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Ancient Wisdom and the Heralding of the Christ Impulse
GA 143

8 May 1912, Cologne

Translated by Dorothy S. Osmond

The meeting today is an occasion that demands an introduction to our studies. It is the day known in the Theosophical Movement1Most readers of the Quarterly will be aware that shortly after this lecture was given, the Charter of the German Section of the Theosophical Society was cancelled by Mrs. Besant and the Anthroposophical Society was then founded as a separate body. The separation had become inevitable after the announcement in the Theosophical Society that the Christ would shortly incarnate in the physical body of a Hindu boy, a protégé of Mrs. Besant and Mr. Leadbeater. Such a development could not be countenanced by the members of the German Section who ever since the beginning of the century had been receiving the teachings of Western esotericism given by Dr. Steiner. In spite of this difference, however, the German Section had been an integral part of the Theosophical Society although always working quite independently and as Dr. Steiner constantly emphasises (e.g. in the lecture-course entitled Occult History, p. 55) in harmony with much that was originally transmitted through that ‘extraordinarily useful instrument, H. P. Blavatsky.’ as White Lotus Day, commemorating the yearly anniversary of the day on which Madame Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, the founder of the present Theosophical Movement, left the physical plane. It will need very little effort to touch a chord in every soul present here today in order to evoke feelings of admiration, veneration and gratitude towards the individuality who came to the Earth in Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, and inspired men to turn their minds again to the ancient, holy Mysteries whence all the forces and impulses needed for man's spiritual development have proceeded. By devoting herself to what she clearly realised to be the task of the modern age, H. P. Blavatsky was able to present in a popular form what was accessible to her of the Mystery wisdom, a form which differed from that in which Mystery wisdom has, through secret channels, influenced men's activities and endeavours. The significance of the modern age lies in the fact, that what was formerly accessible only to the few, must be given in a form comprehensible to wider circles. And to have acted, as she did at first, in accordance with this trend in the modern age—this was the mission of Madame Blavatsky. Thus, she turned the minds of men to something which has, in truth, always been held sacred by those who had knowledge of it. To indicate that this is so we will begin with the recitation of a poem by a thinker known to the so-called educated public—or rather known only as a dry, abstract thinker and as an architect of systems of remote philosophical ideas. But that what this thinker seems to give only in the form of crystalline ideas were the product of intense warmth of feeling, and that ideas alone were not the only expressions of the dictates of his heart—this he shows us in a poem addressed to the holy Mysteries.

Hegel—one can call him ‘the thinker of Europe’—who has become so ‘well known’ to modern scholars that in the libraries one can still find many uncut volumes of his—has left us a poem written from the very fibres of his heart. I mean the poem ‘Eleusis’, dedicated to Hölderlin, which will now be recited by Fräulein von Sivers. With the recitation of this poem we will pay our tribute to the genii of H. P. Blavatsky.

ELEUSIS

To Hölderlin

Rest all about me and within me rest,
The ever-grinding cares of busied men
Asleep at last! To me they proffer
Repose and liberty. My thanks to thee,
Dear freedom-bringer, Night! Now the moon veils
The uncertain outline of the distant hills
With gauzes of white mist. The clear line of the lake
Looks kindly on me.
The long-drawn-out loud noises of the day
Seem years and years away.
Thy image steals, beloved Friend, upon me
With joys from byegone days, with longings
That soon give way to sweeter hopes
Of future meeting. Fancy paints
The ardent, the long-hungered-for embrace,
The questions asked and answered;
Intimate probings whether time has changed
His mien, his look, his feelings—then the joy
Of certainty, finding the pact maintained
Firmer and riper now than then,
That ancient pact no oath had bound us to
To live for freedom and for truth alone,
Never and never to make peace
With the laws that rule sensations and beliefs!
Now the mood that bore me lightly over hills and dales to thee
Compounds with dull reality.
Ah, but a tell-tale sigh betrays their discord,
And with it flies away my fancy's happy dream
I look up to the eternal vault of heaven,
To thee, thou gleaming star of night!
Oblivion of all wishes and all hopes
Comes streaming down from thine eternity.
Reflection dies away in contemplation.
All that I labelled ‘mine’ is here no more.
I yield myself up to the Infinite,
I am within it, am naught else, am All.
Thought, soon returning, feels estranged,
Trembles before the Limitless; amazed, it cannot grasp
Such depths of contemplation.
Imagination links eternity
To sense. Ye lofty Shades, Spirits sublime,
Welcome! Ye from whose brows Perfection shines,
Ye fright me not. I feel: This also is my home,
This radiance austere that wraps you round.
Ha! Might the portals of thy Temple part,
O Ceres, erstwhile in Eleusis throned!
Drunken with ardour, now I feel
The terror of thy coming,
Even as thy Revelations dawn on me—
Then would I tell the sense sublime
Of figured images, would hear and understand
The hymns sung at a banquet of the Gods. Alas, thy halls are silent, Holy One!
Fled is the choir of Gods into Olympus,
Bare their polluted altars;
Fled from the grave of unenlightened Man
The genius of spotless magic that was here.
The wisdom of thy priests is dumb, no echo from their hallowed rites
Hath been preserved to us. In vain it quests,
The scholar's prying itch, without the love
Of wisdom. So possessed, they still despise thee.
Somewhat they hope to gain by grubbing after words,
Words that thy giant Meanings once informed -
In vain! They only turn up dust and ashes
And never never find therein thy life renewed.
What if in that disanimated trash
They found some pleasure? The complacent ghouls
Mistook: no vestige, not a trace remained
Of sacraments and images once thine.
Sons of initiation felt that high
Doctrine ineffable too full, too deep
To be bestowed in shrivelled vocables.
The soul touched by Eternity,
Immersed beyond the bounds of space and time,
By thought now unconfined forgets itself,
Then back to consciousness once more
Awakes. Who seeks to speak of this at all
To others feels, had he the tongues of angels,
The poverty of words—is horrified
To find the Sacred dwarfed by thoughts as small
As words will hold. His lips are sealed
Fearful before the sin of utterance.
What the adept forbade himself, wise laws
Enjoined on weaker minds: not to divulge
Aught that they saw, heard, felt throughout that holy night,
Lest the devotion of some better spirit
Be mischiefed by its noise; their pack of words
Might foster wrath with the Divine itself,
Were that so trodden in the mire
As even to be memorised, become
A toy, a Sophist's article on sale
For any shopper's obol,
Clothes for a fluent phraseman, even a task
Imposed on careless schoolboys—till at last
'Twere left an empty thing, its living root
Only an echo heard through foreign tongues.
Oh never, Goddess, did thy sons with greed
Bandy thy Honour in the market place,
Rather were fain to guard it well
Within the arcane sanctum of the breast.
Therefore, not on their lips, but in their lives
Thou lived'st. In their deeds thou livest yet.
This night I too discerned thee, Holy One.
Often thy children by their life reveal thee.
I scent thee as the Soul within their deeds!
Thou art the exalted mind, the constant faith
Which, still, though ruin reign, betrays not the Divine.

I feel in full accord with the individuality of H. P. Blavatsky if, especially on this day, a few words of plain truth are spoken about here. It was characteristic of her that when she was fully herself, she desired, above everything else, to be true. Therefore we can best honour her when we direct our grateful thoughts to her and speak a few words of unvarnished truth.

In her being as a whole, in her individuality, H. P. Blavatsky revealed what inner strength, what a powerful impulse was inherent in the spiritual Movement we call the Theosophical Movement. To substantiate this, I need refer only to the first of H. P. Blavatsky's more important works, Isis Unveiled. This book must give to an ordinary reader the impression of a veritably chaotic, bewildering hotchpotch. A reader who is aware of the existence of an age-old wisdom, guarded through the ages in the Mysteries and protected from profane eyes, and who knows that this wisdom has not been acquired by any external human effort but has been harboured in secret societies, such a reader too finds in the book much that is chaotic—but he finds something else as well. He finds a work that, for the first time, presents to the secular world, courageously and daringly, certain secrets of the Mysteries. One who understands these things finds what an infinite amount has been corectly interpreted—an achievement that would have been possible only by Initiates. Nevertheless, the impression of chaos remains and can be explained by the following reasoned consideration. The outer personality of H. P. Blavatsky, to the extent to which she was incarnated in her physical body, with her intellect, also with her personal characteristics, her sympathies and antipathies, shows us by the very way in which Isis Unveiled is written, that she could not possibly have produced out of her own personality, out of her own soul, what she had to give to the world. She communicates things that she herself was quite incapable of understanding, and if one follows this line of thought further it proves clearly that higher, spiritual Individualities used the body and personality of H. P. Blavatsky in order to communicate what, in accordance with the need of the times, had to be inculcated into humanity. Indeed, the impossibility of attributing to her what she has given is in itself living proof of the fact that those Individualities who are connected with the Theosophical Movement, the ‘Masters of Wisdom and Harmony of Feelings,’ found an instrument in H. P. Blavatsky. Those who see clearly in such matters know that the knowledge did not originate in her but that it flowed through her from lofty spiritual Individualities. Naturally, today is not the appropriate time to speak about these matters in detail.

Now the question might arise—and it often does—why did those lofty Individualities choose Madame Blavatsky as their instrument? They did so because in spite of everything she was the most suitable. Why did the choice not fall upon one of the learned specialists dealing with the science of Comparative Religion? We need think only of the greatest, most highly respected authority on oriental religions, the renowned Max Müller, and his own pronouncements will tell us why he could not have proclaimed what had to be communicated through the human instrument of Madame Blavatsky. When the religious systems of the East and the expositions of them through Madame Blavatsky became known, Müller said: ‘If, somewhere in the street, a pig is seen and is grunting, that is not considered very remarkable, but if a human being walks along the street grunting like a pig, that is considered remarkable indeed.’—The implication is that one who is not prepared to distort the religious systems of the East in the style of Max Müller is like a man who grunts like a pig. In any case the comparison does not seem to me very logical, for why should one be astonished when a pig grunts; but if a human being grunts, that would be a feat of which by no means everyone is capable. The comparison is rather lame, but that it could be made at all shows clearly enough that Max Müller was not the right personality.

So, the choice had to fall upon a person of no particular intellectual eminence—a situation which naturally had many disadvantages. Thus, Madame Blavatsky brought all the sympathy and antipathy of her extremely passionate nature into the great message. She had a strong antipathy to the world. conception which springs from the Old and the New Testaments, a strong antipathy to Judaism and Christianity. But to apprehend the ancient wisdom of humanity in its pure, primal form one condition is indispensable, namely to face the revelations from the higher worlds in a state of perfect mental and emotional balance. Antipathy and sympathy form a kind of fog before the inner eye. Thus, it came about that Madame Blavatsky's perception became more and more enveloped in a kind of fog, and her mind remained clear only for so-called purely Aryan traditions. Here she looked into spiritual depths with great clarity but became one-sided as a result and so it came about that in her second great work The Secret Doctrine, the early Aryan religion was presented in a biased form. To look for anything about the mystery of Sinai or of Golgotha in Blavatsky's writings would, because of this antipathy, be useless. Hence, she was led to Powers who with great forcefulness and clarity, could impart all non-Christian wisdom. This is revealed in the wonderful ‘Stanzas of Dzyan’ which Madame Blavatsky has quoted in The Secret Doctrine. But this diverted her from the path of Initiation in the physical world that was indicated, although only in a fragmentary way, in Isis Unveiled. But bound as she was by a one-sided Initiation, Madame Blavatsky could present in The Secret Doctrine only the aspect of spiritual knowledge that was inspired by the non-Christian world-conception. Thus, The Secret Doctrine is a book containing the greatest revelations of this order which humanity was able to receive at the time. It contains themes which can also be found in other writings, namely the so-called letters of the ‘Masters of Wisdom and Harmony of Feelings.’2The ‘Masters of Wisdom and Harmony of Feelings’ are individuals who have developed to stages of Initiation-knowledge beyond those attained by average human beings. The ‘letters’ to which Dr. Steiner is here referring are ‘communications’ in which much of the ancient Eastern wisdom, and also certain Rosicrucian wisdom, presented in Madame Blavatsky's works Isis Unveiled and The Secret Doctrine was contained. The whole subject of these ‘communications’ is full of pitfalls and study of the many Theosophical publications dealing with the matter would be an arduous task. The best known publication on the subject is probably the collection entitled The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett, compiled and with an introduction by A. T. Barker. (T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1923). But the contents of the letters—it must be remembered that they dated from the eighties of last century—vary considerably in value and it is questionable whether all of them emanated from genuine Initiates with no selfish or nationalistic aims and desiring only the good of humanity as a whole. Anthroposophist's will find the subject dealt with exhaustively in the lecture-course given by Dr. Steiner in 1915, entitled The Occult Movement in the Nineteenth Century. Publications dealing specifically with H. P. Blavatsky and the earliest occult ‘communications’ received and transmitted by her, are as follows: Letters from the Masters of Wisdom, a series published at Adyar, Madras; The Early Teachings of the Masters, edited by C. Jinarajadasa and published at Adyar; Reminiscences of H. P. Blavatsky, by Countess Constance Wachtmeister; vol. 5 of the Collected Writings of H. P. Blavatsky, edited by Boris de Zirkoff, published in 1950. There again some of the greatest wisdom given to mankind is to be found. But there are other sections of The Secret Doctrine, for instance those dealing in great detail with the Quantum theory. Anyone who, out of true understanding, includes the stanzas of Dzyan and the Letters of the Masters among the highest revelations vouchsafed to humanity, gains the impression from the extensive sections dealing with the Quantum theory that they were the work of a person suffering from a mania for writing down whatever came into his head and being incapable of laying down his pen. Then there are other sections where a deeply rooted passionate nature discourses on scientific topics without reliable knowledge of the subject. Thus, The Secret Doctrine is a weird mixture of themes, some of which should be eliminated, while others contain the highest wisdom. This becomes comprehensible when we consider what was said by one of H. P. Blavatsky's friends who had deep insight into her character. He said: Madame Blavatsky was really a threefold phenomenon. Firstly, she was a dumpy, plain woman with an illogical mind and a passionate nature, always losing her temper; to be sure, she was good-natured, affectionate and compassionate but she was certainly not what one calls a gifted woman. Secondly, when the great truths became articulate through her, she was the pupil of the great Masters: then her facial expression and her gestures changed, she became a different person and the spiritual worlds spoke through her. Finally, there was a third, a regal figure, awe-inspiring, supreme, in those rare moments when the Masters themselves spoke through her.

Lovers of truth will always carefully distinguish in Madame Blavatsky's works what is essential and what is not. To her who is in our thoughts today, no greater service could be rendered than to look at her in the light of truth; no greater service could be done to her than to lead the Theosophical Movement in the light of truth.

