Donate books to help fund our work. Learn more→

The Rudolf Steiner Archive

a project of Steiner Online Library, a public charity

On the Fifth Gospel
GA 148

13 January 1914, Berlin

Lecture X

It seems to me that our studies of what I have allowed myself to call the “Fifth Gospel” will have helped us to form a closer conception of what has so often been said regarding the evolution of humanity on the Earth and the influence of the Mystery of Golgotha upon this evolution. From very many angles we have also tried to elucidate what came to pass at the baptism by John in the Jordan, when the Christ being united with Jesus of Nazareth, and this has brought home to us the vital significance of the Mystery of Golgotha in the evolution of mankind. But now, having heard the story of the youth of Jesus of Nazareth as it is revealed to spiritual-scientific investigation, we may be able to picture how Jesus of Nazareth makes his way to John the Baptist when the Christ is to descend into him.

With the knowledge gathered from these detailed studies of the Fifth Gospel, we will now try to enter more deeply still into all that is connected with the Mystery of Golgotha. To-day we will think, primarily, of the figure of John the Baptist and of certain aspects of his mission. To understand John the Baptist and Christ Jesus' relation to him (there are indications of this, too, in the Gospel of St. John) it will be necessary to think of the character of the spiritual life from which John the Baptist had issued. It is, of course, the world of ancient Hebrew culture. And now let us consider once again all the essential features of this culture. It had, as we know, a special mission in the evolution of humanity. We remember that Earth-evolution has proceeded from the Saturn-, Sun- and Moon-evolutions and that during this Earth-evolution the Ego, or “I” is added to those principles of man's being—physical body, etheric body, astral body—which came over from the earlier stages. The “I”, however, cannot unfold as an active principle all at once. Indeed the purpose of the Whole of Earth-evolution is to enable the “I” to develop in such a way that man may find his place in the stream of Eternity. Realising this, we must regard the Earth as the theatre in the Cosmos that is allotted to man for the development of the “I”. Ancient Hebrew culture venerated Jahveh or Jehovah az the Being of the higher Hierarchies under whose influence it had been established. The biblical story of Creation shows very clearly how the first Elohim—Jahve or Jehovah—issues from the sevenfold Elohim, the sevenfold host of the Beings of that Hierarchy. By way of comparison lot us say that just as the whole human organism develops into its highest expression in the head, so are the seven Elohim represented in one of themselves, in Jahve or Jehovah who becomes the leading Being in Earth-evolution. Ancient Hebrew culture recognised this and worshipped Jehovah, seeing in him that Being of the higher Hierarchies with whom man must be related in order to unfold the “I”. Ancient Hebrew culture represented a definite stage, in the process of the development of the “I”' in mankind and the influence of Jehovah was felt to be such that by establishing relationship with him, the “I” could gradually be awakened. This is connected with what I said in the lectures at Leipzig. (Lecture-Course XXXI. Christ and the Spiritual World)

What is the nature of the being Jahve or Jehovah? We must conceive hi as a Being who is most intimately connected with Earth-evolution. He is the Lord, the Regent of the Earth, or better said, he is the Being whom Hebrew antiquity regards as the Lord of Regent of the Earth. The whole of ancient Hebrew culture looks upon Jehovah as the God of the Earth, conceives the this Divine-Spiritual Regent is interwoven with the Earth and that men who aspire to be conscious of their connection with the Universe as beings of Earth must cleave to Jehovah, the God of the Earth. The ancient Hebrew conception that Jehovah had made man out of Earth is expressed by the very name given to the original man—“Adam”—that is to say, the ‘being who was created from Earth’. And whereas the aspirations of neighbouring religious systems were directed to that which does not derive from the Earth but comes into the Earth from higher worlds, whereas these neighbouring religions sought in the higher worlds for the Gods they worshipped, the ancient Hebrews sought and worshipped their God Jehovah in the realm of the Earth and its Elements.

Certain peoples of antiquity looked to the stars—their religion was “'astral” religion. Other peoples observed the forces manifesting in thunder and lightening and asked: How are the Divine-Spiritual Beings expressing themselves here? The religions of the peoples around the ancient Hebrews took their symbols from phenomena connected with the stars or the atmosphere beyond the Earth; they sought in these spheres for the signs indicating man's connection with the super-earthly reality. It was inherent in the nature of the ancient Hebrews to think of themselves as connected wholly and entirely with what comes from the Earth. This is a point to which far too little attention is paid. All the indications show that connection of the ancient Jews with the Earth, with what originates from the Earth. If in a phenomenon produced by the forces of the Earth. If in certain volcanic districts of Italy a piece of paper is lighted, clouds of smoke at once come out of the ground. We must conceive the pillar of fire to be a phenomenon produced by the forces of the interior of the Earth. In the same way the column of water or mist must by thought of as originating in the wilderness, not in the upper atmosphere. We must also look for the origin of the Great Flood itself in forces which surge in and through the Earth; the Flood was the result of tellurian, not of cosmic causes. This was at the bottom of the protest put up by the ancient Hebrews against the neighbouring peoples—for the God of Hebrew antiquity was the God of the Earth. The ancient Hebrews felt that everything coming from above, from outside the earth, did not really belong to the mission of Earth-evolution; they conceived it as having been preserved in Earth-evolution by the Being who had remained at a backward stage during the Old Moon-period, namely, Lucifer. In the other religions men felt: We must look away from the Earth, out in the Cosmos; we must revere and worship that which has its origin in the forces of the Cosmos... But the ancient Hebrews said: We worship the one true God and the one true God is connected with the Earth.—Far too little notice is taken of this because at the present time people assume that a word like “God” must always imply the same. Because, after nearly two thousand years of development under the influence of the Christ Impulse, humanity now rightly looks upwards once again, it is thought that the ancient Hebrews, too, looked upwards. On the contrary! The ancient Hebrews felt that what came from above was symbolised in the Serpent of Paradise.

But the Jews absorbed a very great deal from the neighbouring peoples. This too is comprehensible. Of all religions in antiquity, theirs was the subtlest. They believed—and this is well-nigh incredible to the modern mind that Jehovah is an Earth God, who works in the Moon-forces that are connected with the Earth and who is therefore also a Moon God, as described in the book Occult Science. It seems incredible to-day that men can ever have looked towards the centre of the Earth when they spoke of their God, but it was indeed so. Nevertheless the impulse to look upwards was, in the nature of things, not entirely absent from the Jews, above all when they saw the neighbouring peoples worshipping what comes from above. But the great difference between those who had knowledge of the Jewish secret doctrine and those who had not, was this.—The former knew that it was a temptation to be obedient to laws other than the laws of those forces which work from the Earth as far as the Moon-sphere. (Certain elements that come to light again to-day in our own spiritual-scientific teachings were present in ancient Hebraic wisdom). But as the time of the Mystery of Golgotha approached, Hebrew culture was veering more and more from its original direction and looking upwards for the Gods.

Then came one who felt it his mission to point to the path which the Jews ought, in reality to follow. This was John the Baptist. He felt it his mission to bring home to the Jews, where their true strength lay. And perceiving what the religion of the Jews had become, he spoke the significant words: “You call yourselves children of Abraham! If you were Abraham's children you would know that your God Jehovah who is the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, is a God of the Earth—as witnessed by the fact that he formed the first man out of the Earth. But you are no longer children of Abraham; you have allowed yourselves to be led astray by what other peoples believe; you have been led astray by those who look upwards by what belongs to the Serpent. Ye are of the brood of the Serpent.

These words of John the Baptist are of deep significance. If only people to-day would be a little more candid and admit that they do not really understand what they read! What is the expression “generation of vipers” taken to mean to-day? That John was heaping abuse! But if it is desired to make a deep appeal to human souls, no particular purpose is served by invective. Neither can it be said that John the Baptist's words gave vent to a divine wrath within him—for others too may voice their divine wrath. The meaning here is that John the Baptist was striving to bring home to the Jews: “You no longer understand your true mission; you no longer call upon the forces of the Earth but upon the forces of the Serpent, upon what has been made known to you as the Serpent.”

And now let us try to understand the attitude of John the Baptist. Had he not his reasons for speaking in this way to those who came to him at the Jordan? (This is not derived from the Fifth Gospel for in speaking of the content of the Fifth Gospel we have not yet come to the figure of John the Baptist, I am speaking now from other sources). He had his reasons for speaking as he did to those who came to him at the Jordan, for he observed that they had adopted certain customs of the heathen; the very names they gave to these customs were abhorrent to him. In the region where John the Baptist was preaching, certain ancient teachings were prevalent—somewhat to the following effect.—At the beginning of the evolution of humanity, man and the higher animals were endowed by Jahve with the power of breathing air, but in consequence of the deed of Lucifer, this power was contaminated. Only those animals which do not breathe air have remained uncontaminated, namely the fishes. Many people went to the waters of the Jordan (indeed it happens to this very day) at a certain season of the year and shook their clothes in order that their sins might be cast to the fishes and carried away. John the Baptist had witnessed such customs which had been adopted from the heathen peoples and this was in his mind when he cried: “You have understood more of the Serpent than of Jehovah; you call yourselves unlawfully the children of Jahve, the children of Abraham. I say unto you that the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob could return to his original mission and produce from the stones, that is to say, from the Earth, a race of men who would understand him better.”

Let us think of such words in the Bible as:“God is able of these stones to raise up children of Abraham.” In the language of those days many words had more than one meaning and were used with the deliberate purpose of indicating a deeper meaning lying underneath. But we cannot really understand these things, my dear friends, unless we connect what has here been said with the mission of Paul. I have spoken many times of the mission of Paul. Why was it that Paul, who had not allowed his experiences in Jerusalem to convince him of the significance of the Mystery of Golgotha—why was it that the Event at Damascus convinced him of the truth of Christ's Resurrection? We must here consider the manner of Paul's preparation, and his background. Schooled as he was in the wisdom of the Jewish Prophets, he knew that up to a certain point of time the evolution of humanity involved adherence to the God of the Earth; but he also knew that a time must come when the “Above”, that which comes into the Earth from super-earthly worlds, would again assume significance. It is of the utmost importance to realise that before Christ entered into the Aura of the Earth through the Mystery of Golgotha, He dwelt in supersensible regions of the Cosmos. We can study the religions whose worship was directed to the Powers of super-earthly worlds and discover how the Christ worked in those spheres before He passed into the Aura of the Earth through the body of Jesus of Nazareth. Paul knew that this time would come; but before the Event at Damascus he had not perceived Christ's actual presence in the Aura of the Earth. He was, however, prepared for this, and in Corinthians II., Chapter 12, verses 1-5, he says: It is not expedient for me to boast: I will come to visions and revelations of the Lord. I know a man in Christ above 14 years ago... and so on. Paul is, of course, referring to himself. What does he really say in this passage? Nothing else than that 14 years before (chronologically this would be about 6 years before the Mystery of Golgotha) he was already able to look clairvoyantly into the spiritual worlds. He says that there is in him a man who can look into the spiritual worlds; it is of this man he boasts, not of himself. Paul realises now that formerly he had seen Christ while He was still in the spiritual world. The Event at Damascus had revealed to him Christ had now passed into the Aura of the Earth and was living in the Aura of the Earth. That is the great truth concerning which so many who lived in the early centuries of Christianity uttered such strange words. They said: Christ is the true Lucifer. They understood: In former times it was right to adhere to the Serpent; since the Mystery of Golgotha He Who is the Conqueror of the Serpent has come and He is now the Lord of the Earth.

