbirgt, hineinwirken muß in eine gewisse Arbeitsweise. Da können dann über solche Individualitäten, wie sie uns da oder dort in ihrem äußeren Lebenslauf entgegentreten, um selbst ihren Weg zu machen, sehr leicht Täuschungen entstehen, und man kann sich über sie ganz falsche Vorstellungen machen. Die werden aber nach und nach im Laufe des Fortschreitens korrigiert werden müssen. Deshalb bleibt es doch richtig, daß die Stellung des Menschen zu den Initiierten im allgemeinen eine solche ist, daß er sie immer mehr und mehr kennenlernt, je mehr er selbst die Stufen hinaufschreitet, die ihm das Geisteslicht zugänglich machen. Nur eine merkwürdige Erscheinung finden wir in der Aufeinanderfolge der Menschheitsepochen.

Was ich Ihnen eben gesagt habe von dem manchmal beirrenden Wiedererscheinen der Initiierten, so daß man glauben könnte, sie seien heruntergestiegen von ihrer Höhe, dafür könnte ich Beispiele anführen, und wahrscheinlich würden Sie im höchsten Grade erstaunt sein, wenn ich Ihnen sagte, in welcher Weise zum Beispiel Dante im 19. Jahrhundert wieder inkarniert war. Aber ich habe hier nicht die Aufgabe, das, was für mich selbst ein Forschungsergebnis war und was für mich selber feststeht, jetzt weiter zu besprechen, sondern die Dinge, die alle kennen, welche im Okkultismus bewandert sind, beweiskräftig vorzubringen, alles andere zurücktreten zu lassen und nichts anderes vorzubringen, als was allgemein anerkannt ist da, wo echter Okkultismus vertreten ist. Eine andere merk würdige Erscheinung zeigt sich uns aber, die man am besten so aussprechen kann: Es tritt uns eine Individualität entgegen, bei der es keinen Sinn hat davon zu sprechen, daß sie so initiiert worden sei wie die anderen Initiierten, daß zwar durch sie das Prinzip der Initiation objektiv in der Welt vor uns steht, daß es da ist, daß es aber sinnlos wäre, davon zu sprechen, diese Individualität wäre auf der Erde so initiiert worden wie die andern Initiierten im Laufe der Menschheitsentwickelung. Ich habe die Tatsache oftmals berührt. Es gehört ein gewisser Grad von Mißverständnis dazu, diese Tatsache als aus einem spezifisch christlichen Vorurteil heraus herrührend aufzufassen. Wahrhaftig nicht aus einem irgendwie christlichen Vorurteil heraus, sondern weil sie gesagt werden muß als ein objektives okkultes Forschungsergebnis, soll es gesagt sein. Diese eine Individualität, die nicht initiiert worden ist wie die anderen Initiierten, sondern bei der es völlig sinnlos wäre, davon zu sprechen, daß sie so durch die Initiation durchgegangen wäre wie die anderen Initiierten, diese Individualität ist eben der Christus Jesus! Und ebensowenig - das sei hier noch einmal wie früher schon betont - wie der eine Waage begreifen kann, der da sagt, daß die Waage an zwei Punkten aufzuhängen wäre anstatt an einem, da es zum Wesen der Waage gehört, daß sich der Waagebalken um einen Punkt dreht, ebensowenig wie der ein Mechaniker ist, der behaupten würde, man solle die Waage an zwei oder mehreren Punkten aufhängen, was kein sachverständiger Mechaniker sagen könnte, ebensowenig ist der kein sachverständiger Okkultist, der die Ansicht vertreten wollte, daß zu unserer Erdenentwickelung nicht nur ein Unterstützungspunkt, ein Hypomochlion, ein ‘Festes gehöre. Ich sagte, daß dies ein objektives okkultes Forschungsresultat ist, das jeder anerkennen kann, gleichgültig ob er Buddhist oder Mohammedaner ist.

