Christ and the Spiritual World - The Search for the Holy Grail
GA 149
31 December 1913, Leipzig
Lecture IV
Yesterday we spoke of how preparation was made for that which had to come about for the evolution of humanity through the Mystery of Golgotha. We spoke of the three permeations of a Being of the higher Hierarchies by the Christ, and in the wonderful emergence of the Greek Apollo we found an echo of what had taken place at the end of the Atlantean time, as a far distant prefiguring of the Mystery of Golgotha. Now we have to inquire how the effects of this are manifest in the evolution of mankind. It will first be necessary to say something about the basic characteristics of the world pictures which appeared in post-Atlantean times as the echoes, or after effects, of the threefold Christ-event, for this, as we have seen, reached a certain conclusion at the end of the Atlantean Age.
Let us try to look more deeply into the fundamental characteristics of these world pictures. They arose as after effects in human souls of all that I described yesterday. These post-Atlantean world-pictures are indeed the reflections of the threefold Christ-event in the souls of post-Atlantean mankind. From this point of view we need say only a few words about the first post-Atlantean epoch. We know that in terms of spirituality it was the highest post-Atlantean epoch up to now, but that what the souls of the holy Rishis and their disciples received from it was less penetrated by the Mysteries of which I spoke yesterday.
The first post-Atlantean world-picture to show a direct effect of the threefold Christ-event was that which arose from the Zarathustrian impulse. Now I must here remark in parenthesis that I shall have to introduce words which—because of the way they are used today—have a dry, abstract, even pedantic sound; but, search as one may through the language; there are no other words available. And so I shall want to appeal to your souls to understand by these words something far more spiritual than anything they can signify for the and scholarship of the present time.
From the point of view relevant here I should like to associate the Zarathustrian world-picture with “Chronology”. It looks beyond the two Beings, Ahura Mazdao and Ahriman, to the workings of Time—Zervan Akarana. Not, however, the abstract Time we think of today, but Time viewed as a living, super-personal Being. From this Being proceed the rulers of Time; first of all the Amshaspands, the spiritual Beings who are symbolised in cosmic space by the signs of the Zodiac. Through the number six—or twelve if we reckon in their antipodes—they rule over the Izeds, who rank below them and are 28–31 in number. The Izeds are spirits of a lower kind, servants of the high Time Beings; they regulate the days of the month.
The Zarathustrian consciousness looked at the wonderful harmony which works through forces and is symbolised numerically by all the relations and combinations which result from the interweaving of 28 to 31 with 12. It looked into all that streams into the world and resounds through it, because in the great world-orchestra the instruments sound harmoniously together in these numerical relationships. For the Zarathustrian world-picture this appears as the ordering and harmonising principle in the cosmic order. I want to give only a hint of these relationships. And because in that which creates, and nourishes itself in creating, in that which takes the world-pictures into itself, absorbing them spiritually and carrying them over to higher stages—because the Zarathustrian outlook sees in “Time” something living and super-personal—so, while spiritualising the term, we may call this world-picture “Chronology”, whereby we are led to think at once of the god Kronos, the Regent of Time.
Then we come to the third post-Atlantean epoch. Yesterday I described it as the epoch in which knowledge was kindled in human souls by the forces which shone out from the stars; when the secrets of the world were no longer discerned only through the relations between the Rulers of Time in the super-sensible, for these were becoming manifest in the realm of sense existence. In the courses of the stars, in the signature of their movements in cosmic space, men could now perceive how harmony and melody in cosmic happenings are brought about. This picture of the world I would like to call Astrology. So Chronology is followed by Astrology. And everything that was disclosed by the true, authentic Chronology of Zarathustrianism, and by the true, authentic Astrology of the Egyptian and Chaldean Mysteries—all this was activated by the secret influence which had come into the world though the threefold Christ-event before the Atlantean catastrophe.