Naturally, the Theosophical Movement had at first to follow an individual course; but it has become a matter of great importance that another stream should flow into the Movement. It has become necessary to add to the Theosophical Movement the stream which since the thirteenth century has been flowing from occult sources—sources to which Madame Blavatsky had no access.

So today we are doing full justice to the aims of the Theosophical Movement not only by recognising the religious creeds and world-conceptions of the East, but by adding to them those that came to expression in the revelations of Sinai and in the Mystery of Golgotha. And perhaps today it may be permissible to ask whether the scope of the Theosophical Movement as a whole calls for the addition of what in the nature of things could not be given at the beginning, or whether specialisation of an extremely questionable kind should by means of doctrine or dogma be given out as truth? I for my part say unreservedly that I know how great a wrong we should be doing to the spirit of H. P. Blavatsky now in the spiritual world, if the latter course were taken. I know that it is not opposing but acting in harmony with that spirit if we do what it wants today, namely, to add to the Theosophical Movement what that spirit was unable to give while in the earthly body. And I know that not only am I not speaking against Madame Blavatsky but in complete harmony with her when I say to you: the one thing I wish for is that our Western conception of the world shall come to its own in this Theosophical Movement. In recent years knowledge and truths of many different kinds have become available. Now let us assume that in fifty years' time everything would have to be corrected, that of our spiritual edifice, as we picture it today, not one stone is left upon another, that in fifty years' time occult investigation would have to rectify everything fundamentally, then my comment would have to be this: May be! But one thing will remain of our aims here, and that it should remain is the object of the main endeavour of our Western Theosophical Movement. It is that it may truly be said that there was once a Theosophical Movement whose one ideal in the field of occultism was to establish only that which springs from the purest, utterly unsullied sense of truth. Our aim is that one day this may be said of us. Things still in doubt are better left unsaid than to deviate in any way from a course for which a pure sense of truth can take full responsibility before all the spiritual Powers.

From this, however, something else follows. Someone might feel called upon to ask: Why do you reject this or that? Our answer is: although others may have a different idea of tolerance, our conception of it is that we feel obliged to protect mankind from what could not hold its own before the forum of pure truth. Although our work may be misrepresented, we shall stand firm and try to fulfil our task by rejecting whatever must be rejected if we are to serve our purpose. Therefore, when anything conflicts with our sense of truth, we reject it, but only then. We obey no other reasons or sentiments. Nor will we indulge in trite phrases about equal rights of opinion, brotherhood, and so on, knowing that the love of men for one another can bear fruit only if it is sincere and true. It is fitting, particularly on this day of commemoration, that this will to be inspired by the purest sense of truth should be expressed.

Since new knowledge has been gained in the way I have indicated, much that can help to explain mysteries of the universe has come to light. Nothing is ever said to discriminate between the great cultures or religious movements of the human race. Has it not been said many times when considering the first post-Atlantean epoch with the spiritual culture inspired by the holy Rishis, that there we have something that is spiritually more sublime than anything that has followed it. Neither should we ever think of belittling Buddhism; on the contrary, we emphasise its merits, knowing that it has given humanity benefits such as Christianity will be able to achieve only in the future. What is of immense importance, however, is that again and again we point to the difference that distinguishes Oriental culture from Western culture.

Oriental culture speaks only of individualities who in the course of evolution have passed through several incarnations. For instance, it speaks of the Bodhisattvas and describes them as individualities who pass through their human development more quickly than is usual. Thus, Oriental culture is concerned only with what, as individuality, passes from incarnation to incarnation until in a certain incarnation such a Bodhisattva becomes a Buddha. When a Bodhisattva has become a Buddha—which he can do only on Earth—he has advanced so far that he need not descend again into a body of flesh. And so, the further back we go, the more do we find interest focused primarily on the individuality and less on the single incarnation. What is really in mind when speaking of the Buddha is not so much the historical Buddha, the Suddhodana Prince, but rather a degree of attainment, a rank which other Bodhisattvas also attain in the course of their successive lives.

In the West, however, it is different. We have lived through an epoch of culture which has nothing to say about the individuality who passes from life to life, but values only the single personality. We speak of Socrates, Plato, Caesar, Goethe, Spinoza, Fichte, Raphael, Michelangelo, and think of them only in the one incarnation. We do not speak of the individuality who goes from incarnation to incarnation, but we speak of the personality. We speak of one Socrates, one Plato, one Goethe and so on, we speak only of a single life in which the individuality has found expression. Western culture was destined to stress the importance of the single personality, to bring it to vigorous, characteristic maturity, and to disregard the individuality passing from life to life. But the time has come when we must again learn gradually to recognise how the eternal individuality passes through the several single personalities. Now we find that mankind is striving to apprehend what it is that lives on from personality to personality. That will fire the imagination and illumine the souls of men with a new light of understanding. This can be illustrated by a particular example.

We turn our eyes to a figure such as the Prophet Elijah. First of all, we think of the Prophet himself. But the essential significance of this Prophet is the fact that in a certain way he prepared for the Mystery of Golgotha; He indicated that the Jahve impulse is something that can be understood and grasped only in the ego. He was not able to reveal the full significance of the human ‘I’ for as regards ego-consciousness he represents a half-way stage between the Moses-idea of Jehovah and the Christian Christ-idea. Thus, the prophet Elijah is revealed to us as a mighty herald, an advance messenger of the Christ-Impulse, of what came to pass through the Mystery of Golgotha. We see him as a great and mighty figure.

Now let us turn to another. The West is accustomed to think of him as a single personality. I refer to John the Baptist. The West sees him confined within his personality. But we ourselves learn to know him as the herald of Christ Himself; we follow his life as the forerunner of Christ, as the man who first uttered the words: ‘Change the disposition of your souls for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.’ He indicated the impulse that was to come through Golgotha; that divinity can be found within the human ego, that the Christ-Ego is to enter more and more deeply into the human ego, and that this impulse is near at hand. Now, through Spiritual Science, we learn the truth that is also indicated in the Bible, namely that the same Individuality who had lived in the prophet Elijah, lived in John the Baptist. He who as Elijah heralded the Christ was reincarnated as John the Baptist, again heralding the Christ in the way appropriate for his time. For us these two figures are now united. Eastern culture proceeds in a different way, concentrating on individualities and neglecting the single personality.

Passing on now to the Middle Ages we find that extraordinary figure who was born—as if to give an outward indication of his special connection with the spiritual world—on Good Friday in the year 1483 and died in early manhood at the age of thirty-seven, a phenomenal influence through his gifts to humanity. I am speaking of Raphael. He was born on a Good Friday as if to show that he is connected with the event commemorated on Good Friday. What, in the light of Spiritual Science, can the West experience through the figure of Raphael? If we study this figure in the light of Spiritual Science, we shall discover that Raphael accomplished more for the spreading of Christianity, for the penetration of an interconfessional Christianity into the hearts of men than all the theological interpreters, than all the cardinals and popes of his time. Before the eyes of Raphael's soul there may have risen a picture of the scene described in the Acts of the Apostles.3See, Acts of the Apostles, ch. XVII, verses 22-31. One stands up before the Athenians and says: Ye men of Athens worship the gods ignorantly, with external signs. But there is that God whom one can learn to know, the God who lives and weaves in everything that has life. That God is the Christ who suffered death and has arisen, thereby giving man the impulse leading to resurrection. Some did not listen, others thought it strange. In Raphael's soul this event came to expression in the painting now hanging in the Vatican, incorrectly named ‘The School of Athens.’ In reality it depicts the figure of Paul teaching the Athenians the fundamental principles of Christianity. In this picture Raphael has given something that seems like a heralding of the Christianity that transcends denominations. The profound meaning of this picture has not yet dawned upon men.

Of the other pictures of Raphael, it must be said that whereas nothing has remained of what cardinals and popes did for humanly at that time, Raphael's work is only today becoming a vital force. How little Raphael was understood in recent times is shown by the fact that Goethe, when visiting Dresden, did not admire the Sistine Madonna, having heard from the official at the Museum—and he was only expressing the general opinion of the day—that there was something commonplace about the facial expression of the Child Jesus, that the two Angels at the bottom of the picture could only have been added by some dauber, that the Madonna herself could not be the work of Raphael, but must have been painted over. If we look through the whole of eighteenth-century literature, we shall find hardly anything about Raphael; even Voltaire does not mention him.

And today? Today, whether Protestants or Catholics or anything else, people are inwardly moved by Raphael's pictures. It can be seen how in the Sistine Madonna a great cosmic mystery reveals itself to human hearts and will carry its impulse through them into the future, when mankind will have been led to an interconfessional, broad and all-embracing Christianity, as we already have it in Spiritual Science. And that impulse will continue to work as a result of the fact that a wonderful mystery has inspired human souls through the Sistine Madonna. I have often said that when someone looks into a child's eyes, he can know that what is gazing out of those eyes is something that has not come into existence through birth, something that reveals the depths of the human soul. One who studies the children in Raphael's Madonna pictures can see that divinity itself, an occult and superhuman reality, looks out of those eyes—something that is still present in the child in the earliest period after birth. This can be perceived in all Raphael's paintings of children, with one exception. The portrayal of one child is different—it is that of the Jesus Child in the Sistine Madonna painting. Whoever looks into the eyes of that Child knows that they already reveal more than can be embodied in a human being. Raphael has made this distinction to show that in this one Child, the Child of the Sistine Madonna, there lives something that is already experiencing, in advance, a reality of pure spirit, a Christ-like reality.

Thus, Raphael is a harbinger of the spiritual Christ who is revealed again by Spiritual Science. Through Spiritual Science too we learn that in Raphael there lived the same individuality who had lived in Elijah and in John the Baptist. And we can understand that the world in which he lived as John the Baptist reappears in Raphael when we observe how his relation to the historic Christ-Event is indicated by the fact that he was born on a Good Friday.

Here, then, we have the third harbinger after Elijah and John the Baptist. Now we understand many of the questions inevitably raised by those possessed of wider powers of perception. John the Baptist dies the death of a martyr before the event of Golgotha is drawing near. He lives through the dawn leading to the Mystery of Golgotha, through the time of prophecies and predictions, through the days of rejoicing, but not through the period of lamentation and sorrow. When this same mood becomes manifest again in the personality of Raphael, do we not find it comprehensible that with such deep devotion he paints pictures of the Madonna and of children, and is it not obvious why he does not paint the betrayal by Judas, the bearing of the Cross, Golgotha, the Mount of Olives? Any existing pictures of these subjects must have been commissioned, for the essential being of Raphael finds no expression in them. Why are such pictures alien to Raphael? Because as John the Baptist he did not live to experience the Mystery of Golgotha.

And then, as we think of the figure of Raphael, how he has lived through the centuries and is still living today, and then think of what remains of his work and what has already been destroyed, and when we reflect that all material things must eventually perish, then we know well that the living essence of these pictures will have been taken into the souls of men before the pictures themselves have perished. For centuries yet, reproductions will of course be available; but that which alone can give a true idea of Raphael's personality, of what he was, what his own hands accomplished—that will crumble into dust, his works will have perished. And nothing on our Earth can preserve them.

But through Spiritual Science it is clear to us that the individuality in Raphael bears with it what has been achieved in one incarnation, into the next. And when we learn that this same individuality appears again in the poet Novalis, and we take his first proclamation which, like a radiant sunrise, reveals a new and living concept of Christ, then we say to ourselves that long before Raphael's works disappear from the outer world, the individuality in that personality has come again, in order to bequeath his gifts in a new form to mankind. How good it is that for a time Western culture has paid attention only to the actual personality, that we have learnt to love a personality simply from the fruits of a single life! And how immeasurably enriched must our souls feel when we learn that the eternal part of man passes from personality to personality. And however different these personalities may seem to us to be, the concrete facts which spiritual knowledge can tell us about reincarnation and karma will somehow bring us understanding. Humanity will not profit as greatly from general concepts and doctrines, as from details that can throw light upon individual cases. Then much that is attainable only through intuitive vision and occult investigation can be brought to bear on these matters and at last we are able to turn our gaze to the Mystery of Golgotha itself and remind ourselves that in the thirtieth year of the life of Jesus of Nazareth the Christ Being entered into him and lived through the Mystery of Golgotha

When it is maintained nowadays that the Christ Being cannot incarnate in a physical body, it must be said that that has really never been asserted. For the physical body into which the spiritual Christ Being entered at that time was the sheath of Jesus of Nazareth. In that case it was not as it is with other individualities who build up their body themselves, but into the body which had been prepared by Jesus of Nazareth, the Christ Being descended only at a later point of time. True, there was then union, but we cannot really speak of a physical incarnation of Christ. These matters are self-evident to one who has knowledge.

But now we know that through this Christ-Impulse, as it streams into the different civilisations of mankind, something has come to the Earth, has flowed into humanity, for the benefit of all mankind. Thus, that which went through death is like a seed of corn which multiplies, can make its way into individual human souls and spring to life. As we know that the body of Jesus of Nazareth had received the Christ Being who, by passing through death, united Himself with the Earth, let us now ask: what will be the outcome of this when the Earth has reached its goal and comes to its end? Christ who united Himself with the Earth, will be the one reality on Earth when it has reached its goal. Christ will be the Spirit of the Earth. This in fact He is already, only then the souls of men will be permeated by Him, and men will form a totality together with Him.

And now another question arises. We have learnt that man in his form on Earth is to be regarded as ‘Maya.’ The form disintegrates after death; what appears outwardly as the human body is an illusion.

The external form of the physical body will no more remain than the physical bodies of the plants, animals and minerals will remain. Physical bodies will become cosmic dust. What is now the visible physical Earth will have completely vanished, will exist no longer. And what of the etheric bodies? They have meaning and purpose only as long as they have to renew the life of physical bodies, and they too will cease to exist. When the Earth has reached its goal, what will remain of all that man beholds? Nothing at all will be there, nothing of himself, nothing of the beings of the other kingdoms of nature. When the Spiritual is set free nothing will be left of matter but formless dust, for the Spirit alone is real. But something will then have become a reality, something that in times gone by had not been united with The Earth at all and with which human souls will now unite—namely, the Christ Spirit. The Christ Spirit will be the one and only reality that can remain of the Earth.

But how does this Christ Spirit acquire His spiritual sheaths? In the Mystery of Golgotha, He descended into the sphere of Earth as an Impulse, as the soul of the Earth.

It does not happen in the same way as in human beings, but the Christ Being too must form for Himself something that can be called His sheaths. Christ will eventually have a kind of spiritualised physical body, a kind of etheric body and a kind of astral body. Of what will these bodies consist?

