Descriptive Sketches of the Spiritual World
GA 140
10 October 1913, Bergen
Lecture I
With all my heart I respond to the very kind greeting just expressed by your representative, and I feel sure that those friends who have come to this town to take part in Anthroposophical life in the company of our Bergen friends will unite with me in this. We have had a beautiful journey across the great mountains, which give us so pleasant and friendly a welcome, and I think our friends will certainly enjoy their stay in this old Hanseatic town all the time we are able to be here. That marvellous handiwork of man, the railway along which we traveled, brought to our notice more closely than in other parts of Europe the impression of the energy of human creative force in actual combination with Nature herself. When one sees the rocks that had to be broken up in order that the hand of man could construct such work, side by side with that other, constructed and piled up by Nature herself, the impressions that pour in upon one do truly make a visit to such a country one of the most beautiful of all possible experiences. In this ancient town our friends will spend the time of our sojourn amidst beautiful impressions which will be preserved in their memories as the background of their visit. These will be days for storing up memories, more especially because we can satisfy ourselves by physical vision that even here, in this part of the world, we can meet with Anthroposophical hearts which beat in unison with our own in the search for the spiritual treasures of humanity. Our visit to this town will certainly link us more closely and more affectionately with those who have received us here in so loving a way.
We are gathered here for the first time, and what I want to say to you will have to be of an aphoristic character. I should like to speak a little concerning that which belongs to the domain of the spiritual world, and this is more easily and better said by word of mouth than in writing, not only because, on account of the prejudices existing in the world today, it is difficult to confide to the written word what I am glad to entrust to the hearts of Anthroposophists, but it is also difficult to do so because spiritual truths really can be better given out in words than in writing or in print. This applies more particularly to the more intimate spiritual truths. Although it has been necessary for me to allow intimate spiritual truths to be written down and printed, I always feel it bitterly. For the very reason that the spiritual beings spoken of in such writings cannot read them, it is a question of much difficulty, for books cannot be read in the spiritual worlds. For a short time after our death they can still be read in our memory, but the beings of the higher Hierarchies cannot read our books. When I am asked whether they do not wish to acquire this art of reading, I am obliged to say that according to my experience they show no desire to do so at present, for they do not consider that the reading of what is produced on earth is needful or useful to them. The reading of the spiritual beings first begins when men on earth read what is written in books, and the content becomes their thoughts, the living thoughts of men. The spirits can then read that content in the thought of man. But what is written or printed is, as it were, darkness to the beings of the spiritual world; therefore one feels that in confiding something to writing or print one is communicating something behind the back of the spiritual beings, which yet is for these spiritual beings themselves. This is a genuine feeling, my dear friends, and one which, if I may venture to say so, even a cultured citizen of the present age cannot quite share, though every true occultist must have this feeling of reluctance to write or to put into print.
When with clairvoyant vision we penetrate the spiritual worlds, it seems to be of special importance that at the present time and in the near future knowledge of the spiritual world should be made more and more widely known, because the change in man's soul-life, which is so necessary now and will become more and more necessary, will greatly depend upon the spreading of Spiritual Science. You see, if we look back with spiritual vision even but a' few centuries to olden times, we come upon something which must greatly surprise anyone ignorant of these things. We find that the intercourse between the living and the dead is becoming increasingly difficult, and that a comparatively short time ago there was a much more active intercourse between them.
When the Christian of the Middle Ages, or indeed the Christian of but a few centuries ago, turned his thoughts when at prayer to the dead who were near and dear to him, his feelings and sentiments were then more able than are such thoughts today to press up to the souls of the dead. It was much easier then for the souls of the dead to feel permeated with the warm breath of the love of those who thought of them and looked up to them in their prayers than it is today, if we only follow the external culture of the age. At the present time the dead are much more shut off from the living than they were a short time ago. It is, in a sense, much more difficult for them to perceive what lives in the souls of those they left behind. This lies in the evolution of mankind, but in this evolution of ours must also lie the recovery of this connection, this living intercourse between the living and the dead. In former times it was still natural to the human soul to be in touch with the dead, although no longer with full consciousness, for men had ceased to be clairvoyant for a very long time. In still earlier ages they could look up at their dead with clairvoyant vision and follow their subsequent life, and just as it was then natural to have living intercourse with the dead, so the soul today, if it acquires thoughts and ideas about the higher spiritual worlds, will acquire the power of establishing intercourse, living intercourse, with the dead. And among the practical tasks of Anthroposophy will be that of gradually building the bridge between the living and the dead by means of Spiritual Science.
That we may clearly understand one another, I should like to draw your attention first of all to a few points connected with this intercourse between the living and the dead. I shall begin with a very simple phenomenon forming a link to further spiritual investigation. Those souls, whose custom it is to ponder over things a little, will have observed the following phenomenon in themselves—and I believe many have done so. Let us take the case of a man who hated someone or perhaps was only conscious that he was antipathetic to him. Now when the person who has been hated or disliked dies, it is often the case that the man who hated him in life cannot continue to hate him to the same extent; he cannot keep up his dislike for him. If the hatred extends beyond the grave he feels a sort of shame that it should be so. This feeling, felt by many, can be traced clairvoyantly, and during this investigation one may ask oneself the following question: “Why feel shame for the hatred or dislike which was felt for the dead, considering no single soul knew of its having been harboured?” When the clairvoyant investigator follows the departed through the gates of death into the spiritual worlds and then looks back at the man who stayed behind, he finds that, in general, the former has a very clear perception of the hatred in the living; in fact, if I may be allowed to use the expression, he sees the hatred as it were. The clairvoyant is able to state very definitely that the dead perceives the hatred, and we can also trace what such hatred means to the dead. It creates an obstacle to his good intentions in his spiritual environment, comparable to the obstacles we may encounter on earth which stand in the way of the attainment of our aims. It is a fact that in the spiritual world the dead encounter the hatred or dislike felt for them as an obstacle in the way of their carrying out their best intentions. So we can understand why, in a soul who searches into himself a little, hatred, even if quite justifiable, will die out because of the shame it entails after the death of the hated one. If a man is not clairvoyant he certainly does not know the reason, but a natural feeling in his soul tells him that he is being observed. He feels: “The dead man perceives my hatred. This dislike of mine is an obstacle in the way of his good intentions.” Many deep feelings exist in the human soul which are made clear when we ascend to the spiritual worlds and face the spiritual facts which are the cause of these feelings. Just as on earth we do not wish to be observed externally, physically, when doing certain things—and in fact refrain from doing them if we know ourselves to be observed—so we do not go on hating a man after his death if we feel ourselves observed by him. But the love, or even sympathy, which we feel for the dead man really makes his journey easier; it removes obstacles from his path. What I am now saying, namely, that hatred creates obstacles and love clears them away, does not imply any interference with Karma, any more than do many things that happen on earth which we must not consider as directly belonging to Karma. For instance, if we knock our foot against a stone we must not always put that down to Karma—at any rate, not to moral Karma. In the same way, it is not in contradiction to Karma that the dead feel relief because of the love that flows up from the earth, or that they encounter obstacles blocking the way of their good intentions.
Another thing which will appeal even more strongly with respect to the intercourse between the living and the dead is that the dead in a sense also require nourishment, though, of course, not the same nourishment as do human beings on the earth, but spiritual psychic nourishment. Just as we on earth must have our harvest-fields in which the fruits ripen upon which we support our physical life (I may use the comparison, for it corresponds to the facts), so too must the dead have their harvest-fields, from which they can reap the fruits they need in the time between death and a new birth. When clairvoyant vision follows the dead, it can see that the sleeping human souls are the harvest-fields of the dead. It is, indeed, not only surprising, but really extremely upsetting to a man who for the first time is able to see into the spiritual world, to perceive how the human souls living in the intervening period between death and a new birth hurry to the sleeping souls, seeking for the thoughts and ideas to be found in them. From these they obtain the food supply which they require. When we go to sleep at night the thoughts and ideas which have passed through our minds in our waking hours come to life—they become living beings, so to speak. Then the souls of the dead draw near and take part in these ideas, and in so doing they feel themselves nourished. Oh! it is an extremely affecting experience when we turn our clairvoyant vision to the dead who nightly visit their sleeping friends. (This applies particularly to blood-relations.) They wish to bathe in and, as it were, nourish themselves on the thoughts and ideas that the living took with them into their sleep, but fail to find anything nourishing. For there is a very great difference between one idea and another as regards our sleeping state. If we are busy all day long with the materialistic ideas of life, giving our minds only to what goes on in the physical world and to what can be done there, and do not give a single thought to the spiritual worlds before going to sleep—indeed, in some respects just the opposite—we can offer no nourishment for the dead. I know some parts of Europe where the young people are so educated that they go to sleep after having tried to drink as much beer as they can hold! That means that the thoughts and ideas which they carry over cannot live in the spiritual world, and when the dead approach them they find a barren field; this is just as hard for them as when our own crops fail and famine ensues. Particularly in our present time great famines can be observed in the spiritual worlds, for materialistic feelings are very prevalent now, and there are a great number of persons who consider it childish to think about the spiritual world. They thus withhold from those souls who ought to obtain nourishment from them after death their necessary soul-food.
In order that this fact may be rightly understood it is necessary to mention that after our death we can feed on the thoughts and ideas of those souls with whom we were in some way connected in our lifetime. We cannot draw nourishment from those with whom we had no connection. If we propagate spiritual science today, so that we may once again have living spiritual content in our souls, then, my dear friends, we are not only working for the living that they may have satisfaction, but we try to fill our hearts and souls with thoughts about the spiritual world, knowing that the dead who were related to us on earth must be nourished by them. We feel today that we are not only working for the so-called living, but that by spreading Spiritual Science we are also serving the spiritual world. When we are addressing the living, talking to them about what this daily life should be, then, by reason of the satisfaction which these souls experience, we are creating ideas for their night-life which can be fruitful nourishment for those whose Karma has led them to die before ourselves. That is why the need is felt, not only of making Anthroposophy known by the ordinary outer methods, but there is also an inner longing to cultivate it in groups, for it is of great importance that persons who study Anthroposophy should associate together. As I have already said, the dead can only draw nourishment from those with whom they were connected in life, and they try to bring souls together so as to make the harvest-fields for the dead ever more extensive. Many a man who can find no harvest-fields after death because his whole family are materialists, can find some in the souls of the Anthroposophists with whom he has associated. That is a deeper reason why we should work together and are anxious that any member who dies should, before his death, become acquainted with persons, Anthroposophists, who while still on earth occupy themselves with spiritual things, for he can afterwards draw nourishment from them when they are asleep.
In the early days of men's evolution, when men's souls were still filled with a certain religious spiritual life, the religious communities, and especially the blood-relations, sought intercourse with the dead. Now, however, blood-relationship has lost its power and must be replaced more and more by the cultivation of a spiritual life such as that of our Movement. Thus we see that Anthroposophy can promise to create a new bond between the living and the dead, and that we can thereby be of use to the dead. And when we today with clairvoyant vision find persons living between death and a new birth who have the unfortunate experience of discovering that all those they knew on earth, even their own relations, have only materialistic thoughts, we recognise the necessity of permeating the culture of our day with spiritual thoughts. For instance, we find in the spiritual world a man we knew on earth who recently died leaving behind him relations whom we also know, a wife and children, all of whom in the external sense are quite good people. With clairvoyant vision we see this man unable to find his wife, who was the very sun of his existence when he came home after a hard day's work; yet because she had no spiritual thoughts in her heart and mind he cannot see into her soul; and, if he is in a position to do so, he inquires: “Where is my wife? What has become of her?” He can only look back at the time when he was with her on earth; but now, when he wants her most of all, he cannot find her. This may happen. There are many people today who more or less believe that the dead, as far as we are concerned, have passed into a sort of nothingness, and they can only think of them with entirely materialistic thoughts—no fruitful thoughts whatever. When we look down from the after death life upon someone still on earth who was fond of us but does not believe in the survival of the soul after death, at that moment, when our whole attention is centred on trying to get into touch with the loved one, our vision becomes as it were extinguished, for we cannot find the living friend nor come into touch with him; yet we know it could easily be done if there were any spiritual thoughts in his mind. That is a frequent and very painful experience of the dead. Clairvoyant vision can perceive many a soul who, after death, finds many obstacles put in the way of his intentions through the thoughts of hatred by which he is followed; yet he can find no comfort in the loving thoughts of those he left behind, being unable to contact them because of their materialism. These laws of the spiritual world, which can be thus observed with clairvoyant vision, are really and truly valid, as can be seen in cases which we have been able to observe. It is instructive to observe how the thoughts of hatred, or at any rate of antipathy, work on, even if they were not formed in full consciousness. Schoolteachers can be observed who were generally considered severe and were unable to attract the love of their young pupils, whose thoughts of hatred and dislike are innocent, so to speak. When such a teacher dies, one sees how here too the thoughts that follow him are, as it were, obstacles to him in the spiritual world. The child or young person does not reflect, when the teacher dies, that he ought not to go on hating him, but he naturally goes on doing so, remembering how he was tormented by him. By means of these glimpses we can learn much as to the relation between the living and the dead, and what I have been trying to put before you today is for the purpose of suggesting something which may be developed and be a good result of our Anthroposophical strivings. I mean what is known as “Reading to the Dead.” It has been proved in our Movement that we render immense service to those souls who have died before us by reading to them about spiritual things. The way to do this is to direct your thoughts to them and, to make this easier, picture them standing or sitting in front of you. You can read in this way to several at a time. You need not read out loud, but follow the written thoughts attentively, always keeping the dead in mind, thinking: “He is standing before me, I am reading to him.” It is not even necessary to read from a book, but you must not think abstract thoughts, but think each thought out clearly; that is the way to read to the dead. This can be carried so far, although it is more difficult to do, that you can even read to someone with whom you were only distantly acquainted if you have had thoughts in common with him, such as a belief in the same conception of the cosmos, or if you had the same thoughts about some domain of life which brought you into personal relationship with him. It may be of great help to read to him after death. This has been done in all ages.