Wer gewisse Schritte in der okkulten Entwickelung gemacht hat, lernt die Initiierten kennen, insofern sie große Persönlichkeiten sind oder Taten getan haben; er lernt sie kennen in den geistigen Welten, wenn er gewisse Stufen zur Initiation hinaufrückt, und er lernt sie noch mehr kennen, wenn er dann noch weiter aufrückt. Nehmen wir zum Beispiel an, es habe jemand in seinem Erdenleben keine Gelegenheit gehabt, den Buddha kennenzulernen; denken wir uns, er habe sich nicht mit ihm beschäftigt. Ich kenne Leute, die tief eingedrungen waren in das ganze abendländische Leben, die aber keinen blassen Begriff hatten von dem Buddha; von ihnen kann man sagen, daß sie sich innerhalb der physischen Welt, innerhalb ihres Leibesdaseins nicht beschäftigt haben mit dem Buddha. Oder nehmen wir Menschen, die sich in ihrem Erdendasein nicht beschäftigt haben mit den Größen der chinesischen Religion, und denken :wir uns nun, es hätten diese Menschen durch die Initiation die überphysischen Welten betreten, oder - von einigen weiß ich das - daß sie sie betreten haben nach dem physischen Tode: da können sie kennenlernen, weil sie ihnen begegnen, den Buddha, den Moses, den Zarathustra als Geisteswesen und können sich Kenntnis, ein Wissen von ihnen aneignen. Da ist es ihnen kein Hindernis, wenn sie sich von diesen Persönlichkeiten ein Wissen aneignen wollen, daß sie auf der Erde dazu keine Gelegenheit hatten. Das ist anders bei dem Christus, und ich bitte Sie, dieses als eine rein okkulte Tatsache hinzunehmen. Man nehme an, daß sich jemand hier auf der Erde keinen Zusammenhang geschaffen habe in irgendeiner Inkarnation, die er schon erlebt hat, mit der Christus-Wesenheit. Dann ist ihm das, wenn er in einer außerphysischen Welt wahrnimmt, ein Hindernis, um in den höheren Welten den Christus zu finden; dann kann sich ihm der Christus nicht in der reinen Gestalt darstellen! Es gehört zur Erkenntnis, zum Erschauen der Christus-Wesenheit in den höheren Welten, daß man sich auf der Erde dazu vorbereitet hat! Das ist der okkulte Unterschied in dem Verhältnis des Menschen zu dem Christus und zu den anderen Initiierten. Das Christus-Ereignis ist ein solches, daß ein Spezifisches in seiner wichtigsten Phase eben gerade der physischen Erdentwickelung angehört, daß es hereinstrahlte in die physische Erdentwickelung und für diese den Gleichgewichtspunkt bildet.

Man möchte sagen: Nehmen wir an, die Erde würde von denjenigen Wesen, die sich als Menschenseelen ausleben, zunächst nicht berücksichtigt. Es wäre durch irgend etwas im Weltenverlaufe geschehen, daß die Menschenseelen gesagt hätten: Wir berücksichtigen die Erde nicht; warum sollen wir uns da unten inkarnieren? - Es ist das natürlich eine unmögliche Tatsache, aber nehmen wir an, es wäre so. - Diese Menschenseelen würden dann, insofern das, was zur Erde gehört, geistig ist, es auch erleben können in den geistigen Welten, und was als hehre, große Prinzipien in den Initiierten wirkte, wäre erschaubar in den höheren Welten. Wollte nun eine solche Seele in den höheren Welten die Frage richten - sagen wir an den Weltenverlauf: Ich will von all den Wesen, die da in den höheren Welten sind, dasjenige genau kennenlernen, seiner eigentlichen Weltmission und seiner eigentlichen Aufgabe nach genau kennenlernen, das der Christus ist -, dann müßte einem solchen Menschenseelenwesen die Antwort werden: Wenn du dieses eine Wesen, das der Christus eben für uns ist, kennenlernen willst, dann mußt du dich auf der Erde inkarnieren, dann mußt du mitmachen in irgendeiner Weise das Mysterium von Golgatha, um eine Beziehung zu dem Christus-Wesen zu gewinnen! Denn das Christus-Mysterium mußte sich nach den Weltgesetzen auf der Erde abspielen. Die Erde ist der Schauplatz, wo sich nach den Weltgesetzen das Mysterium von Golgatha abspielen mußte und wo man sich für das Verständnis der Christus-Wesenheit die eigentliche Grundlage bilden muß. Und was man sich auf der Erde daher erwirbt für das Christus-Verständnis, das ist die Vorbereitung - und zwar in einem ganz anderen Maße als irgend etwas anderes, wofür die Erde Vorbereitung ist - für alles Erschauen und Erkennen dieser betreffenden Wesenheit in den höheren Welten. Daher war es so, daß in der Tat die Darlebung des Initiationsprinzipes bei der Christus-Wesenheit sich in einer ganz anderen Weise darstellte als bei den anderen Initiierten. Die letzteren erlebten eine übersinnliche Welt zuweilen in der tiefgehendsten Weise, gaben die Impulse, die daraus kamen, im Folgelauf der Menschheitsentwickelung; aber wenn sie in den höheren Welten erlebten, drinnenstanden, so waren sie aus ihrem physischen Leibe heraus. Wenn es auch bei hohen Initiierten gar nicht vieles bedarf, um aus dem physischen Leibe herauszukommen, wenn auch nur ein kleiner Schritt notwendig war, um aus dem physischen Leibe heraus gleich in eine Fülle von geistigen Tatsachen zu kommen, so bleibt es doch wahr, daß dieses Überspringen von dem physischen Leibe zu den höheren Leibern notwendig ist. Bei dem Christus Jesus haben wir die eigentümliche Erscheinung, daß er nach dem Prinzip der Initiation, nach dem, was man sonst braucht an Darstellung der Initiation, wissentlich - was wir so wissentlich im Menschensinne nennen - im Grunde genommen in den ganzen drei Jahren, in denen er auf der Erde gelebt hat, sich nicht im Initiationssinne von dem physischen Leibe entfernt hat, sondern immer darinnengeblieben ist. Und was er dargelebt hat und der Welt gegeben hat während dieser drei Jahre, das hat er durch den physischen Leib gegeben. Durch die überphysischen Leiber haben die andern Initiierten der Menschheit gegeben, was sie zu geben hatten. In dem Christus haben wir die eine einzige Individualität, die alles, was sie getan hat, was sie gesprochen hat, was von ihr ausgegangen ist in die Menschheitsentwickelung, durch den physischen Leib und nicht auf dem Umwege durch höhere Leiber gegeben hat.