Now all these things are part of the evolutionary process of mankind. For what is the meaning behind the protest put up by ancient Hebrew culture against “astral” religion, against religions which have clouds, lightening, thunder, as their symbols? The meaning is that the human soul must so prepare to receive the “I” that the revelation of the Spirit is no longer received through the starry script, no longer through the forces manifesting in lightening and thunder, but through the Spirit itself. In former times when men strove to look upwards to the Christ, they could only do so by gazing, as Zarathustra had gazed, at what may be called the physical sheath of Christ, the “Ahura Mazdao”, the physical Sun and its forces. Therein dwelt the Christ. But now the Christ had departed from the realm of the physical forces of the Sun, had passed into the spiritual Aura of the Earth. After those who worshipped Jehovah had prepared the way, Christ was able to permeate the Aura of the Earth. In this sense and in this sense only are the words of John the Baptist to be understood.

And now, as the time of the Mystery of Golgotha drew near, Christ Jesus and John the Baptist came face to face.—I shall now speak rather more abstractly.—Bearing in mind what has just been said, we shall understand this meeting between Christ Jesus and John the Baptist. Christ stands before one who knows what it signifies to worship the Spirit of the Earth. The Jews, and others too—for there were others as well as the Jews—were endowed with faculties which enabled them to worship the Spirit of the Earth in the right way. Whence were these faculties derived? Prior to the Mystery of Golgotha these faculties were bound up with physical heredity! What I am going to say will, of course, be considered utter foolishness by modern science, but it may be the kind of foolishness that can be wisdom before God.

Prior to the Mystery of Golgotha, the faculties of knowledge as they are called, were dependent in a certain way upon heredity conditions. And the progress of human evolution is constituted by the fact that intellectual knowledge becomes independent of the factor of heredity. In certain Mysteries therefore, it was a true and right principle to allow an office to pass from father to son. But as evolution progresses, knowledge becomes an affair purely of the soul. The innermost core of the human soul becomes an affair of the soul itself, no longer depending upon the external factors of heredity. Now by what means did it become possible for man to keep intact the innermost core of his being? Let us realise what is meant by saying that man can no longer, in the real sense inherit his faculties from his forefathers.—Certainly many people think that they inherit their faculties and talents from their forefathers—but it is not so, in reality. Goethe was one among countless others whose genius was not transmitted to his descendants. But if man had not derived spiritual power from another source, what would have been the inevitable result? Their faculties of knowledge would have been orphaned! The position of the human being on the Earth would have been such that each according to his karma would have been obliged to wait for what the Earth bestows for the impressions bestowed by the Earth upon his senses. But this would have been of essential or lasting value to him and under such circumstances he would have been glad to slip away from the Earth. Buddha's teachings emphasise this very clearly for they draw man away from the realm of sense-perception and from all connection with the Earth.

Christ, in Jesus of Nazareth, could speak concerning Himself somewhat as follows.—At the Baptism by John something came down from the supersensible world which can be a quickening power in the “I” that has now been left to its own resources, and hereafter the human soul will contain within it forces that are not merely inherited. Whatever knowledge was formerly available to man, came to him through heredity, was transmitted from generation to generation by physical heredity. And the last man who unfolded higher faculties from the soil of heredity is John the Baptist, “the greatest of these born of woman.” This is an indication of how the ancient times are to be distinguished from the now. In ancient times man spoke truly when he said: ‘If I seek for the power which ought to live in my soul and lead me to the heights I must remember Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, for the faculties through which the heights of human existence are attained came down to me in the line of heredity from these ancestors.’ But now these faculties must be derived from regions beyond the Earth. No longer to look to the Earth alone and to find in Christ the God of the Earth, but to be conscious of the inflow of the Heavens—it is this to which Christ points when he speaks of John the Baptist as “the greatest of those born of woman.”

Here, my dear friends, we have the answer to a question of paramount importance for our age. At the time when the Third Epoch began to re-emerge in the life of our Fifth Epoch, the consciousness of men began to turn again to what can be revealed to the earthly human being as super-earthly reality. Men could not, however, experience this re-born “astral” religion as the ancient Egyptians or Chaldeans had experienced it. In this later age it came to them in the form in which it was experienced by on well-qualified to speak. In 1607, the following words were written... (Here followed a long extract from one of Kepler's works. See also: Günther's Kepler und die Theologie. 105-111.) Thus in the 17th century we again find evidence that the soul is gazing upwards, but now the experience is permeated with the Christ Impulse. These words were written by a profoundly spiritual man. By whom were they written? By the one who was the founder of all modern astronomy, without whom our modern astronomy could not have existed, namely, John Kepler. Is there a single Monist who will not sing the praises of Kepler? The attention of those who profess to be Monists should be called to the words just quoted for so much of what is said about Kepler is... well, something to which I prefer to give no name.

These words of Kepler are an indication of the new tendency, the new way of gazing upwards to the heavens, of that reading of the starry script to which we aspire in Spiritual Science. The question indicated at the beginning of the lecture is thus answered, namely:—How can we draw near to Christ? How can we understand Him? How can we make our life of feeling worthy to receive Him? By learning to speak with the same ardour the same depth of feeling as did an ancient Hebrew, when he said: ‘I look up to Abraham, the primal Father when I speak of the foundation of whatever is valuable in me.’ ...but to-day, with the same intensity of feeling, we must look upwards to the Being Who quickens us spiritually—to the Christ! When we ascribe our faculties and gifts, all that makes us truly Man, not to any earthly power, but to Christ, then we enter into living relationship with Him! Just as a Jew in ancient times spoke of being carried by death into Abraham's bosom, so do we truly express the nature of the age after the Mystery of Golgotha when to the ancient “Out of God we are born” we add the “In Christ we die.” Therefore when we understand the Mystery of Golgotha we can enter into a living relationship with Christ, just as in the age of Hebrew antiquity men felt their living relationship with the God who was the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. This relationship was expressed in the avowed belief: ‘I return to Abraham, the primal Father’—In those who live after the Mystery of Golgotha there must live the consciousness; “In Christ we die.”

Fünfter Vortrag

Es scheint mir, als ob wir durch die Betrachtung desjenigen, was ich mir das «Fünfte Evangelium» zu nennen gestattete, einiges hätten gewinnen können zur genaueren Schattierung desjenigen, was wir öfters ausgeführt haben über die Entwickelung der Menschheit über die Erde hin und den Einfluß des Mysteriums von Golgatha auf diese Menschheitsentwickelung. Haben wir ja doch früher von den mannigfaltigsten Gesichtspunkten aus diese oder jene Idee zu gewinnen versucht über das, was sich vor allen Dingen vollzogen hat mit der Johannestaufe im Jordan, haben wir doch früher schon darauf hingewiesen, wie die Christus-Wesenheit sich verbunden hat mit jener Wesenheit, die wir bezeichnen als Jesus von Nazareth, und eben gerade dadurch versucht, die ganz einschneidende Bedeutung des GolgathaEreignisses für die Menschheitsentwickelung darzulegen.

Jetzt aber haben wir die Jugendgeschichte des Jesus von Nazareth betrachtet, so wie sie sich eben mit geisteswissenschaftlichen Mitteln feststellen läßt, um zu sehen, wie diejenige Wesenheit, die wir als Jesus von Nazareth bezeichnen, vor dem Täufer Johannes ankam, als die Christus-Wesenheit von ihr Besitz ergreifen sollte. Nun wollen wit einmal mit dem, was wir durch diese konkrete Betrachtung des Fünften Evangeliums gewonnen haben, ein weiteres Verständnis gewinnen für das, was mit dem Mysterium von Golgatha zusammenhängt. Versuchen wir heute vor allen Dingen einmal, unseren Seelenblick auf denjenigen hinzuwenden, den man gewöhnlich als den «Vorgänger» bezeichnet: auf den Täufer Johannes, und auf einiges, was mit der Mission des Täufers zusammenhängt.

Wenn wir den Täufer Johannes und die Stellung des Christus Jesus zu dem Täufer Johannes, wie sie auch namentlich im Johannes-Evangelium angedeutet ist, wenn wir diese verstehen wollen, so ist es notwendig, einen Blick zu werfen auf die geistige Welt, aus welcher der Täufer Johannes hervorgewachsen ist. Es ist ja ganz selbstverständlich, daß dieses die geistige Welt des althebräischen Altertumes ist. Nun wollen wir uns einmal vor die Seele rufen, was das Eigentümliche dieser Welt des althebräischen Altertumes ist.

Dieses althebräische Altertum hatte allerdings eine ganz besondere Mission im Laufe der Menschheitsentwickelung. Wir erinnern uns dabei, daß wir vom Standpunkte unserer Geisteswissenschaft aus die Erdenentwickelung aufzufassen haben als hervorgegangen aus der Saturn-, Sonnen- und Mondentwickelung, und daß wir es insbesondere der Erdentwickelung zuschreiben müssen, daß sich zu dem, was aus den früheren Entwickelungsstadien unserer Erde als physischer Leib, Ätherleib und Astralleib hervorgegangen ist, während des Verlaufes der Erdentwickelung das menschliche Ich findet. Dieses Ich kann sich ja allerdings nicht auf einen Sprung finden, sondern es ist die ganze Erdentwickelung notwendig, um das Ich so auszugestalten, wie es sein muß, damit der Mensch sozusagen im Gange der Ewigkeit seine Entwickelung finden könne.

Wenn wir dies vorausschicken, müssen wir in der Tat die Erde gewissermaßen als den Schauplatz innerhalb des Kosmos betrachten, auf dem der Mensch sein Ich zu entwickeln hat. Das althebräische Altertum bezeichnete Jahve oder Jehova als diejenige Wesenheit der höheren Hierarchien, unter deren Einfluß es sich gestellt hat. Wenn wir uns die biblische Schöpfungsgeschichte vornehmen - ich versuchte in dem Zyklus über «Die Geheimnisse der biblischen Schöpfungsgeschichte», München 1910, die einschlägigen Verhältnisse auseinanderzusetzen -, so wird uns auch in ihr sehr deutlich dargestellt, wie aus einer Siebenheit von Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien, aus der Siebenheit der Elohim, sich herausentwickelt der eine der Elohim, Jahve oder Jehova. Man möchte sagen, wie die Gesamtheit des menschlichen Organismus sich ausgestaltet nach dem Kopfe hin, so gliederte sich die Siebenzahl der Elohim in der Weise, daß diese Siebenzahl in einem von ihnen, in Jahve oder Jehova, eine besondere Ausgestaltung findet, so daß dieser gleichsam für die Erdentwickelung zu ihrer Hauptwesenheit wird. Das sieht das althebräische Altertum, das anerkennt es. Und es sieht daher in Jahve oder Jehova diejenige Wesenheit aus der Reihe der höheren Hierarchien, zu der man sich in besondere Beziehung setzen muß, um das Ich zur Entwickelung zu bringen. Es ist wahrhaftig die Entfaltung des althebräischen Altertums eine besondere Etappe in der Ich-Entwickelung der Menschheit, und man fühlte innerhalb des althebräischen Altertumes den Einfluß von Jahve oder Jehova so, daß durch die Art, wie man sich zu ihm stellte, wie man ihn empfand und fühlte, das Ich allmählich zum Erwachen kommen konnte.