These are questions which for the time being can only be hinted at. When the Christ Being descended to the Earth He had to provide Himself with something similar to the sheaths of a human being: a physical body, an etheric body and an astral body. Gradually, in the course of the epochs, something that corresponds to an astral, an etheric and a physical body formed around the originally purely spiritual Christ Impulse which descended at the Baptism by John. All these sheaths are formed from forces which have to be developed by humanity on Earth. What kind of forces are they?

The forces of external science cannot produce a body for Christ because they are concerned only with things that will have disappeared in the future, that will no longer exist. But there is something that precedes knowledge and is infinitely more valuable for the soul than knowledge itself. It is what the Greek philosophers regarded as the beginning of all philosophy: wonder or astonishment. Once we have the knowledge, the experience which is of value to the soul has really already passed. People in whom the great revelations and truths of the spiritual world can evoke wonder, nourish this feeling of wonder, and in the course of time this creates a force which has a power of attraction for the Christ Impulse, which attracts the Christ Spirit: the Christ Impulse unites with the individual human soul when the soul can feel wonder for the mysteries of the world. Christ draws His astral body in earthly evolution from all those feelings which have lived in single human souls as wonder.

The second quality that must be developed by human souls to attract the Christ Impulse is a power of compassion. Whenever the soul is moved to share in the suffering or joy of others, this is a force which attracts the Christ Impulse; Christ unites Himself with the human soul through compassion and love. Compassion and love are the forces from which Christ forms His etheric body until the end of earthly evolution. With regard to compassion and love one could, to put it crudely, speak of a programme which Spiritual Science must carry out in the future. In this connection, materialism has evolved a pernicious science, such as has never previously existed on Earth. The very worst offence committed today is to correlate love and sexuality. This is the worst possible expression of materialism, the most devilish symptom of our time. Sexuality and love have nothing whatever to do with each other. Sexuality is something quite different from and has no connection at all with pure, original love. Science has brought things to a shameful point by means of an extensive literature devoted to connecting these two things which are simply not connected.

A third force which flows into the human soul as if from a higher world, to which man submits, to which he attributes a higher significance than that of his own individual moral instincts, is conscience.

With man's conscience Christ is most intimately united. From the impulses which spring from the conscience of individual human souls Christ draws his physical body.

The reality of an utterance in the Bible becomes very clear when we know that the etheric body of Christ is formed from men's feelings of compassion and love: ‘What ye have done unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me’—for to the end of the Earth's evolution Christ forms His etheric body out of men's compassion and love. As He forms His astral body out of wonder and astonishment, His physical body out of conscience, so does He form His etheric body out of men's feelings of compassion and love.

Why do we speak of these things at the present time? Because one day a great problem will have to be solved for humanity: namely, how to present the figure of Christ in its relation to the various domains of life. This will be possible only if account is taken of many things that Spiritual Science has to say. When after long contemplation of the Christ-idea as conceived by Spiritual Science, an attempt is made to present the figure of Christ, the countenance will be found to contain something that can, and indeed will, baffle all the arts. The countenance will give expression to the victory of the forces that are contained only in the face over all other forces in the human form. When men are able to fashion eyes that radiate only compassion, a mouth not adapted for eating but only for uttering those words of truth which are the words of conscience, when a brow can be shaped whose beauty lies in the moulding of the arch spanning the position of what we call the lotus-flower between the eyes ... when it becomes possible to accomplish all this, it will be understood why the Prophet says: ‘He hath no form nor comeliness.’ (Isaiah, 53, 2.) What is meant is that it is not beauty that counts, but the power that will gain the victory over decay: the figure of Christ in which all is compassion, all love, all devotion to conscience.

And so Spiritual Science passes over as a seed into human feeling, human perception. The teachings that spiritual investigation can impart do not remain mere teachings; they are transformed into life itself in the human soul. And the fruits of Spiritual Science will gradually mature into conditions of life which will appear like an external embodiment of spiritual knowledge itself, of the soul of future humanity.

With thoughts such as these I would like to have spoken to you in the way that one likes to speak to those who are striving for spiritual knowledge, not in dry words, but in words conveying ideas and stimulating feelings which can live and be effective in the outer world. When such feelings are alive in men's hearts, they will become a source of warmth streaming into all mankind. And those who believe this will also believe in the effectiveness of their own good feelings; they will also believe that this can apply to every soul—even though karma may not enable it to be outwardly manifest. Invisible effects can thus be engendered whereby all that ought to come into the world through Spiritual Science can actually be brought there.

That is the feeling I should like to have awakened in you on the occasion of my present visit to Cologne.

Vorverkündigung Und Heroldtum Des Christus-Impulses Der Christus-Geist Und Seine Hüllen: Eine Pfingstbotschaft

Der heutige Tag fordert eine Einleitung zu unseren Betrachtungen. Ist es doch der Tag, den wir in der theosophischen Bewegung bezeichnen als den «weißen Lotustag», der uns alljährlich in Erinnerung ruft das Verlassen des physischen Planes durch Frau Helena Petrowna Blavatsky, der Begründerin der theosophischen Bewegung in der neueren Zeit. Und es braucht wohl nur ein wenig angeschlagen zu werden ein Ton, der wohl in jeder Seele, die sich heute hier befindet, vorhanden ist, um hervorzurufen Gefühle und Empfindungen der Bewunderung, der Verehrung, des Dankes gegenüber derjenigen Individualität, welche auf der Erde verweilte in Frau Blavatsky und wieder erneuert den Blick der Menschen geschärft hat für die uralt heiligen Mysterien der Menschheit, aus denen für die Menschen immer hervorgegangen ist alles, was die geistige Entwickelung an Kräften und Impulsen braucht. Die Aufgabe der neueren Zeit verständnisvoll ergreifend, konnte H. P. Blavatsky dasjenige, was ihr zugänglich war an Mysterienweisheit, in einer populären Form geben, so daß diese populäre Form das abweichende ist gegenüber der Art und Weise, wie durch geheime Kanäle und Strömungen Mysterienweisheit in menschliches Arbeiten und Schaffen eingeflossen ist. Das ist gerade die Bedeutung der neueren Zeit in dieser Beziehung, daß in allgemeinerer Form gegeben werden muß, was früher nur wenigen zugänglich war. Und zuerst im Sinne dieses Zuges der neueren Zeit gehandelt zu haben, das war die Mission von Frau Blavatsky. Sie hat damit der Menschen Sinn hingelenkt auf etwas, was in der Tat zu allen Zeiten heilig war denjenigen, die davon wußten. Daß dies so ist, soll jetzt gleich am Ausgangspunkte unserer heutigen Betrachtung dadurch nahegebracht werden, daß vorgetragen werden soll die Dichtung eines Denkers, den die große Masse der Gebildeten nur kennt oder besser gesagt nicht kennt — als einen trockenen, begrifflichen Denker, nur als einen Werk- und Baumeister von weit, weit entlegenen Ideengebilden. Daß aber dieser Denker dasjenige, was er scheinbar nur in kristallinischen Ideenbauten gegeben hat, in sich selber als das wärmste Gefühl besaß, und daß nicht Ideen allein das Gewand sind für dasjenige, was aus seinem Herzen stammt, zeigt er uns in einem Gedicht, das er eben an die heiligen Mysterien richtet.

Hegel - wie man sagen kann: der Denker Europas -, der so bekannt den modernen Gebildeten geworden ist, daß man heute noch immer vielen unaufgeschnittenen Büchern von ihm in den Bibliotheken begegnen kann, hat uns eine mit Herzblut geschriebene Dichtung hinterlassen. Ich meine die Dichtung «Eleusis», die nun hier durch Fräulein von Sivers vorgetragen werden soll. Wir wollen mit dieser Dichtung aus mitteleuropäischer Kultur heraus unseren Tribut zahlen an die Manen von H. P. Blavatsky.

«Eleusis»

An Hölderlin

Um mich, in mir wohnt Ruhe. Der geschäft’gen Menschen
Nie müde Sorge schläft. Sie geben Freiheit
Und Muße mir. Dank dir, du meine
Befreierin, o Nacht! - Mit weißem Nebelflor
Umzieht der Mond die ungewissen Grenzen
Der fernen Hügel. Freundlich blinkt der helle Streif
Des See’s herüber.
Des Tags langweil’gen Lärmen fernt Erinnerung,
Als lägen Jahre zwischen ihm und jetzt.
Dein Bild, Geliebter, tritt vor mich,
Und der entfloh’nen Tage Lust. Doch bald weicht sie
Des Wiedersehens süßern Hoffnungen.
Schon malt sich mir der langersehnten, feurigen
Umarmung Szene; dann der Fragen, des geheimern,
Des wechselseitigen Ausspähens Szene,
Was hier an Haltung, Ausdruck, Sinnesart am Freund
Sich seit der Zeit geändert; - der Gewißheit Wonne,
Des alten Bundes Treue, fester, reifer noch zu finden,
Des Bundes, den kein Eid besiegelte:
Der freien Wahrheit nur zu leben,
Friede mit der Satzung,
Die Meinung und Empfindung regelt, nie, nie einzugehn!
Nun unterhandelt mit der trägen Wirklichkeit der Sinn,
Der über Berge, Flüsse, leicht mich zu dir trug.
Doch ihren Zwist verkündet bald ein Seufzer und mit ihm
Entflieht der süßen Phantasien Traum.

Mein Aug’ erhebt sich zu des ew’gen Himmels Wölbung,
Zu dir, o glänzendes Gestirn der Nacht!
Und aller Wünsche, aller Hoffnungen
Vergessen strömt aus deiner Ewigkeit herab.
Der Sinn verliert sich in dem Anschaun,
Was mein ich nannte, schwindet.
Ich gebe mich dem Unermeßlichen dahin.
Ich bin in ihm, bin alles, bin nur es.
Dem wiederkehrenden Gedanken fremdet,
Ihm graut vor dem Unendlichen, und staunend faßt
Er dieses Anschauns Tiefe nicht.
Dem Sinne nähert Phantasie das Ewige.
Vermählt es mit Gestalt. - Willkommen, ihr,
Erhab’ne Geister, hohe Schatten,
Von deren Stirne die Vollendung strahlt,
Er schrecket nicht. Ich fühl’, es ist auch meine Heimat
Der Glanz, der Ernst, der euch umfließt.

Ha! Sprängen jetzt die Pforten deines Heiligtums,
O Ceres, die du in Eleusis throntest!
Begeistrung trunken fühl, ich jetzt
Die Schauer deiner Nähe,
Verstände deine Offenbarungen.
Ich deutete der Bilder hohen Sinn, vernähme
Die Hymnen bei der Götter Mahle,
Die hohen Sprüche ihres Rats. Doch deine Hallen sind verstummt, o Göttin!
Geflohen ist der Götter Kreis in den Olymp
Zurück von den entheiligten Altären,
Geflohn von der entweihten Menschheit Grab
Der Unschuld Genius, der her sie zauberte.
Die Weisheit deiner Priester schweigt. Kein Ton der heil’gen Weih’n
Hat sich zu uns gerettet, und vergebens sucht
Der Forscher Neugier mehr, als Liebe
Zur Weisheit. Sie besitzen die Sucher und verachten dich.
Um sie zu meistern, graben sie nach Worten,
In die dein hoher Sinn gepräget wär”.
Vergebens! Etwas Staub und Asche nur erhaschen sie,
Worein dein Leben ihnen ewig nimmer wiederkehrt.
Doch unter Moder und Entseeltem auch gefielen sich
Die Ewigtoten, die Genügsamen! - Umsonst! es blieb
Kein Zeichen deiner Feste, keines Bildes Spur.
Dem Sohn der Weihe war der hohen Lehren Fülle,
Des unaussprechlichen Gefühles Tiefe viel zu heilig,
Als daß er trock’ne Zeichen ihrer würdigte.
Schon der Gedanke faßt die Seele nicht,
Die außer Zeit und Raum in Ahnung der Unendlichkeit
Versunken, sich vergißt und wieder zum Bewußtsein nun
Erwacht. Wer gar davon zu andern sprechen wollte,
Spräch’ er mit Engelzungen, fühlt der Worte Armut.
Ihm graut, das Heilige so klein gedacht,
Durch sie so klein gemacht zu haben, daß die Red’ ihm Sünde deucht,
Und daß er bebend sich den Mund verschließt.
Was der Geweihte sich so selbst verbot, verbot ein weises
Gesetz den ärmern Geistern, das nicht kund zu tun,
Was sie in heil’ger Nacht gesehn, gehört, gefühlt.
Daß nicht den Bessern selbst auch ihres Unfugs Lärm
In seiner Andacht stört’; ihr hohler Wörterkram
Ihn auf das Heil’ge selbst erzürnen machte, dieses nicht
So in den Kot getreten würde, daß man dem
Gedächtnis gar es anvertraute, daß es nicht
Zum Spielzeug und zur Ware der Sophisten,
Die er obolenweis verkaufte,
Zu des beredten Heuchlers Mantel, oder gar
Zur Rute schon des frohen Knaben und so leer
Am Ende würde, daß er nur im Widerhall
Von fremden Zungen seines Lebens Wurzel hätte.
Es trugen geizig deine Söhne, Göttin,
Nicht deine Ehr’ auf Gass’ und Markt, verwahrten sie
Im innern Heiligtum der Brust.
Drum lebtest du auf ihrem Munde nicht.
Ihr Leben ehrte dich. In ihren Taten lebst du noch.

Auch diese Nacht vernahm ich, heil’ge Gottheit, dich.
Dich offenbart oft mir auch deiner Kinder Leben,
Dich ahn ich oft als Seele ihrer Taten!
Du bist der hohe Sinn, der treue Glauben,
Der einer Gottheit, wenn auch alles untergeht, nicht wankt.

In vollem Einklange fühle ich mich mit der Individualität von H. P. Blavatsky, wenn gerade an diesem Tage einige Worte, man möchte sagen, der vollen, klaren Wahrheit über sie gesprochen werden. Es war ihr eigen, dann, wenn sie ganz sie selbst war, vor allen Dingen wahr sein zu wollen. Daher ehren wir sie am besten, wenn wir unsere dankbaren Gedanken zu ihr hinwenden und einige wenige Worte der reinsten Wahrheit sprechen.