I have been asked, “What is the best time for this,” but it is quite independent of time. The thing that matters is that you should think the thoughts through to their end and not think superficially. The subject must be gone through word by word, as if spoken inwardly If this is done, the dead read it with us. Such reading is not only helpful to Anthroposophists—far from it! A short time ago one of our friends was disturbed every night, as was his wife also. They felt a disquietude; and, as the man's father had recently died, he came to the conclusion that the soul of his father was present, wanting something of him. Our friend then came to consult me; and it appeared that his father, who in his lifetime would never hear a word of Spiritual Science, now felt a very strong need to learn something of it. The son and his wife then read to his father the Course on St. John's Gospel which I once gave in Cassel, and this soul was very greatly helped, and felt himself lifted above many disharmonies which he had been feeling after his death.
This case is all the more remarkable because the dead man had been a preacher, constantly addressing the public from his own religious standpoint; yet after his death he could only be satisfied by having an anthroposophical elucidation of St. John's Gospel read out to him. Thus we see that it is by no means necessary that the dead we wish to help should have been Anthroposophists in life, although, of course, we help the latter more particularly by reading to them.
When we observe such a fact as this, my dear friends, we gradually acquire quite different thoughts about the soul of man. The human soul is, indeed, much more complicated than is generally supposed. What we are conscious of is really but a small part of our soul-life. Much takes place in the subconscious depths of the soul of which man knows but little. Often it is the very opposite of what he believes and thinks in his normal consciousness. It may often occur that a member of a family is attracted to Anthroposophy while his brother or his wife or someone with whom he is closely connected dislikes it more and more and rages against it because he has joined it. There is often an increasing dislike of Anthroposophy in such a family, so that life becomes really difficult because of the attitude of these good friends and dear relations. Now, if such souls are investigated clairvoyantly, it is often found to be the case that in their subconscious depths a profound longing for Anthroposophy is developing. Sometimes the relation who raises the strongest objection in reality longs subconsciously more intensely for Anthroposophy than does the member who attends all its meetings. But death lifts the veil from the subconsciousness and levels all these things out. It frequently occurs that a person may be dulled as regards what lies in his subconsciousness, where there may be a very strong yearning for Spiritual Science. By raging against it he deadens the longing of which he was not aware, but after death it will come out all the more strongly. Therefore we should not omit to read to those souls who in their lifetime fought against Anthroposophy, for indeed it often occurs that we can help those most of all.
The question frequently asked in this connection is: “How can we know that the dead really hear us?” Well, of course it is difficult to know this unless we have clairvoyant vision, but if we regularly think about the dead and work for them, we may suddenly come to feel: “They are listening.” This feeling is only lacking if we are inattentive and do not notice the peculiar feeling of warmth which is often present when we are thus reading. We really can acquire this feeling, but even if we fail to do so, my dear friends, there is a law which must often be applied to our relation to the spiritual world. It is the following: If we read to the dead and they hear us, we most certainly help them, but even if they do not hear us we are fulfilling our duty, and perhaps eventually we may succeed in making them hear. In any case, we are certainly doing good, for we are filling ourselves with thoughts and ideas which will most certainly serve as nourishment for the dead in the first-mentioned way. So that nothing is lost, and the practice of this custom has proved that the longing on the part of the dead for what is thus read to them is certainly widespread, and that we can render immense service to those to whom we read the spiritual wisdom which has now been brought to light.
Thus we may hope that the partition separating the dead from the living may become thinner as Spiritual Science is more widely known in the world. Truly it will be a beautiful result of the work of Anthroposophy, paradoxical though it may seem, if men eventually learn by practical experience, and not merely in theory, that we only have a difference of experience when we have passed through so-called death and are in the company of the dead. We can even help them to share in what we ourselves take part in physical life. We are forming an entirely wrong conception of the life between death and rebirth if we ask: “What is the good of reading to the dead? Can they not see for themselves all that we can read to them, and know it all much better than we do?” This question can only be asked by one who is not in a position to judge of what can be experienced in the spiritual world! As you know, a man may be in the physical world without acquiring knowledge of it; and if he is not in a position of being able to judge of this or that, he cannot acquire knowledge of the physical world. The animals live in the physical world with us, yet they have not so much knowledge concerning it as we have. The fact that the dead live in the spiritual world does not necessarily give them knowledge of the world, although they can see it. The knowledge which can be acquired through Spiritual Science can only be acquired on earth; it cannot be acquired in the spiritual world. If, therefore, the beings in the spiritual world are to possess it too, they can only gain it from the beings still on the earth. That is an important secret of the spiritual worlds. We may live in them and be able to perceive them, but the necessary knowledge concerning these worlds can only be acquired on earth. Here I must mention something about the spiritual worlds which I shall amplify in my lecture tomorrow—something of which most people have no correct conception. While man between death and rebirth is living in the spiritual world he has more or less the same longing as we here below have for the spiritual world, and he expects from us on earth that we should show him things connected with the earth, and cause them to shine forth so that they can be seen by him and thus give him the knowledge that can only be acquired on the earth. Not without reason has the earth been founded on the spiritual cosmic existence; it has been called to life so that what can only be brought about on earth can come into existence. Knowledge of the spiritual worlds which transcends the vision and perception of those worlds themselves can only be acquired on earth. I have already said that the spiritual beings of the spiritual worlds are not able to read our books, and I must now add that what lives in us now as Anthroposophy is to the spiritual beings, as well as to our own souls after death, what books are to human physical beings on our earth—something whereby they acquire knowledge of the world. But these books which we ourselves are to the dead are living books.
Realise this significant saying, my dear friends, that we must furnish literature for the dead! Our own books are in certain respects more patient; they do not cause their letters to vanish into the paper whilst we are reading them. We human beings often take the opportunity of reading away from the dead by filling our minds with material thoughts which are really invisible in the spiritual world. As the question is often put to me whether the dead themselves know all that we are able to give them, I must say that they cannot do so; for Anthroposophy can only be established on earth, and from thence must be carried up into the spiritual worlds.
When we ourselves observe these worlds and have a little personal experience of them, we find ourselves confronted with quite different conditions from those prevalent here on earth. That is why it is so extremely difficult to express these in human words and thoughts. Often when one tries to speak in a concrete way about the conditions in the spiritual worlds it all sounds paradoxical.
Here I may perhaps tell you incidentally something of a being, a deceased human soul with whom, because it knew much, I have been able to make investigations in the spiritual world concerning the great painter Leonardo da Vinci, and especially as regards his celebrated picture of the Last Supper in Milan. When one investigates a spiritual fact in cooperation with such a soul as this, it can point to many a fact that one might not discern simply by clairvoyant vision into the Akashic Records. The human soul in the spiritual world can indicate these, but can only do so to an investigator who has understanding of the things it wishes to point out. Suppose, together with such a soul, one investigates the way in which Leonardo painted the world-renowned “Last Supper!” What remains of that picture today is hardly more than a few specks of colour, but in the Akashic Records one can watch Leonardo at work and can perceive, although it is none too easy, what the picture was then like. If one is able thus to investigate, in company with a soul not in incarnation but who has a connection with Leonardo da Vinci and studies his paintings, one observes that this soul points out this or that. For instance, it may make one realise the actual faces of Christ and Judas on the canvas. Yet one becomes aware that the soul could not do this unless, at the time of showing, there was the necessary understanding on the part of the living investigator. This is a sine qua non. The discarnate soul itself only learns to understand what till now it could only perceive, during the time the living soul is being willingly taught. Thus a soul with whom one has had such an experience—which can only be experienced in the above-mentioned way—says to one, symbolically speaking of course: “You have brought me here to this picture. Because you yourself felt the need of investigating the picture, I on my part felt the impulse to look at it with you!” After that follow various experiences, but the time comes when the soul either vanishes or says: “Now I must go.” In the case to which I am referring the dead soul said: “Up to now the soul of Leonardo da Vinci was quite willing to have the picture seen, but it does not now wish the investigation carried farther.”
In telling you this I am giving you a very important detail of the life of the Spirit. As we in physical life always know what we see and always know that we are looking at this or that—as we see these roses here on the table—so in the spiritual life we always know when a spiritual being is looking at us. When we pass through the spiritual worlds we always feel that this or that being is looking at us. In the physical world we are conscious that we go through it observing the things around us, but in the spiritual world we feel that this or that being is looking at us. We are constantly aware of being seen, of being appraised, and this leads us to form decisions to do something or other, knowing that we are being approved of or the reverse; and if there is anything we ought or ought not to do, we either do it or not accordingly. Just as we pluck a flower because it takes our fancy after we have seen it, so in the spiritual world we do a thing because it pleases some being, or refrain from doing it because we cannot stand the glance that is turned on such an action. This is a state of things to which we must grow accustomed. Over there we have the feeling of being seen, just as here we feel that we see. In a sense what is passive here is active there, and what is active here is passive there. From this you can see, my dear friends, that we must acquire absolutely different concepts if we are to understand aright the descriptions referring to the spiritual world. You will see how difficult it is to coin in ordinary human language the descriptions of the spiritual world which one would so gladly give. You will realize that for many things the necessary understanding must first have been created.
There is just one thing more to which I should like to draw your attention. It might be asked why anthroposophical literature as a whole describes freely enough what takes place in the spiritual world immediately after death, what takes place in Kamaloca, and afterwards in Spirit Land, but tells very little of the separate clairvoyant glimpses? It may very likely be supposed that it is far easier to observe s particular soul after death than to trace the experiences generally described; but this is not the case. I shall make use of an example to prove this.
With the rightly developed clairvoyance it is easier to perceive the greater events, such as the passage of the human soul through death into Kamaloca and in its further ascent, than it is to see the particular experiences of a given soul: just as in the physical world it is easier to recognise what is regularly subject to the influences of the greater heavenly movements than what is in a sense spasmodically influenced by them. You can all reckon on the fact that the sun will rise tomorrow morning and set at night, but it is not easy to foresee what the weather may be, So it is with clairvoyance. The accounts we generally give in our descriptions of the spiritual worlds may be compared with the knowledge we have of the general course of the heavenly bodies. We can always reckon that these things will be fulfilled as described. But the separate events in life between death and rebirth are like the weather conditions on earth, which are, of course, subject to law, but are more difficult to recognise; for even on the earth itself one can hardly tell in one place what the weather will be in another. It is not easy here in Bergen to know w hat the weather in Berlin may be, although we know the relative positions of the sun and moon there. To follow up an individual life after death is more difficult, and demands a more special cultivation of the gift of clairvoyance than to follow the general course of the human soul. If the training be carried out aright, knowledge of the general conditions is acquired first, and the rest, which appears to be easier, comes much later—after much schooling. A man may have been able for a considerable time to see quite clearly as regards Kamaloca and Devachan and yet find it extremely difficult to read the time by the watch concealed in your pocket. The things of the physical world are most difficult of all to the clairvoyant training. It is exactly the reverse as regards acquiring knowledge of the higher worlds. A man makes mistakes here because there still exists a natural clairvoyance which is uncertain and subject to many errors. This may persist for a long time without giving the clairvoyant vision the outlook on the general conditions described by Anthroposophy, which to the trained clairvoyant comes more easily. These are the things of which I wished to speak to you today in respect of the spiritual world. Tomorrow we shall continue these observations and enter somewhat more deeply into them.