Was ist denn eigentlich Jahve oder Jehova für eine Wesenheit? Sie ist gerade diejenige Wesenheit, die man im innigen Zusammenhange vorzustellen hat mit der Erdentwickelung. Sie ist gewissermaßen der Herr, der Regent der Erdentwickelung, oder besser gesagt, die Gestalt, in welcher das althebräische Altertum den Herrn, den Regenten der Erdentwickelung sieht. Daher sehen wir, daß das ganze althebräische Altertum eigentlich daraufhin organisiert ist, Jahve oder Jehova als den Gott der Erde anzusehen, zu denken, daß die Erde durchwoben ist von einer solchen göttlich-geistigen Regierung, könnte man sagen, und daß der Mensch, der sich seines rechten Zusammenhanges mit dem Weltenall durch die Erde bewußt werden will, vor allen Dingen sich zu halten habe an den Erdengott Jahve oder Jehova. Das ganze althebräische Altertum ist daraufhin angelegt.

Gleich zu Beginn der Genesis wird uns dargestellt, daß Jahve den Menschen aus der Substanz der Erde macht. Adam heißt: der aus Erde Gemachte, der Erdene. Und während die um das althebräische Volk herum lebenden Religionssysteme — man kann das im einzelnen nachweisen — überall darauf ausgehen, in demjenigen, was nicht eigentlich der Erde entstammt, sondern was von außen in die Erde hereinkommt, die Elemente zu sehen, in denen sie ihre Götter verehren, sieht das althebräische Altertum in demjenigen, was durch die Erde auf der Erde vor sich geht, die Elemente, in denen der Gott Jahve oder Jehova verehrt werden soll. Zum Sternenhimmel, nach den Gestirnen und ihrem Gange schauen einzelne der umliegenden Völker auf. Sie haben das, was man eine Astralreligion nennt. Und andere Völker wieder beobachten Blitz und Donner und wie sich darin die Elemente äußern, und fragen sich dann: Wie kündigen sich durch die Sprache von Blitz und Donner, von Wolkenbildungen und dergleichen die göttlich-geistigen Wesen an?

Gleichsam in dem, was über der Erde in den Sternen oder in der Atmosphäre ist, suchten die um das althebräische Volk herum liegenden Völker ihre religiösen Symbole, das, was ihnen ausdrücken sollte, wie sie mit einem Überirdischen zusammenhängen. Man beachtet aber heute viel zu wenig, daß es dem althebräischen Altertum eigen ist, sich ganz und gar mit der Erde, mit dem, was vom Inneren der Erde kommt, als zusammenhängend zu betrachten. In allen Einzelheiten wird hingedeutet auf dieses Zusammenhängen der alten Juden mit dem, was der Erde entstammt. Gesagt wird, daß sie bei ihren Zügen einer Wolke oder einer Feuersäule folgten. Sie «folgten einer Feuersäule» in dem Sinne, wie durch die Kräfte der Erde eine solche Feuersäule bewirkt werden kann.

Wenn man in gewissen Gegenden Italiens, wo der Boden vulkanisch ist, nur ein Stück Papier anzündet und damit an den Spalten im Boden entlangfährt, so kommen gleich Rauchwolken aus der Erde heraus, weil die Kräfte der Erde nachdrängen der warmgemachten Luft. So muß man sich die Feuersäule vorstellen bewirkt durch die Kräfte des Erdinneren, der die Juden nachziehen. Und ebenso hat man sich die Wasser- und Nebelsäule nicht vorzustellen bewirkt durch atmosphärische Kräfte, sondern als von unten, von der Wüste aus bewirkt. Mit den Vorgängen der Erde hängen zusammen die Zeichen für Jahve oder Jehova im althebräischen Altertum. Und den Ursprung der «großen Flut» selber muß man in dem suchen, was an Kräften der Erde in der Erde pulsiert, was nicht von außen durch die kosmischen Verhältnisse, sondern durch die tellurischen Verhältnisse bewirkt ist.

Das war der große Protest des althebräischen Volkes gegen die umliegenden Völker, daß es den Gott der Erde anerkennen wollte. Alles das aber, was von oben kommt, was von außen zur Erde her kommt, das empfand man als dasjenige, was gewissermaßen nicht bis zur Aufgabe der Erdenbildung vorgerückt ist, sondern was zurückgeblieben ist im Stadium der Mondenbildung. Man faßte es zusammen unter alledem, was die «Schlange» auf der Erde bewirkt hat, was bewirkt hat der in der Mondentwickelung zurückgebliebene Luzifer. Man kann gleichsam diesen Protest des althebräischen Altertumes gegen die umliegenden Religionssysteme charakterisieren, indem man sagt, diese anderen Religionssysteme hatten das Gefühl: Wenn man sich zu dem Göttlichen erheben will, muß man von der Erde absehen, muß man in den Kosmos hinausgehen. Was im Kosmos bewirkt wird, oder was aus dem Kosmos in die Atmosphäre der Erde hereinkommt, das ist das, was wir anbeten müssen. Das althebräische Altertum sagte aber: Nicht das beten wir an, was von oben kommt, nicht das beten wir an, was bewirkt wird durch die außerirdischen Kräfte, sondern der wahre Gott ist mit der Erde!

Das wird heute viel zu wenig berücksichtigt, denn wenn man ein solches Wort wie «Gott» oder «Geist» ausspricht und dann in alte Zeiten zurücksieht, dann hat man immer so das Gefühl: Ja, da muß dasselbe darunter verstanden worden sein. — Weil die Menschheit des Abendlandes heute unter dem Einflusse fast zweitausendjähriger christlicher Entwickelung wieder nach oben schaut, mit Recht nach oben schaut, so vermeint man, auch das althebräische Altertum habe nach oben geschaut. Im Gegenteil! Das althebräische Altertum sagte: Die Mission, die Jahve mit der Erde vorhatte, ist gestört worden durch den Gott, der von außen kam, und der in der Schlange des Paradieses symbolisiert ist.

Aber die Juden hatten ja vieles von den benachbarten Völkern angenommen, und wir können es begreifen, daß gerade die Juden sehr viel von den benachbarten Völkern angenommen hatten. Hatten sie doch sozusagen die verfänglichste Religion im ganzen Altertum, was heute die Menschen fast gar nicht mehr glauben können: daß Jahve oder Jehova eine Erdengottheit ist - in dem Sinne, wie ich es eben jetzt auseinandergesetzt habe, wodurch natürlich nicht aus der Welt geschafft ist, daß Jahve, trotzdem er eine Erdengottheit ist, wie ich es in der «Geheimwissenschaft im Umriß» dargestellt habe, in den Mondenkräften der Erde wirkt, also von einem anderen Gesichtspunkte aus eine Mondengottheit ist. Aber darauf kommt es in diesem Zusammenhange nicht an. Die exponierteste Religion unter den damaligen Völkern hatten die alten Juden. Und wie die Menschen heute nicht glauben können, daß man sozusagen nicht nach oben, sondern nach dem Erdenmittelpunkt hinschauen kann, wenn man von dem Gotte redet, an den man sich zunächst als an einen höchsten wendet, so empfanden dieses Streben nach oben auch die Juden; und sie empfanden dieses Streben nach oben insbesondere, wenn sie bei allen umliegenden Völkerschaften sahen: die beten an, was außerhalb der Erde seinen Ursprung hat.

Es war aber gerade der große Unterschied der jüdischen Geheimlehre gegenüber den außer dieser Geheimlehre Stehenden, daß sie den Menschen ganz klarmachte: Aus der Erde gehen die Kräfte hervor, selbst bis zum Monde hinauf, an die wir uns zu halten haben, und es ist eine Versuchung, sich an andere Kräfte zu halten; denn die anderen Kräfte sind konzentriert in dem, was das Schlangensymbolum ausdrückt. Einen Teil also desjenigen, was uns gewissermaßen wiederum in unserer geisteswissenschaftlichen Weltanschauung entgegentritt, fühlte das althebräische Volk in seinen Lehren.

Aus den eben angeführten Gründen aber kam dieses althebräische Volk, insbesondere als es gegen das Mysterium von Golgatha zuging, immer mehr von dieser Anschauung ab. Da kam dann einer, der in sich die Mission fühlte, stark hinzuweisen auf das, was den Juden eigen sein sollte. Das war gerade der Täufer Johannes. Er fühlte sich vor allen Dingen dazu berufen, stark auf das hinzuweisen, worin der Juden Stärke lag und was wir jetzt eben charakterisiert haben. Als er so die Entwickelung der jüdischen Religion um sich herum wahrnahm, kleidete er seine Empfindungen in Worte. In gewaltige, in bedeutsame Worte kleidete er seine Empfindungen. Er sagte etwa: Ihr nennt euch «Kinder Abrahams». Wäret ihr Kinder Abrahams, dann müßtet ihr wissen, daß euer Gott, der der Gott Abrahams, Isaaks und Jakobs war, der Gott Jahve oder Jehova, verbunden ist mit dem Irdischen, was er dadurch ausgedrückt hat, daß er aus Erde den ersten Menschen geformt hat. Aber ihr seid nicht mehr in eurer Seele Kinder Abrahams. Ihr seid von dem Geschlechte derer, die nach oben schauen und nach den oberen Kräften. Ihr seid verfallen dem, was man mit dem richtigen Symbolum der «Schlange» bezeichnet. Ihr seid von dem Gezücht der Schlange!