Dem populären Bewußtsein lebt sich das dadurch dar, daß es sich dem Gefühl nach so beurteilt: In dem Christus haben wir etwas vor uns, was das primitivste Bewußtsein verstehen kann, was jemand hat durch einen Leib, durch den wir sprechen, wenn wir im Alltagsleben sind. Dadurch dieses innige Verbundensein, dieses brüderliche Verbundensein mit der Christus-Individualität und dieses Verstehenkönnen der Christus-Individualität ohne Bildung, aus dem primitivsten, ursprünglichsten menschlichen Gemüt heraus! Daher die Notwendigkeit des Hinaufarbeitens zu einem höheren Verständnis, wenn man die anderen Initiierten verstehen will. Es ist daher wahr, was ich in den letzten zehn Jahren oft betont habe: In dem Christus haben wir einen Initiierten, den das primitivste Gemüt verstehen kann, obwohl ihn jemand, der zu einem höheren Verständnis aufrückt, dann noch besser versteht. Was mit einem menschlichen Leibe verbunden sein kann, das war am meisten diesen menschlichen Leib vergeistigend in Christus Jesus vorhanden und wirkte in einem menschlichen Leibe durch den Christus Jesus. Dagegen bei den anderen Initiierten war das der Fall, daß sie, während sie ihr Spirituelles zu geben hatten, nicht vollständig im physischen Leib wirken konnten, sondern immer einen Ruck heraus machen mußten und dann wieder verkünden konnten, was ihnen aus derübersinnlichen Welt geblieben ist; während es bei dem Christus immer so war, daß er alles durch den physischen Leib in der physischen Welt darzuleben hatte.

Solche Dinge muß man berücksichtigen, wenn man auf die wahren Verhältnisse eingehen will. Alles andere ist ein Herumreden, so, wenn man etwa davon spricht, der Christus stehe höher oder die andern Initiierten stehen höher. Durch diese Rangordnung, auf die es absolut nicht ankommt, begreift man nichts. Darauf aber kommt es an, daß man in die Verhältnisse der Wesenheiten einen Blick tut. Nach seinem Geschmack mag der eine den einen, der andere den anderen Religionsstifter höher nennen. Das wird nicht viel schaden, denn solchen Schwächen sind die Menschen immer unterworfen. Aber darauf kommt es an, zu wissen, worin der wirkliche, der reale Unterschied besteht zwischen der Art, wie der Christus und wie die anderen Initiierten in der Welt dastehen. Dann kann man die Menschen ruhig sagen lassen: Ich halte die eine Individualität für höher als die andere, nach dem, wie sie gewirkt haben.

Begreift man aber den charakterisierten Unterschied, dann begreift man auch den Unterschied in den Impulsen, die durch die Initiierten in die Welt gekommen sind.

Second Lecture

In this short series of lectures, we will discuss important matters of spiritual life, matters that touch upon spiritual life in the most comprehensive sense. We will speak about what lies at the foundation of what is called initiation, and—after pointing out some of the secrets and laws of this initiation—we will speak about the significance of what radiates during the course of human evolution for the life of initiation and of the initiated. We will have to speak about everything that radiates from this in relation to what can be summarized in the two opposing concepts of eternity and the moment, spiritual light and the darkness of life. After we have considered human life from the perspective provided by these concepts, we will return to the power of initiation and the power of the initiated. This time, therefore, these considerations will be limited to the principle of initiation.

Eternity — we need only touch upon this concept, and we feel something resonating within us that is connected with the deepest longings of the human soul, with the highest goal that human beings can name among their aspirations. The moment – a word that repeatedly points us to that in which we actually live, and to the necessity of seeking, in this moment in which we live, that which can give us a glimpse into the land of longing, into eternity. One need only remember that Goethe placed the deepest secret of his greatest work, Faust, in such a way that he has Faust say to the moment: “Stay! You are so beautiful!” and then admits: If this can become the attitude of the soul, if it is possible for the soul to identify with a confession, to say to the moment: “Stay! You are so beautiful!”, then Faust's confession that he is worthy of falling prey to the enemy of humanity, Mephistopheles, must immediately follow. Goethe made what is connected with the feeling that springs from the moment the actual fundamental mystery of his greatest poetry. Thus it seems as if the moment in which we live is completely opposed to what we call eternity and for which the human soul must yearn and long again and again.