Die Lebendige Wechselwirkung Zwischen Lebenden Und Toten
Erster Vortrag
In der herzlichsten Weise erwidre ich den lieben Gruß, der soeben von Ihrem Vertreter ausgesprochen worden ist. Und überzeugt bin ich, daß diejenigen Freunde, die mit mir hier in diese Stadt heraufgekommen sind, um mit unseren Bergener Freunden anthroposophisches Leben zu pflegen, herzlich einstimmen in diese Begrüßung. Es ist ja zweifellos schön gewesen bei der Herfahrt über die uns so freundlich und so großartig anmutenden Berge, und ich glaube, daß unsere Freunde sich in der alten hanseatischen Stadt wohl fühlen werden in den Tagen, in denen sie hier sein können. Nicht nur hat uns das Menschenwunderwerk der Bahn, mit welcher wir gefahren sind, in intimer Weise gerade in dieser Gegend den Eindruck nahebringen können, den man in anderen Gegenden Europas wenig hat, daß, unmittelbar zusammengedrängt, uns entgegentrat menschliche energische Schaffenskraft in der ursprünglichen Natur: wenn man sieht, wie Steine, die notwendig gebrochen werden mußten, um so etwas zustande zu bringen, wie es der menschliche Geist heute zustande bringt, unmittelbar neben den anderen liegen, die die Natur aufgetürmt hat, dann kommen Eindrücke, die wahrhaftig den Besuch eines solchen Landes zu dem Herrlichsten machen können, das man heute unternehmen kann. In dieser alten Stadt werden die Freunde die Tage, an denen wir hier sein dürfen, schön durchleben und sie besonders in Erinnerung bewahren durch diesen erhabenen Hintergrund des Aufenthaltes. Es werden Tage des Andenkens sein. Insbesondere aber werden sie das sein aus dem Grunde, weil wir uns durch den äußeren, physischen Augenschein überzeugen durften, daß wir auch hier in dieser Gegend anthroposophische Herzen finden können, die mit uns zusammenschlagen in dem Erstreben der geistigen Schätze der Menschheit. Gewiß werden sich die Besucher dieser Stadt noch enger, noch lieber, noch teurer verbunden glauben mit denen, die uns hier so lieb aufgenommen haben.
Dasjenige, was ich, da wir ja gewissermaßen zum ersten Male hier zusammen sind, besprechen möchte, wird eine Art aphoristischen Charakter tragen. Ich möchte aus dem Gebiete der geistigen Welt einiges von dem besprechen, was leichter und besser mündlich gesagt werden kann, als es in unserer Schrift aufgezeichnet werden kann. Leichter mündlich gesagt werden kann es nicht nur aus dem Grunde, weil es heute gegenüber den Vorurteilen der Welt nicht bloß in vieler Beziehung noch schwierig ist, alles sozusagen der Schrift anzuvertrauen, was man gerne anthroposophischen hingebungsvollen Herzen anvertraut, sondern auch schwierig aus dem Grunde, weil wirklich sich die geistigen Wahrheiten besser mündlich sagen lassen, als daß sie der Schrift und dem Druck anvertraut werden. Insbesondere muß das gelten von den intimeren geistigen Wahrheiten. Man hat immer ein etwas bitteres Gefühl, trotzdem in unserer Zeit es ja sein muß, daß diese Dinge auch aufgeschrieben und gedruckt werden; es ist immer mißlich, die intimeren geistigen Wahrheiten, die sich auf die höheren geistigen Welten selber beziehen, aufzuschreiben und sie drucken zu lassen. Schon aus dem Grunde ist das mißlich, weil ja die Schrift und der Druck zu den Dingen gehören, welche die Wesen, von denen man da spricht, die geistigen Wesen, nicht lesen können. Bücher können in der geistigen Welt nicht gelesen werden. Bücher können zwar von uns eine kurze Zeit nach unserem Tode aus der Erinnerung heraus noch gelesen werden, aber die Wesen der höheren Hierarchien können unsere Bücher nicht lesen. Und wenn Sie fragen, ob sie sich denn diese Kunst des Lesens nicht aneignen wollen, so muß ich nach meiner Erfahrung gestehen, daß sie vorläufig keine Lust dazu zeigen, weil sie das Lesen desjenigen, was auf der Erde hervorgebracht wird, für sich selber nicht nötig und nicht nützlich finden. Das Lesen der geistigen Wesenheiten beginnt erst dann, wenn Menschen auf der Erde in den Büchern lesen, das heißt: wenn das, was in den Büchern steht, lebendiger Gedanke der Menschen wird, dann lesen die Geister in den Gedanken der Menschen. Aber dasjenige, was geschrieben oder gedruckt ist, das ist wie die Finsternis für die Wesen der geistigen Welt; so daß man gegenüber diesen geistigen Wesenheiten selber das Gefühl hat, daß wenn man der Schrift oder dem Druck etwas anvertraut, man Mitteilungen macht hinter dem Rücken der geistigen Wesenheiten. Das ist ein reales Gefühl, das ein Kulturbürger der Gegenwart vielleicht nicht ganz teilen wird; aber jeder wahre Okkultist wird dieses Gefühl des Widerstrebens gegen Schrift und Druck haben.
Wenn wir mit dem hellsichtigen Blick in die geistigen Welten eindringen, dann erscheint es uns besonders in der Gegenwart von ganz besonderer Wichtigkeit, daß immer mehr und mehr, von der Gegenwart angefangen, in die nächste Zukunft hinein das Wissen von der geistigen Welt Verbreitung und immer mehr und mehr Verbreitung gewinnt, weil von dieser Verbreitung der Geisteswissenschaft vieles abhängen wird in bezug auf eine immer notwendiger und notwendiger werdende Änderung des menschlichen Seelenlebens. Sehen Sie, wenn wir in alte Zeiten zurückgehen mit unserem geistigen Blick, wenn wir nur um Jahrhunderte zurückgehen, so finden wir mit dem geistigen Blick etwas, was für den Nichtkenner recht überraschend sein kann. Man findet nämlich, daß der Verkehr zwischen Lebenden und Toten immer schwieriger und schwieriger wird, daß noch vor einer verhältnismäßig kurzen Zeit die lebendige Wechselwirkung der Lebenden und der Toten eine viel regsamere war. Wenn der Christ des Mittelalters oder auch der Christ noch gar nicht lang verflossener Jahrhunderte mit seinem Gebet das Gedenken an die ihm verwandten oder bekannten Verstorbenen gerichtet hat, so waren in diesen verflossenen Jahrhunderten die Gefühle, die Empfindungen eines solchen Betenden viel kraftvoller, als sie heute sind, um zu den verstorbenen Seelen hinaufzudringen. Viel leichter fühlte sich die verstorbene Seele in der Vergangenheit durchdrungen von dem warmen Hauch der Liebe derjenigen, die im Gebet zu ihr hinaufschauten oder hinaufdachten, als das heute der Fall sein kann, wenn wir uns nur der äußeren Zeitbildung hingeben. Und wiederum sind heute die Toten viel abgeschnittener von den Lebenden, als es noch vor einer verhältnismäßig kurzen Zeit der Fall war. Die Toten haben es heute gewissermaßen viel schwieriger, dasjenige zu erblicken, was in den Seelen der Zurückgebliebenen lebendig vorgeht. Dieses liegt in der Evolution der Menschheit. Aber in der Evolution der Menschheit muß es auch liegen, diesen Zusammenhang, diesen lebendigen Verkehr zwischen den Lebenden und den Toten wiederum zu finden. Es war in früheren Zeiten der Menschenseele ein lebendiger Zusammenhang mit den Toten noch auf natürliche Weise eigen, wenn auch nicht mehr mit vollem Bewußtsein, weil ja schon seit einer längeren Vergangenheit die Menschen nicht mehr hellsichtig sind. In noch früherer Zeit konnten die Lebenden auch noch hellsichtig aufblicken zu den Toten, das Leben der Toten verfolgen. Wie früher es der Seele natürlich war, eine lebendige Wechselwirkung zu haben mit den Toten, so kann heute die Seele dadurch, daß sie sich aneignet Gedanken und Ideen über die höheren, geistigen Welten, wieder die Kraft finden, den Verkehr mit den Toten, die lebendige Wechselwirkung herzustellen. Und unter den praktischen Aufgaben des anthroposophischen Lebens wird auch diese sein, daß wiederum die Brücke immer mehr und mehr gebaut werde durch die Geisteswissenschaft zwischen den Lebenden und den Toten.
Damit wir uns recht verstehen, möchte ich zuerst auf einiges in der Wechselwirkung zwischen Lebenden und Toten aufmerksam machen. Ich möchte von einer ganz einfachen Erscheinung ausgehen und möchte geistesforscherisch an diese Erscheinung anknüpfen. Seelen, welche manchmal ein wenig mit sich zu Rate gehen, werden folgendes bei sich beobachten können — ich glaube, daß es viele Seelen gibt, die das bei sich beobachtet haben: Nehmen wir einmal an, irgend jemand habe im Leben eine andere Person gehaßt oder vielleicht nur sich sagen müssen, daß ihr diese andere Person antipathisch war oder ist. Wenn diese Person, die gehaßt wurde oder der gegenüber jemand Antipathie empfunden hat, dann stirbt — ich glaube, daß viele Seelen das von sich aus wissen —, dann fühlt derjenige, der gehaßt hat oder der Antipathie empfunden hat im Leben, wenn er von dem Tode erfährt, daß er nicht mehr in derselben Weise diese Persönlichkeit hassen kann oder nicht mehr die Antipathie aufrechterhalten kann. Und wenn der Haß fortdauert über das Grab hinaus, dann fühlen zartere Seelen Schamgefühl über einen solchen Haß, über eine solche Antipathie, die über das Grab hinaus dauert. Diese Empfindung, die sich bei vielen Seelen findet, kann nun hellsichtig verfolgt werden. Man kann während der Forschung sich die Frage stellen: Warum tritt denn dieses Schamgefühl der Seele ein gegenüber einem Haß oder einer Antipathie, warum tritt es ein, wenn man auch gar nicht einmal im Leben irgendeiner zweiten Person angedeutet hat, daß man diesen Haß hat?
Wenn der Hellseher den Menschen, der durch die Pforte des Todes gegangen ist, in die geistigen Welten hinauf verfolgt und da einen Blick tut auf die Seele, die hier auf Erden zurückgeblieben ist, so stellt sich heraus, daß im allgemeinen die verstorbene Seele eine sehr deutliche Wahrnehmung, eine sehr deutliche Empfindung von dem Haß in der lebenden Seele hat; gleichsam, wenn ich mich eines Bildes bedienen darf: der Tote sieht den Haß. Das kann der Hellseher ganz genau konstatieren, daß der Tote einen solchen Haß sieht. Aber wir können auch verfolgen, was ein solcher Haß für den Toten bedeutet. Ein solcher Haß bedeutet nämlich für den Toten ein Hindernis für die guten Absichten in seiner geistigen Entwickelung, ein Hindernis, das etwa verglichen werden kann mit Hindernissen, die wir für die Erreichung eines äußeren Zieles auf Erden haben finden können. Dies ist der Tatbestand in der geistigen Welt, daß der Tote den Haß als Hindernis seiner guten und besten Absichten vorfindet. Und jetzt begreifen wir, warum in der Seele, die ein wenig mit sich selbst zu Rate geht, sogar der im Leben berechtigte Haß erstirbt: weil sie Scham empfindet, wenn der gehaßte Mensch gestorben ist. Wenn der Mensch kein Hellseher ist, so weiß er zwar nicht, was da vorliegt, aber das ist wie durch ein natürliches Gefühl in die Seele gepflanzt, daß er sich beobachtet fühlt; er fühlt: der Tote schaut meinen Haß, ja, dieser Haß ist für ihn sogar ein Hindernis in seinen guten Absichten. — Viele tiefe Gefühle sind in der Menschenseele, die sich erklären, wenn man in die Geisteswelten hinaufsteigt und die geistigen Tatsachen ins Auge faßt, welche diesen Gefühlen zugrunde liegen. Wie man für manche Dinge auf der Erde äußerlich physisch nicht beobachtet sein will, beziehungsweise wie man diese Dinge nicht tut, wenn man sich beobachtet weiß, so haßt man nicht über den Tod hinaus, wenn man die Empfindung hat: man wird von dem Toten beobachtet. Die Liebe aber oder auch nur die Sympathie, die wir dem Toten entgegenbringen, die ist dem Toten tatsächlich eine Erleichterung auf seinem Wege, die schafft ihm Hindernisse hinweg. Das was ich jetzt sage, daß Haß Hindernisse schafft im Jenseits und Liebe sie beseitigt, das ist nicht eine Durchbrechung des Karma, wie ja auch hier auf der Erde viele Dinge geschehen, die wir nicht unmittelbar einzurechnen haben in das Karma. Wenn wir unseren Fuß an einen Stein stoßen, so müssen wir das nicht immer in das Karma einrechnen, wenigstens nicht in das moralische Karma. Ebenso widerspricht es nicht dem Karma, wenn der Tote sich erleichtert fühlt durch die Liebe, die ihm zuströmt von der Erde, und wenn er Hindernisse findet für seine guten Absichten.