Es hat eine tiefe Bedeutung in mannigfaltiger Beziehung - ich habe ja auch schon von anderem Gesichtspunkte aus von diesen Worten gesprochen -—, daß der Täufer Johannes gerade diese Worte gebrauchte. So wie man sie gewöhnlich in der Bibel ausgesprochen findet, was ist es denn da eigentlich? Wenn man sich doch ein bißchen besser gestehen möchte, wie schlecht man heute liest! Als was nehmen denn die Menschen meistens dieses Wort, welches da im Evangelium steht, das Wort «Ihr Otterngezüchte»? Sie nehmen es gar nicht anders, als ob Johannes wirklich so kräftig und grob die Menschen um sich «Ihr Otterngezücht» geschimpft hätte. Höflich wäre das nicht gewesen. Aber es hätte auch keinen besonderen Zweck, wenn man den Leuten in die Seele reden will, gleich damit anzufangen, sie mit einem Schimpfwort zu belegen. Und es gibt auch kein besonderes Bild von Johannes, wenn man sagt: Das war eben sein göttlicher Zorn! — Da möchte ich doch das triviale Wort gebrauchen: Schimpfen können andere auch! Auf das kommt es nicht an. Aber in diesem Worte, das viele eben nur als Schimpfwort empfinden, liegt eben die ganze Bedeutung dessen, worauf Johannes die um ihn Seienden aufmerksam machen wollte: Ihr wisset nicht mehr, worinnen die Mission des Jahve-Gottes besteht; denn so, wie ihr nicht appelliert an die Kräfte der Erde, sondern an die Kräfte außerhalb der Erde, seid ihr nicht Kinder Abrahams, denn ihr betet das an, was euch die Schlange gebracht hat. So seid ihr von dem Geschlechte derer, die um euch herum ihre Götter unter den verschiedensten Namen anbeten, die doch aber das meinen, was euch als die «Schlange» charakterisiert ist!

Und dann versetzen wir uns in das Innerste des Gemütes dieses Täufers Johannes. Er hatte wohl vielleicht seinen Grund, so den Leuten gegenüberzutreten. Ich sage das jetzt nicht aus dem Fünften Evangelium heraus — denn in bezug auf das Fünfte Evangelium ist es noch nicht bis zur Gestalt des Täufers Johannes gekommen -, aber ich sage es aus dem, was sich sonst ergeben konnte. Es hatte also der Täufer Johannes wohl seinen Grund, um zu denen, die zu ihm hinkamen an den Jordan, so zu reden, als ob er an ihnen merken würde, daß sie gewisse Gebräuche von den Heiden angenommen hätten. Ja, es lag sogar in dem Namen, den ihm die gaben, die da kamen, etwas von dem, was er zunächst nicht hat hören wollen.

In den Gegenden, in denen der Täufer Johannes seine Worte sprach, waren alte Lehren vorhanden, welche man etwa in der folgenden Weise charakterisieren kann: Ja, im Beginne der Menschheitsentwickelung haben einmal aus dem Jahve-Ursprung heraus der Mensch und die höheren Tiere den Luftatem bekommen; aber durch die Tat des Luzifer ist der Luftatem schlecht geworden. Nur diejenigen Tiere sind gut geblieben, sind sozusagen im Stadium der ursprünglichen Entwickelung geblieben, die nicht den Luftatem haben: die Fische. — Da mochten denn manche hingekommen sein nach dem Jordan — wie es in manchen Gegenden die Juden heute noch tun - und zu einer gewissen Zeit des Jahres sich an das Gewässer hingestellt und ihre Kleider geschüttelt haben, weil sie glaubten, dadurch ihre Sünden den unschuldigen Fischen hinzuwerfen, die sie dann weiter zu tragen hätten. Solche und andere Gebräuche, die mit dem umliegenden Heidentume zusammenhingen, sah der Täufer Johannes an denjenigen, von denen er eben sagte: Ihr habt von der Schlange mehr begriffen als von Jahve. Ihr nennt euch deshalb mit Unrecht Kinder desjenigen, der bestimmt war zu eurem Vorfahren, Kinder des Abraham. Ich sage euch: Es könnte der Gott Abrahams, Isaaks und Jakobs wiederum zu seiner ursprünglichen Mission zurückgreifen und aus diesen Steinen, das heißt aus der Erde, ein Menschengeschlecht hervorbringen, das ihn besser versteht!

An dieser Stelle, wo uns die Bibel gerade diesen Ausdruck «Gott kann dem Abraham aus diesen Steinen Kinder erwecken» überliefert, sind in der damaligen Sprache so viele Worte, die durchaus doppelsinnig sind, die Anspielungen enthalten. Und sie sind absichtlich so gebraucht, diese Worte, damit man eben darauf aufmerksam wird, daß ein tiefer Sinn in diesen Dingen liegt. Ganz wird man aber diese Sache nur verstehen, wenn man dasjenige, was ich nun eben ausgeführt habe, zusammenhält mit der Mission des Paulus.

Ich habe schon öfter über diese Mission des Paulus gesprochen und will heute gerade denjenigen Gesichtspunkt vorbringen, der uns zum Verständnisse dessen, was erreicht werden soll, wichtig sein kann. Wie kommt es denn, daß Paulus, der, wie wir schon öfter erwähnt haben, durch das, was er zu Jerusalem erfahren hat, sich nicht hat bewegen lassen, die Bedeutung des Mysteriums von Golgatha in seine Anschauung aufzunehmen, wie kommt es, daß er durch das Ereignis von Damaskus voll überzeugt worden ist von dem, was er die Auferstehung des Christus nannte? Da müssen wir allerdings ein wenig hineinschauen in die Art, wie Paulus vorbereitet war für das, was ihm im Ereignis von Damaskus erschien.

Paulus war durchgegangen durch die jüdische Prophetenschule seiner Zeit. Er hat genau gewußt: bis zu einem bestimmten Punkte in der Menschheitsentwickelung hängt das Heil zunächst für diese Menschheitsentwickelung davon ab, daß man festhält an dem Gott der Erde, daß man versteht, wie Jahves Mission mit der Erde zusarmmenhängt. — Aber es muß einmal — das wußte Paulus - eine Zeit kommen, in welcher wiederum das «Obere», das, was aus außerirdischen Verhältnissen in die Erde hereinkommt, wichtig wird. Und wichtig ist es, einzusehen, daß der Christus, bevor er durch das Mysterium von Golgatha seine Mission für die Erde übernommen hat, als Christus in kosmischen Regionen seine Mission hatte, daß er in überirdischen Regionen lebte. Das Genauere darüber ist in dem Zyklus ausgeführt, den ich neulich in Leipzig gehalten habe.

Wir können die außerirdischen Verhältnisse zurückverfolgen und werden finden, wie der Christus zuerst in überirdischen Reichen gewirkt hat, wie er dann sozusagen immer näher und näher zur Erde gekommen ist, bis er durch den Leib des Jesus von Nazareth in die Erdenaura eingezogen ist. Daß dieser Zeitpunkt einmal kommen werde, das wußte Paulus, nur hat er vor dem Ereignis von Damaskus in der Erdenaura nicht gesehen: «Der Christus ist schon da!» Aber er war dazu vorbereitet, und er sagt uns das wohl, daß er dazu vorbereitet war. Lesen Sie dazu im zweiten Korinther-Briefe das zwölfte Kapitel: |

1. Es ist mir ja das Rühmen nichts nütze; doch will ich kommen auf die Gesichte und Offenbarungen des Herrn.

2. Ich kenne einen Menschen in Christo [Paulus meint sich selber damit]; vor vierzehn Jahren (ist er in dem Leibe gewesen, so weiß ich’s nicht; oder ist er außer dem Leibe gewesen, so weiß ich’s auch nicht; Gott weiß es) ward derselbe entzücket bis in den dritten Himmel.

3. Und ich kenne denselben Menschen (ob er in dem Leibe oder außer dem Leibe gewesen ist, weiß ich nicht; Gott weiß es);

4. der ward entzücket in das Paradies und hörte unaussprechliche Worte, welche kein Mensch sagen kann.

5. Für denselben will ich mich rühmen; für mich selbst aber will ich mich nichts rühmen, nur meiner Schwachheit.

Was sagt Paulus in diesen Sätzen? Er sagt nichts Geringeres, als daß er imstande war, schon vor vierzehn Jahren — nach den chronologischen Verhältnissen müßte man also annehmen, daß dieses Erlebnis etwa sechs Jahre nach dem Ereignis von Golgatha stattgefunden hat — hellseherisch sich zu erheben in die geistigen Regionen. Das heißt, er versichert uns selber: In ihm lebt ein Mensch — und nur desjenigen will er sich rühmen, nicht des leiblichen Menschen -, der wohl hinaufschauen kann in die geistigen Welten. — Und als er jenes Erlebnis hatte, da war ihm klar geworden: Was hast du denn früher in den geistigen Welten gesehen, wenn du hinaufgeschaut hast? Duhast den Christus gesehen, wie er noch oben war in den himmlischen Verhältnissen! — Durch das Ereignis von Damaskus ist es ihm klar geworden, daß der Christus in die Erdenaura eingezogen war und in ihr lebte.

Das ist das Bedeutsame, weshalb auch manche Geister so in der Zeit um die Begründung des Christentums ein heute ja sonderbar erklingendes Wort gesprochen haben. «Der wahre Luzifer ist Christus», sagten sie. Sie verstanden eben: Wenn man früher in die übersinnlichen Verhältnisse hinaufgeschaut hat, so mußte man sich, wenn man richtig die Menschheitsentwickelung versteht, an die «Schlange» halten. Nachdem das Mysterium von Golgatha eingetreten war, ist aber der Überwinder der Schlange herunter gekommen und ist jetzt der Erdenherr geworden. — Das alles hängt aber zusammen mit der ganzen Entwickelung der Menschheit.

Welchen Sinn hat es denn, daß das althebräische Altertum sozusagen den Protest darstellt gegen die Astralreligionen der umliegenden Völker, gegen die Religionen, welche die Symbole für das Göttliche in den Wolken, in Blitz und Donner sehen? Diesen Sinn hat es, daß sich die menschliche Seele vorbereiten muß, das Ich so zu empfinden, daß es nicht mehr durch die Sternenschrift, nicht mehr durch das, was in Blitz und Donner erscheint, die Offenbarungen des Geistes ernpfängt, sondern daß es diese Offenbarungen im Geistigen empfängt, durch den Geist selber. Wenn der Mensch vorher wirklich zu dem Christus aufschauen wollte, so konnte er es ja nur tun im Sinne des Zatathustra, indem er aufschaute zu dem, was man nennen könnte die physische Hülle des Christus, des Ahura Mazdao. Zur physischen Sonne und ihren Wirkungen konnte der Mensch aufschauen und wissen: Da drinnen lebt der Christus. - Aber gleichsam herausgeschält aus den physischen Sonnenwirkungen und als geistige Sonne die Erdenaura durchdringend ist der Christus mit dem Mysterium von Golgatha geworden. Ja, so ist der Christus geworden, die Erdenaura durchdringend, nachdem gewissermaßen die Jahve- oder Jehova-Anbeter ihn vorbereitet haben. Und der Täufer Johannes ist in seinen bedeutsamsten Worten zu verstehen, wenn wir ihn eben so verstehen.

Und nun bereitete sich das Mysterium von Golgatha vor. Indem es sich vorbereitete - ich will die Dinge jetzt mehr abstrakt darstellen, wir werden später einmal auf Konkreteres eingehen können -, stehen sich gewissermaßen gegenüber der Christus Jesus und der Täufer Johannes. Wenn wir uns vor die Seele stellen, was wir eben über den Täufer Johannes gesagt haben, so wird uns das zeigen, in welchem Sinne der Christus Jesus sozusagen dem Täufer Johannes gegenüberstand: demjenigen stand er in dem Täufer Johannes gegenüber, der gewissermaßen am besten verstand, was es heißt, den Geist der Erde zu verehren.