Spiritual light – as much as we have engaged in theosophical contemplation over the years, we have recognized that the striving for spiritual light has the same underlying motive everywhere: to lead people out of the darkness of life. And again we can feel something from one of the greatest works of poetry in human evolution, from Faust: how a poet, when he wants to describe a great, comprehensive soul, cannot help but let it emerge from the darkness of life. For what surrounds Faust at the beginning of the poem? In what is he completely entangled? In the darkness of life! And how often have we had to emphasize that this darkness of life has such great power and force for human beings that when the light of the spirit encounters them in an immature state, it can affect them in such a way that it does not enlighten them, but blinds them, stuns them. So it cannot be just a question of how to find the path to the light of the spirit, where it can be found. Above all, it must be a question of how human beings must walk the path of the soul that can lead them in the right way to the light of the spirit. This outlines the topics that will occupy us in these lectures, and we are at such a stage in our theosophical work that we do not need to develop things from scratch, but can build on what is already known.

When the word initiation, which has become so closely associated with the words eternity and spiritual light, comes to us, all the great people whom we know as initiates throughout the epochs of human history come alive in our souls. And with them, these epochs of humanity themselves are awakened in our souls, as they passed, as people lived in them, and as the light streamed from the places of initiation and from the initiates to the people, in order to actually make possible what has been the driving force of human evolution at all times. It would go too far to reject in detail, on the occasion of such a discussion, everything that happened within the evolution of the earth before the often-discussed Atlantean catastrophe broke upon the earth and completely changed its face. We already have a sufficient and adequate idea of what is involved when we consider the post-Atlantean times and remember the peculiar configuration of the human being, how it developed in such different ways in the course of time.

Let us cast our gaze back to the dominant culture that emerged immediately after the face of the earth was reshaped by the Atlantean catastrophe, and we have so often looked back with awe upon what the great holy teachers of humanity brought to the earth in the first epoch of the post-Atlantean era, at the place where Indian culture later developed. We have pointed out how only by looking up from below can the soul look up to the lofty spiritual teachings that came into the world at that time through human individuals who still carried within themselves all the inner greatness of those human beings who, in the Atlantean era, had a direct connection with the divine, with the spiritual worlds, as was no longer possible in later epochs of humanity. We have pointed out how the legacy of Atlantean wisdom, which today can only be attained by occultists, lived on in the post-Atlantean form in the ancient holy teachers of the first post-Atlantean cultural period, and we have pointed out how what lived at that time, of which there are no records except in what we call the Akashic Records, appears sufficiently great and significant to human beings when its echoes shine forth in Indian or Oriental literature in general. The height of morality, the height of spirituality contained in these writings as the echo of ancient spiritual teachings cannot even fully enter the consciousness of present-day humanity, insofar as we are speaking of external education. This is least likely to be the case in those countries which have been prepared for their present external culture by what Christianity has been able to achieve in its various forms over the last few centuries. Thus, the soul felt directed from below to above when it looked up to all that is great, which today can only be guessed at, and which has come down to us only as an echo of this ancient spirituality. If we look at the matter in this way and are especially conscious of what has often been mentioned here, namely that humanity will only in the seventh, the last epoch of the post-Atlantean period — we are now in the fifth — be able to bring forth from the darkness of life an understanding of what what once lived at the beginning of the post-Atlantean era and gave the impulses for human development, and when one considers that humanity will have to mature until the last epoch in order to feel and experience again what was experienced and felt at that time, then one also gains a feeling and a sense of how high the principle of initiation must have been which gave the impulses for this ancient sacred spiritual culture of humanity. And then we see how, in the course of the following epochs, humanity—struggling for other spiritual treasures, for other treasures of earthly existence—descends further and further, as it were, how it takes on other forms, but how, depending on what the times demand, the great initiates from the spiritual world give humanity what it needs for its culture as impulses for a particular epoch. We then see the Zarathustra culture appear before our eyes, which is completely different when we view it in its true light from the culture of the holy Rishis; then the Egyptian-Chaldean culture; then what were the ancient sacred mysteries in Greece, of which we spoke yesterday in a completely different sense, we see everywhere the light of the spirit shining into the darkness of life, as is necessary for the different times.

If we now ask ourselves at the end of our considerations: What ideas can we form of an initiate? It goes without saying that, especially at the beginning of a lecture cycle, only approximate concepts can be given of such a comprehensive subject; we will then be able to penetrate deeper and deeper into the essence of initiation. It will therefore be necessary to gather together some of what we have already heard in the field of theosophy. Let us make it clear to ourselves that complete initiation requires that the human being does not view the world within his physical body in such a way that he perceives the world around him through his eyes and other sense organs, or that he sees this world or any world surrounding him through his mind, which is bound to the brain, and through what he may call his sense of orientation. That human beings do not form their concepts about these worlds as is usually the case, but that they have come to be in a position, through what what can be called “perceiving worlds outside his physical body,” to have something in his soul that may be called a supersensible, spiritual body, which has within itself organs of perception—but of a higher kind—just as the physical body has the eyes, ears, and other organs of perception and understanding. Seeing worlds without using the organs of the physical body is what can be given as a definition of the initiated, which at first does not mean much but is accurate in its dryness. And the great initiates who have given humanity the significant cultural impulses in the course of time have achieved this independence from the sensory body and this use of a completely different body to the highest degree. I do not wish to speak much in abstractions; I would like to give concrete examples wherever possible. So today, as an example of such a life outside the sense body in a higher organization belonging to the soul, I would like to cite the following.