Etwas anderes, was, man möchte sagen, schon energischer zu den Seelen sprechen wird in bezug auf den Verkehr zwischen Toten und Lebenden, das ist, daß die toten Seelen auch in einer gewissen Weise Nahrung brauchen, allerdings nicht Nahrung, wie sie die Menschen brauchen auf der Erde, sondern geistig-seelische Nahrung. Wie es einer Tatsache entspricht, daß wir Menschen auf der Erde - ich darf diesen Vergleich gebrauchen — unsere Saatfelder haben müssen, auf denen die Früchte gedeihen, von denen wir auf Erden physisch leben, so müssen die Seelen der Toten Saatfelder haben, auf denen sie gewisse Früchte ernten können, die sie brauchen in der Zeit zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt. Wenn der hellsichtige Blick die toten Seelen verfolgt, so sieht er, wie die schlafenden Menschenseelen das Saatfeld sind für die Toten, für die Dahingegangenen. Es ist gewiß nicht nur überraschend, sondern für den, der das zum ersten Male sieht in der geistigen Welt, sogar im höchsten Grade erschütternd, zu sehen, wie die Menschenseelen, die zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt leben, gleichsam hineilen zu den schlafenden Menschenseelen und nach den Gedanken und Ideen suchen, welche in den schlafenden Menschenseelen sind: denn von diesen nähren sie sich, und sie brauchen diese Nahrung. Wenn wir nämlich des Abends einschlafen, können wir schon sagen: da beginnen die Ideen, die Gedanken, die während unseres Wachzustandes durch unser Bewußtsein gegangen sind, zu leben, werden gleichsam lebendige Wesen. Und die toten Seelen kommen herbei und nehmen Anteil an diesen Ideen. In dem Anblick dieser Ideen fühlen sie sich genährt. Oh, es hat etwas Erschütterndes, wenn man den hellsichtigen Blick richtet auf hingestorbene Menschen, die allnächtlich zu den schlafenden Zurückgebliebenen kommen — wir müssen da sowohl die Freunde als auch besonders die Blutsverwandten in Betracht ziehen — und wollen sich gleichsam laben, nähren an den Gedanken und Ideen, die diese mit in den Schlaf genommen haben — und finden nichts, was für sie nahrhaft ist. Denn es ist ein großer Unterschied zwischen Ideen und Ideen in bezug auf unsern Schlafzustand. Wenn wir den ganzen Tag über uns nur beschäftigen mit den materiellen Ideen des Lebens, wenn wir die Blicke nur richten auf dasjenige, was in der physischen Welt vor sich geht und dort verrichtet werden kann, und wenn wir nicht einmal vor dem Einschlafen einen Gedanken haben an die geistigen Welten, sondern im Gegenteil in vieler Beziehung anders als durch Gedanken uns in die geistigen Welten hinüberbringen, so bieten wir keine Nahrung für die Toten. — Ich kenne Gegenden in Europa, wo die jungen Leute an den Hochschulen so erzogen werden, daß sie sich in Schlaf bringen, indem sie sich die sogenannte Bettschwere mit dem nötigen Quantum Bier antrinken. Das ist ein Hinüberbringen von Ideen, die nicht leben können drüben. Und wenn dann die toten Seelen herankommen, dann finden sie ein leeres Feld, dann geht es diesen toten Seelen so, wie es uns geht für unsern physischen Leib, wenn durch Unfruchtbarkeit auf unsern Feldern Hungersnot ausbricht. Namentlich in unserer Zeit kann viel Seelenhungersnot beobachtet werden in den geistigen Welten, denn das materialistische Fühlen und Empfinden hat viel Verbreitung schon gefunden. Und es gibt ja heute schon zahlreiche Menschen, die es als kindisch empfinden, sich mit Gedanken an die geistige Welt zu befassen. Sie entziehen dadurch Menschen, die von ihnen Nahrung bekommen sollen nach dem Tode, diese Nahrung, diese Seelennahrung.
Damit man dieses Faktum richtig versteht, muß erwähnt werden, daß man sich nach dem Tode nähren kann von den Ideen und Gedanken nur derjenigen Seelen, mit denen man irgendwie im Leben im Zusammenhang war. Von denjenigen, mit denen man gar keinen Zusammenhang hatte, kann man sich nach dem Tode nicht nähren. Wenn wir in unserer heutigen Zeit, um wiederum spirituell Lebendiges in den Seelen zu haben, von dem sich die Toten nähren können, Geisteswissenschaft verbreiten, dann arbeiten wir wirklich nicht bloß für die Lebenden, nicht bloß darum, daß die Lebenden eine theoretische Befriedigung haben, sondern wir versuchen unsere Herzen und Seelen anzufüllen mit Gedanken der geistigen Welt, weil wir wissen, daß die Toten, die mit uns auf der Erde verbunden waren, nach dem Tode von diesen Ideen und diesen Empfindungen für das spirituelle Leben sich nähren müssen. Wir fühlen uns heute nicht nur als Arbeiter für die sogenannten lebenden Menschen, sondern zugleich auch als Arbeiter so, daß die geisteswissenschaftliche Arbeit, die Verbreitung des anthroposophischen Lebens auch den geistigen Welten dient. Wir schaffen, indem wir zu den Lebenden sprechen für deren Tagesleben, durch die spirituelle Seelenbefriedigung für das Nachtleben solche Ideen, die fruchtbare Nahrung für die Seelen sind, die früher hinzusterben als wir das Karma haben. Und deshalb ist der Drang vorhanden, nicht nur auf dem gewöhnlichen Wege äußerer Mitteilung die Geisteswissenschaft oder Anthroposophie zu verbreiten, sondern das liegt, man möchte sagen, insgeheim auf dem Grunde unserer Sehnsucht, diese Geisteswissenschaft oder Anthroposophie in Gesellschaften, in Zweigen zu verbreiten, weil es einen Wert hat, daß persönlich physisch in Gemeinsamkeit, in Gesellschaft diejenigen Menschen zusammen sind, die Geisteswissenschaft treiben. Denn ich habe ja gesagt, daß man als Toter nur Nahrung schöpfen kann von den Seelen, mit denen man zusammen war im Leben. Wir suchen die Seelen zusammenzubringen, um das Saatfeld für die Toten immer größer und größer zu machen. Gar mancher Mensch, der heute, wenn er dahingestorben ist, kein Saatfeld findet, weil seine Familie nur aus Materialisten besteht, findet es bei jenen Seelen der Anthroposophen, weil er mit Geisteswissenschaft zusammengebracht worden ist. Das ist der tiefere Grund, warum wir gesellschaftsmäßig arbeiten, warum wir eine gewisse Sorge haben, daß derjenige, der dahinstirbt, bevor er hinstirbt, kennenlernen kann Menschen, die sich noch auf Erden mit spirituellen Dingen beschäftigen; denn daraus kann er Nahrung schöpfen, wenn diese Menschen im schlafenden Zustand sind.
In alten Zeiten der Menschheitsentwickelung, wo noch ein gewisses religiöses, spirituelles Leben die Seelen durchzog, waren es die religiösen Gemeinschaften und besonders die Blutsverwandten, bei denen die Zuflucht nach dem Tode gesucht worden ist. Aber die Kraft der Blutsverwandtschaft hat abgenommen, und ersetzt werden muß diese immer mehr und mehr durch die Pflege des spirituellen Lebens, wie wir es versuchen. So sehen wir, daß uns die Anthroposophie versprechen kann, daß ein neues Band, eine neue Brücke geschaffen werde zwischen den Lebenden und den Toten, daß wir gewissermaßen für die Toten durch die Anthroposophie etwas sein können. Und wenn wir heute schon mit dem hellsichtigen Blick zuweilen Menschen finden in dem Leben zwischen Tod und einer neuen Geburt, die das Unglück erleben, daß diejenigen, die sie gekannt haben, auch die Nächststehenden, nur materialistische Gedanken haben, dann erkennen wir die Notwendigkeit des Durchsetzens der Erdenkultur mit geistigen, spirituellen Gedanken. Wenn man so kennenlernt zum Beispiel einen Menschen, der vor einiger Zeit gestorben ist, wenn man ihn findet in der geistigen Welt, und man hat ihn gekannt, als er hier auf Erden lebte, und er hat gewisse Glieder seiner Familie zurückgelassen, die man auch kannte, seine Frau, Kinder — im äußern Sinne gute Menschen, die einander wirklich liebten —, und dann findet man jetzt mit dem hellsichtigen Blick den Vater, der dahingestorben ist, dem die Gattin vielleicht wie eine Art Lebenssonne war, wenn er im Leben nach Hause kam von der schweren Arbeit, dann findet man, daß er, weil diese Gattin keine spirituellen Gedanken im Kopf und im Herzen haben kann, nicht in die Seele dieser Gattin hineinschauen kann, und daß er frägt, wenn er dazu in der Lage ist: Ja, wo ist denn meine Gattin? — Er sieht nur zurück in die Zeit, in der er auf Erden mit ihr vereint war. Da wo er sie aber am meisten sucht, weiß er sie nicht zu finden. Das kann auch passieren. Es gibt ja heute schon viele Menschen, welche gewissermaßen glauben, daß der Tote eben in eine Art von Nichts eingegangen sei, die nur mit ganz materialistischem Denken, nicht mit einem fruchtbaren Gedanken an den Toten denken können. Bei diesem Hinschauen auf die Gebiete des Lebens zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt, auf jemanden, von dem man weiß: er ist noch unten auf der Erde, er hat einen lieb gehabt, aber er verbindet damit nicht den Glauben an die Fortdauer der Seele nach dem Tode, da kann allerdings, gerade in dem Augenblicke nach dem Tode, wo man die meiste Aufmerksamkeit darauf richtet — durch dieses Hinschauen-Wollen auf den Lebenden, den man geliebt hat —, aller Blick ersterben. Und man kann nicht finden den noch Lebenden, kann mit ihm in keinen Zusammenhang kommen, von dem man aber weiß, daß er dasein könnte, wenn in der Seele des Lebenden da unten spirituelle Gedanken wären. Das ist ein häufiges, schmerzliches Erlebnis für die Toten. Und so kann es vorkommen — von dem hellsichtigen Blick kann das beobachtet werden, wie mancher dahinstirbt und Hindernisse findet in den besten Absichten durch die Haßgedanken, die ihn verfolgen, und keinen Trost findet in den Liebegedanken derjenigen, die ihn auf Erden geliebt haben, da er sie nicht wahrnehmen kann wegen ihres Materialismus.
Diese Gesetze der geistigen Welt, die man auf diese Weise mit dem hellsichtigen Blick beobachtet, sind tatsächlich unbedingt gültig. Sie sind so unbedingt gültig, wie ein Fall lehrt, der öfters zu beobachten gelungen ist. Es war lehrreich, zu beobachten, wie Haßgedanken oder wenigstens Antipathiegedanken wirken, selbst da, wo sie nicht mit vollem Bewußtsein gehegt werden! Schullehrer kann man beobachten, die gewöhnlich streng genannt werden, die sich nicht die Liebe ihrer noch jungen Schüler zuziehen konnten — da sind es gleichsam unschuldige Antipathie- und Haßgedanken. Wenn ein solcher Lehrer stirbt, so sieht man, wie er auch in diesen Gedanken, die ja bleiben, Hindernisse hat für seine guten Absichten in der geistigen Welt. Das Kind, der junge Mensch, gibt sich oftmals nicht die Rechenschaft, wenn der Lehrer gestorben ist, daß er nicht mehr hassen soll, sondern er behält das auf naturgemäße Weise bei in dem bleibenden Gefühl, wie der Lehrer ihn gequält hat. Durch solche Einblicke erfährt man viel über die Wechselbeziehung zwischen Lebenden und Toten.