Gerade H. P. Blavatsky zeigte in ihrer Ganzheit, in ihrer Individualität, welche innere Kraft, welcher starke Impuls jener spirituellen Bewegung eigen war, die wir die theosophische Bewegung nennen. Um das zu erhärten, sei nur hingewiesen auf das erste größere Werk von H. P. Blavatsky, auf die «Entschleierte Isis». Dieses Buch macht auf den gewöhnlichen Leser den Eindruck wirklich eines chaotischen Werkes, in dem es drunter und drüber geht. Nimmt dieses Werk aber jemand zur Hand, der weiß, daß es eine uralte, in den Mysterien gehütete Weisheit gibt, die eben gehütet worden ist durch viele Zeiten hindurch vor den profanen Blicken, und der weiß, daß nicht in äußeren Menschenwerken, sondern in geheimen Gesellschaften vorbereitet worden ist diese Weisheit, der findet dann allerdings noch immer Chaotisches in dem Buche, aber auch noch etwas anderes. Er findet nämlich zum ersten Male ein Werk, das mutig und kühn gewisse Geheimnisse der Mysterien vor die profane Welt hinstellt. Und wer diese Dinge versteht, der finder, wie unendlich vieles richtig gedeutet worden ist, so wie es nur deuten konnten Eingeweihte. Der chaotische Eindruck bleibt, und man kann ihn sich durch folgende, vernunftgemäße Beobachtung erklären: Die äußere Persönlichkeit von H. P. Blavatsky, insofern sie in ihrem physischen Leibe verkörpert war, mit ihrem Intellekt, auch mit ihren persönlichen Eigenschaften, ihrer Sympathie und Antipathie, sie zeigt uns in der Art, wie die «Entschleierte Isis» geschrieben ist, daß sie durchaus nicht aus ihrer Persönlichkeit, aus ihrer eigenen Seele hat hervorbringen können dasjenige, was sie der Welt zu geben hatte. Sie teilt Dinge mit, die sie selbst gar nicht hat verstehen können, und wenn man diesen Gedankengang weiter verfolgt, dann ist er ein Beweis dafür, daß höhere, spirituelle Individualitäten den Leib und die Persönlichkeit von H. P. Blavatsky benutzt haben, um dasjenige, was notwendig war, was einfließen mußte in die Menschheit, mitzuteilen. Gerade weil man Blavatsky nicht zuschreiben kann, was sie gegeben hat, gerade das ist ein lebendiger Beweis dafür, daß diejenigen Individualitäten, die mit der theosophischen Bewegung sind, die Meister der Weisheit und des Zusammenklanges der Empfindungen, in ihr ein Instrument fanden. Diejenigen, die in diesen Dingen klar sehen, wissen, daß die Dinge nicht von ihr selbst stammen, daß sie durch sie geflossen sind von hohen spirituellen Individualitäten aus. Es ist natürlich heute nicht Gelegenheit dazu, im einzelnen über diese Dinge zu sprechen.

Man könnte nun die Frage aufwerfen, und sie wird oft aufgeworfen: Warum haben denn jene hohen Individualitäten gerade Frau Blavatsky als Werkzeug ausgesucht? Weil es trotzdem das geeignetste war. Warum ist denn nicht einer der gelehrten Herren, die vergleichende Religionswissenschaft trieben, zu diesem Instrumente ausersehen worden? Wir brauchen nur den größten, verehrungswürdigsten Kenner der orientalischen Religionssysteme, den großen Max Müller, ins Auge zu fassen, und wir werden an seinen eigenen Aussprüchen sehen, warum er nicht hat verkünden können dasjenige, was durch das menschliche Instrument von Frau Blavatsky mitgeteilt werden mußte. Er hatte ein sonderbares Urteil über dasjenige, was H. P. Blavatsky über die orientalische Religionsweisheit gab; er sagte: Wenn irgendwo auf der Straße gesehen wird ein Schwein, das grunzt, dann findet man das gar nicht merkwürdig, wenn aber ein Mensch auf der Straße geht und grunzt wie ein Schwein, dann findet man das sehr merkwürdig. Es sollte also gesagt werden: wer das, was orientalisches Religionssystem ist, nicht im Sinne von Max Müller verballhornt, der sei wie ein Mensch, der grunzt wie ein Schwein. Auch sonst scheint mir nicht viel Logik in dem Vergleich zu stecken, denn, was hätte man wohl für einen Grund, besonders erstaunt zu sein, wenn ein Schwein grunzt; dagegen wenn ein Mensch grunzt, dann ist das doch schon eine Kunst, das kann nicht ein jeder. Dieser Vergleich ist also etwas hinkend, aber daß er überhaupt gemacht werden konnte, das zeigt, daß die Persönlichkeit von Max Müller nicht die richtige war.

So mußte eine Persönlichkeit ausgewählt werden, die intellektuell zwar nicht besonders hoch stand, und das hatte natürlich alle möglichen Nachteile. Frau Blavatsky hat dadurch in die große Botschaft mithineingebracht alle Sympathie und Antipathie ihres stark leidenschaftlichen Charakters. Nun hatte sie eine starke Antipathie gegen diejenige Weltanschauung, welche strömt aus den alttestamentlichen und neutestamentlichen Urkunden, sie hatte eine starke Antipathie gegen das hebräische und christliche Element. Eines ist aber nötig, um die Urweisheit der Menschheit in ihrer reinen Urgestalt zu erkennen, und das ist, mit vollem Gleichmaß der Gefühle den Offenbarungen, die von den höheren Welten kommen, gegenüberzustehen. Antipathie und Sympathie bilden eine Art Nebel vor unserem inneren Auge. So kam es, daß Frau Blavatsky immer mehr dazu gedrängt wurde, einen Nebel vor sich zu bekommen, und deutlich nur sehen konnte dasjenige, was durch die sogenannten rein arischen Überlieferungen gegangen ist. Das sah sie in seinen spirituellen Tiefen mit besonderer Klarheit, aber sie wurde dadurch einseitig und so kam es, daß sie in ihrem zweiten großen Werke, der «Geheimlehre», einseitig die gewaltige, alte arische Urreligion darstellte. Das Mysterium vom Sinai und von Golgatha darf man nicht suchen bei Frau Blavatsky, weil sie diesem Antipathie entgegenbrachte. Daher wurde sie gelenkt nach Mächten hin, die mit großer Gewalt und großer Klarheit geben konnten alles dasjenige, was außerchristlich ist. Das ist zu suchen in den wunderbaren «Dzyan»-Strophen, die Frau Blavatsky in der «Geheimlehre» mitgeteilt hat. Aber sie wurde dadurch auch abgedrängt vom Pfade der Initiation in der physischen Welt, die in der «Entschleierten Isis» zwar herauskommt, aber nur in gebrochenen Strahlen. In der «Geheimlehre» aber konnte Frau Blavatsky nur darstellen — weil sie einer einseitigen Initiation unterlag — diese einseitige Strömung, die gelenkt wurde durch jene außerchristliche Weltanschauung. So kam denn in der «Geheimlehre» ein eigenartiges Buch zustande, in dem die größten Offenbarungen stehen, welche die Menschheit damals empfangen konnte. Es stehen Dinge darinnen, die auch in einer anderen Schrift hervorgehoben sind: in den Briefen der «Meister der Weisheit und des Zusammenklanges der Empfindungen», den sogenannten Meisterbriefen. Da findet man wiederum ein Größtes, das der Menschheit geoffenbart worden ist. Aber es gibt auch andere Partien in der «Geheimlehre». Es gibt da zum Beispiel ausführliche Mitteilungen über die Theorie der Masse. Gerade wer aus richtigem Verständnis heraus die Dzyan-Strophen und die Meisterbriefe zu dem Höchsten zählt, was der Menschheit mitgeteilt ist, hat aus den weit ausgedehnten Partien über die Theorie der Masse den Eindruck, als ob sie herrührten von jemandem, der an dem Schreibwahnsinn gelitten hat, der immer nur hingeschrieben hat, was ihm eingefallen ist und nicht die Feder aus der Hand legen konnte. Und andere Partien sind darin, wo die tiefe leidenschaftliche Natur über wissenschaftliche Dinge spricht, ohne daß eine genaue Kenntnis der Sache vorliegt. So ist die «Geheimlehre» ein zusammengeschachteltes Buch von Dingen, die man ausschalten sollte, aber auch von Dingen der höchsten Weisheit. Begreiflich wird das, wenn man danebenhält die Erklärung eines tiefen Kenners und guten Bekannten von Frau Blavatsky. Er sagt: Frau Blavatsky war eigentlich ein Dreifaches. Zunächst war sie die kleine, häßliche Frau, mit unlogischem Denken, mit leidenschaftlichem Charakter, die sich immer ärgerte über irgend etwas, die zwar gutmütig, liebevoll und mitleidvoll war, aber durchaus nicht, was man eine begabte Frau nennt. Zum zweiten war sie, wenn die großen Wahrheiten aus ihr redeten, ein Schüler der großen Meister: dann veränderten sich ihre Züge, ihre Gebärden, dann war sie eine andere, dann redeten die geistigen Welten aus ihr. Dann gab es noch eine dritte, das war eine königliche Erscheinung: ehrfurchtgebietend, alles überragend. Das war in den seltenen Momenten, wo die Meister selber aus ihr redeten und sich kundgaben in ihren Worten und Schriftzügen. — Diejenigen, die vom Wahrheitssinn beseelt sind, werden immer sorgfältig unterscheiden, auch in den Werken von Frau Blavatsky, um was es sich handelt. Kein größerer Dienst könnte gerade Frau Blavatsky getan werden, zu der wir heute den Blick richten, als sie im Lichte der Wahrheit zu erkennen; kein größerer Dienst könnte ihr getan werden, als die theosophische Bewegung im Lichte der Wahrheit zu führen.

Es war nur selbstverständlich, daß am Ausgangspunkte der theosophischen Bewegung eine individuelle Richtung stand; aber groß und bedeutsam ist es geworden, notwendig ist es geworden, einen anderen Strom dieser theosophischen Bewegung zuzuführen. Es ist notwendig geworden, dem Strom der theosophischen Bewegung hinzuzufügen, was aus okkulten Quellen durch das Rosenkreuzerische seit dem 14. Jahrhundert fließt und was Frau Blavatsky verschlossen war.

So haben wir heute durchaus den Sinn der theosophischen Bewegung erfüllt, indem wir nicht nur anerkennen die orientalischen Bekenntnisse und Weltanschauungen, sondern auch hinzufügen die Weltanschauungen, die ihren Ausdruck gefunden haben in den Offenbarungen vom Sinai und in dem Mysterium von Golgatha. Und es darf vielleicht heute gerade eine Frage angedeutet werden: Liegt Weite, umfassendes Verständnis des wahren Impulses, der in der theosophischen Bewegung liegen solle, darin, der Weltanschauung von H. P. Blavatsky dasjenige hinzuzufügen, was ihr am Ausgangspunkte nicht gegeben werden konnte, oder liegt Weite darin, daß man eine Spezialmeinung höchst fragwürdiger Art zu einem Dogma erhebt und dies als Weite, als das Umfassende der theosophischen Bewegung bezeichnen will? Ich meinerseits sage unverhohlen: Ich weiß, daß wir uns versündigen müßten an dem Geist von H.P. Blavatsky, der heute in der geistigen Welt ist, wenn wir das letztere befolgen. Ich weiß, daß man sich nicht versündigt an diesem Geiste, sondern ihm Rechnung trägt, wenn man das tut, was er heute will: wenn man hinzufügt zur theosophischen Bewegung dasjenige, was er im Erdenleibe zu geben nicht imstande war. Und ich weiß, daß ich nicht nur nicht gegen, sondern in vollem Einklange mit Frau Blavatsky zu Ihnen spreche, wenn ich sage: Eines möchte ich, daß unsere abendländische Strömung sich in dieser theosophischen Bewegung zur Geltung bringt. - Es sind mancherlei Erkenntnisse und Wahrheiten in den letzten Jahren hinzugekommen. Nehmen wir nun an, nehmen wir wirklich an, in fünfzig Jahren würde alles korrigiert werden müssen, nehmen wir an, kein Stein unseres Geistesbaues, wie die Dinge heute dargestellt werden, würde auf dem anderen bleiben können, die okkulte Forschung müßte in den nächsten fünfzig Jahren alles von Grund auf rektifizieren — das alles würde von mir nur so charakterisiert werden müssen, daß ich sagen müßte: Mag sein, aber eines wird bleiben von dem, was wir hier wollen, und daß dies bleibe, dahin geht das Hauptstreben unserer abendländischen theosophischen Bewegung. Das eine möge sein, daß man sagen wird, daß es eine theosophische Bewegung gegeben hat, die auf dem Felde des Okkultismus nichts anderes zur Geltung bringen wollte als dasjenige, was aus dem ungetrübtesten, reinsten Wahrheitssinn hervorgegangen ist. - Das ist unser Bestreben, daß man dieses einmal sagen möge. Lieber sollen Dinge nicht gesagt werden, die noch fraglich sind, als daß irgendwie abgewichen würde von dem, was im reinsten Wahrheitssinn vor allen spirituellen Mächten verantwortet werden kann.

Daraus aber folgt ein anderes, nämlich, daß da oder dort irgend jemand sich berufen fühlt zu sagen: Warum lehnt ihr dies oder jenes ab, was in der theosophischen Bewegung erscheint? Das ist doch nicht tolerant! - Mögen andere Toleranz mit einem anderen Begriff verbinden, wir gebrauchen diese Begriffe so, daß wir uns verpflichtet fühlen, die Menschheit zu bewahren vor demjenigen, was vor dem reinen Wahrheitssinn nicht bestehen kann. Möge man entstellen, was wir tun, wir werden nicht weichen, wir werden unsere Aufgabe dahin zu erfüllen suchen, daß wir ablehnen alles, was wir ablehnen müssen, wenn wir demjenigen dienen, was eben ausgesprochen ist. Daher, aber nur dann, wenn mit unserem Wahrheitsgefühl irgend etwas in Disharmonie kommt, lehnen wir es ab. Andere Gründe, andere Gefühle kennen wir nicht. Wir werden nicht, in faden Redensarten uns ergehend, von Gleichheit der Meinungen sprechen, von Brüderlichkeit und so weiter, wir werden wissen, daß auch die Liebe der Menschen untereinander nur gedeihen kann, wenn sie eine aufrichtige und wahre ist. Dieses Beseelt-sein-Wollen von dem reinen Wahrheitssinn, das sei heute insbesondere an diesem festlichen Tage einmal gesagt.

Dadurch, daß auf diese Weise Neues so hinzugekommen ist, dadurch trat mancherlei zutage, was zu Erklärungen der Geheimnisse des Weltenalls beitragen kann. Nicht werden die Dinge gesagt, um irgendeine große Kultur oder religiöse Bewegung der Menschheit in den Schatten zu stellen gegenüber einer anderen. Wie oft wurde es doch erwähnt, daß, wenn wir hinschauen auf die erste nachatlantische Zeit mit ihrer spirituellen Kultur der heiligen Rishis, wir innerhalb dieser ersten nachatlantischen Kulturperiode etwas haben, was höher war an Spirituellem als alles, was gefolgt ist. Ebensowenig fällt es uns ein, dem Buddhismus unrecht tun zu wollen, wir heben gerade seine Vorzüge hervor, wir wissen, daß er der Menschheit Dinge gegeben har, die das Christentum sich erst in der Zukunft wird erobern müssen. Aber ungeheuer bedeutungsvoll ist es, daß wir immer wieder auf den

Unterschied hinweisen, der gerade zwischen der orientalischen und der abendländischen Kultur sich ergibt.