Woher kamen denn die Fähigkeiten, namentlich innerhalb des Judentumes und auch innerhalb anderer Kreise - denn es gab auch andere Menschen, die mehr oder weniger, aber dann immer durch Mysterien angeregt waren -, die den Geist der Erde im richtigen Sinne verehrten? Woher kamen denn diese Fähigkeiten? Diese Fähigkeiten waren vor dem Mysterium von Golgatha an das gebunden, was wir nennen können die physische Vererbung im Menschen, an jene physische Vererbung, die ja auch Erdengesetz ist. Es ist für die heutige Naturwissenschaft noch eine vollständige Torheit, das zu sagen, was ich nun werde zu sagen haben; aber es könnte das auch eine Torheit sein, die «Torheit vor den Menschen und Weisheit vor Gott» ist. Vor dem Mysterium von Golgatha war im wesentlichen das, was man Erkenntnisfähigkeiten nennt, in einer gewissen Beziehung abhängig von den Vererbungsverhältnissen, und darin bestand gerade der Fortgang und Fortschritt der menschlichen Entwickelung, daß die Erkenntnis durch Vorstellen unabhängig wurde von allen natürlichen Vererbungsverhältnissen.

Daher hat man in den alten Mysterien oftmals ganz recht getan, daß man das Mysterienamt vom Vater auf den Sohn und so weiter vererbt hat. Das ist das Bedeutsame, daß in der Zeit des Mysteriums von Golgatha für die Erdenmenschheit das Erkennen aufhörte abhängig zu sein von rein physischen Verhältnissen. Es wurde das Erkennen durch den Fortschritt der Menschheit eine rein seelische Angelegenheit. Eine rein seelische Angelegenheit wird das Innerste der menschlichen Seele, nicht mehr abhängig von äußeren Vererbungsverhältnissen.

Wodurch wurde nun möglich gemacht, daß der Mensch also gewissermaßen sein Inneres ungeschädigt dennoch fortbehielt? Fassen Sie nur die ganze Bedeutung dessen auf, daß das innerste Verhältnis der menschlichen Seele, das Erkenntnisverhältnis, eine rein seelische Angelegenheit wurde, daß der Mensch sozusagen nichts mehr ererben konnte von seinen Vorfahren in bezug auf seine Fähigkeiten. Gewiß möchten heute noch viele Menschen ihre Erkenntnisfähigkeit von ihren Vorfahren ererben, aber es geht nicht. Das merkt man schon. Goethes Fähigkeiten haben sich nicht gerade auf seine Nachkommen vererbt, und bei anderen kann man es auch nicht sehen.

Aber was hätte denn mit diesen Fähigkeiten geschehen sollen, wenn sie von nichts anderem her gleichsam geistig unterhalten worden wären, wenn sie nicht einen geistigen Impuls erhalten hätten? Verwaist wären die innerlich gewordenen Fähigkeiten des Menschen gewesen. Der Mensch wäre so auf die Erde gestellt gewesen, daß er hätte warten müssen, was ihm gerade nach dem, wie sein Karma beschaffen gewesen wäre, die Erde aus der Umgebung gegeben hätte, was da hereingeleuchtet hätte in seine Sinne. Er hätte das aber nicht besonders schätzen können, sondern hätte froh sein müssen, wenn er bald wieder von der Erde fortgekommen wäre, da er sich ja keine besonders wertvollen Fähigkeiten auf der Erde hätte erobern können. Das hatte Buddha sehr wohl den Menschen bemerkbar gemacht; daher seine von allen irdischen Sinneswahrnehmungen ablenkende Lehre.

Der Christus wurde nun in dem Jesus von Nazareth als das fühlbar, wovon sich der Christus Jesus bei der Johannestaufe im Jordan sagen konnte: Da kam aus der überirdischen Welt etwas in mich herunter, das befruchtend in das Ich eingreifen kann. — In der menschlichen Seele werden künftig Inhalte leben, die von außerirdischen Regionen kommen, die nicht bloß vererbt sind. Alles, was man vorher hat wissen können: es ist bloß vererbt, es ist mit den physischen Verhältnissen von Generation zu Generation übergegangen. Und der Letzte, der es noch dazu gebracht hatte, höhere Fähigkeiten zu erwerben auf Grundlage dessen, was man vererben kann, das ist Johannes der Täufer. «Einer der größten von denjenigen, die vom Weibe geboren sind», so sagte der Christus Jesus von ihm. Da deutete er darauf hin, wie sich die alte Zeit von der neuen scheidet, wie die alte Zeit mit Recht sagen kann: Wenn ich das suche, was in meiner Seele leben soll als das, was mich zu den Höhen der Menschheit führt, so erinnere ich mich an Abraham, Isaak und Jakob; denn von denen gingen herunter in der Vererbungslinie bis zu mir die Fähigkeiten, die der Menschheit Höhen erreichen. — Jetzt aber müssen diese Fähigkeiten von außerirdischen Regionen kommen. Nicht mehr auf die Erde bloß schauen und den Gott der Erde finden in dem Christus, sondern des himmlischen Hereinkommens des Christus in der Seele sich bewußt sein — das ist es, worauf der Christus Jesus in dem Momente hindeutete, als er von Johannes dem "Täufer sprach als einem der größten derjenigen, die «vom Weibe geboren sind», das heißt, die in sich diejenigen Fähigkeiten tragen, die man unmittelbar durch die physische Vererbung erlangen kann.

Das aber beantwortet uns eine Frage, die für unsere Zeit recht wichtig werden kann. Man begann wiederum in der Zeit, in der gewissermaßen der dritte nachatlantische Zeitraum in unserem fünften Kulturzeitraum zum Vorschein kam - in der Weise, wie ich das öfter auseinandergesetzt habe -, wieder hinzuschauen auf das, was dem Erdenmenschen als Außerirdisches erscheinen kann. Aber nicht so, wie die alten Ägypter oder Chaldäer ihre Astralreligion empfanden, konnte man jetzt die wiedererstandene Astralreligion empfinden, sondern so mußte man sie empfinden, wie sie einer empfunden hat, der wahrhaftig ein Recht gehabt hat, über diese Dinge mitzusprechen.

Im Jahre 1607. sind die Worte gesprochen, die ich auch hier wiederum mitteilen will, wo einer gesagt hat: «In der ganzen Schöpfung findet sich eine herrliche wundervolle Harmonie, und zwar sowohl im Sinnlichen als im Übersinnlichen, in Ideen sowohl als in Sachen, im Reiche der Natur und der Gnade. Diese Harmonie findet sowohl in den Dingen selbst als auch in ihren Verhältnissen zueinander statt. Die höchste Harmonie ist Gott, und er hat allen Seelen eine innere Harmonie als sein Bild eingedrückt. Die Zahlen, die Figuren, die Gestirne, die Natur überhaupt harmonieren mit gewissen Geheimnissen der christlichen Religion. Wie es zum Exempel in dem Weltall drei ruhende Dinge: Sonne, Fixsterne und das Intermedium gibt, und alles übrige beweglich ist, so ist in dem einigen Gotte: Vater, Sohn und Geist. Die Kugel stellt gleichfalls die Dreieinigkeit dar - der Vater ist das Zentrum, der Sohn die Oberfläche, der Geist die Gleichheit der Distanz des Zentrums von der Oberfläche, der Radius - sowie noch andere Geheimnisse. Ohne Geister und Seelen würde überall keine Harmonie sein. In den menschlichen Seelen finden sich harmonische Prädispositionen von unendlich mannigfaltiger Art. Die ganze Erde ist beseelt, und dadurch wird die große Harmonie sowohl auf der Erde als auch zwischen ihr und den Gestirnen hervorgebracht. Diese Seele wirkt durch den ganzen Erdkörper, hat aber in einem gewissen Teile derselben, so wie die menschliche Seele in dem Herzen, ihren Sitz; und von da gehen, wie von einem Fokus oder einer Quelle, ihre Wirkungen in den Ozean und die Atmosphäre der Erde aus. Daher die Sympathie zwischen der Erde und den Gestirnen, daher die regelmäßigen Naturwirkungen. Daß die Erde wirklich eine Seele habe, zeigt die Beobachtung der Witterung und der Aspekte, durch welche sie jedesmal hervorgebracht wird, am deutlichsten. Unter gewissen Aspekten und Konstellationen wird die Luft immer unruhig; gibt es derselben keine oder wenige oder schnell vorübergehende, so bleibt sie ruhig.»

«Kepler verbreitet sich über diese und ähnliche Gedanken auch in seinem Buche ‹Harmonices Mundi› ». Für vieles nur diese originelle Stelle: «Die Erdkugel wird so ein Körper sein, wie der eines Tieres, und was dem Tiere seine Seele ist, das wird der Erde die ‘Natura sublunaris’ sein, die bei Gegenwart der Aspekten Witterungen erregt. Das wird nicht dadurch widerlegt, daß die Erregungen der Witterungen nicht allemal genau mit den Aspekten zusammenttrifft; die Erde scheint manchmal träge, manchmal wie aufgeregt zu sein, so daß sie die Ausdünstungen auch ohne Gegenwart der Aspekten fortsetzt. Sie ist eben nicht ein so folgsames Tier wie der Hund, sondern etwa wie ein Rind oder Elefant: Langsam zum Zorn geneigt, aber desto heftiger, wenn es einmal gereizt wird.» [Libri IV, Cap. VIL.]»

«Diese und unzählige andere Veränderungen und Phänomene, die in und auf der Erde vorgehen, sind so regelmäßig und abgemessen, daß man sie keiner blinden Ursache zuschreiben kann, und da die Planeten selbst nichts von den Winkeln wissen, welche ihre Strahlen auf der Erde bilden, so muß die Erde eine Seele haben.»

In seiner Art sagt er dann: «Die Erde ist ein Tier. Man wird an ihr alles wahrnehmen, was den Teilen des tierischen Körpers analog ist. Pfanzen und Bäume sind ihr Haar, Metalle ihre Adern, das Meerwasser ihr Getränke. Die Erde hat eine bildende Kraft, eine Art Imagination, Bewegung, gewisse Krankheiten, und die Ebbe und Flut sind das Atemholen der Tiere. Die Seele der Erde scheint eine Art von Flamme zu sein, daher die unterirdische Wärme und daher keine Fortpflanzung ohne Wärme. Ein gewisses Bild des Tierkreises und des ganzen Firmaments ist von Gott in die Seele der Erde gedrückt.»

«Dies ist das Band des Himmlischen und des Irdischen, die Ursache der Sympathie zwischen Himmel und Erde: die Urbilder aller ihrer Bewegungen und Verrichtungen sind ihr von Gott, dem Schöpfer eingepflanzt.»