Und nichts anderes versuchte ich eigentlich auseinanderzusetzen, um etwas erwähnen zu dürfen vor Ihnen, was wirklich wie ein gutes Ergebnis geisteswissenschaftlichen Strebens sich entwickeln kann. Ich meine das sogenannte Vorlesen den Toten. Man kann nämlich in der Tat, wie es sich gezeigt hat gerade innerhalb unserer anthroposophischen Bewegung, außerordentliche Dienste leisten den vor uns hingestorbenen Menschenseelen, wenn wir ihnen von spirituellen Dingen vorlesen. Das kann so gemacht werden, daß man die Gedanken an den Verstorbenen richtet und, um eine Erleichterung zu haben, versucht, ihn zu denken, wie man sich seiner erinnert: vor einem stehend oder sitzend. Man kann das mit mehreren zugleich machen. Man liest dann nicht laut vor, sondern verfolgt mit Aufmerksamkeit die Gedanken, immer mit dem Gedanken an den Toten: der Tote steht vor mir. Das ist Vorlesen den Toten. Man braucht kein Buch zu haben, aber man darf nicht in abstrakter Weise denken, sondern muß tatsächlich jeden Gedanken durchdenken: so liest man vor den Toten. Man kann es sogar so weit bringen, obzwar das schwieriger ist, daß, wenn man innerhalb einer gemeinsamen Weltanschauung, oder über irgendein Gebiet des Lebens überhaupt, einen gemeinsamen Gedanken mit dem Toten gehabt hat und eine persönliche Beziehung zu ihm hatte, man auch einem Fernerstehenden vorlesen kann. Das geschieht so, daß er durch den warmen Gedanken, den man an ihn richtet, nach und nach auf einen aufmerksam wird. So kann es sogar nützlich werden, wenn man Fernerstehenden nach ihrem Tode vorliest. Dieses Vorlesen kann zu jeder Zeit geschehen. Ich bin schon gefragt worden, zu welcher Stunde man das am besten tut. Das ist ganz unabhängig von der Stunde. Man muß nur die Gedanken wirklich durchdenken. Oberfläche genügt nicht. Wort für Wort muß man die Sachen durchgehen, wie wenn man es innerlich aufsagen würde. Dann lesen die Toten mit. Und es ist auch nicht richtig, wenn man glaubt, daß solches Vorlesen nur denjenigen nützlich sein kann, welche der Geisteswissenschaft im Leben nahegetreten sind. Das braucht durchaus nicht der Fall zu sein.
Einer unserer Freunde wurde vor einiger Zeit, vielleicht nicht einmal vor einem Jahre, zugleich mit seiner Frau, jede Nacht beunruhigt. Sie fühlten eine Beunruhigung. Und da vor kurzer Zeit der Vater des Betreffenden gestorben war, so hatte unser Freund sogleich die Meinung, daß der Vater etwas wolle, sich als Seele bei ihm melde. Und als unser Freund mit mir zu Rate gegangen war, da stellte es sich heraus, daß der Vater, der im Leben von Geisteswissenschaft nichts wissen wollte, nach dem Tode das lebendigste Bedürfnis hatte, von Geisteswissenschaft etwas zu erfahren. Und als dann der Sohn mit seiner Frau zusammen den Zyklus über das Johannes-Evangelium, den ich einmal in Kassel gehalten habe, dem Vater vorlas, war diese Seele in hohem Grade befriedigt, fühlte sich über manche Disharmonien, die sie vorher kurz nach dem Tode empfunden hatte, herausgehoben. Das ist in diesem Falle deshalb bemerkenswert, weil die betreffende Seele diejenige eines Predigers war, der seinen religiösen Standpunkt immer und immer vor den Menschen vertreten hat, nach dem Tode aber nur befriedigt sein konnte durch das Mitlesenkönnen einer geisteswissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung über das Johannes-Evangelium. So sehen wir, daß durchaus nicht notwendigerweise derjenige, dem wir helfen wollen, dem wir dienen wollen nach dem Tode, im Leben Anthroposoph gewesen zu sein braucht, obwohl wir natürlich diesem ganz besonders dienen werden, wenn wir ihm vorlesen.
Aber wir lernen auch, wenn wir eine solche Tatsache betrachten, über die Seele des Menschen überhaupt etwas anders denken, als man das gewöhnlich tut. Die Menschenseelen sind nämlich viel komplizierter, als man gewöhnlich denkt. Was sich bewußt abspielt, das ist wirklich eigentlich nur ein kleiner Teil des menschlichen Seelenlebens. Vieles spielt sich ab in den unterbewußten Tiefen der Seele, von dem der Mensch höchstens etwas ahnt, aber in dem hellen Tagesbewußtsein kaum etwas weiß. Und das Entgegengesetzte kann sich oftmals abspielen im unterbewußten Leben, das Entgegengesetzte von dem, was der Mensch glaubt oder denkt im Oberbewußtsein. Ein sehr häufiger Fall ist der, daß ein Mitglied einer Familie zur Geisteswissenschaft herankommt. Ein Bruder oder ein Mann oder eine Frau, mit dem die Betreffenden verbunden sind, die werden immer antipathischer und antipathischer gesinnt gegen die Geisteswissenschaft, oftmals zornig und immer zorniger, wütig und immer wütiger, weil der Gatte oder der Bruder oder die Gattin zur Geisteswissenschaft gekommen sind. Es entwickelt sich dann oft viel Antipathie gegen die Geisteswissenschaft in einer solchen Familie, so daß es manche Menschen aus diesem Grunde schwierig haben, weil gute Freunde oder Verwandte oftmals sehr zornig und wütig werden. Wenn man solche Seelen untersucht, so hat man oftmals die Erkenntnis, daß in den unterbewußten Tiefen einer solchen Seele die tiefste Sehnsucht nach der Geisteswissenschaft sich entwickelt. Manchmal ist solch eine Seele sehnsüchtiger nach der Geisteswissenschaft als derjenige, der mit seinem Oberbewußtsein ein eifriger Besucher der geisteswissenschaftlichen Versammlungen ist. Aber der Tod hebt ja die Decke von dem Unterbewußtsein weg, der Tod gleicht solche Dinge in merkwürdiger Weise aus. Im Leben kommt es häufig vor, daß sich jemand betäubt gegen dasjenige, was im Unterbewußtsein ist, und die Menschen sind wirklich da, die eigentlich Sehnsucht, tiefste Sehnsucht hätten nach der Geisteswissenschaft, aber sie betäuben sich. Indem sie gegen die Geisteswissenschaft toben, betäuben sie ihre Sehnsucht und täuschen sich über sie hinweg. Da tritt aber nach dem Tode die Sehnsucht um so gewaltiger hervor. Und gerade oftmals bei solchen, die im Leben gegen die Geisteswissenschaft gewütet haben, stellt sich nach dem Tode die heftigste Sehnsucht nach ihr ein. Daher versäumen Sie es nicht, gerade gegenüber solchen Toten, die im Leben die Geisteswissenschaft bekämpft haben, das Vorlesen vorzunehmen! Sie werden ihnen damit vielleicht dann oftmals gerade den allergrößten Dienst tun.
Eine Frage, die im Zusammenhang mit alledem sehr häufig sich ergibt, ist diese: Ja, wie kann man wissen, ob der Tote wirklich zuhören kann? Nun, ohne den hellsichtigen Blick ist es schwierig, das zu wissen, obwohl man sich allmählich, wenn man sich mit dem Andenken an die Toten beschäftigt, von einem Gefühl wird überrascht finden: der Tote hört zu. Man wird dieses Gefühl nur dann nicht haben, wenn man unaufmerksam ist und auf jene eigentümliche Wärme nicht achtet, die sich oft beim Vorlesen verbreitet. Man kann sich wirklich ein solches Gefühl aneignen. Kann man das aber nicht tun, meine lieben Freunde, so muß gesagt werden, daß in dem Verhalten zur geistigen Welt ja auch in diesem Falle eine Regel zur Anwendung kommen muß, die oftmals berücksichtigt werden muß. Das ist die Regel: Ja, wenn wir vorlesen dem Toten, so nützen wir ihm unter allen Umständen, wenn er uns hört! Hört er uns nicht, so erfüllen wir erstens unsere Pflicht, bringen es vielleicht dazu, daß er uns doch hört, sonst aber gewinnen wir wenigstens etwas, erfüllen uns mit Gedanken und Ideen, die ja ganz gewiß Nahrung sein werden für die Toten in der zuerst angedeuteten Weise. Also verloren ist unter allen Umständen nichts. Aber die Praxis hat gezeigt, daß tatsächlich dieses Vernehmen dessen, was vorgelesen wird, von seiten der Toten etwas außerordentlich Verbreitetes ist, daß ein ungeheurer Dienst geleistet werden kann denjenigen, denen wir in dieser Weise das, was heute an geistiger Weisheit herangezogen werden kann, vorlesen.
So dürfen wir hoffen, daß die Scheidewand zwischen Lebenden und Toten immer geringer und geringer wird, indem sich die Geisteswissenschaft über die Welt hin verbreitet. Und wahrhaftig, es wird ein schöner, ein herrlicher Erfolg der Geisteswissenschaft sein, so paradox das klingen mag, wenn in der Zukunft die Menschen wissen werden — aber praktisch wissen werden, nicht nur theoretisch: es ist eigentlich nur eine Verwandlung des Erlebens, wenn man durch den sogenannten Tod gegangen ist, und man ist beisammen auch mit den Toten; man kann sie sogar teilnehmen lassen an demjenigen, woran man selber teilnimmt im physischen Leben. Man macht sich eine falsche Vorstellung von dem Leben zwischen Tod und einer neuen Geburt, wenn man etwa die Frage stellen würde: Ja, wozu braucht man den Toten vorzulesen? Wissen sie das denn nicht aus eigener Anschauung, was der Mensch hier auf der Erde vorlesen kann, wissen sie das nicht viel besser? Dieses frägt allerdings nur derjenige, der da nicht in der Lage ist zu beurteilen, was man eben in der geistigen Welt erfahren kann. Sehen Sie, man kann ja auch in der physischen Welt sein, ohne das Wissen der physischen Welt zu erfahren. Wenn man nicht in der Lage ist, dies oder jenes zu beurteilen, so erfährt man eben das Wissen von der physischen Welt nicht. Die Tiere leben ja mit uns auch zusammen in der physischen Welt und wissen doch nicht das von ihr, was wir Menschen wissen. Daß ein Toter in der geistigen Welt lebt, das macht noch nicht, daß er auch von dieser geistigen Welt etwas weiß, obzwar er sie anschauen kann. Dasjenige, was in der Geisteswissenschaft erworben wird, das wird nur auf der Erde als Wissen erworben, es kann nur auf der Erde erworben werden, es kann nicht in der geistigen Welt erworben werden. Es muß daher, wenn es eben von Wesen in der geistigen Welt gewußt werden soll, durch diejenigen Wesen erfahren werden, die es selbst auf der Erde erfahren. Das ist ein bedeutsames Geheimnis der geistigen Welten, daß man in diesen sein kann, sie anschauen kann, daß aber dasjenige, was als Wissen über die geistigen Welten notwendig ist, auf der Erde erworben werden muß.