Die orientalische Kultur spricht nur von solchen Individualitäten, die durch die Entwickelung durch verschiedene Inkarnationen hindurchgegangen sind. Es spricht zum Beispiel die orientalische Kultur von den Bodhisattvas und spricht von ihnen als Individualitäten, die schneller die Menschheitsentwickelung durchmachen. Sie faßt aber dabei nur ins Auge dasjenige, was als Individualität von Inkarnation zu Inkarnation geht, und daß in einer bestimmten Inkarnation ein solcher Bodhisattva zum Buddha wird. Dann ist ein solcher Bodhisattva so weit gekommen, wenn er ein Buddha geworden ist — was er nur auf Erden kann -, daß er nicht mehr herabzusteigen braucht in einen fleischlichen Leib. Man hat also, je weiter wir zurückgehen, nur die Individualität im Auge und hebt weniger hervor die einzelne Verkörperung. Man spricht viel mehr von dem Buddha als von einer Stufe, von einer Würde, die andere Bodhisattvas auch im Laufe ihrer Leben erreichen, als von dem historischen Buddha, dem ShuddhodanaPrinzen.

Im Abendlande dagegen ist das anders. Wir haben eine Kultur durchgemacht, in der wir gar nicht sprechen von der Individualität, die von Leben zu Leben geht, sondern der abendländischen Kultur ist wert geworden die einzelne Persönlichkeit. Wir sprechen von Sokrates, Plato, Cäsar, Goethe, Spinoza, Fichte, Raffael, Michelangelo und denken sie uns in einer Inkarnation. Wir sprechen nicht von der Individualität, die von Inkarnation zu Inkarnation geht, sondern von der Persönlichkeit; wir sprechen nur von einem Sokrates, von einem Plato, Goethe und so weiter, nur von einem einzelnen Ausdruck, den diese Individualität gefunden hat, sprechen wir. Die abendländische Kultur war bestimmt, die einzelne Persönlichkeit zur Geltung zu bringen, sie frisch und charakteristisch zu gestalten und abzusehen von demjenigen, was von Leben zu Leben als Individualität hindurchgeht. Jetzt aber stehen wir wieder davor, allmählich zu erkennen, wie durch die einzelnen Persönlichkeiten hindurchgeht die ewige Individualität. Jetzt erleben wir, wie die Menschheit dahin strebt, hinzublicken auf dasjenige, was von Persönlichkeit zu Persönlichkeit lebt. Das wird bedeuten eine neue Befeuerung der menschlichen Seele, ein neues Verständnis bringendes Licht, das sich ausbreiten wird über die menschlichen Seelen. Was kommen wird, wie man die einzelne menschliche Persönlichkeit auffassen wird, das können wir an einem einzelnen Beispiele sehen.

Wir wenden den Blick hin auf eine solche Gestalt, wie der Prophet Flias es ist. Zunächst betrachtet man den Propheten Elias für sich. Das Wesentliche aber, worauf es ankommt bei dem Propheten Elias, ist, daß er in einer gewissen Weise vorbereitet hat auf das Mysterium von Golgatha. Daß er hingewiesen hat darauf, daß der Jahve-Impuls etwas ist, das nur im Ich verstanden und begriffen werden kann. Er hat nicht auf die ganze Bedeutung des menschlichen Ich hinweisen können, er ist eine Zwischenstufe in der Ich-Erkenntnis zwischen der Moses-Idee von Jehova und der christlichen Christus-Idee. So erscheint uns der Prophet Elias wie ein gewaltiger Herold, wie ein Vorherverkünder des Christus-Impulses, desjenigen, was durch das Mysterium von Golgatha geschehen ist. Und da erscheint er uns groß und gewaltig.

Und nun gehen wir weiter, betrachten wir eine andere Gestalt. Vom abendländischen Sinne aus sind wir gewohnt, sie als eine einzelne Persönlichkeit zu betrachten. Betrachten wir Johannes den Täufer. Begrenzt als Persönlichkeit stellt sie hin der abendländische Sinn. Wir aber lernen ihn kennen als den Herold des Christus selbst, wir lernen ihn kennen, wie er gelebt hat als der Vorläufer des Christus, als derjenige, der zuerst die Worte gesprochen hat: Ändert eure Seelenverfassung, denn die Reiche der Himmel sind nahe. - Hingewiesen hat er ganz auf dasjenige, was Impuls werden sollte durch Golgatha: daß in dem menschlichen Ich ein Ganzes, Göttliches gefunden werden kann, daß das Christus-Ich einziehen soll in das menschliche Ich immer mehr und mehr, und daß der Impuls dazu nahe ist. Nun lernen wir durch die geisteswissenschaftliche Erkenntnis, daß es wahr ist, was auch die Bibel andeutet: daß dieselbe Individualität, die im Propheten Elias gelebt hat, in Johannes dem Täufer lebte. So daß derjenige, der Herold sein sollte für den Christus, sich auslebte als Elias, wiederkommt als Johannes der Täufer und abermals Herold wird für den Christus, wie es angemessen war für seine Zeit. Jetzt verbinden sich uns diese beiden Gestalten. Die morgenländische Kultur machte es anders: sie geht gleich zu auf die Individualitäten und vernachlässigt die einzelne Persönlichkeit.

Wenden wir den Blick nun weiter, so finden wir jene eigentümliche Gestalt des Mittelalters, die da geboren ist - wie um äußerlich anzudeuten, daß sie zu der geistigen Welt in besonderer Weise steht - an einem Karfreitage im Jahre 1483, und die jugendlich wieder dahingegangen ist im siebenunddreißigsten Lebensjahre, die so mächtig gewirkt hat durch das, was sie der Menschheit gegeben hat: die Gestalt des Raffael. Er wurde geboren an einem Karfreitage, wie um anzudeuten, daß er verbunden ist mit dem, was am Karfreitage gefeiert wird. Was wird der abendländische Sinn im Sinne der Geisteswissenschaft an der Gestalt des Raffael erfahren können? Wenn wir diese Gestalt mit den Mitteln der Geisteswissenschaft ins Auge fassen, können wir erfahren, daß sie mehr leistete für die Verbreitung des Christentums, für das Hineinleben eines interkonfessionellen Christentums in die Herzen und Gemüter der Menschen, als alle theologischen Interpreten, als alle Kardinäle und Päpste seiner Zeit. Vor Raffaels Blick mag gestanden haben, was in der Apostelgeschichte steht: Wie einer unter die Athener tritt und sagt - sogar die Gebärde ist dort dargestellt -—: Ihr Leute von Athen, ihr habt den Göttern Opfer gebracht in äußeren Zeichen. Es gibt aber eine Erkenntnis jenes Gottes, der in allen Leben lebt und webt. Das ist der Christus, der durch den Tod gegangen und auferstanden ist, und der dadurch den Menschen den Impuls gegeben hat zur Auferstehung. — Die einen hörten nicht zu und die anderen fanden es sonderbar. In Raffaels Gemüt wurde das zu jenem Bilde, das wir heute im Vatikan finden, das den unrichtigen Namen trägt «Die Schule von Athen». In Wirklichkeit zeigt es die Gestalt des Paulus, die Athener belehrend über das Grundwesen des Christentums. Da hat Raffael etwas gegeben, was wie eine Heroldschaft des über den Konfessionen stehenden Christentums erscheint. Wenig ist das verstanden worden bisher, der tiefe Sinn dieses Bildes ist den Menschen noch nicht aufgegangen.

Wenn wir die anderen Bilder Raffaels nehmen, so müssen wir sagen: Von dem, was Päpste und Kardinäle dazumal geleistet, der Menschheit gegeben haben, ist wahrhaftig nichts geblieben. In jener Zeit hat Raffael so gewirkt, daß es heute erst wahrhaft lebt. Wie wenig man ihn in früheren Zeiten verstand, das kann man daran ersehen, daß Goethe in Dresden nicht etwa die Sixtinische Madonna bewunderte; denn er hatte von dem Museumsbeamten gehört, was damals allgemeine Meinung war, das Jesuskind habe im Gesichtsausdruck etwas Gemeines, die beiden Engel unten könne überhaupt nur ein Stümper hinzugemalt haben, die Madonna selbst könnte so, wie wir sie sehen, nicht von Raffael herrühren, sie müsse übermalt worden sein. - Wir können die ganze Literatur des 18. Jahrhunderts durchgehen, wir finden kaum etwas über Raffael, selbst Voltaire erwähnt ihn nicht.

Und heute! Heute können die Leute Protestanten oder Katholiken oder sonst etwas sein, in allen Gemütern wirken Raffaels Bilder. Man kann sehen, wie in der Sixtinischen Madonna ein großes kosmisches Mysterium sich in die Menschenherzen hineinprägt, und man wird in Zukunft darauf fortbauen können - wenn die Menschheit geführt sein wird zu einem interkonfessionellen, weiten und umfassenden Christentum, das heute schon die Geisteswissenschaft darstellt -, man wird fortbauen können darauf, daß auf die menschlichen Gemüter etwas so wunderbar Mysterienhaftes gewirkt hat wie die Sixtinische Madonna. Öfters ist von mir schon hingewiesen worden darauf, daß, wenn der Mensch Kindern ins Auge schaut, er wissen kann, daß aus dem kindlichen Auge etwas herausschaut, was nicht durch die Geburt ins Dasein getreten ist, was menschliche Seelentiefen herausschauen läßt. Wer die Kinder auf den Madonnenbildern von Raffael anschaut, der sieht, daß aus seinen Kinderaugen herausschaut das Göttliche, das Verborgene, das Übermenschliche, das mit dem Kinde in den ersten Zeiten nach der Geburt noch verbunden ist. Das kann man auf allen Kinderbildern Raffaels beobachten, mit Ausnahme eines einzigen. Ein Kindesbild wird man nicht so deuten können, und das ist das Jesuskind der Sixtinischen Madonna. Wer diesem Kinde ins Auge schaut, der weiß, daß mehr, als was in einem Menschen sein kann, schon aus dem Auge dieses Kindes herausschaut. Diesen Unterschied hat Raffael gemacht, daß in diesem einzigen Kinde der Sixtinischen Madonna etwas lebt, was ein rein Geistiges, ein Christushaftes schon im voraus erlebt.

So ist Raffael ein Herold, der verkündet hat den geistigen Christus, der von der Geisteswissenschaft wieder erfaßt wird. Und durch die Geisteswissenschaft erfahren wir, daß es nun wiederum dieselbe Individualität ist, die in Elias und Johannes dem Täufer gelebt hat, die auch in Raffael lebte. Und wir lernen verstehen, daß die Welt, innerhalb welcher er war als Johannes der Täufer, wieder aufersteht in Raffael dadurch, daß er andeutet, in welcher Beziehung er zu dem historischen ChristusEreignis steht, indem er an einem Karfreitag geboren wird.

Da finden wir das dritte Heroldtum nach Elias und Johannes dem Täufer. Jetzt verstehen wir mancherlei von den Fragen, die der Weiterblickende aufwerfen muß, wenn wir hinblicken auf die Gestalt Johannes des Täufers. Er stirbt den Märtyrertod, bevor das Ereignis von Golgatha herannaht, er macht mit die Zeit der Morgenröte des Mysteriums von Golgatha, die Zeit der Prophezeiungen, der Vorhersage, gleichsam die Zeit des Frohlockens, er macht aber nicht mit die Zeit der Klage, des Leides. Wenn sich diese Gemütsstimmung nun fortpflanzt in die Persönlichkeit des Raffael hinein, finden wir es da nicht begreiflich, daß Raffael mit so großer Hingabe Madonnenbilder, Kinderbilder malt, verstehen wir da nicht, warum er keinen Verrat des Judas, keine Kreuztragung, kein Golgatha, keinen Ölberg malt? Die in dieser Art existierenden Bilder müssen auf Bestellung gemacht sein, in ihnen drückt sich wirklich nicht das Wesen Raffaels aus. Warum liegen gerade diese Bilder nicht in Raffael? Weil er als Johannes der Täufer nicht mehr mitgemacht hat das Mysterium von Golgatha.

Und dann, wenn man so betrachtet die Gestalt des Raffael, der durch die Jahrhunderte gelebt hat und heute noch lebt, und nun den Blick wendet auf das, was heute noch da ist und was schon zerstört ist von seinen Werken, und wenn man sich überlegt, daß alles, was im Materiellen da ist, den Weg der Vergänglichkeit gehen muß, dann weiß man gut, daß dasjenige, was in diesen Bildern lebt, aufgenommen sein wird, ehe sie vergehen, in die Seelen der Menschen. Es werden ja für viele Jahrhunderte Reproduktionen da sein, aber dasjenige, was doch nur eine Vorstellung geben kann von der Persönlichkeit Raffaels, von dem, was Raffael war, was er selber gemacht hat, das zerstiebt, das wird Staub sein, vergangen werden sie sein, seine Werke. Und nichts Irdisches, nichts auf unserer Erde ist imstande, das zu erhalten.

Uns aber wird durch die Geisteswissenschaft klar, daß das, was in Raffael als Individualität lebt, dasjenige, was sie sich erarbeitet hat, weiterträgt, und daß dieses Erarbeitete wieder erscheint mit ihr. Und wenn wir erfahren, daß diese selbe Individualität wiedererscheint in dem Dichter Novalis, und wenn wir nun des Novaliis erste Verkündigung nehmen, die wie eine Morgenröte einer neuen lebendigen Christus-Idee erscheint, dann sagen wir uns: Lange bevor in der äußeren Welt verschwindet, was Raffael geleistet hat, lange vorher ist die Individualität dieser Persönlichkeit wieder da, um in neuer Form zu geben dasjenige, was sie der Menschheit zu geben hat. Wie gut war es, daß eine Zeitlang die abendländische Kultur nur die abgegrenzte Persönlichkeit betrachtet, daß wir eine Persönlichkeit schon durch ihr Einzelleben lieben gelernt haben! Wie unendlich bereichert wird nun unser Gemüt, wenn wir lernen, wie das Ewige des Menschen von Persönlichkeit zu Persönlichkeit geht! Und wenn uns diese Persönlichkeiten noch so verschieden erscheinen, irgendwo werden wir Verständnis finden durch dasjenige, was spirituelles Wissen uns geben kann an konkreten Tatsachen über menschliche Wiederverkörperung und Karma. Nicht so sehr von den allgemeinen Begriffen und Lehren, sondern gerade von demjenigen, was Licht hineintragen kann in das einzelne, wird die Menschheit etwas haben. Dann kann so mancherlei, das nur durch intuitives Schauen und durch die okkulte Forschung erlangt werden kann, sich an diese Dinge anschließen, dann können wir endlich hinrichten den Blick auf das Mysterium von Golgatha selber, können uns erinnern, daß im dreißigsten Jahre des Lebens des Jesus von Nazareth in ihn die Christus-Wesenheit einzog und durch das Mysterium von Golgatha gegangen ist.