When someone who has taken even a few steps on the path to initiation becomes clear through self-reflection what he actually experiences within himself and in himself, he can say something like the following: The first thing I experience about myself is that, in addition to my sensory, physical body, I have within me a finer body, let us call it the etheric body, which we carry around with us just as we carry our physical body around with us in our earthly existence. Those who take the first steps toward initiation experience this initially by feeling themselves within it, by perceiving this feeling, by feeling on another level what lives in their blood system, in their nervous system, or what arises from their muscular system. This inner feeling and experience is there, and it can also be there for the etheric body. It is particularly useful for people who are taking their first steps toward initiation to learn about the special difference, or one could also say the relationship, between feeling oneself, experiencing oneself in the elemental or etheric body and in the physical body. In the elemental body, we experience ourselves in the same way that we know we have blood, a heartbeat, or a pulse within us. To make this clear, one can consider this elementary body in relation to the physical body, to which one is more accustomed than to what one first acquires on this spiritual journey. One can say: In the elementary body, you have a part that corresponds to the physical brain, to everything that makes up your head. The head, the brain, has, as it were, crystallized out of the etheric body and is contained within it in such a way that one could compare it to a quantity of water and a piece of ice floating in it, if one wanted to compare the water to the etheric body and the ice to the physical body crystallized out of the etheric body. But one feels, one experiences, that there is an intimate connection between what one might call the etheric part of the head or the brain and the physical head itself. One then knows how one creates one's thoughts, how one forms one's memory images within the etheric body, and how the physical brain is only, as it were, a mirroring apparatus, but one also knows how the brain is closely connected with the etheric body. One can experience this particularly when one has to engage in strenuous activities connected with the physical plane, with physical being, when one has to think a great deal about things, when one has to strain one's physical body to bring up memories from the depths of life in order to hold them together. In such a process, the etheric body is always involved at first, whether you know it or not. But the physical brain is intimately connected with it, and when you tire the physical brain, you notice very, very much the fatigue of the brain in the etheric parts concerned. One then notices that in what one experiences as an elementary part of the brain, one has something like a block, like a foreign body, that one can no longer reach what one needs to reach, because the mobility in the physical brain is something that must go parallel to the mobility in the etheric body. One can then have the distinct feeling: Your etheric body does not tire either; it could continue to connect the thought images and bring up what you know for all eternity; but in order to express it in the physical world, it must be reflected, and that is where the brain fails. The elementary body does not tire. Precisely because it can be active all the time, it feels the fatigue of the brain all the more. One notices, as it were, what the brain produces in terms of failing powers. And when it falls asleep and sinks into the dullness of fatigue, one can say to oneself: Now you must stop, otherwise you will make yourself ill. One cannot wear out the etheric body. But by way of a detour, by expecting too much of the brain, one can continue to tire it even further and thus bring it into a life-denying, dead state. And a living organism cannot tolerate that something that is supposed to be in a normal relationship with it is partially dead, that it comes into an abnormal state. So you have to make a free decision: in order not to kill off a part of your brain, which will then continue to eat away at itself, you must stop when you feel your brain as a foreign body within yourself.

This is the experience when one seeks the relationship between what corresponds to the brain or head in the human elementary or etheric body and the physical brain or physical head itself. There is an intimate connection. The external sense life actually proceeds in such a way that it is impossible to break the parallelism between the two to any great extent. If one wants to express this relationship, one might say: In our head, namely in our brain, we have a very faithful expression of the etheric forces; we have something which, in its external appearance and in its external functions, is truly a faithful reflection of the functions and processes in the corresponding part of the ether.