Ja, meine lieben Freunde, etwas muß ich Ihnen da sagen in bezug auf die geistigen Welten, was in mancher Beziehung weiterklingen wird und ausgeführt werden wird in unserer morgigen Betrachtung, von dem man sich gewöhnlich nicht eine rechte Vorstellung macht. Wenn der Mensch in der Zeit zwischen Tod und einer neuen Geburt in der geistigen Welt lebt, so richtet er auf unsere physische Welt sein Sehnen ungefähr so hin, wie hier in einer gewissen Weise der physische Mensch sein Sehnen richtet nach der geistigen Welt. Und was der Mensch zwischen Tod und einer neuen Geburt von den Menschen auf der Erde erwarten muß, das ist, daß diese Menschen ihm von der Erde aus zeigen und auferglänzen lassen dasjenige, was nur auf der Erde erworben werden kann. Die Erde ist wahrhaftig im spirituellen Weltendasein nicht umsonst gegründet worden. Sie ist in das Leben gerufen worden, damit dasjenige entstehen kann, was nur auf der Erde möglich ist. Wissen von der geistigen Welt, das über das Anschauen, das Anstarren der geistigen Welten hinausgeht, ist nur auf der Erde möglich. Und wenn ich früher gesagt habe, daß die geistigen Wesenheiten der geistigen Welten unsere Bücher nicht lesen können, so muß ich jetzt sagen: Dasjenige, was in uns als Geisterkenntnis lebt, das ist für die geistigen Wesenheiten und auch für unsere eigenen Seelen nach dem Tode, was für den physischen Menschen die Bücher hier auf unserer Erde sind, was für den physischen Menschen dasjenige ist, wodurch er etwas über die Welt erfährt. Nur sind diese Bücher, die wir selber sind für die Toten, eben lebendig. Fühlen Sie dieses gewichtige Wort, daß wir den Toten gewissermaßen die Lektüre geben müssen! Unsere Bücher sind ja in einer Beziehung geduldiger, unsere Bücher bringen es nicht zustande, daß sie zum Beispiel ihre Buchstaben verschlucken in das Papier hinein, während wir sie lesen. Wir Menschen entziehen den Toten dadurch oftmals die Lektüre, daß wir uns nur mit dem, was wirklich unsichtbar ist in den geistigen Welten, daß wir uns nur mit materiellen Gedanken anfüllen. Das muß ich sagen, weil die Frage oftmals auftaucht, ob denn die Toten nicht selber wissen könnten, was wir ihnen geben können. Das können sie nicht, weil Geisteswissenschaft nur auf der Erde gegründet werden kann und von dort aus hinaufgetragen werden muß in die geistigen Welten.
Und wenn wir nun die geistigen Welten selber betreten und ein wenig dieses Leben in den geistigen Welten erfahren, dann treten uns da ganz andere Verhältnisse entgegen als hier im physischen Leben der Erde. Deshalb ist es auch so außerordentlich schwierig, in Menschenworten und Menschengedanken hereinzuholen diese Verhältnisse der geistigen Welten. Und es klingt manchmal so paradox, wenn man versucht, sich konkret auszusprechen über die Verhältnisse in den geistigen Welten. Sehen Sie, da wüßte ich Ihnen von einem Wesen zu erzählen, um nur eines herauszugreifen, von einer gestorbenen Menschenseele, mit der zusammen es mir gelungen ist, einiges zu erforschen in der geistigen Welt, weil sie besondere Kunde von ihm hatte, über den Maler Lionardo da Vinci, namentlich über dasjenige, wie das berühmte Bild in Mailand ausgesehen hat. Wenn man mit einer solchen Seele gemeinschaftlich eine geistige Tatsache durchsucht, da kann einen eine solche Seele auf manches hinweisen, was man sonst vielleicht durch den bloßen hellsichtigen Blick nicht finden würde in der Akasha-Chronik. Die Menschenseele aber, die in der geistigen Welt ist, kann darauf hinweisen. Sie wird einen aber nur dann hinweisen können, wenn man Verständnis hat für dasjenige, worauf sie einen hinweisen will. Da stellt sich etwas Eigentümliches heraus. Nehmen wir an, man erforscht mit einer solchen Seele die Art, wie geschaffen hat Lionardo da Vinci sein berühmtes Abendmahl in Mailand. Von dem, was heute dieses Bild ist, bekommt man kaum viel mehr zu sehen als einige Farbenflecken. Aber man kann den malenden Lionardo in der Akasha-Chronik beobachten, kann beobachten, wie dieses Bild war, obwohl das nicht leicht ist. Wenn man es so macht, daß man mit einer Seele, die nicht verkörpert ist, aber einen Zusammenhang hat mit Lionardo da Vinci und seiner Malerei, forscht, so sieht man, daß diese Seele einem dies oder jenes zeigt. Sie konnte zum Beispiel verständlich machen, wie eigentlich das Christusgesicht und das Judasgesicht waren auf diesem Bilde. Aber man merkt, die Seele könnte einem das nicht zeigen, wenn nicht in dem Augenblicke, wo sie es zeigt, Verständnis einziehen würde in die Seele des lebenden Forschers. Dieses Verständnis braucht die Seele. Und die tote Seele lernt selber erst verstehen, was sie sonst nur anschaut, in dem Augenblick, wo die lebende Menschenseele sich belehren läßt. Daher sagt einem, der Ausdruck ist ja symbolisch, eine solche Seele, nachdem man etwas mit ihr zusammen erfahren hat, was man nur so erfahren kann: Du hast mich hierher gebracht zu dem Bilde — das sagt die Seele zum Lebenden dadurch, daß der Lebende das Bedürfnis hatte, das Bild zu erforschen — und nun fühle ich den Drang, mit dir zusammen das Bild zu erschauen. — So sagt die tote Seele, und dann wird mancherlei durchgemacht. Aber es kommt ein Moment, wo die tote Seele entweder plötzlich nicht mehr da ist oder sagt, jetzt müsse sie fort. In diesem Falle, den ich eben erzähle, sagte die tote Seele zum Beispiel: Während Lionardo da Vincis Seele bis jetzt wohlgefällig hierher gesehen hat, will sie jetzt nicht mehr, daß weitergeforscht werde.
Ich will damit etwas sehr Wichtiges aus dem geistigen Leben schildern. Wie man nämlich im physischen Leben immer weiß, was man ansieht, wie man immer weiß: man sieht das oder jenes, man sieht die Rose, man sieht den Tisch — so weiß man im geistigen Leben immer: dies oder jenes Wesen sieht einen an. Man geht durch die geistigen Welten und hat immer das Gefühl: jetzt schauen dich diese Wesen an. Während man in der physischen Welt das Bewußtsein hat, man geht durch die Welt wahrnehmend, hat man in der geistigen Welt das Erlebnis: du wirst jetzt von diesem, dann von jenem gesehen. Man fühlt sich fortwährend Blicken ausgesetzt, die einen zugleich aber zum Entschluß bringen, irgend etwas zu tun. Indem man weiß: man wird jetzt wohlgefällig angesehen oder nicht, damit man etwas tun solle oder nicht, so tut man es oder tut es nicht. Wie man nach einer Blume greift, die einem gefällt, weil man sie gesehen hat, so tut man in der geistigen Welt etwas, weil es irgendein Wesen gerne sieht, wohlgefällig sieht, oder man unterläßt es, weil man nicht aushalten kann den Blick, der hingewendet wird auf diese Tat. Das ist etwas, was man sich durchaus aneignen muß. Man hat dort das Gefühl, daß man selber gesehen wird, wie man hier das Gefühl hat, daß man sieht. Es ist in einer gewissen Weise dort passiv, was hier aktiv ist, wie dort wiederum aktiv ist, was hier passiv ist. — Daraus sehen Sie, daß man sich gewissermaßen ganz andere Begriffe aneignen muß, wenn man in der richtigen Weise Schilderungen aus der geistigen Welt auffassen will. Und Sie werden daher begreifen, wie schwierig es ist, in gewöhnliche Menschenworte zu prägen dasjenige, was man so gerne als Schilderungen der geistigen Welten geben möchte. So werden Sie begreifen, wie notwendig es ist, daß für viele Dinge erst das nötige vorbereitende Verständnis geschaffen werde.
Ich möchte nur noch auf eines aufmerksam machen. Es könnte die Frage entstehen: Ja, warum schildert die geisteswissenschaftliche Literatur so im allgemeinen das, was so unmittelbar nach dem Tode in der geistigen Welt geschieht, was im Kamaloka, was im Geisterlande geschieht, und warum wird so wenig von einzelnen hellsichtigen Einblicken geschildert? Denn es könnte ja jemand leicht glauben, daß man einen einzelnen, bestimmten Toten nach dem Tode leichter beobachten könnte als dasjenige, was im allgemeinen geschildert wird. So ist es nicht. Und um anzudeuten, wie es ist, möchte ich einen Vergleich gebrauchen. Es ist dem richtig entwickelten Hellsehen leichter, die großen Verhältnisse zu überschauen — wie den Durchgang der Menschenseele durch den Tod, wie sie durch Kamaloka in das Devachan hinaufkommt -—, als irgendein einzelnes Erlebnis einer einzelnen Seele zu überschauen. Geradeso, wie es leichter ist, in der physischen Welt dasjenige zu erkennen, was etwa sozusagen unter dem Einflusse der großen Himmelsbewegungen steht, und schwieriger dasjenige, was in einer gewissen Weise unregelmäßig zu den großen Himmelsbewegungen steht. Nun wird jeder von Ihnen für den morgigen Tag leicht voraussagen können, daß die Sonne morgens aufgehen wird und abends wieder untergehen wird. Das wird jeder ungefähr wissen. Was morgen aber für Wetter sein wird, das wird schon weniger genau gewußt werden. So ist es mit dem Hellsehen auch. Die Verhältnisse, die wir gewöhnlich in den Schilderungen über die geistigen Welten geben, sind zu vergleichen mit dem Wissen über den allgemeinen Gang der Himmelskörper; die weiß man zuerst im hellseherischen Bewußtsein. Und man kann immer rechnen darauf, daß die Ereignisse sich im allgemeinen so vollziehen. Die einzelnen Ereignisse aber in dem Leben zwischen Tod und einer neuen Geburt sind wie die Wetterverhältnisse hier auf der Erde, die selbstverständlich auch gesetzmäßig sind, aber eben schwieriger zu erkennen auch auf der Erde selber; denn man kann ja nicht von jedem Orte wissen, was für ein Wetter an einem anderen Orte ist. So ist es eben nun einmal. Es ist schwierig, hier zu wissen, wie das Wetter in Berlin ist, nicht aber, wie dort die Sonne oder der Mond stehen. Es gehört eine besondere Ausbildung der hellsichtigen Gabe dazu, da es schwieriger ist, das einzelne Leben nach dem Tode zu verfolgen als den allgemeinen Gang der Menschenseele. Und auf dem richtigen Wege erwirbt man sich das Wissen von den allgemeinen Verhältnissen zuerst, und zuallerletzt erwirbt man sich, wenn es durch Schulung errungen wird, dasjenige, was ja am leichtesten scheint. Man kann lange schon sehr richtig sehen in bezug auf Kamaloka und Devachan und es doch außerordentlich schwierig haben, zu sehen, wieviel es auf der eigenen Uhr ist, die man in der Tasche hat. Die Dinge in der physischen Welt sind für die hellseherische Schulung die allerschwierigsten. Gerade das Umgekehrte ist im Erkennenlernen der höheren Welten der Fall. Irrtümern gibt man sich auf diesem Gebiete aus dem Grunde hin, weil ja auch noch ein natürliches Hellsehen vorhanden ist, und dieses zwar unsicher ist, mannigfachen Irrtümern unterworfen ist, aber es kann lange vorhanden sein, ohne daß man den hellsichtigen Blick für die allgemeinen Verhältnisse hat, die in der Geisteswissenschaft geschildert werden, die dem geschulten Hellseher leichter sind.
Das sind die Dinge, die ich Ihnen heute in bezug auf die geistigen Welten schildern wollte. Morgen wollen wir diese Betrachtungen fortsetzen und etwas vertiefen.
The Lively Interaction Between the Living and the Dead
I warmly return the kind greetings just expressed by your representative. And I am convinced that those friends who have come here with me to this city to cultivate anthroposophical life with our friends in Bergen wholeheartedly join in this welcome. The journey here through the mountains, which seem so friendly and magnificent to us, has undoubtedly been beautiful, and I believe that our friends will feel at home in this old Hanseatic city during the days they are here. Not only did the marvel of human engineering that is the railroad on which we traveled give us an intimate impression, especially in this region, that one rarely experiences in other parts of Europe, but we were also confronted with the energetic creative power of humanity in its original natural state: when you see how stones that had to be broken to achieve what the human spirit has achieved today lie right next to others that nature has piled up, you get impressions that can truly make a visit to such a country one of the most wonderful things you can do today. In this ancient city, our friends will enjoy the days we are allowed to spend here and will remember them especially because of the sublime backdrop to our stay. They will be days to remember. But they will be memorable above all because we have been able to see with our own eyes that here too, in this region, we can find anthroposophical hearts that beat with ours in the pursuit of the spiritual treasures of humanity. Visitors to this city will certainly feel even closer, even dearer, even more precious to those who have welcomed us so warmly here.