«Die Seele ist im Mittelpunkt der Erde, sendet Gestalten oder Abdrücke von sich nach allen Richtungen aus und empfindet auf diese Art alle harmonischen Veränderungen und Gegenstände außer ihr. Wie es mit der Seele der Erde ist, ist es auch mit der Seele des Menschen. Alle mathematischen Ideen und Beweise zum Beispiel erzeugt die Seele aus sich selbst, sonst könnte sie nicht diesen hohen Grad von Gewißheit und Bestimmtheit haben.»

«Die Planeten und ihre Aspekten haben Einfluß auf die Seelenkräfte des Menschen. Sie erregen Gemütsbewegungen und Leidenschaften aller Art und dadurch oft die schrecklichsten Handlungen und Begebenheiten. Sie haben Einfluß auf die Konzeption der Geburt und dadurch auf das Temperament und den Charakter des Menschen, und darauf beruht ein großer "Teil der Astrologie. -— Wahrscheinlich verbreitet sich von der Sonne nicht nur Licht und Wärme in das ganze Weltall, sondern sie ist auch der Mittelpunkt und Sitz des reinen Verstandes und die Quelle der Harmonie im ganzen Weltall — und alle Planeten sind beseelt.»

So arbeitete sich in diesem Geist, der uns im 17. Jahrhundert entgegentritt — diese Worte stammen, wie gesagt, aus dem Jahre 1607 —, heraus der Aufblick nach oben. Aber man sieht es diesen Worten schon an: es ist durchchristet der Aufblick nach oben. Es war allerdings ein tiefer Geist, der diese Worte gesprochen hat, die ich eben vorgelesen habe, in dem tief, tief gewirkt hat der Zusammenhang der Menschenseele mit dem, was göttlich die Welt durchwellt und durchwebt. So sind auch von demselben Geiste, von dem wir eben gehört haben, wie er von der «Seele der Erde» gesprochen hat, folgende schönen Worte:

Gottes-Hymne

Schöpfer der Welt, du ewige Macht! Durch alle die Räume
Schallet dein Ruhm; er schallt Himmel und Erde hindurch.
Selbst das unmündige Kind lallt nach die Stimm’, es verkündet,
Daß der Läst’rer verstumm’, laut dein unendliches Lob.
Großer Künstler der Welt, ich schaue wundernd die Werke
Deiner Hände, nach den künstlichen Formen gebaut,
Und in die Mitte die Sonne, Ausspenderin Lichtes und Lebens,
Die nach heil’gem Gesetz zügelt die Erde und lenkt
In verschiedenem Lauf. Ich sehe die Mühen des Mondes
Und dort Sterne zerstreut auf unermessener Flur -
Herrscher der Welt! Du ewige Macht! Durch alle die Welten
Schwingt sich auf Flügeln des Lichts dein unermessener Glanz.

Und noch mehr schauen wir in seine Seele hinein, wenn er spricht:

Wenn jetzt der Dinge Bilder im Spiegel du
Erblicken magst, doch einstens erkennen sollst
Das Wesen selbst, was, Auge, säumst du
Edleres Sein für den Schein zu tauschen?

Des Wissens Stückwerk, wenn es so lieblich dich
Beglückt, wie selig wirst du das Ganze schaun!
Gib, Seele, kühnlich preis das Niedre,
Schnell zu gewinnen das Ewiggroße.

Wenn hier das Leben tägliches Sterben ist,
Ja, wenn der Tod die Quelle des Lebens ist,
O Menschenkind, was säumst du sterbend
Wiedergeboren das Licht zu grüßen?

Diese Worte und auch die Worte von der Erdenseele, wer hat sie im Beginne des 17. Jahrhunderts gesprochen? Derjenige hat sie gesprochen, der die ganze neuere Astronomie begründet hat, Johann Kepler, ohne den es die neuere Astronomie nicht geben könnte. Welcher Monist wird nicht Johann Kepler loben? Es mögen nur die Bekenner des Monismus auch auf diese soeben mitgeteilten Worte des Johann Kepler aufmerksam gemacht werden, sonst bleibt alles Reden über Johann Kepler dasjenige, was ich nicht mit einem Worte bezeichnen möchte.

Da klingt schon herauf, was neuerdings das Aufschauen zu den Sternen wiederum werden soll: es ist das neuere Lesen der Sternenschrift, wie wir es in unserer geisteswissenschaftlichen Weltanschauung versuchen. Und die Frage beantwortet sich uns, mit welcher wir die heutige Betrachtung begonnen haben: Wie kommen wir dem Christus-Impuls näher? Wie verstehen wir den Christus? Wie kommen wir zu ihm in das richtige Verhältnis, so daß wir sagen können: Wir nehmen wirklich den Christus-Impuls auf? — Indem wir lernen, mit derselben Inbrunst und Gemütstiefe, wie im althebräischen Altertum gesagt worden ist: Ich schaue hinauf zu Abraham, meinem Vater das heißt zu der physischen Vererbungslinie -, zu dem Urvater Abraham, wenn ich von dem Grunde dessen sprechen will, was ich als Wertvollstes in der Seele trage —, wenn wir mit derselben Gemütstiefe und Seelenstimmung heute zu dem schauen, was aus den geistigen Höhen kommt und was uns geistig befruchtet, zu dem Christus, wenn wir jede unserer Fähigkeiten, alles was wir vermögen, so daß es uns zu Menschen macht, keiner irdischen Macht, sondern dem Christus zuschreiben, dann gewinnen wir das lebendige Verhältnis zu dem Christus. «Erfreust du dich irgendeiner Fähigkeit, und sei es die alltäglichste, die dich zum Menschen macht, woher hast du sie?» Vom Christus!

So wie der alte Jude sagte, wenn er starb, er kehre zurück in Abrahams Schoß — was wiederum eine tiefe Bedeutung hatte -, so lernen wir den Sinn unserer Zeit begreifen, der Zeit, die nach dem Mysterium von Golgatha liegt, indem wir dem alten Worte «Aus dem Gotte sind wir geboren» hinzufügen das Wort, das für uns entspricht dem alten «Zurückkehren in Abrahams Schoß» : «In dem Christus sterben wir.»

Wir können, wenn wir das Mysterium von Golgatha verstehen lernen, jenes lebendige Verhältnis gewinnen zu dem Christus, das wir brauchen, wie im althebräischen Altertume das lebendige Verhältnis zu dem Gotte vorhanden war, der der Gott Abrahams, Isaaks und Jakobs war, und das sich dadurch ausdrückte, daß jeder bekannte: er kehre zurück zu dem Urvater Abraham mit dem Tode. Und für die Menschen, die nach dem Mysterium von Golgatha leben, muß das sich dadurch ausdrücken, daß sie sich bewußt sind: In dem Christus sterben wir!

Fifth Lecture

It seems to me that by considering what I have taken the liberty of calling the “Fifth Gospel,” we have been able to gain some insight into the more precise nuances of what we have often said about the development of humanity on earth and the influence of the mystery of Golgotha on this development. We have already tried from many different angles to gain this or that idea about what took place above all with the baptism of John in the Jordan. We have already pointed out how the Christ Being connected itself with that Being whom we call Jesus of Nazareth, and precisely through this connection attempted to to explain the profound significance of the events at Golgotha for the development of humanity.

Now, however, we have considered the youth of Jesus of Nazareth as it can be established by spiritual scientific means, in order to see how the being we call Jesus of Nazareth arrived before John the Baptist, when the Christ being was to take possession of him. Now let us use what we have gained from this concrete consideration of the Fifth Gospel to gain a further understanding of what is connected with the mystery of Golgotha. Let us try today, above all, to turn our soul's gaze to the one who is usually called the “forerunner”: to John the Baptist, and to some things connected with the mission of the Baptist.

If we want to understand John the Baptist and the position of Christ Jesus in relation to John the Baptist, as indicated in the Gospel of John, it is necessary to take a look at the spiritual world from which John the Baptist emerged. It is quite obvious that this is the spiritual world of ancient Hebrew antiquity. Now let us recall what is peculiar to this world of ancient Hebrew antiquity.

This ancient Hebrew culture had a very special mission in the course of human evolution. We remember that, from the standpoint of our spiritual science, we must understand the evolution of the earth as having emerged from the Saturn, Sun, and Moon evolutions, and that we must attribute it in particular to the earth evolution that, during the course of the earth's evolution, the human ego emerged from what had emerged from the earlier stages of our earth's evolution as the physical body, the etheric body, and the astral body. the etheric body and astral body, the human I emerged during the course of Earth's development. Of course, this I cannot emerge in a single leap; rather, the entire development of the Earth is necessary to shape the I as it must be so that human beings can find their development, so to speak, in the course of eternity.

If we take this as a starting point, we must indeed regard the Earth as the stage within the cosmos on which human beings have to develop their ego. Ancient Hebrews referred to Yahweh or Jehovah as the being of the higher hierarchies under whose influence they had placed themselves. If we take a look at the biblical story of creation—I tried to explain the relevant relationships in my series on “The Secrets of the Biblical Story of Creation,” published in Munich in 1910—it becomes very clear how, out of a sevenfold group of beings from the higher hierarchies, out of the seven Elohim, one of the Elohim, Yahweh or Jehovah, develops. One might say that just as the totality of the human organism develops towards the head, so the seven Elohim are structured in such a way that this number seven finds a special expression in one of them, in Yahweh or Jehovah, so that this one becomes, as it were, the main entity for the development of the earth. This is what ancient Hebrew culture saw and recognized. And therefore it saw in Yahweh or Jehovah the being from the higher hierarchies to whom one must relate in a special way in order to develop the I. The development of ancient Hebrew culture is truly a special stage in the development of the ego in humanity, and within ancient Hebrew culture, the influence of Yahweh or Jehovah was felt in such a way that, through the way people related to him, how they perceived and felt him, the ego was gradually able to awaken.

What kind of being is Yahweh or Jehovah? It is precisely the being that must be conceived as intimately connected with the development of the earth. It is, in a sense, the Lord, the ruler of the earth's development, or rather, the form in which ancient Hebrew antiquity saw the Lord, the ruler of the earth's development. Therefore, we see that the whole of ancient Hebrew culture is actually organized around the idea of Yahweh or Jehovah as the God of the earth, thinking that the earth is interwoven with a kind of divine-spiritual government, one might say, and that human beings who want to become aware of their rightful connection with the universe through the earth must above all hold fast to the earth god Yahweh or Jehovah. The entire ancient Hebrew world was based on this idea.

Right at the beginning of Genesis, we are told that Yahweh made man from the substance of the earth. Adam means “made from the earth,” “earthly.” And while the religious systems surrounding the ancient Hebrew people—as can be proven in detail—all sought to see in what is not actually derived from the earth but comes into the earth from outside the elements in which they worship their gods, ancient Hebrew antiquity saw in what is not actually derived from the earth but comes into the earth from outside the elements in which they worship their gods. in what does not actually originate from the earth, but comes into the earth from outside, to see the elements in which they worship their gods, ancient Hebrew antiquity sees in what happens through the earth on the earth the elements in which the god Yahweh or Jehovah is to be worshipped. Some of the surrounding peoples look up at the starry sky, at the stars and their movements. They have what is called an astral religion. Other peoples observe lightning and thunder and how the elements manifest themselves in them, and then ask themselves: How do the divine-spiritual beings announce themselves through the language of lightning and thunder, of cloud formations and the like?