The situation is different for other organs of the human elementary or etheric body and the corresponding physical-sensory organs. There, things are quite different. Let me give an example. Let us take the hands, for example. Just as the head or the brain corresponds to an etheric part, an elemental part in the elemental body, so too do the hands correspond to elemental, etheric processes in the human etheric body. But between the outer physical hands and their tasks and what actually underlies them in the corresponding elemental or etheric part, there is a much greater difference than between the physical head and the corresponding parts in the human elemental body. What the hands do is much more confined to the sensory world; it is much more a purely sensory activity, and what the corresponding elementary or etheric organs do is revealed only to the smallest extent in what is physically expressed in the hands. In order to characterize the corresponding facts, I must, as is often necessary, say things that seem grotesque and paradoxical to physical perception and to the verbal expression of physical observations, but which nevertheless correspond completely to the facts underlying them and which everyone who knows anything about these things will immediately feel as I have to express them. The physical hands correspond to elementary parts. But apart from the fact that what corresponds to the elementary parts is expressed in the hands and in their movements, these etheric organs within the etheric body are true spiritual organs. A higher, much more intuitive, more spiritual activity is performed in the organs that are expressed in the hands and their functions than through the etheric brain. Anyone who has made progress in this field will say: Yes, the brain, even the etheric brain underlying it, is actually the most clumsy spiritual organ that human beings carry within themselves. For as soon as one becomes active in the elementary part of the brain, one very soon feels this foreign body of the brain. However, those mental activities that are connected to the organs underlying the hands and find imperfect expression in the hands and their functions serve a much higher, more spiritual purpose of cognition and observation; these organs already lead into supersensible worlds and can engage in perception and orientation in the supersensible worlds. If one expresses such a fact as a spiritual insight, one must say—somewhat paradoxically, but accurately—that the human brain is the most clumsy organ for researching the spiritual world, and that the hands—which are their spiritual foundation—are much more interesting, much more significant organs for understanding this world, and above all much more skillful organs than the brain. On the path to initiation, one does not learn very much when one progresses from the use of the brain to the free use of the elementary brain. The difference is not particularly great between what one achieves through purified intuitive brain thinking and through regular mental work in the elementary mental image of the brain. But the difference grows greatly between what the hands do in the world and what is to be done with that elementary part which is just as spiritually underlying to the hands as the etheric brain is to the physical brain. And one does not need to train much on the path to initiation with regard to what corresponds to the brain, for it is not a particularly important organ. But what underlies the hands is connected—as you will find described in How to Know Higher Worlds—with the activity of the lotus flower in the region of the heart, which then radiates its rays of energy in such a way that they form the organization which, in an imperfect way at the stage where man stands as a physical being, is present in the hands and their functions. When you rise to such a level and can imagine the great difference between the mere use of the physical hands and what one acquires in relation to a supersensible world through the much more skillful elementary organs that underlie the hands than the elementary organs of the brain, then one gains a living concept of living into initiation, of the enrichment of the human being. One does not become significantly richer by feeling that one's brain wants to radiate and feel the etheric part of the brain. That is the case, but it is not the actual, significant experience that sets the tone. The significant experience begins when one feels other parts expanding and creating a connection with the world. And even if this is paradoxical, one can say that the brain is the most unsuitable organ for spiritual research, because it is the least capable of training. On the other hand, completely different perspectives open up when one takes into account the other seemingly subordinate organs.

Thus, a complete transformation takes place with what a person experiences within themselves when they take their first steps up to the heights of initiation, and it is necessary to realize that this must be understood as an inner transformation of the human personality, just as the principle of development in the world is understood, so that one passes into the other and one—even if it is perhaps not entirely appropriate to call the later more perfect than the earlier—can say: The human personality also finds something of what it is and what it can become through the means indicated in “How to Know Higher Worlds,” which are the first beginnings of what then leads up to the highest regions of initiation. It is good—and you will see that it is good—to form a living picture of how human beings, who are to be spiritual guides in the course of time, undergo an inner transformation, how that which is only latent in human beings and appears as imperfect as the hands are in comparison with the other organs, is transformed in a way that is not noticeable to the human being externally; but in return, the human being becomes all the more significant internally. Just as there is something in the world that is available to someone who is blind and cannot see what we otherwise see with our eyes, something that only appears when the eye is there, so the spiritual world is available to us. But we must offer it what we ourselves can offer, so that what is spiritually contained in the world can come to us.

Within the various epochs of human history, what can be given through living into the spiritual worlds must now flow into the course of development as impulses. This has always been the basis of what has emanated from the mysteries, from the places of initiation. One imagines the course of human evolution correctly when one imagines the great initiates behind what is outwardly perceptible as the actual driving forces and individualities. The connection between what these great initiates have to do and what then happens outwardly in the world can often only be understood through theosophy or occultism. For external, purely historical, purely scholarly knowledge, all we actually see is that human history is unfolding and human evolution is progressing. But we do not see the driving forces behind it. Thus, in external history, we follow a chain of phenomena, link by link, which follow one another externally. But at a certain point in the chain, influences come from a completely different world, via the detours of initiation, and this is what we can take in through theosophical knowledge, for reasons that have already been discussed. Thus, theosophically, we see precisely the innermost in the succession of times, that which ultimately lies at the foundation of the entire signature, of the entire character of evolution. Thus we perceive religions, the diversity of religious development, as an outflow from the initiates, and we sense how the impulses flow out from the places of initiation and mystery and pass into the general life of humanity.

Anyone who views the development of humanity in this way will quite naturally—and this has always been the case in true occultism—come to no kind of preconceived preference for one religion over another. One of the very first requirements of initiation is to strip away all those prejudices, all those preconceptions and premonitions that arise in the human soul as a result of being incarnated into a particular religious system or community. Self-education must carefully ensure that nothing remains in the soul that could give preference to one religion over another. One must approach the content of the various religions, which have been introduced into human development through initiation as impulses in the course of human evolution, with complete impartiality. As soon as one has a preference for one form or another, something like an astral fog immediately forms, through which one cannot have a clear view. Anyone who still has a prejudiced preference for one religion in their soul, based on the affection that is natural in ordinary life, will certainly not be able to understand the other religions, for they will feel within themselves, even if they are unaware of it, the predominance of one part of the initiatory content, and will not be able to arrive at an unprejudiced understanding of the other part. Thus, it is quite natural for an occult observation to take an unbiased view of all the different emanations and impulses from the initiations. Just as someone who looks at a plant and prefers the flower to the root cannot form an objective judgment about the entire structure of the plant, so too can those who cannot view religions with complete impartiality not arrive at a correct judgment.