Wenn man heute davon spricht, daß die Christus-Wesenheit nicht mehr in einem fleischlichen Leibe sich verkörpern kann, so muß man sagen, daß das eigentlich überhaupt niemals behauptet worden ist. Denn auch damals war der fleischliche Leib die Hülle des Jesus von Nazareth, in die hineinsteigt die geistige Christus-Wesenheit. Es ist da nicht wie bei anderen Individualitäten, die sich ihren Leib selbst bauen; sondern in den Leib, den der Jesus von Nazareth vorbereitet hatte, senkte sich die Christus-Wesenheit erst später hinein. Allerdings verschmolz sie dann mit ihm. Wir können da also auch eigentlich nicht von einer fleischlichen Verkörperung des Christus sprechen. Das sind Dinge, die für den Kenner selbstverständlich sind.

Aber nun wissen wir, daß durch diesen Christus-Impuls etwas auf die Erde gekommen ist, etwas eingeflossen ist in die Menschheit, das der ganzen Menschheit zugute kommt, indem es ausströmt in die Menschheitskulturen. So daß dasjenige, was durch den Tod ging, wie ein Samenkorn ist, das sich vermehrt und in die einzelnen Seelen der Menschen hineinkommen und aufgehen kann. Da wir nun wissen, daß die Christus-Wesenheit, die durch den Tod ging und dadurch sich in die Erde hineinsenkte, aufgenommen wurde von dem Leibe des Jesus von Nazareth, fragen wir uns: Was wird denn daraus, wenn die Erde an ihrem Ziel, an ihrem Ende angekommen sein wird? - Der Christus, der sich aus Erdenfernen näherte und sich mit der Erde verband, er wird an ihrem Ziel das Reale sein auf der Erde, er wird der Geist der Erde sein. Der ist er zwar jetzt auch schon, nur werden dann die Menschenseelen von ihm durchdrungen sein, die Menschen werden ein Ganzes mit ihm bilden.

Jetzt fragen wir etwas anderes. Wir haben gelernt, daß wir als Maja zu betrachten haben den Menschen in seiner Gestalt auf der Erde. Diese Gestalt versprüht mit dem Tode, ein Scheinbild ist, was als äußere Gestalt des menschlichen Leibes vor dem Menschen dasteht. Sie wird nicht bleiben, die äußere Gestalt des physischen Leibes, ebensowenig wie die physischen Leiber der Pflanzen, der Tiere und die Mineralien bleiben werden. Die physischen Leiber werden übergehen in dasjenige, was zersprüht, was Weltenstaub wird. Das, was man sieht, die physische Erde, wird völlig verschwunden sein, wird nicht mehr da sein. Und die Ätherleiber? Sie haben nur einen Sinn, solange sie physische Leiber zu erneuern haben; auch sie werden nicht mehr vorhanden sein. Wenn nun die Erde an ihr Ziel gekommen sein wird, was wird dann von alledem da sein, was der Mensch sieht? Nichts mehr, gar nichts mehr wird da sein, nichts von ihm selbst, nichts von den anderen Wesen der übrigen Naturreiche. Wenn das Geistige frei sein wird, wird von der Materie nichts als ungeformter Staub da sein, denn nur der Geist ist wirklich. Aber eines ist dann wirklich geworden, das früher gar nicht vereint war mit der Erde, mit dem sich die menschlichen Seelen vereinen werden, eines ist dann wirklich: der Christus-Geist. Er wird das einzige Reale sein, was bleiben kann von der Erde.

Aber wie kommt dieser Christus-Geist zu seinen geistigen Hüllen? Zu den Hüllen, in denen er dann weiter wirken wird?

Er ist als Impuls, gleichsam als die Seele der Erde heruntergestiegen in die Erdensphäre bei dem Mysterium von Golgatha. Auch bei dem Christus-Wesen muß sich etwas bilden, was man seine Hüllen nennen könnte. Woraus nimmt sich eine solche Wesenheit ihre Hüllen? Nicht so wie beim Menschen geschieht das, aber auch der Christus wird eine Art vergeistigten physischen Leibes, eine Art Ätherleib und eine Art Astralleib haben. Woraus werden diese Leiber bestehen?

Das sind Dinge, die vorläufig nur angedeutet werden können. Der Christus ist durch die Taufe im Jordan ja herabgestiegen in die Hüllen des Jesus von Nazareth. Diese hat er benützt, in ihnen hat er gelebt, in ihnen hat er das Abendmahl mit seinen Jüngern genossen, in ihnen hat er Gethsemane durchlebt, in ihnen ist er beschimpft und verhöhnt worden, in ihnen hat er das Mysterium von Golgatha durchgemacht. Dann ist er auferstanden und lebt seitdem als Geistiges der Erde mit ihr verbunden; er schafft sich etwas Ähnliches, wie es der Mensch in seiner Umhüllung hat. Nach und nach gliedert sich im Laufe der Epochen um den ursprünglichen, rein geistigen Christus-Impuls, der in der Johannestaufe herniederstieg, etwas herum, das wie ein Astralleib, Ätherleib und physischer Leib ist. Alle diese Hüllen werden aus Kräften gebildet, die von der Menschheit auf der Erde entwickelt werden müssen. Welche Kräfte sind das?

Die Kräfte der äußeren Wissenschaften können dem Christus keinen Leib geben, man erfährt durch sie nur etwas über Dinge, die verschwunden sein werden in der Zukunft, die später nicht mehr vorhanden sein werden. Eines aber geht der Erkenntnis voraus, was für die Seele einen unendlich höheren Wert hat als die Erkenntnis selbst. Das ist dasjenige, was die griechischen Philosophen als den Anfang aller Philosophie ansahen: das Verwundern oder das Erstaunen. Sind wir zum Erkennen gekommen, dann ist eigentlich schon vorbei, was in der Seele Wert hat. Die Menschen, die sich verwundern können über die großen Erkenntnisse und Wahrheiten der geistigen Welt, die prägen sich ein dieses Gefühl der Verwunderung, und was sie sich da einprägen, das bildet im Laufe der Zeiten eine Kraft, die eine Anziehungskraft für den Christus-Impuls bedeutet, die heranzieht den Christus-Geist: der Christus-Impuls verbindet sich mit der einzelnen Seele des Menschen, insoweit sich die Seele über die Geheimnisse der Welt verwundern kann. Der Christus nimmt seinen astralischen Leib aus der Erdenentwickelung aus all den Gefühlen, die als Verwunderung in den einzelnen Seelen der Menschen gelebt haben.

Das zweite, was die Menschenseelen ausbilden müssen, wodurch sie den Christus-Impuls heranziehen, das sind alle Gefühle des Mitleids. Und jedesmal, wenn ein Gefühl des Mitleids oder der Mitfreude in der Seele entwickelt ist, so bildet das eine Anziehungskraft für den ChristusImpuls, und der Christus verbindet sich durch Mitleid und Liebe mit der Seele des Menschen. Mitleid und Liebe sind die Kräfte, aus denen der Christus sich seinen Ätherleib formt bis zum Ende der Erdenentwickelung. Mit Bezug auf Mitleid und Liebe könnte man geradezu von einem Programm sprechen - wenn man grob sprechen wollte -, das die Geisteswissenschaft erfüllen muß in der Zukunft. Der Materialismus hat es heute auf diesem Gebiete sogar — was niemals vorher auf der Erde geschehen ist — zu einer schändlichen Wissenschaft gebracht. Das Schlimmste, was geleistet wird heute, ist das Zusammenwerfen von Liebe und Sexualität. Das ist der schlimmste Ausdruck des Materialismus, das Teuflischste der Gegenwart. Die Dinge, die auf diesem Gebiet geleistet werden, sie werden erst herausgeschält werden müssen. Sexualität und Liebe haben gar nichts miteinander zu schaffen in ihrer wahren Bedeutung. Sexualität kann zur Liebe hinzukommen, hat aber mit der reinen, ursprünglichen Liebe überhaupt nichts zu tun. Die Wissenschaft hat es bis zur Schändlichkeit gebracht, indem sie eine ganze Literatur aufbrachte, die sich damit beschäftigt, diese beiden Dinge in Zusammenhang zu bringen, die gar nicht im Zusammenhang stehen.

Ein Drittes, das hereinzieht in die Menschenseele wie aus einer höheren Welt, das ist das Gewissen, dem sich der Mensch fügt, dem er einen höheren Wert beilegt als seinen eigenen, individuellen moralischen Instinkten. Mit ihm verbindet sich der Christus am innigsten: aus den Gewissensimpulsen der einzelnen Menschenseelen entnimmt der Christus seinen physischen Leib.

So wird ein Ausspruch in der Bibel sehr real, wenn man weiß, daß aus den Mitleids- und Liebegefühlen der Menschen der Lebensleib des Christus sich bildet: «Was ihr einem der geringsten meiner Brüder getan habt, das habt ihr mir getan», denn Christus bildet seinen Lebensleib bis ans Ende der Erdentwickelung aus Mitleid und Liebe der Menschen. Wie der Christus seinen astralischen Leib aus dem Verwundern und Erstaunen bildet, wie er seinen physischen Leib aus dem Gewissen bildet, so bildet er seinen Ätherleib aus den Gefühlen des Mitleids und der Liebe.

Warum können wir jetzt gerade diese Dinge sagen? Weil einmal ein großes Problem gelöst werden wird für die Menschen, nämlich die Christus-Gestalt auf den verschiedensten Gebieten des Lebens darzustellen, wie sie wirklich ist. Dann erst wird man sie schauen, wie sie ist, wenn man mancherlei von dem berücksichtigt, was Geistesforschung zu sagen hat; da darf man nicht zurückschauen auf dasjenige, was in Palästina war — da hat ja der Christus die Hüllen des Jesus benützt. Wenn man nach langem Vertiefen in die geisteswissenschaftliche Christus-Idee einmal versuchen wird, den Christus darzustellen, da wird man eine Gestalt bekommen, an der man erkennt, daß in seinem Antlitz etwas enthalten ist, woran sich alle Kunst abmühen kann, aber auch abmühen muß und wird: in seinem Antlitz wird dann etwas enthalten sein von dem Sieg der Kräfte, die nur im Antlitz sind, über alle anderen Kräfte der menschlichen Gestalt. Wenn die Menschen werden bilden können ein Auge, das lebt und nur Mitleid strahlt, einen Mund, der nicht geeignet ist, zu essen, sondern nur zum Sprechen jener Wahrheitsworte, die das auf des Menschen Zunge liegende Gewissen sind, und wenn eine Stirn gebildet werden kann, die nicht schön und hoch, sondern die in der deutlichen Ausgestaltung dessen schön ist, was sich nach vorn spannt zu dem, was wir die Lotusblume zwischen den Augen nennen - wenn einmal dies alles gebildet werden kann, dann wird gefunden werden, warum der Prophet sagt: «Er ist ohne Gestalt und Schöne.» Dies heißt nicht Schönheit, sondern es ist das, was siegen wird über die Verwesung: die Gestalt des Christus, wo alles Mitleid, alles Liebe, alles Gewissenspflicht ist.

Und so geht die Geisteswissenschaft als ein Kern hinüber in das menschliche Fühlen, in das menschliche Empfinden. Alle Lehren, welche die Geistesforschung zu geben vermag, bleiben nicht, sie verwandeln sich in unmittelbares Leben in der menschlichen Seele. Und die Früchte der Geisteswissenschaft werden allmählich Lebensverhältnisse sein, welche wie eine äußere Verkörperung erscheinen werden der Geisteserkenntnis selbst, dieser Seele der zukünftigen Menschheitsentwickelung, so wie sie werden muß.

Mit solchen Gedanken möchte ich einiges in Ihrer Seele angeschlagen haben, was angeschlagen werden kann, wenn man nicht mit trockenen Worten, sondern so gerne mit Gefühlsideen und Gefühlsnuancen sprechen möchte zu den geisteswissenschaftlich Strebenden, so daß diese Gefühlsnuancen und -ideen leben und wirken, damit sie draußen da sein können in der Welt. Wenn in den Herzen solche Gefühlsnuancen leben, so werden sie ein Quell von Wärme sein, die ausströmt in die ganze Menschheit. Und diejenigen, die daran glauben, werden auch an die Wirkung ihrer schönen Empfindungen glauben, werden glauben daran, daß eine jede Seele so empfinden - auch wenn sie das Karma nicht anweist, äußerlich davon Ausdruck zu geben und dadurch unsichtbare Wirkungen erzeugen kann, welche das, was durch die Geisteswissenschaft in die Welt kommen soll, wirklich in die Welt bringen.

Das ist dasjenige, was ich so gerne bei dieser meiner diesmaligen Anwesenheit in Köln als ein Gefühl bei Ihnen hervorgerufen haben möchte.

Advance Announcement and Heraldry of the Christ Impulse The Christ Spirit and His Veils: A Pentecost Message

Today calls for an introduction to our reflections. For it is the day that we in the Theosophical Movement call the “White Lotus Day,” which reminds us every year of the departure from the physical plane of Mrs. Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, the founder of the Theosophical Movement in modern times. And it is probably only necessary to strike a chord that is present in every soul here today to evoke feelings and sensations of admiration, reverence, and gratitude toward that individuality which dwelt on earth in Mrs. Blavatsky and has renewed and sharpened people's view of the ancient sacred mysteries of humanity, from which everything that spiritual development needs in terms of forces and impulses has always emerged for human beings. Understanding the task of the modern age, H. P. Blavatsky was able to present the mystery wisdom that was accessible to her in a popular form, so that this popular form differs from the way in which mystery wisdom has flowed into human work and creativity through secret channels and currents. This is precisely the significance of the modern era in this regard, that what was previously accessible only to a few must now be given in a more general form. And it was Mrs. Blavatsky's mission to act first in accordance with this trend of the modern era. In doing so, she directed people's attention to something that was indeed sacred at all times to those who knew about it. That this is so will now be made clear at the outset of our present consideration by presenting the poetry of a thinker whom the great mass of educated people only know, or rather do not know, as a dry, conceptual thinker, only as a builder and architect of far, far-remote ideas. But that this thinker possessed within himself as the warmest feeling that which he apparently gave only in crystalline structures of ideas, and that ideas alone are not the garment for that which comes from his heart, he shows us in a poem which he addresses to the sacred mysteries.