Since this is, in a sense, our first time together here, what I would like to discuss will be of an aphoristic nature. I would like to discuss some things from the spiritual world that are easier and better said orally than can be recorded in writing. It is easier to say orally, not only because it is still difficult in many respects, given the prejudices of the world today, to entrust to writing everything that one would gladly entrust to anthroposophically devoted hearts, but also because spiritual truths are really better expressed orally than entrusted to writing and printing. This must apply especially to the more intimate spiritual truths. One always has a somewhat bitter feeling, even though in our time it is necessary that these things be written down and printed; it is always unfortunate to write down and have printed the more intimate spiritual truths that relate to the higher spiritual worlds themselves. This is awkward for the simple reason that writing and printing belong to the realm of things which the beings of which we speak, the spiritual beings, cannot read. Books cannot be read in the spiritual world. Books can still be read by us for a short time after our death from memory, but the beings of the higher hierarchies cannot read our books. And if you ask whether they do not want to acquire this art of reading, I must confess, according to my experience, that they show no desire to do so for the time being, because they do not find it necessary or useful for themselves to read what has been produced on earth. The reading of spiritual beings only begins when people on earth read the books, that is, when what is written in the books becomes living thought in people, then the spirits read in people's thoughts. But what is written or printed is like darkness to the beings of the spiritual world, so that one has the feeling, in relation to these spiritual beings, that when one confides something to writing or to print, one is communicating behind the backs of the spiritual beings. This is a real feeling that a cultured person of the present day may not entirely share; but every true occultist will have this feeling of aversion to writing and printing.
When we penetrate the spiritual worlds with clairvoyant vision, it seems to us particularly important, especially in the present, that, starting from the present and continuing into the near future, knowledge of the spiritual world should spread more and more, because much will depend on this dissemination of spiritual science in relation to an increasingly necessary change in human soul life. You see, when we go back in time with our spiritual gaze, when we go back only a few centuries, we find something with our spiritual gaze that can be quite surprising to the uninitiated. Namely, we find that communication between the living and the dead is becoming increasingly difficult, that even in relatively recent times the living interaction between the living and the dead was much more active. When Christians in the Middle Ages, or even in centuries not so long past, directed their prayers to the memory of their relatives or acquaintances who had died, the feelings and emotions of such a person praying were much more powerful than they are today in reaching the souls of the deceased. In the past, the soul of the deceased felt much more easily permeated by the warm breath of love from those who looked up to it or thought of it in prayer than is the case today, when we devote ourselves only to external temporal activities. And again, today the dead are much more cut off from the living than was the case even a relatively short time ago. Today, the dead have a much more difficult time, so to speak, of perceiving what is alive in the souls of those left behind. This lies in the evolution of humanity. But it must also lie in the evolution of humanity to find this connection, this living communication between the living and the dead, once again. In earlier times, a living connection with the dead was still natural to the human soul, even if it was no longer fully conscious, because humans have not been clairvoyant for a long time. In even earlier times, the living could still look up clairvoyantly to the dead and follow the life of the dead. Just as it was natural for the soul in earlier times to have a living interaction with the dead, so today the soul can, by acquiring thoughts and ideas about the higher, spiritual worlds, find the strength again to establish communication with the dead, to establish a living interaction. And among the practical tasks of anthroposophical life will be to build more and more bridges between the living and the dead through spiritual science.
So that we understand each other correctly, I would first like to draw attention to a few things in the interaction between the living and the dead. I would like to start with a very simple phenomenon and follow it up with spiritual research. Souls that sometimes consult with themselves a little will be able to observe the following — I believe that many souls have observed this in themselves: Let us suppose that someone hated another person in life, or perhaps only had to tell themselves that they found this other person unpleasant. When this person who was hated or toward whom someone felt antipathy dies — I believe that many souls know this from their own experience — then the person who hated or felt antipathy during their lifetime, upon learning of their death, feels that they can no longer hate this personality in the same way or maintain their antipathy. And if the hatred continues beyond the grave, then more sensitive souls feel shame about such hatred, about such antipathy that lasts beyond the grave. This feeling, which is found in many souls, can now be clearly observed. During research, one may ask oneself: Why does this feeling of shame arise in the soul toward hatred or antipathy, why does it arise when one has never even hinted to a second person in one's life that one has this hatred?
When the clairvoyant follows the person who has passed through the gate of death into the spiritual worlds and takes a look at the soul that has remained here on earth, it turns out that, in general, the deceased soul has a very clear perception, a very clear feeling of the hatred in the living soul; as if, if I may use an image: the dead person sees the hatred. The clairvoyant can state quite precisely that the dead person sees such hatred. But we can also trace what such hatred means for the dead. For the dead, such hatred is an obstacle to the good intentions in their spiritual development, an obstacle that can be compared to obstacles we may encounter in achieving an external goal on earth. This is the fact in the spiritual world that the deceased finds hatred as an obstacle to his good and best intentions. And now we understand why, in a soul that consults with itself a little, even hatred that was justified in life dies away: because it feels shame when the hated person has died. If a person is not clairvoyant, he does not know what is going on, but it is planted in his soul as if by a natural feeling that he is being watched; he feels that the dead person sees his hatred, and that this hatred is even an obstacle to his good intentions. There are many deep feelings in the human soul that can be explained when one ascends into the spiritual worlds and contemplates the spiritual facts that underlie these feelings. Just as one does not want to be observed outwardly and physically in certain situations on earth, or does not do certain things when one knows one is being observed, so one does not hate beyond death when one has the feeling that one is being observed by the dead. But the love or even just the sympathy we feel for the dead is actually a relief for them on their way, removing obstacles for them. What I am saying now, that hatred creates obstacles in the beyond and love removes them, is not a breaking of karma, just as many things happen here on earth that we cannot immediately attribute to karma. If we stub our toe on a stone, we do not always have to take that into account in karma, at least not in moral karma. Likewise, it does not contradict karma if the dead feel relieved by the love that flows to them from the earth, and if they encounter obstacles to their good intentions.
Something else that one might say speaks more forcefully to souls in relation to communication between the dead and the living is that dead souls also need nourishment in a certain sense, though not nourishment as humans need it on Earth, but spiritual-soul nourishment. Just as it is a fact that we humans on earth—if I may use this comparison—must have our seed fields on which the fruits that sustain us physically on earth can grow, so the souls of the dead must have seed fields on which they can harvest certain fruits that they need in the time between death and a new birth. When the clairvoyant gaze follows the souls of the dead, it sees how the sleeping human souls are the seedbed for the dead, for those who have passed away. It is certainly not only surprising, but even highly shocking for those who see this for the first time in the spiritual world, to see how the human souls that live between death and a new birth rush, as it were, to the sleeping human souls and search for the thoughts and ideas that are in the sleeping human souls: for they feed on these, and they need this nourishment. For when we fall asleep in the evening, we can already say that the ideas and thoughts that passed through our consciousness while we were awake begin to live, becoming, as it were, living beings. And the dead souls come and take part in these ideas. At the sight of these ideas, they feel nourished. Oh, it is something shocking when one directs one's clairvoyant gaze upon people who have died and who come every night to those who remain asleep — we must consider here both friends and especially blood relatives — and want, as it were, to refresh themselves, to nourish themselves on the thoughts and ideas that the latter have taken with them into sleep — and find nothing that is nourishing for them. For there is a great difference between ideas and ideas in relation to our state of sleep. If we spend the whole day preoccupied with the material ideas of life, if we fix our gaze only on what is happening in the physical world and what can be accomplished there, and if we do not even think about the spiritual worlds before falling asleep, but on the contrary, in many ways transport ourselves into the spiritual worlds by means other than thoughts, then we offer no nourishment for the dead. I know regions in Europe where young people at universities are educated in such a way that they put themselves to sleep by drinking the necessary amount of beer to make themselves sleepy. This is a transfer of ideas that cannot live over there. And when the dead souls then approach, they find an empty field, and these dead souls experience what we experience for our physical bodies when famine breaks out in our fields due to infertility. Especially in our time, much spiritual famine can be observed in the spiritual worlds, because materialistic feelings and perceptions have already become widespread. And there are already numerous people today who consider it childish to concern themselves with thoughts about the spiritual world. In doing so, they deprive people who are supposed to receive nourishment from them after death of this nourishment, this soul nourishment.
In order to understand this fact correctly, it must be mentioned that after death one can only feed on the ideas and thoughts of those souls with whom one was somehow connected in life. One cannot feed after death on those with whom one had no connection whatsoever. If, in our time, we spread spiritual science in order to have spiritual life in our souls again, from which the dead can feed, then we are not working merely for the living, not merely for the theoretical satisfaction of the living, but we are trying to fill our hearts and souls with thoughts of the spiritual world, because we know that the dead, who were connected with us on earth, must feed on these ideas and these feelings for spiritual life after death. Today we feel that we are not only workers for the so-called living human beings, but at the same time workers in such a way that spiritual scientific work, the spread of anthroposophical life, also serves the spiritual worlds. By speaking to the living for their daily life, we create, through spiritual soul satisfaction for their night life, ideas that are fruitful nourishment for souls that die earlier than we do according to our karma. And that is why there is an urge not only to spread spiritual science or anthroposophy in the usual way of external communication, but also, one might say, secretly at the bottom of our longing, to spread this spiritual science or anthroposophy in societies, in branches, because it is valuable for those who pursue spiritual science to be together personally, physically, in community. For I have said that as a dead person one can only draw nourishment from the souls with whom one was together in life. We seek to bring souls together in order to make the seedbed for the dead ever larger and larger. Many a person who, when they die today, finds no seedbed because their family consists only of materialists, finds it among the souls of anthroposophists because they have been brought into contact with spiritual science. This is the deeper reason why we work socially, why we are concerned that those who die may, before they die, get to know people who are still engaged with spiritual things on earth; for they can draw nourishment from this when these people are asleep.
In ancient times, when a certain religious, spiritual life still permeated the souls, it was the religious communities and especially blood relatives who were sought as a refuge after death. But the power of blood ties has diminished and must be replaced more and more by the cultivation of spiritual life, as we are trying to do. Thus we see that anthroposophy can promise us that a new bond, a new bridge will be created between the living and the dead, that we can, in a sense, be something for the dead through anthroposophy. And when we already find today, with clairvoyant vision, people in the life between death and a new birth who experience the misfortune that those who knew them, even their closest relatives, have only materialistic thoughts, then we recognize the necessity of permeating the earthly culture with spiritual thoughts. If, for example, you get to know a person who died some time ago, if you find him in the spiritual world, and you knew him when he was here on earth, and he left behind certain members of his family whom you also knew, his wife, children — in the outer sense good people who really loved each other — and then you find with clairvoyant vision the father who has died, for whom his wife was perhaps like a kind of sun in his life when he came home from his hard work, then you find that because this wife cannot have spiritual thoughts in her head and in her heart, he cannot look into the soul of this wife, and that he asks, if he is able to do so: Yes, where is my wife? — He only looks back to the time when he was united with her on earth. But where he seeks her most, he does not know where to find her. This can also happen. There are already many people today who believe, in a sense, that the dead have simply entered a kind of nothingness, who can only think in a completely materialistic way and cannot entertain fruitful thoughts about the dead. When looking at the realm of life between death and a new birth, at someone about whom one knows: he is still down on earth, he loved someone, but you do not associate this with a belief in the continuation of the soul after death, then it is possible, especially in the moment after death, when you focus most of your attention on this—through this desire to look at the loved one who has died—that all sight fades away. And one cannot find the one who is still alive, cannot connect with them, even though one knows that they could be there if there were spiritual thoughts in the soul of the living down below. This is a frequent and painful experience for the dead. And so it can happen — the clairvoyant gaze can observe how some people die and encounter obstacles to their best intentions due to the hateful thoughts that pursue them, and find no comfort in the loving thoughts of those who loved them on earth, because they cannot perceive them due to their materialism.
These laws of the spiritual world, which can be observed in this way with clairvoyant vision, are indeed absolutely valid. They are as absolutely valid as a case that has been observed frequently teaches us. It was instructive to observe how thoughts of hatred, or at least thoughts of antipathy, work even where they are not held with full consciousness! School teachers who are usually considered strict and who have been unable to win the love of their young pupils can be observed—there are, as it were, innocent thoughts of antipathy and hatred. When such a teacher dies, one sees how these thoughts, which remain, are obstacles to his good intentions in the spiritual world. The child, the young person, often does not realize when the teacher has died that he should no longer hate, but instead retains this feeling in a natural way in the lasting impression of how the teacher tormented him. Through such insights, one learns a great deal about the interrelationship between the living and the dead.