We will speak about the demands that the human soul must make of itself when it takes the first steps toward initiation in these lectures. First, I wanted to give you a feeling for how initiation relates to life and, in particular, how the various places of initiation and initiatory impulses relate to the ongoing development of humanity, especially in the post-Atlantean era.

But now, when occult research goes through this course of human development, it experiences something highly peculiar, which can only be understood and appreciated in the right measure if such words are understood honestly and sincerely, as they have just been spoken from the equivalent meaning of the religions. When such words have become self-evident, then we experience something very peculiar, which should become clearer and clearer to us in these lectures.

Let us turn our gaze to the initiates who have enlightened humanity throughout the ages. The human being, who initially stands in the sensory world, can look at the initiates, when they are handed down as historical figures, and say to himself: These are the great figures of world history. Where it was important, history has ensured that as little as possible is known about these figures. Now it may seem paradoxical again when it is said: it is tremendously good that humanity knows so little about Homer, for example, because this prevents the external blossoming of scholarship from distorting the image of Homer as much as this can be the case with other personalities. In Goethe's case, this will only be true when he becomes—as one might well hope—as unknown a personality as Homer is today. The human soul can look at these figures in the outer world and see what they have done there. Then the human being can take the first steps toward initiation and proceed in such a way that he directs his gaze to the great figures of initiation—a Buddha or a Zarathustra—remembers what Buddha or Zarathustra was to him in the sensory world, what impression he received there of these individualities of humanity, and can then ask himself, when some of the spiritual light has broken into him on the path to initiation: How does Buddha appear to me now, how does Zarathustra appear to me now? He will then say to himself: Now I recognize more of Buddha, of Zarathustra; I know something that I could not yet know when I stood in the sensory world. Then the person can develop further, and a stage is reached at which they will understand even better what these phenomena are as spiritual beings. The more one lives oneself into the spiritual light, the more one will recognize a Buddha, a Zarathustra, until a certain limit is reached where this breaks off. This is a mysterious phenomenon, but there is no need to go into it now. It is enough to say that when one approaches the higher worlds, this can break off. This is the case with all initiates whom we encounter in the evolution of the world. The spirit-knower who is not yet very advanced can easily be deceived about these circumstances; that does not matter much. For it can happen that some human individuality that stood very high in the past as a spiritual being is later reincarnated and appears to have descended from its former spiritual height. The true fact is only that within human evolution there are things to be accomplished where those who were already initiated are reincarnated as uninitiated in order to perform deeds that are necessary due to the circumstances of the time, so that the initiation, which is hidden for one or more incarnations, must work into a certain way of working. Then, through such individuals as we encounter here and there in their outer life, in order to make their own way, deceptions can very easily arise, and one can form completely false ideas about them. However, these will have to be corrected little by little as progress is made. Therefore, it remains true that the position of human beings toward the initiated is generally such that they get to know them more and more as they themselves ascend the steps that make the spiritual light accessible to them. We find only one remarkable phenomenon in the succession of human epochs.

What I have just told you about the sometimes confusing reappearance of the initiated, so that one might believe they have descended from their heights, I could cite examples of, and you would probably be extremely astonished if I told you how, for example, Dante was reincarnated in the 19th century. But it is not my task here to discuss further what was for me the result of research and what is certain for me personally, but rather to present conclusively the things that are known to all who are versed in occultism, to leave everything else aside, and to present nothing other than what is generally accepted where genuine occultism is represented. However, another remarkable phenomenon presents itself to us, which can best be expressed as follows: We are confronted with an individuality in which it makes no sense to speak of it having been initiated like the other initiates, that through it the principle of initiation objectively stands before us in the world, that it is there, but that it would be meaningless to speak of this individuality having been initiated on earth like the other initiates in the course of human evolution. I have often touched upon this fact. It requires a certain degree of misunderstanding to interpret this fact as stemming from a specifically Christian prejudice. Truly, it should be said not out of any Christian prejudice, but because it must be said as an objective occult research result. This one individuality, which has not been initiated like the other initiated beings, but in whose case it would be completely meaningless to say that it has gone through initiation like the other initiated beings, this individuality is precisely the Christ Jesus! And just as little — let me emphasize this again, as I have done before — as someone who says that a scale should be suspended at two points instead of one, because it is in the nature of a scale that the beam pivots around a single point, is a mechanic who claims that a scale should be suspended at two or more points which no expert mechanic could say, just as someone who wants to maintain that our Earth's development requires more than just one point of support, one hypomochlion, one “fixed point,” is not an expert occultist. I said that this is an objective occult research result that everyone can acknowledge, regardless of whether they are Buddhist or Muslim.