The peoples surrounding the ancient Hebrews sought their religious symbols, that which was to express their connection with the supernatural, in what was above the earth, in the stars or in the atmosphere. But today we pay far too little attention to the fact that it was characteristic of ancient Hebrew culture to regard itself as completely connected with the earth and with what comes from within the earth. Every detail points to this connection between the ancient Jews and what comes from the earth. It is said that they followed a cloud or a pillar of fire during their migrations. They “followed a pillar of fire” in the sense that such a pillar of fire can be brought about by the forces of the earth.

In certain areas of Italy where the soil is volcanic, if you light a piece of paper and run it along the cracks in the ground, clouds of smoke immediately come out of the earth because the forces of the earth push the heated air upward. This is how one must imagine the pillar of fire caused by the forces of the earth's interior, which the Jews followed. Similarly, the pillars of water and mist should not be thought of as caused by atmospheric forces, but as coming from below, from the desert. The signs for Yahweh or Jehovah in ancient Hebrew are connected with the processes of the earth. And the origin of the “great flood” itself must be sought in the forces pulsating within the earth, which are not caused by external cosmic conditions, but by telluric conditions.

This was the great protest of the ancient Hebrew people against the surrounding peoples, that they wanted to recognize the God of the earth. But everything that comes from above, everything that comes to the earth from outside, was perceived as something that had not advanced to the point of completing the formation of the earth, but had remained behind in the stage of lunar formation. This was summarized in everything that the “serpent” had wrought on the earth, everything that Lucifer, who had remained behind in the lunar evolution, had wrought. One can characterize this protest of ancient Hebrew antiquity against the surrounding religious systems by saying that these other religious systems felt that if one wanted to rise to the divine, one had to turn away from the earth and go out into the cosmos. What is brought about in the cosmos, or what comes from the cosmos into the atmosphere of the earth, is what we must worship. But ancient Hebrew antiquity said: We do not worship what comes from above, we do not worship what is brought about by extraterrestrial forces, but the true God is with the earth!

This is taken far too little into account today, because when one utters a word such as “God” or “Spirit” and then looks back to ancient times, one always has the feeling that yes, the same thing must have been meant then. Because Western humanity today, under the influence of almost two thousand years of Christian development, is looking upward again, rightly looking upward, it is assumed that ancient Hebrew civilization also looked upward. On the contrary! Ancient Hebrews said: The mission that Yahweh had for the earth was disrupted by the God who came from outside and is symbolized by the serpent in Paradise.

But the Jews had adopted much from the neighboring peoples, and we can understand that the Jews in particular had adopted a great deal from the neighboring peoples. After all, they had, so to speak, the most insidious religion in all of antiquity, which people today can hardly believe: that Yahweh or Jehovah is an earth deity—in the sense I have just explained, which of course does not rule out that Yahweh, despite being an earth deity, as I have described in “An Outline of Esoteric Science,” works in the lunar forces of the earth and is therefore, from another point of view, a moon deity. But that is not important in this context. The ancient Jews had the most prominent religion among the peoples of that time. And just as people today cannot believe that one can look upward, so to speak, but rather toward the center of the earth when speaking of the God to whom one first turns as the highest being, so the Jews felt this striving upward; and they felt this striving upward especially when they saw all the surrounding peoples they worship what has its origin outside the earth.

But it was precisely the great difference between the Jewish secret teaching and those outside this secret teaching that made it very clear to people: the forces come out of the earth, even up to the moon, to which we must hold fast, and it is a temptation to hold fast to other forces; for the other forces are concentrated in what the symbol of the serpent expresses. Thus, the ancient Hebrew people felt in their teachings a part of what we encounter again, in a sense, in our spiritual scientific worldview.

For the reasons just mentioned, however, the ancient Hebrew people, especially as they approached the mystery of Golgotha, increasingly departed from this view. Then came one who felt it his mission to point strongly to what should be characteristic of the Jews. This was John the Baptist. He felt called above all to point strongly to what was the strength of the Jews, which we have just characterized. As he perceived the development of the Jewish religion around him, he clothed his feelings in words. He clothed his feelings in powerful, meaningful words. He said, for example: You call yourselves “children of Abraham.” If you were children of Abraham, you would know that your God, who was the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the God Yahweh or Jehovah, is connected with the earthly, which he expressed by forming the first human being from the earth. But you are no longer children of Abraham in your souls. You are of the race of those who look upward and toward the higher powers. You have fallen prey to what is correctly symbolized by the “serpent.” You are of the race of the serpent!

It has a profound meaning in many respects—I have already spoken of these words from other points of view—that John the Baptist used precisely these words. As they are usually found in the Bible, what do they actually mean? If only we would admit to ourselves a little better how poorly we read today! How do people usually understand this word in the Gospel, the word “you brood of vipers”? They take it as if John really had called the people around him “you brood of vipers” in such a strong and coarse manner. That would not have been polite. But it would also serve no particular purpose if one wanted to speak to people's souls by starting off with an insult. And there is no special image of John when one says: That was just his divine wrath! — I would like to use the trivial word: Anyone can insult! That is not the point. But in these words, which many perceive as nothing more than a swear word, lies the whole meaning of what John wanted to draw the attention of those around him to: You no longer know what the mission of the God Yahweh consists of; for just as you do not appeal to the powers of the earth, but to the powers outside the earth, you are not children of Abraham, for you worship what the serpent has brought you. Thus you are of the race of those who worship their gods around you under various names, but who mean what is characterized as the “serpent”!

And then we put ourselves in the innermost mind of this John the Baptist. He probably had his reasons for confronting the people in this way. I am not saying this from the Fifth Gospel — for in relation to the Fifth Gospel, it has not yet come to the figure of John the Baptist — but I am saying it from what else could have happened. So John the Baptist probably had his reasons for speaking to those who came to him at the Jordan as if he noticed that they had adopted certain customs from the pagans. Yes, there was even something in the name given to him by those who came that he did not want to hear at first.

In the regions where John the Baptist spoke his words, there were ancient teachings which can be characterized in the following way: Yes, at the beginning of human evolution, man and the higher animals received the breath of air from the Yahweh origin; but through the deed of Lucifer, the breath of air became bad. Only those animals that do not breathe air remained good, remained, so to speak, in their original stage of development: the fish. Many may have gone to the Jordan River—as Jews still do in some areas today—and at a certain time of the year stood by the water and shook their clothes, believing that by doing so they were throwing their sins onto the innocent fish, which would then have to carry them away. Such and other customs, which were connected with the surrounding paganism, were seen by John the Baptist in those of whom he said: You have understood more from the serpent than from Yahweh. You therefore call yourselves children of the one who was destined to be your ancestor, children of Abraham, but you are wrong. I tell you: The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob could return to his original mission and bring forth from these stones, that is, from the earth, a race of men who would understand him better!

At this point, where the Bible gives us this expression, “God can raise children to Abraham from these stones,” there are so many words in the language of that time that are quite ambiguous and contain allusions. And these words are used deliberately to draw attention to the fact that there is a deeper meaning in these things. However, this matter can only be fully understood if we connect what I have just explained with the mission of Paul.

I have spoken often about this mission of Paul, and today I would like to present the point of view that is important for understanding what is to be achieved. How is it that Paul, who, as we have often mentioned, was not moved by what he experienced in Jerusalem to accept the meaning of the mystery of Golgotha into his view, how is it that he was completely convinced by the event in Damascus of what he called the resurrection of Christ? Here we must look a little more closely at how Paul was prepared for what appeared to him in the event at Damascus.

Paul had gone through the Jewish school of prophets of his time. He knew exactly that up to a certain point in human development, salvation for this stage of human development depended on holding fast to the God of the earth and understanding how Yahweh's mission was connected with the earth. But Paul knew that a time would come when the “higher,” that which comes into the earth from extraterrestrial conditions, would again become important. And it is important to realize that before Christ took on his mission for the earth through the mystery of Golgotha, he had his mission as Christ in cosmic regions, that he lived in super-earthly regions. More details about this are given in the cycle of lectures I recently gave in Leipzig.

We can trace back the extraterrestrial conditions and find how Christ first worked in super-earthly realms, how He then came closer and closer to the earth, so to speak, until He entered the earth's aura through the body of Jesus of Nazareth. Paul knew that this moment would come, but before the event in Damascus he did not see it in the Earth aura: “Christ is already here!” But he was prepared for it, and he tells us clearly that he was prepared. Read about this in the second letter to the Corinthians, chapter 12:

1. It is not for me to boast, but I will speak of the things which the Lord has done for me.

2. I know a man in Christ [Paul means himself]; fourteen years ago (whether he was in the body, I do not know; or whether he was out of the body, I do not know; God knows) he was caught up to the third heaven.

3. And I know that the man (whether he was in the body or out of the body, I do not know; God knows) was caught up to the third heaven.

3. And I know that same man (whether he was in the body or out of the body, I do not know; God knows);

4. who was caught up into paradise and heard inexpressible words, which man cannot utter.

5. For him I will glory, but for myself I will glory nothing, except my weakness.

What is Paul saying in these sentences? He is saying nothing less than that he was able, fourteen years ago—according to chronological circumstances, one would have to assume that this experience took place about six years after the events at Golgotha—to rise clairvoyantly into the spiritual realms. That is, he assures us himself: There lives a human being in him — and he wants to boast only of that human being, not of the physical human being — who can indeed look up into the spiritual worlds. And when he had that experience, it became clear to him: What did you see in the spiritual worlds when you looked up? You saw Christ as he still was above in the heavenly realms! Through the event at Damascus, it became clear to him that Christ had entered the earth's aura and was living in it.

This is the significant reason why some spirits spoke words that sound strange to us today at the time of the founding of Christianity. “The true Lucifer is Christ,” they said. They understood that if one looked up into the supersensible conditions in earlier times, one had to hold fast to the “serpent” if one understood human evolution correctly. But after the mystery of Golgotha, the conqueror of the serpent came down and is now the ruler of the earth. — All this is connected with the entire evolution of humanity.

What is the meaning of the fact that ancient Hebrew culture represents, so to speak, a protest against the astral religions of the surrounding peoples, against religions that see symbols of the divine in the clouds, in lightning and thunder? The meaning is that the human soul must prepare itself to perceive the I in such a way that it no longer receives the revelations of the spirit through the writing of the stars, no longer through what appears in lightning and thunder, but that it receives these revelations in the spiritual realm, through the spirit itself. If man really wanted to look up to Christ before, he could only do so in the sense of Zatathustra, by looking up to what could be called the physical shell of Christ, of Ahura Mazdao. Man could look up to the physical sun and its effects and know: Christ lives there. But, as it were, peeled out of the physical effects of the sun and penetrating the earth's aura as a spiritual sun, Christ has become the mystery of Golgotha. Yes, this is how Christ has become, penetrating the earth's aura, after the Yahweh or Jehovah worshippers had, in a sense, prepared him. And John the Baptist is to be understood in his most significant words if we understand him in this way.