And that is all I really wanted to discuss in order to mention something to you that can truly develop into a good result of spiritual scientific endeavour. I am referring to what is known as reading aloud to the dead. For it has been shown, particularly within our anthroposophical movement, that we can render extraordinary services to the souls of those who have died before us by reading spiritual things aloud to them. This can be done by directing one's thoughts to the deceased and, in order to make it easier, trying to think of them as one remembers them: standing or sitting in front of you. This can be done with several people at the same time. One does not read aloud, but follows the thoughts attentively, always with the thought of the deceased in mind: the deceased is standing in front of me. This is reading aloud to the dead. You do not need to have a book, but you must not think in an abstract way; you must actually think through every thought: this is how you read aloud to the dead. You can even go so far, although this is more difficult, that if you shared a common worldview with the deceased, or had a common interest in some area of life, and had a personal relationship with them, you can also read aloud to someone who was distant from them. This happens because they gradually become aware of you through the warm thoughts you direct toward them. So it can even be useful to read aloud to people who are distant from you after their death. This reading aloud can be done at any time. I have already been asked what time of day is best for this. It is completely independent of the hour. One must only really think through the thoughts. Superficiality is not enough. One must go through the things word for word, as if reciting them inwardly. Then the dead read along. And it is also not correct to believe that such reading aloud can only be useful to those who have been close to spiritual science in life. That is by no means the case.
One of our friends, perhaps not even a year ago, was disturbed every night, along with his wife. They felt uneasy. And since the father of the person concerned had died recently, our friend immediately thought that the father wanted something, that he wanted to make himself known to him as a soul. And when our friend consulted me, it turned out that the father, who had wanted nothing to do with spiritual science during his life, had the most vivid desire after death to learn something about spiritual science. And when the son and his wife read to the father the cycle on the Gospel of John that I once gave in Kassel, the soul was highly satisfied and felt lifted out of some of the disharmony it had felt shortly after death. This is remarkable in this case because the soul in question was that of a preacher who had always and everywhere defended his religious standpoint before people, but after death could only find satisfaction in being able to read a spiritual scientific discussion of the Gospel of John. So we see that it is not necessarily the case that those whom we want to help, whom we want to serve after death, need to have been anthroposophists in life, although we will of course serve them particularly well if we read to them.
But when we consider such a fact, we also learn to think about the human soul in a completely different way than we usually do. Human souls are much more complicated than we usually think. What takes place consciously is really only a small part of human soul life. Much takes place in the subconscious depths of the soul, of which the human being has at most a vague inkling, but of which he knows hardly anything in his clear daytime consciousness. And the opposite can often take place in the subconscious life, the opposite of what the human being believes or thinks in his superconsciousness. A very common case is when a member of a family becomes interested in spiritual science. A brother or husband or wife with whom the person concerned is closely connected becomes increasingly hostile toward spiritual science, often angry and increasingly angry, furious and increasingly furious, because their spouse or brother or sister has become interested in spiritual science. A great deal of antipathy toward spiritual science then often develops in such a family, so that some people find it difficult for this reason, because good friends or relatives often become very angry and furious. When one examines such souls, one often finds that in the subconscious depths of such a soul, the deepest longing for spiritual science is developing. Sometimes such a soul longs for spiritual science more than someone who, with their conscious mind, is an avid visitor to spiritual science gatherings. But death lifts the veil from the subconscious; death balances such things in a remarkable way. In life, it often happens that someone numbs themselves against what is in the subconscious, and there are indeed people who actually have a longing, a deepest longing for spiritual science, but they numb themselves. By raging against spiritual science, they numb their longing and deceive themselves about it. But after death, the longing emerges all the more powerfully. And it is often precisely those who raged against spiritual science in life who experience the most intense longing for it after death. Therefore, do not neglect to read aloud to those dead who fought against spiritual science in life! In doing so, you will often be doing them the greatest service of all.
A question that arises very frequently in connection with all this is this: How can one know whether the dead can really hear? Well, without clairvoyance it is difficult to know, although gradually, when one occupies oneself with the memory of the dead, one is surprised by a feeling: the dead are listening. One will not have this feeling unless one is inattentive and does not notice the peculiar warmth that often spreads when reading aloud. You can really acquire this feeling. But if you cannot do so, my dear friends, then it must be said that in our behavior toward the spiritual world, even in this case, a rule must be applied that must often be taken into account. The rule is this: Yes, when we read aloud to the dead, we are helping them under all circumstances, if they can hear us! If they do not hear us, we first fulfill our duty, perhaps causing them to hear us after all, but otherwise we at least gain something, filling ourselves with thoughts and ideas that will certainly be nourishment for the dead in the manner indicated above. So nothing is lost under any circumstances. But practice has shown that hearing what is read aloud is actually extremely common among the dead, and that an enormous service can be rendered to those to whom we read aloud in this way what can be drawn from spiritual wisdom today.
We may therefore hope that the barrier between the living and the dead will become smaller and smaller as spiritual science spreads throughout the world. And truly, it will be a beautiful, a glorious success of spiritual science, paradoxical as it may sound, when in the future people will know — but know practically, not just theoretically: that passing through so-called death is really only a transformation of experience, and that we are still together with the dead; we can even allow them to participate in what we ourselves participate in during physical life. One has a false idea of life between death and a new birth if one were to ask, for example: Why is it necessary to read aloud to the dead? Don't they know from their own experience what human beings can read aloud here on earth? Don't they know that much better? However, only those who are unable to judge what can be experienced in the spiritual world ask such questions. You see, it is possible to be in the physical world without experiencing the knowledge of the physical world. If you are not able to judge this or that, then you do not experience the knowledge of the physical world. Animals also live with us in the physical world, yet they do not know what we humans know about it. The fact that a dead person lives in the spiritual world does not mean that he knows anything about this spiritual world, even though he can see it. What is acquired in spiritual science is acquired only on earth as knowledge; it can only be acquired on earth; it cannot be acquired in the spiritual world. Therefore, if it is to be known by beings in the spiritual world, it must be experienced by those beings who themselves experience it on earth. This is a significant secret of the spiritual worlds, that one can be in them, can see them, but that what is necessary as knowledge about the spiritual worlds must be acquired on earth.
Yes, my dear friends, I must tell you something about the spiritual worlds that will resonate in many ways and will be explained in tomorrow's reflection, something that people usually do not have a correct understanding of. When a human being lives in the spiritual world between death and a new birth, he directs his longing toward our physical world in much the same way as the physical human being here directs his longing toward the spiritual world. And what human beings must expect from people on Earth between death and a new birth is that these people will show them from Earth and let shine forth to them that which can only be acquired on Earth. The Earth was truly not created in vain in the spiritual world. It was brought into being so that what is only possible on Earth could come into being. Knowledge of the spiritual world that goes beyond looking at and staring at the spiritual worlds is only possible on Earth. And if I said earlier that the spiritual beings of the spiritual worlds cannot read our books, I must now say: What lives in us as spiritual knowledge is for the spiritual beings and also for our own souls after death what books here on Earth are for physical human beings, what physical human beings use to learn about the world. Only these books, which are ourselves, are alive for the dead. Feel the weight of these words: we must, in a sense, give the dead something to read! Our books are more patient in one respect: they do not swallow their letters into the paper while we read them. We humans often deprive the dead of reading by filling ourselves only with what is truly invisible in the spiritual worlds, by filling ourselves only with material thoughts. I must say this because the question often arises as to whether the dead themselves might not know what we can give them. They cannot, because spiritual science can only be founded on earth and must be carried up from there into the spiritual worlds.
And when we enter the spiritual worlds ourselves and experience a little of this life in the spiritual worlds, we encounter conditions that are completely different from those here in the physical life on earth. That is why it is so extraordinarily difficult to convey the conditions of the spiritual worlds in human words and thoughts. And it sometimes sounds so paradoxical when one tries to speak concretely about the conditions in the spiritual worlds. You see, I could tell you about one being, to pick just one example, about a deceased human soul with whom I was able to explore a number of things in the spiritual world because she had special knowledge about the painter Leonardo da Vinci, namely about what the famous painting in Milan looked like. When one investigates a spiritual fact together with such a soul, it can point out many things that one would not otherwise find in the Akashic Record through mere clairvoyance. But the human soul that is in the spiritual world can point this out. However, it can only point it out if one has an understanding of what it wants to point out. Something peculiar emerges here. Let us assume that you are researching with such a soul the way in which Leonardo da Vinci created his famous Last Supper in Milan. From what this painting is today, you can hardly see much more than a few patches of color. But you can observe Leonardo painting in the Akashic Records; you can observe what this painting was like, although this is not easy. If you do this by researching with a soul that is not embodied but has a connection to Leonardo da Vinci and his painting, you will see that this soul shows you this or that. For example, it could make it understandable what the faces of Christ and Judas actually looked like in this painting. But you realize that the soul could not show you this unless, at the moment when it shows it, understanding entered into the soul of the living researcher. The soul needs this understanding. And the dead soul itself only learns to understand what it otherwise only looks at in the moment when the living human soul allows itself to be taught. Therefore, after one has experienced something with such a soul that can only be experienced in this way, the soul says, symbolically: You have brought me here to this picture — the soul says this to the living person through the fact that the living person felt the need to study the picture — and now I feel the urge to contemplate the picture together with you. — So says the dead soul, and then all sorts of things are experienced. But there comes a moment when the dead soul is suddenly no longer there or says that it must now leave. In the case I am describing, the dead soul said, for example: While Leonardo da Vinci's soul has looked down here with pleasure until now, it no longer wants further investigation.
I want to describe something very important from spiritual life. Just as in physical life you always know what you are looking at, just as you always know that you see this or that, you see the rose, you see the table — so in spiritual life you always know that this or that being is looking at you. You walk through the spiritual worlds and always have the feeling that these beings are looking at you. While in the physical world you are conscious that you are walking through the world perceiving things, in the spiritual world you have the experience that you are now being seen by this being, then by that being. You feel constantly exposed to gazes that at the same time prompt you to decide to do something. Knowing that you are being looked at favorably or not, that you should do something or not, you do it or you don't. Just as you reach for a flower that you like because you have seen it, so in the spiritual world you do something because some being likes to see it, sees it favorably, or you refrain from doing it because you cannot bear the gaze that is directed at this action. This is something that must be learned. There, one has the feeling that one is being seen, just as here one has the feeling that one is seeing. In a certain sense, what is active here is passive there, and what is passive here is active there. From this you can see that one must acquire completely different concepts if one wants to understand descriptions of the spiritual world in the right way. And you will therefore understand how difficult it is to express in ordinary human words what one would so much like to give as descriptions of the spiritual worlds. You will thus understand how necessary it is that the necessary preparatory understanding be created for many things.
I would just like to draw your attention to one more thing. The question may arise: Why does spiritual scientific literature generally describe what happens immediately after death in the spiritual world, what happens in Kamaloka, what happens in the spirit world, and why is so little described about individual clairvoyant insights? For someone could easily believe that it would be easier to observe a single, specific dead person after death than what is generally described. This is not the case. And to indicate how it is, I would like to use a comparison. It is easier for correctly developed clairvoyance to survey the great relationships—such as the passage of the human soul through death, how it ascends through Kamaloka into Devachan—than to survey any single experience of a single soul. Just as it is easier to recognize in the physical world that which is, so to speak, under the influence of the great movements of the heavens, and more difficult to recognize that which is in a certain way irregular in relation to the great movements of the heavens. Now, each of you can easily predict that tomorrow the sun will rise in the morning and set again in the evening. Everyone knows this approximately. But what the weather will be like tomorrow is less precisely known. So it is with clairvoyance. The conditions we usually give in descriptions of the spiritual worlds are comparable to the knowledge of the general course of the heavenly bodies; this is known first in clairvoyant consciousness. And one can always count on events generally taking place in this way. But the individual events in the life between death and a new birth are like the weather conditions here on earth, which are of course also governed by laws, but are more difficult to recognize even on earth itself; for one cannot know from every place what the weather is like in another place. That is simply the way it is. It is difficult to know here what the weather is like in Berlin, but not how the sun or moon are positioned there. It requires special training of the clairvoyant gift, since it is more difficult to follow the individual life after death than the general course of the human soul. And on the right path, one first acquires knowledge of the general conditions, and last of all, if it is achieved through training, one acquires that which seems easiest. One can see very correctly for a long time with regard to Kamaloka and Devachan and yet find it extremely difficult to see what time it is on one's own watch in one's pocket. Things in the physical world are the most difficult for clairvoyant training. The opposite is true when learning to recognize the higher worlds. Errors are made in this area because natural clairvoyance still exists, and although this is uncertain and subject to many errors, it can exist for a long time without one having the clairvoyant view of the general conditions described in spiritual science, which are easier for the trained clairvoyant.
These are the things I wanted to describe to you today in relation to the spiritual worlds. Tomorrow we will continue these considerations and go into them in greater depth.