Those who have taken certain steps in occult development get to know the initiates, insofar as they are great personalities or have done great deeds; they get to know them in the spiritual worlds as they ascend certain stages toward initiation, and they get to know them even better as they ascend further. Let us suppose, for example, that someone had no opportunity in his earthly life to get to know the Buddha; let us imagine that he did not concern himself with him. I know people who were deeply immersed in Western life but who had not the faintest idea of the Buddha; of them one can say that they did not concern themselves with the Buddha within the physical world, within their bodily existence. Or let us take people who have not concerned themselves with the great figures of the Chinese religion during their earthly existence, and let us imagine that these people have entered the superphysical worlds through initiation, or – I know of some who have done so – that they have entered them after physical death: there they can get to know, because they encounter them, the Buddha, Moses, Zarathustra as spiritual beings and can acquire knowledge of them. It is no obstacle to them, if they want to acquire knowledge from these personalities, that they had no opportunity to do so on earth. This is different with Christ, and I ask you to accept this as a purely occult fact. Suppose that someone here on earth has not established any connection with the Christ being in any incarnation he has already experienced. Then, when he perceives in a non-physical world, this is an obstacle to his finding Christ in the higher worlds; Christ cannot appear to him in his pure form! It is part of the knowledge, of seeing the Christ being in the higher worlds, that one has prepared oneself for this on Earth! This is the occult difference in the relationship of human beings to Christ and to the other initiates. The Christ event is such that something specific in its most important phase belongs precisely to the physical development of the earth, that it radiated into the physical development of the earth and forms the point of equilibrium for it.

One might say: Let us assume that the Earth was not initially taken into consideration by those beings who live out their lives as human souls. Something in the course of the world would have happened that caused the human souls to say: We do not take the Earth into consideration; why should we incarnate down there? This is, of course, an impossible scenario, but let us assume that it were so. These human souls would then be able to experience in the spiritual worlds everything that belongs to the earth in a spiritual sense, and what worked as lofty, great principles in the initiates would be visible in the higher worlds. If such a soul in the higher worlds wanted to ask the question—let us say to the course of the worlds: I want to know exactly, of all the beings that are in the higher worlds, the one who is Christ, according to his actual world mission and his actual task—then the answer to such a human soul being would have to be: If you want to get to know this one being, who is Christ for us, then you must incarnate on Earth, then you must participate in some way in the mystery of Golgotha in order to gain a relationship with the Christ being! For the Christ mystery had to take place on earth according to the laws of the world. The earth is the stage where, according to the laws of the world, the mystery of Golgotha had to take place and where the actual foundation for understanding the Christ being must be laid. And what one acquires on earth for the understanding of Christ is the preparation—and in a completely different measure than anything else for which the earth is a preparation—for all seeing and recognizing of this being in the higher worlds. That is why the experience of the principle of initiation in the Christ Being was so different from that of other initiates. The latter sometimes experienced a supersensible world in the most profound way, giving the impulses that came from it in the course of human evolution; but when they experienced the higher worlds, when they were inside them, they were out of their physical bodies. Even though it does not take much for highly initiated beings to leave their physical bodies, even though only a small step was necessary to leave the physical body and immediately enter into a wealth of spiritual realities, it remains true that this leap from the physical body to the higher bodies is necessary. In the case of Christ Jesus, we have the peculiar phenomenon that, according to the principle of initiation, according to what is otherwise necessary for the presentation of initiation, he knowingly — what we call knowingly in the human sense — did not, in the entire three years that he lived on earth, remove himself from the physical body in the initiatory sense, but always remained within it. And what he lived and gave to the world during these three years, he gave through his physical body. Through the superphysical bodies, the other initiates gave to humanity what they had to give. In Christ we have the one and only individuality that has given everything it has done, everything it has spoken, everything that has come forth from it into human evolution through the physical body and not by way of higher bodies.

This is expressed in popular consciousness by the following feeling: In Christ we have something before us that the most primitive consciousness can understand, something that someone has through a body through which we speak when we are in everyday life. This intimate connection, this brotherly connection with the Christ individuality and this ability to understand the Christ individuality without education, from the most primitive, most original human mind! Hence the necessity of working up to a higher understanding if one wants to understand the other initiates. It is therefore true what I have often emphasized in the last ten years: in Christ we have an initiate whom the most primitive mind can understand, although someone who has advanced to a higher understanding understands him even better. What can be connected with a human body was most present in Christ Jesus, spiritualizing this human body, and worked in a human body through Christ Jesus. In contrast, the other initiates, while they had their spiritual gifts to give, could not work fully in the physical body, but always had to make a break and then proclaim what remained to them from the supersensible world; whereas with Christ it was always the case that he had to live out everything through the physical body in the physical world.

Such things must be taken into account if one wants to understand the true circumstances. Everything else is just talking around the issue, such as saying that Christ is higher or that the other initiates are higher. This ranking, which is absolutely irrelevant, leads to no understanding. What is important is to take a look at the circumstances of the beings. According to one's taste, one may call one religious founder higher than another. That will not do much harm, for human beings are always subject to such weaknesses. But what matters is to know what the real, actual difference is between the way Christ stands in the world and the way the other initiates stand in the world. Then one can calmly let people say: I consider one individuality higher than the other, according to how they have worked.

But if one understands the difference that has been characterized, then one also understands the difference in the impulses that have come into the world through the initiates.