And now the mystery of Golgotha was preparing itself. As it was preparing itself — I will now present things more abstractly; we will be able to go into more concrete details later — Christ Jesus and John the Baptist stood, as it were, opposite each other. If we consider what we have just said about John the Baptist, it will show us in what sense Christ Jesus stood, so to speak, opposite John the Baptist: he stood opposite John the Baptist, who understood best what it meant to worship the spirit of the earth.

Where did these abilities come from, especially within Judaism and also within other circles—for there were also other people who were more or less, but always through mysteries, inspired to worship the spirit of the earth in the right sense? Where did these abilities come from? Before the Mystery of Golgotha, these abilities were bound to what we can call the physical inheritance in human beings, to that physical inheritance which is also an earthly law. It is still complete folly for modern science to say what I am about to say; but it could also be a folly that is “folly before men and wisdom before God.” Before the Mystery of Golgotha, what we call cognitive abilities were essentially dependent in a certain way on hereditary conditions, and it was precisely the progress and advancement of human development that meant that cognition became independent of all natural hereditary conditions through imagination.

That is why it was often quite right in the ancient mysteries to pass on the mystery office from father to son and so on. What is significant is that in the time of the mystery of Golgotha, knowledge ceased to be dependent on purely physical conditions for the human race on earth. Through the progress of humanity, knowledge became a purely spiritual matter. The innermost part of the human soul became a purely spiritual matter, no longer dependent on external hereditary conditions.

What made it possible for human beings to retain their inner life undamaged, so to speak? Just consider the full significance of the fact that the innermost relationship of the human soul, the relationship of cognition, became a purely spiritual matter, that human beings could no longer inherit anything from their ancestors in terms of their abilities. Certainly, many people today would still like to inherit their cognitive abilities from their ancestors, but this is not possible. You can see that already. Goethe's abilities were not exactly passed on to his descendants, and you can't see it in others either.

But what would have happened to these abilities if they had not been spiritually sustained by something else, if they had not received a spiritual impulse? The inner abilities of human beings would have been orphaned. Man would have been placed on earth in such a way that he would have had to wait for whatever the earth would give him from its surroundings, whatever would shine into his senses, according to the nature of his karma. However, he would not have been able to appreciate this particularly, but would have had to be glad if he could soon leave the earth again, since he would not have been able to acquire any particularly valuable abilities on earth. Buddha made this very clear to people; hence his teaching, which distracted them from all earthly sensory perceptions.

Christ now became tangible in Jesus of Nazareth as that of which Christ Jesus could say at his baptism in the Jordan by John: Something came down into me from the super-earthly world that can fertilize the I. — In the human soul, contents will live in the future that come from extraterrestrial regions and are not merely inherited. Everything that could have been known before is merely inherited; it has been passed down from generation to generation along with the physical conditions. And the last one who managed to acquire higher abilities on the basis of what can be inherited is John the Baptist. “One of the greatest among those born of women,” said Christ Jesus of him. He pointed out how the old time is separated from the new, how the old time can rightly say: When I seek what is to live in my soul as that which leads me to the heights of humanity, I remember Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; for from them descended to me, through the line of inheritance, the abilities that enable humanity to reach heights. — But now these abilities must come from extraterrestrial regions. No longer merely look at the earth and find the God of the earth in Christ, but be conscious of the heavenly coming of Christ into the soul — that is what Christ Jesus pointed to at the moment when he spoke of John the Baptist as one of the greatest of those “born of women,” that is, those who carry within themselves the abilities that can be attained directly through physical inheritance.

This answers a question that may become quite important for our time. In the period when the third post-Atlantean epoch began to emerge in our fifth cultural epoch, as I have often explained, people began once again to look at what may appear to earthly human beings as extraterrestrial. But the resurrected astral religion could not be experienced in the same way as the ancient Egyptians or Chaldeans experienced their astral religion. Instead, it had to be experienced as it was experienced by someone who truly had a right to speak about these things.

In 1607, the words I would like to repeat here were spoken by someone who said: “In the whole of creation there is a wonderful harmony, both in the sensual and in the supersensible, in ideas as well as in things, in the realm of nature and in the realm of grace. This harmony exists both in things themselves and in their relationships to one another. The highest harmony is God, and he has imprinted an inner harmony on all souls as his image. Numbers, figures, the stars, nature itself harmonize with certain mysteries of the Christian religion. For example, just as there are three things at rest in the universe: the sun, the fixed stars, and the intermedium, and everything else is in motion, so it is in the one God: Father, Son, and Spirit. The sphere also represents the Trinity—the Father is the center, the Son is the surface, the Spirit is the equality of the distance from the center to the surface, the radius—as well as other mysteries. Without spirits and souls, there would be no harmony anywhere. In human souls there are harmonious predispositions of infinitely varied kinds. The whole earth is animated, and this brings about great harmony both on earth and between the earth and the stars. This soul works through the whole body of the earth, but has its seat in a certain part of it, just as the human soul has its seat in the heart; and from there, as from a focus or a source, its effects spread out into the ocean and the atmosphere of the earth. Hence the sympathy between the earth and the stars, hence the regular effects of nature. That the earth really has a soul is most clearly shown by the observation of the weather and the aspects through which it is produced each time. Under certain aspects and constellations, the air always becomes restless; if there are none, or few, or quickly passing ones, it remains calm.”

Kepler also expounds on these and similar ideas in his book Harmonices Mundi. For many things, only this original passage suffices: “The globe of the Earth will be a body like that of an animal, and what is the soul of the animal will be the ‘natura sublunaris’ of the Earth, which excites the weather in the presence of the aspects. This is not refuted by the fact that the agitation of the weather does not always coincide exactly with the aspects; the earth sometimes seems sluggish, sometimes agitated, so that it continues to emit vapors even without the presence of the aspects. It is not as obedient an animal as a dog, but rather like a cow or an elephant: slow to anger, but all the more violent when provoked.“ [Libri IV, Cap. VIL.]”

“These and countless other changes and phenomena that occur in and on the earth are so regular and measured that they cannot be attributed to blind causes, and since the planets themselves know nothing of the angles their rays form on the earth, the earth must have a soul.”

In his own way, he then says: “The earth is an animal. One can perceive in it everything that is analogous to the parts of the animal body. Plants and trees are its hair, metals its veins, sea water its drink. The earth has a formative power, a kind of imagination, movement, certain diseases, and the ebb and flow of the tides are the breathing of animals. The soul of the earth seems to be a kind of flame, hence the underground heat and hence no reproduction without heat. A certain image of the zodiac and the entire firmament is imprinted by God in the soul of the earth.“

”This is the bond between the heavenly and the earthly, the cause of the sympathy between heaven and earth: the archetypes of all their movements and actions are implanted in them by God, the Creator."

“The soul is at the center of the earth, sending out forms or impressions of itself in all directions and thus perceiving all harmonious changes and objects outside itself. As it is with the soul of the earth, so it is with the soul of man. All mathematical ideas and proofs, for example, are produced by the soul from itself, otherwise it could not have this high degree of certainty and definiteness.”

"The planets and their aspects influence the soul forces of human beings. They arouse emotions and passions of all kinds, often leading to the most terrible actions and events. They influence the conception of birth and thus the temperament and character of human beings, and this is the basis of a large part of astrology. — Probably, the sun not only spreads light and warmth throughout the universe, but is also the center and seat of pure reason and the source of harmony in the entire universe — and all the planets are animated.”

This was the spirit that prevailed in the 17th century — these words date from 1607, as I said — and it gave rise to a gaze upward. But you can already see it in these words: the gaze upward is permeated by Christianity. It was indeed a profound spirit that spoke the words I have just read, in which the connection between the human soul and that which divinely permeates and interweaves the world had a deep, profound effect. The same spirit that we have just heard speaking of the “soul of the earth” also produced the following beautiful words:

Hymn to God

Creator of the world, you eternal power! Through all the spaces
Your glory resounds; it resounds through heaven and earth.
Even the infant babbles after the voice, proclaiming
That the blasphemer may be silenced, loud is your infinite praise.
Great artist of the world, I gaze in wonder at the works
Of your hands, built according to artful designs,
And in the midst the sun, dispenser of light and life,
Which according to holy law restrains and guides the earth
In various courses. I see the labors of the moon
And there stars scattered on an immeasurable field -
Ruler of the world! You eternal power! Through all the worlds
Your immeasurable splendor soars on wings of light.

And we see even more into his soul when he says:

If now you can see images of things in a mirror,
But one day you shall recognize
The essence itself, what, eye, do you delay
Exchanging a nobler being for mere appearance?

Pieces of knowledge, if they delight you so much,
How blissful will you be when you see the whole!
Give up the lowly, O soul, boldly,
Quickly gain the eternally great.

If life here is daily death,
Yes, if death is the source of life,
O child of man, why do you delay dying
To greet the light reborn?

These words, and also the words of the Earth's soul, who spoke them at the beginning of the 17th century? They were spoken by the man who founded all modern astronomy, Johann Kepler, without whom modern astronomy could not exist. What monist would not praise Johann Kepler? Only the professed monists need be made aware of these words of Johann Kepler that have just been quoted, otherwise all talk about Johann Kepler remains what I do not wish to describe in a single word.

Here we already hear echoes of what looking up at the stars should become again: it is the newer reading of the script of the stars, as we are attempting it in our spiritual-scientific worldview. And the question with which we began today's reflection is answered: How do we come closer to the Christ impulse? How do we understand Christ? How do we come into the right relationship with him so that we can say: We truly accept the Christ impulse? — By learning to say with the same fervor and depth of feeling as in ancient Hebrew times: I look up to Abraham, my father — that is, to the physical line of inheritance — to the forefather Abraham, when I want to speak of the foundation of what I carry as most valuable in my soul — when we look today with the same depth of mind and soul mood to what comes from the spiritual heights and what fertilizes us spiritually, to Christ, when we attribute to Christ, not to any earthly power, but to Christ, all our abilities, everything we are capable of, so that it makes us human, to no earthly power but to Christ, then we gain a living relationship with Christ. “Do you rejoice in any ability, even the most ordinary, that makes you human? Where did you get it?” From Christ!

Just as the old Jew said when he died that he would return to Abraham's bosom — which in turn had a profound meaning — so we learn to understand the meaning of our time, the time that lies after the mystery of Golgotha, by adding to the old words “We are born of God” the words that correspond for us to the old “returning to Abraham's bosom” : “In Christ we die.”

When we learn to understand the mystery of Golgotha, we can gain that living relationship with Christ that we need, just as in ancient Hebrew times there was a living relationship with the God who was the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and this was expressed in the fact that everyone knew that with death they would return to the original father Abraham. And for people who live according to the mystery of Golgotha, this must be expressed in the awareness that in Christ we die!