Hegel—who can be called the thinker of Europe—has become so well known to modern educated people that even today one can still find many uncut books by him in libraries. He left us a poem written with heart and soul. I am referring to the poem “Eleusis,” which will now be recited by Miss von Sivers. With this poem, we wish to pay tribute from the culture of Central Europe to the spirit of H. P. Blavatsky.

"Eleusis”

To Hölderlin

Around me, within me, there is peace. The busy people
Never tired, worry sleeps. They give me freedom
And leisure. Thank you, my
Liberator, O night! - With white mist
The moon envelops the uncertain boundaries
Of the distant hills. The bright strip
Of the lake flashes over.
The tedious noise of the day is a distant memory,
As if years lay between it and now.
Your image, beloved, appears before me,
And the joy of days gone by. But soon it gives way
To sweeter hopes of reunion.
Already I can picture the long-awaited, fiery
embrace; then the scene of questions, of secret,
mutual spying,
What has changed here in my friend's demeanor, expression, disposition
since that time; - the joy of certainty,
of finding the old covenant still faithful, even more firm and mature,
the covenant that no oath sealed:
To live only for the free truth,
Peace with the law,
Which governs opinion and feeling, never, never to be broken!
Now the mind negotiates with sluggish reality,
Which carried me easily over mountains and rivers to you.
But soon a sigh proclaims their quarrel, and with it
The sweet fantasy dream flees.

My eyes rise to the vault of the eternal heavens,
To you, O shining star of the night!
And all desires, all hopes
flow forth from your eternity.
My mind loses itself in the vision,
what I called mine disappears.
I surrender myself to the immeasurable.
I am in it, I am everything, I am only it.
Alienated from recurring thoughts,
He dreads the infinite, and in wonder cannot comprehend
The depth of this vision.
The imagination brings the eternal closer to the senses.
It marries it with form. Welcome, you
Sublime spirits, lofty shadows,
From whose brows perfection shines,
He does not fear. I feel that this is also my home
The splendor, the solemnity that surrounds you.

Ha! If only the gates of your sanctuary would now spring open,
O Ceres, who reigns in Eleusis!
I feel intoxicated with enthusiasm
The thrill of your presence,
Understand your revelations.
I interpreted the high meaning of the images, heard
The hymns at the feast of the gods,
The lofty sayings of their council. But your halls are silent, O goddess!
The circle of the gods has fled to Olympus
Back from the desecrated altars,
Fled from the desecrated tomb of humanity
The genius of innocence that conjured them here.
The wisdom of your priests is silent. No sound of the sacred consecration
Has reached us, and in vain the researcher seeks
More than love for wisdom
For wisdom. They possess the seekers and despise you.
To master them, they dig for words,
In which your high mind was imprinted.
In vain! They catch only dust and ashes,
In which your life will never return to them.
But even in decay and lifelessness, they took pleasure
The eternally dead, the contented! - In vain! There remained
No sign of your strength, no trace of your image.
The son of consecration considered the wealth of high teachings,
The depth of inexpressible feelings far too sacred
that he deemed them worthy of dry signs.
The very thought is beyond the soul,
which, lost in time and space in a premonition of infinity,
forgets itself and now awakens to consciousness.
Whoever would speak of this to others,
even with the tongue of angels, would feel the poverty of words.
He is horrified to have thought so little of the sacred,
To have made it so small through her, that speech seems sinful to him,
And that he trembles and closes his mouth.
What the consecrated man forbade himself, a wise law forbade the poorer spirits
To reveal what they had seen, heard, and felt on that holy night,
What they saw, heard, and felt on that holy night.
Lest the noise of their folly disturb even the better ones
In their devotion; their hollow verbiage
Made him angry at the Holy One Himself, lest this
Be trampled in the mud, so that one would not
entrusted it to memory, that it would not
become a plaything and merchandise of the sophists,
who sold it for a pittance,
to become the cloak of the eloquent hypocrite, or even
the rod of the happy boy, and so empty
in the end that he would only live on in the echo
From foreign tongues would have the roots of his life.
Your sons carried it greedily, goddess,
They did not display your honor in the streets and markets, they kept it
In the inner sanctuary of their hearts.
Therefore you did not live on their lips.
Their lives honored you. You still live in their deeds.

This night too, holy deity, I heard you.
The lives of your children often reveal you to me,
I often sense you as the soul of their deeds!
You are the high spirit, the faithful belief,
which, even when all else perishes, does not waver.

I feel in complete harmony with the individuality of H. P. Blavatsky when, on this very day, a few words are spoken about her that are, one might say, the full, clear truth. It was her nature, when she was completely herself, to want above all else to be true. Therefore, we honor her best by turning our grateful thoughts to her and speaking a few words of the purest truth.

H. P. Blavatsky, in particular, showed in her wholeness, in her individuality, what inner strength, what powerful impulse was inherent in that spiritual movement we call the Theosophical Movement. To confirm this, one need only refer to H. P. Blavatsky's first major work, “Isis Unveiled.” This book really gives the ordinary reader the impression of a chaotic work in which everything is mixed up. But if someone picks up this work knowing that there is an ancient wisdom that has been guarded in the mysteries, that has been kept hidden from profane eyes throughout many ages, and knowing that this wisdom was prepared not in external human works but in secret societies, then they will still find chaos in the book, but they will also find something else. For the first time, they will find a work that courageously and boldly presents certain secrets of the mysteries to the profane world. And those who understand these things will find how infinitely much has been correctly interpreted, as only initiates could interpret it. The chaotic impression remains, and it can be explained by the following rational observation: The outer personality of H. P. Blavatsky, insofar as it was embodied in her physical body, with her intellect, her personal characteristics, her sympathies and antipathies, shows us in the way “Isis Unveiled” is written that she was absolutely unable to bring forth from her personality, from her own soul, that which she had to give to the world. She shares things that she herself could not have understood, and if one follows this line of thought further, it is proof that higher, spiritual individualities used the body and personality of H. P. Blavatsky to communicate what was necessary, what had to flow into humanity. Precisely because one cannot attribute to Blavatsky what she gave, this is living proof that those individualities who are associated with the theosophical movement, the masters of wisdom and harmony of feelings, found an instrument in her. Those who see clearly in these matters know that these things did not originate with her, but flowed through her from high spiritual individuals. Of course, this is not the place to discuss these matters in detail.

One might now raise the question, and it is often raised: Why did those high individuals choose Madame Blavatsky as their instrument? Because she was nevertheless the most suitable. Why was not one of the learned gentlemen who pursued comparative religious studies chosen as this instrument? We need only consider the greatest and most venerable expert on Eastern religious systems, the great Max Müller, and we will see from his own statements why he was unable to proclaim what had to be communicated through the human instrument of Madame Blavatsky. He had a peculiar opinion of what H. P. Blavatsky said about Eastern religious wisdom; he said: If you see a pig grunting somewhere on the street, you don't find it strange at all, but if a human being walks down the street grunting like a pig, you find it very strange. It should therefore be said that anyone who does not distort the meaning of the Eastern religious system in the sense of Max Müller is like a man who grunts like a pig. Nor does the comparison seem to me to contain much logic in other respects, for what reason would one be particularly astonished if a pig grunts; on the other hand, when a human being grunts, that is an art, not everyone can do it. This comparison is therefore somewhat lame, but the fact that it could be made at all shows that Max Müller was not the right person for the job.

Thus, a personality had to be chosen who was not particularly highly intellectual, and this naturally had all kinds of disadvantages. Mrs. Blavatsky brought all the sympathy and antipathy of her strongly passionate character into the great message. Now she had a strong antipathy toward the worldview that flows from the Old and New Testament documents; she had a strong antipathy toward the Hebrew and Christian elements. But one thing is necessary in order to recognize the original wisdom of humanity in its pure original form, and that is to face the revelations that come from the higher worlds with complete equanimity of feeling. Antipathy and sympathy form a kind of fog before our inner eye. Thus it came about that Mrs. Blavatsky was increasingly compelled to see a fog before her, and could clearly see only that which had passed through the so-called purely Aryan traditions. She saw this with particular clarity in its spiritual depths, but it made her one-sided, and so it came about that in her second great work, The Secret Doctrine, she presented the powerful, ancient Aryan religion in a one-sided manner. The mystery of Sinai and Golgotha should not be sought in Mrs. Blavatsky, because she was averse to it. Therefore, she was guided by powers that could give with great force and clarity everything that is non-Christian. This can be found in the wonderful “Dzyan” verses that Madame Blavatsky shared in The Secret Doctrine. But this also pushed her away from the path of initiation in the physical world, which does emerge in Isis Unveiled, but only in broken rays. In The Secret Doctrine, however, Madame Blavatsky could only portray — because she had undergone a one-sided initiation — this one-sided current, which was guided by that non-Christian worldview. Thus, The Secret Doctrine became a peculiar book containing the greatest revelations that humanity could receive at that time. It contains things that are also emphasized in another writing: in the letters of the “Masters of Wisdom and Harmony of Feelings,” the so-called Master Letters. There, one finds again something of the greatest importance that has been revealed to humanity. But there are also other parts of The Secret Doctrine. For example, there are detailed statements about the theory of mass. Precisely those who, out of a correct understanding, count the Dzyan verses and the Master Letters among the highest things communicated to humanity, have the impression from the extensive sections on the theory of mass that they originate from someone who suffered from a mania for writing, who always wrote down whatever came into his head and could not put down his pen. And other parts are where the deep, passionate nature speaks about scientific things without any precise knowledge of the subject. Thus, The Secret Doctrine is a jumbled book of things that should be discarded, but also of things of the highest wisdom. This becomes understandable when one compares it with the explanation of a profound expert and good acquaintance of Madame Blavatsky. He says: Madame Blavatsky was actually three things. First, she was a small, ugly woman with illogical thinking and a passionate character who was always annoyed about something, who was good-natured, loving, and compassionate, but by no means what one would call a gifted woman. Secondly, when the great truths spoke through her, she was a disciple of the great masters: then her features and gestures changed, she was a different person, and the spiritual worlds spoke through her. Then there was a third aspect, which was a regal appearance: awe-inspiring, towering above everything. This was in those rare moments when the masters themselves spoke through her and revealed themselves in her words and writings. Those who are inspired by a sense of truth will always carefully distinguish what is what, even in the works of Madame Blavatsky. No greater service could be done to Madame Blavatsky, to whom we turn our gaze today, than to recognize her in the light of truth; no greater service could be done to her than to lead the Theosophical movement in the light of truth.

It was only natural that an individual direction should have been taken at the outset of the theosophical movement; but it has become great and significant, it has become necessary to introduce another current into this theosophical movement. It has become necessary to add to the stream of the Theosophical movement what has been flowing from occult sources through the Rosicrucians since the 14th century and what was hidden from Madame Blavatsky.

Thus, today we have fulfilled the purpose of the theosophical movement by not only recognizing the Eastern creeds and worldviews, but also adding the worldviews that found expression in the revelations of Sinai and in the mystery of Golgotha. And perhaps one question may be raised today: Does breadth, a comprehensive understanding of the true impulse that should lie in the theosophical movement, lie in adding to H. P. Blavatsky, or does breadth lie in elevating a highly questionable special opinion to the status of dogma and describing this as breadth, as the comprehensiveness of the theosophical movement? For my part, I say openly: I know that we would be sinning against the spirit of H.P. Blavatsky, who is now in the spiritual world, if we follow the latter. I know that one does not sin against this spirit, but rather does it justice, if one does what it wants today: if one adds to the theosophical movement that which it was unable to give in the earthly body. And I know that I am not only not speaking against Mrs. Blavatsky, but in complete harmony with her when I say: I would like our Western current to come to the fore in this Theosophical movement. Many insights and truths have been added in recent years. Let us now assume, let us really assume that in fifty years everything will have to be corrected, let us assume that no stone of our spiritual edifice, as things are presented today, will be able to remain standing, that occult research will have to rectify everything from the ground up in the next fifty years — I would only have to characterize all this by saying: That may be, but one thing will remain of what we want here, and that this remains is the main aim of our Western theosophical movement. That one thing may be that people will say that there was a theosophical movement which wanted to bring to light nothing in the field of occultism except that which arose from the most unclouded, purest sense of truth. That is our aspiration, that this may one day be said. It is better not to say things that are still questionable than to deviate in any way from what can be justified in the purest sense of truth before all spiritual powers.

But this leads to something else, namely that here and there someone feels called upon to say: Why do you reject this or that which appears in the theosophical movement? That is not tolerant! Others may associate tolerance with a different concept, but we use these terms in such a way that we feel obliged to protect humanity from anything that cannot stand up to the pure sense of truth. Let people distort what we do, we will not waver; we will seek to fulfill our task by rejecting everything we must reject if we are to serve what has just been said. Therefore, but only then, when something comes into disharmony with our sense of truth, do we reject it. We know no other reasons, no other feelings. We will not indulge in empty phrases about equality of opinion, brotherhood, and so on; we will know that even love between people can only flourish if it is sincere and true. This desire to be animated by a pure sense of truth should be stated today, especially on this festive day.

The addition of new elements in this way has brought to light many things that can contribute to explaining the mysteries of the universe. These things are not said in order to cast any great culture or religious movement of humanity into the shadow of another. How often has it been mentioned that when we look at the first post-Atlantean period with its spiritual culture of the holy Rishis, we find within this first post-Atlantean cultural period something that was higher in spirituality than anything that followed. Nor do we wish to do Buddhism any injustice; we emphasize its merits and know that it has given humanity things that Christianity will only have to conquer in the future. But it is immensely significant that we repeatedly point out the

difference that arises precisely between Eastern and Western culture.

Eastern culture speaks only of individualities that have passed through development through various incarnations. For example, Eastern culture speaks of bodhisattvas and refers to them as individualities that pass through human development more quickly. But in doing so, it only considers what passes from incarnation to incarnation as individuality, and that in a particular incarnation such a bodhisattva becomes a Buddha. Then, when he has become a Buddha — which he can only do on earth — such a bodhisattva has progressed so far that he no longer needs to descend into a physical body. Thus, the further back we go, the more we focus on individuality and the less we emphasize the individual incarnation. We speak much more of the Buddha as a stage, a dignity that other bodhisattvas also attain in the course of their lives, than of the historical Buddha, Prince Shuddhodana.

In the West, however, it is different. We have gone through a culture in which we do not speak at all of individuality passing from life to life, but rather the individual personality has become valuable in Western culture. We speak of Socrates, Plato, Caesar, Goethe, Spinoza, Fichte, Raphael, Michelangelo, and think of them as incarnations. We do not speak of individuality that passes from incarnation to incarnation, but of personality; we speak only of one Socrates, one Plato, one Goethe, and so on, only of a single expression that this individuality has found. Western culture was determined to bring the individual personality to the fore, to shape it in a fresh and characteristic way, and to disregard that which passes from life to life as individuality. Now, however, we are once again beginning to recognize how eternal individuality passes through the individual personalities. Now we are experiencing how humanity is striving to look at what lives from personality to personality. This will mean a new firing of the human soul, a light bringing new understanding that will spread over human souls. What is to come, how the individual human personality will be understood, we can see in a single example.

Let us turn our gaze to a figure such as the prophet Elijah. At first glance, we see the prophet Elijah as an individual. But what is essential about the prophet Elijah is that he prepared the way in a certain way for the mystery of Golgotha. He pointed out that the Jahve impulse is something that can only be understood and grasped in the I. He was unable to point to the full significance of the human I; he is an intermediate stage in the recognition of the I between the Mosaic idea of Jehovah and the Christian idea of Christ. Thus, the prophet Elijah appears to us as a mighty herald, as a forerunner of the Christ impulse, of what happened through the mystery of Golgotha. And there he appears to us great and powerful.

And now let us go further and consider another figure. From the Western perspective, we are accustomed to viewing him as a single personality. Let us consider John the Baptist. The Western sense limits him to a personality. But we come to know him as the herald of Christ himself; we come to know him as he lived as the forerunner of Christ, as the one who first spoke the words: “Change your hearts, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.” He pointed entirely to what was to become the impulse through Golgotha: that a whole, divine being can be found in the human I, that the Christ I is to enter more and more into the human I, and that the impulse for this is near. Now we learn through spiritual scientific knowledge that what the Bible also hints at is true: that the same individuality that lived in the prophet Elijah lived in John the Baptist. So that the one who was to be the herald for Christ lived out his life as Elijah, returned as John the Baptist, and once again became the herald for Christ, as was appropriate for his time. Now these two figures are connected to us. The Eastern culture did it differently: it goes straight to the individualities and neglects the individual personality.

If we now turn our gaze further, we find that peculiar figure of the Middle Ages who was born — as if to indicate outwardly that he stands in a special relationship to the spiritual world — on Good Friday in 1483, and who passed away in his youth at the age of thirty-seven, having had such a powerful effect through what what he gave to humanity: the figure of Raphael. He was born on Good Friday, as if to indicate that he is connected with what is celebrated on Good Friday. What can the Western mind, in the sense of spiritual science, learn from the figure of Raphael? When we look at this figure through the lens of spiritual science, we can see that he did more for the spread of Christianity, for the establishment of an interdenominational Christianity in the hearts and minds of people, than all the theological interpreters, all the cardinals and popes of his time. What is written in the Acts of the Apostles may have stood before Raphael's eyes: How one man stands among the Athenians and says — even the gesture is depicted there —: Men of Athens, you have offered sacrifices to gods in outward signs. But there is a knowledge of that God who lives and works in all lives. This is Christ, who died and rose again, and thereby gave human beings the impulse to resurrection. Some did not listen, and others found it strange. In Raphael's mind, this became the image we find today in the Vatican, which bears the incorrect name “The School of Athens.” In reality, it shows the figure of Paul instructing the Athenians about the fundamental nature of Christianity. Raphael has given us something that appears to be a herald of Christianity standing above the confessions. Little of this has been understood so far; the deep meaning of this picture has not yet dawned on people.

If we look at Raphael's other paintings, we must say that nothing has truly remained of what the popes and cardinals of that time achieved and gave to humanity. Raphael worked in such a way at that time that it is only now truly alive. How little he was understood in earlier times can be seen from the fact that Goethe did not admire the Sistine Madonna in Dresden; for he had heard from the museum official what was the general opinion at the time, that the expression on the face of the infant Jesus was somewhat vulgar, that the two angels at the bottom could only have been painted by an amateur, and that the Madonna herself, as we see her, could not have been painted by Raphael, but must have been painted over. We can go through all the literature of the 18th century and find hardly anything about Raphael; even Voltaire does not mention him.

And today! Today, people can be Protestants or Catholics or anything else, but Raphael's paintings have an effect on all minds. One can see how in the Sistine Madonna a great cosmic mystery is imprinted on the hearts of men, and in the future it will be possible to build on this—if humanity is led to an interdenominational, broad, and comprehensive Christianity, which spiritual science already represents today—it will be possible to build on the fact that something as wonderfully mysterious as the Sistine Madonna has had such an effect on the human mind. I have often pointed out that when a person looks into the eyes of a child, they can know that something is looking out of those childlike eyes that did not come into existence at birth, something that allows the depths of the human soul to shine through. Anyone who looks at the children in Raphael's Madonna paintings sees that what looks out from their eyes is the divine, the hidden, the superhuman, which is still connected with the child in the first moments after birth. This can be observed in all of Raphael's paintings of children, with the exception of one. One picture of a child cannot be interpreted in this way, and that is the baby Jesus in the Sistine Madonna. Anyone who looks into the eyes of this child knows that more than what can be in a human being is already shining out of the eyes of this child. Raphael made this distinction: in this one child in the Sistine Madonna, something is alive that is purely spiritual, something Christ-like that has already been experienced in advance.

Thus Raphael is a herald who proclaimed the spiritual Christ, who is being rediscovered by spiritual science. And through spiritual science we learn that it is now the same individuality that lived in Elijah and John the Baptist that also lived in Raphael. And we learn to understand that the world in which he was as John the Baptist is resurrected in Raphael through his indication of his relationship to the historical Christ event by being born on Good Friday.

Here we find the third herald after Elijah and John the Baptist. Now we understand some of the questions that the far-sighted must ask when we look at the figure of John the Baptist. He dies a martyr's death before the events of Golgotha, he participates in the dawn of the mystery of Golgotha, the time of prophecies, of predictions, the time of rejoicing, so to speak, but he does not participate in the time of lamentation and suffering. If this mood is now carried over into Raphael's personality, is it not understandable that Raphael paints images of the Madonna and children with such devotion? Do we not understand why he does not paint Judas' betrayal, the carrying of the cross, Golgotha, or the Mount of Olives? The paintings that exist in this style must have been commissioned; they do not truly express the essence of Raphael. Why are these paintings not found in Raphael's oeuvre? Because, like John the Baptist, he no longer participated in the mystery of Golgotha.

And then, when one considers the figure of Raphael, who has lived through the centuries and still lives today, and now turns his gaze to what is still there today and what has already been destroyed of his works, and when one considers that everything that exists in the material world must follow the path of transience, then one knows well that what lives in these pictures will be absorbed into the souls of human beings before they pass away. Reproductions will exist for many centuries, but that which can only give an idea of Raphael's personality, of what Raphael was, of what he himself created, will crumble, will be dust, his works will be gone. And nothing earthly, nothing on our earth is capable of preserving that.

But spiritual science makes it clear to us that what lives in Raphael as individuality, what he has worked out, lives on, and that what he has worked out reappears with him. And when we learn that this same individuality reappears in the poet Novalis, and when we now take Novalis's first proclamation, which appears like the dawn of a new living Christ idea, then we say to ourselves: Long before what Raphael has accomplished disappears from the outer world, long before, the individuality of this personality is back to give in a new form what it has to give to humanity. How good it was that for a time Western culture only considered the limited personality, that we learned to love a personality through its individual life! How infinitely enriched our minds will be when we learn how the eternal nature of the human being passes from one personality to another! And even if these personalities still seem so different to us, we will find understanding somewhere through what spiritual knowledge can give us in concrete facts about human reincarnation and karma. It is not so much from general concepts and teachings that humanity will benefit, but precisely from that which can bring light into the individual. Then many things that can only be attained through intuitive vision and occult research can be connected with these things, and we can finally fix our gaze on the mystery of Golgotha itself and remember that in the thirtieth year of the life of Jesus of Nazareth, the Christ being entered into him and passed through the mystery of Golgotha.

When we speak today of the Christ Being no longer being able to incarnate in a physical body, we must say that this has never actually been claimed. For even then, the physical body was the shell of Jesus of Nazareth, into which the spiritual Christ Being entered. It is not like other individualities that build their own bodies; rather, the Christ Being descended into the body that Jesus of Nazareth had prepared only later. However, it then merged with him. So we cannot really speak of a physical embodiment of Christ. These are things that are self-evident to those who know.

But now we know that through this Christ impulse something has come to earth, something has flowed into humanity that benefits all of humanity by streaming out into the cultures of humanity. So that what passed through death is like a seed that multiplies and can enter and blossom in the individual souls of human beings. Now that we know that the Christ being, who passed through death and thereby sank into the earth, was taken up by the body of Jesus of Nazareth, we ask ourselves: What will become of this when the earth has reached its goal, its end? Christ, who approached from afar and connected with the earth, will be the reality on earth when it reaches its goal; he will be the spirit of the earth. He is already this now, but then the souls of human beings will be permeated by him, and human beings will form a whole with him.

Now we ask something else. We have learned that we must regard human beings in their form on Earth as Maya. This form disappears with death; it is an illusion, the outer form of the human body that stands before us. It will not remain, the outer form of the physical body, any more than the physical bodies of plants, animals, and minerals will remain. The physical bodies will pass into that which disperses, which becomes world dust. That which we see, the physical earth, will have completely disappeared, will no longer be there. And the etheric bodies? They have only one purpose, as long as they have physical bodies to renew; they too will no longer exist. When the earth has reached its goal, what will remain of all that man sees? Nothing, nothing at all will remain, nothing of himself, nothing of the other beings of the other natural kingdoms. When the spiritual is free, nothing will remain of matter but unformed dust, for only the spirit is real. But one thing will then have become real which was not previously united with the earth, with which the human souls will unite; one thing will then be real: the Christ Spirit. It will be the only real thing that can remain of the earth.

But how does this Christ Spirit come to have its spiritual shells? The shells in which it will then continue to work?

He descended into the earthly sphere as an impulse, as the soul of the earth, so to speak, during the Mystery of Golgotha. Something must also form in the Christ Being that could be called his envelopes. From where does such a being take its envelopes? It does not happen in the same way as with human beings, but Christ will also have a kind of spiritualized physical body, a kind of etheric body and a kind of astral body. What will these bodies consist of?

These are things that can only be hinted at for the time being. Through his baptism in the Jordan, Christ descended into the shell of Jesus of Nazareth. He used this shell, lived in it, enjoyed the Last Supper with his disciples in it, lived through Gethsemane in it, was insulted and mocked in it, and went through the mystery of Golgotha in it. Then he rose again and has since lived as a spiritual being connected to the earth; he creates something similar to what human beings have in their enveloping bodies. Gradually, over the course of the epochs, something like an astral body, an etheric body, and a physical body forms around the original, purely spiritual Christ impulse that descended at the baptism of John. All these envelopes are formed from forces that must be developed by humanity on Earth. What forces are these?

The forces of the external sciences cannot give Christ a body; through them we only learn about things that will disappear in the future, that will no longer exist later on. But there is something that precedes knowledge, something that has an infinitely higher value for the soul than knowledge itself. This is what the Greek philosophers regarded as the beginning of all philosophy: wonder or amazement. Once we have attained knowledge, what has value in the soul is actually already over. People who are capable of wonder at the great insights and truths of the spiritual world imprint this feeling of wonder upon themselves, and what they imprint upon themselves forms, in the course of time, a force that attracts the Christ impulse, drawing the Christ spirit toward itself: The Christ impulse connects with the individual soul of the human being to the extent that the soul is capable of being amazed by the mysteries of the world. Christ takes His astral body from the evolution of the earth, from all the feelings that have been lived as amazement in the individual souls of human beings.

The second thing that human souls must develop in order to attract the Christ impulse is all feelings of compassion. And every time a feeling of compassion or joy is developed in the soul, it forms an attractive force for the Christ impulse, and Christ connects himself to the human soul through compassion and love. Compassion and love are the forces from which Christ forms his etheric body until the end of Earth's development. With regard to compassion and love, one could even speak of a program—if one wanted to put it crudely—that spiritual science must fulfill in the future. Materialism has even brought this field to a shameful state of science today, something that has never happened before on Earth. The worst thing being done today is the conflation of love and sexuality. This is the worst expression of materialism, the most diabolical thing of the present age. The things that are being done in this field will first have to be weeded out. Sexuality and love have nothing to do with each other in their true meaning. Sexuality can be added to love, but it has nothing to do with pure, original love. Science has brought itself to the point of disgrace by producing a whole literature that deals with bringing these two things together, which have nothing to do with each other.

A third thing that draws into the human soul as if from a higher world is conscience, to which man submits himself, to which he attaches a higher value than his own individual moral instincts. Christ is most intimately connected with this: Christ draws his physical body from the impulses of conscience of individual human souls.

Thus, a saying in the Bible becomes very real when one knows that the life body of Christ is formed from the feelings of compassion and love of human beings: “Whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me,” for Christ forms his life body until the end of the Earth's evolution out of the compassion and love of human beings. Just as Christ forms his astral body out of wonder and amazement, and his physical body out of conscience, so he forms his etheric body out of feelings of compassion and love.

Why can we say these things now? Because one day a great problem will be solved for human beings, namely, to portray the Christ figure in the most diverse areas of life as he really is. Only then will people see him as he is, when they take into account many things that spiritual research has to say; then they must not look back to what happened in Palestine — for there Christ used the outer shell of Jesus. When, after long immersion in the spiritual scientific idea of Christ, one tries to portray Christ, one will arrive at a figure in whose face one recognizes something that all art can strive for, but must and will strive for: in his face there will then be something of the victory of the forces that are only in the face over all other forces of the human form. When human beings are able to form an eye that lives and radiates only compassion, a mouth that is not suitable for eating but only for speaking those words of truth that are the conscience lying on the human tongue, and when a forehead can be formed that is not beautiful and high, but beautiful in the clear formation of what stretches forward to what we call the lotus flower between the eyes—if all this can be formed, then it will be found why the prophet says: “He is without form and beauty.” This is not beauty, but it is that which will triumph over decay: the form of Christ, where all compassion, all love, all duty of conscience is.

And so spiritual science passes as a core into human feeling, into human perception. All the teachings that spiritual research can give do not remain static; they are transformed into immediate life in the human soul. And the fruits of spiritual science will gradually be life conditions that appear as an outer embodiment of spiritual knowledge itself, of this soul of the future development of humanity, as it must be.

With such thoughts, I would like to have struck something in your soul that can be struck when one wishes to speak to those who are striving for spiritual science, not with dry words, but rather with ideas and nuances of feeling, so that these nuances and ideas of feeling live and work, so that they can be out there in the world. When such emotional nuances live in the hearts, they will be a source of warmth that flows out into the whole of humanity. And those who believe in this will also believe in the effect of their beautiful feelings, will believe that every soul feels this way — even if karma does not instruct it to express this outwardly — and can thereby produce invisible effects that truly bring into the world what is to come into the world through spiritual science.

That is what I would like to evoke in you as a feeling during my visit to Cologne this time.