And what followed in Greece or in the Graeco-Latin epoch? What I am now going to say applies not only to the Greek and Roman cultures, but also to all the other regions of Europe. Yesterday I tried to illustrate it through a single example, but it holds good, one might say, for all the West. Let us recall how the Greeks reverenced Apollo, the reflection of the Nathan Jesus-child as he had been at the end of the Atlantean time. It was out of the Hyperborean land, from the North, that Apollo came to the Oracle at Delphi. Through the Pythia, in summer, he spoke the most important things that the Greeks wished to hear. In the autumn he returned to his Hyperborean land. We connected this journey of Apollo with the journeys of the sun; but it is the spiritual sun that speaks through Apollo, and the spiritual sun goes away to the north, while the physical sun goes to the south. The myths are seen to be endlessly full of wisdom if they are considered in the light of true occultism. But in revering Apollo the Greeks did not look on the sun as his visible sign in the heavens; Apollo was not a sun god in this sense. For a god symbolised by the external sun the Greeks had Helios; it was he who regulated the course of the sun in the sky. Even if we take only the physical sun into account, we find that its influence on earth-life is not confined to the direct effects of its rays. The sun works in the first place through air and water and water-vapour, and so through the vapours which (as we have seen) rise from the site of the Castalian spring and coil round the neighbouring hillsides like a dragon—the dragon killed by the Greek St. George. The sun works in all the elements, and after it has worked into them, inoculated them, its activity plays out from them on to human beings, through the servants whom we call elemental spirits. In the elements the Sun-Spirit is actively alive, and this is the activity the Greeks saw in their Apollo.
Thus for the Greeks Apollo was a sun god, but not the Helios who drove the chariot of the sun across the heavens and to some extent regulated the times of the day. In Apollo the Greeks saw the sun's activity in the atmosphere, and this activity they addressed as Apollo when they addressed it spiritually. And so it was with many gods and spiritual beings whom we find in the West. I could mention many, but we need point only to Wotan with his wild host, rushing through the storm. What form then did the world-picture—still echoing the threefold Christ-event—take in the fourth post-Atlantean epoch? Again I must make use of a pedantic, dried out word. Astrology was followed by Meteorology. Chronology, Astrology, Meteorology! We have only to bring the “logy” into relation with the Logos.
But while all this was breaking in over the Western world, something else streamed into the whole post-Atlantean civilisation. This too was an after-echo of the threefold Christ-event, but it came from quite another side. And this fourth element, running as though parallel to the Meteorology of the fourth post-Atlantean epoch, is something I must again designate with a dry, pedantic word: Geology—but I beg you once more to relate the “logy” to the Logos. Geology, then—where do we encounter it?
The development of the ancient Hebrew civilisation will never reveal its particular secrets unless it is studied as Geology, in our sense of the term. How do we first come upon the ranks of the Elohim, or upon the Jahve-god?1On the subject of the creative work performed by Jahve together with the other six Elohim, see Genesis. Secrets of the Bible Story of Creation. Lecture-course given by Dr. Steiner in Munich, August, 1910. We meet him first when he wishes to form into man something taken from the Earth itself. He wishes to clothe with a new covering, an Earth-vesture, the part of man that has come down from earlier times, from Saturn, Sun, Moon. Jahve is precisely the god who forms man out of the Earth—that is, out of the forces and elements of the Earth. Therefore the ancient Hebrew wisdom, since it professed the Jahve-god, had to become Geology. And this teaching about man, that he is formed out of the forces of the Earth, is Geology. Is not the geological character of the ancient Hebrew teaching shown to us at once in the name of the first man, Adam—he who was formed out of earth! That is the significant point that we must keep before us: among other peoples—the peoples with a meteorological world-picture, let us say—the creation of man is spoken of quite differently, with the emphasis on his soul. In the Greek tradition, for example, we see Prometheus engaged in the forming of man. Athene lends her aid and causes a spark from spiritual heights to be united with man. Prometheus forms the soul in the symbolic likeness of a butterfly. The Jahve-god forms man out of earth; and he, the Jahve-god, having become in the course of his evolution the Ruler of Earth, breathes out of his own substance a living soul into man. So Jahve unites himself through his breath with what he has formed out of earth. And he wishes to dwell in his offspring, in his living breath, in Adam and his descendants; those beings whom Jahve considered it his task to clothe in earth. And now to carry this further, let us try to call up before our souls everything we find handed down by the Bible from Hebrew antiquity itself.
We know, and have emphasised, that the Earth develops certain forces. Goethe and Giordano Bruno, among others, compare these forces to those of in-breathing and out-breathing in human beings. The Earth does have forces of in-breathing and out-breathing which bring about ebb and flow, the swelling and sinking of the waters; they are inner Earth-forces, but the same as those which guide the Moon round the Earth. In water-effects we encounter a manifestation of these Earth-forces. In this realm the Bible shows us the Deluge as another important event after the creation of Adam, the ‘man of earth’. And now let us pass on to the time of Moses!
If we look at the doings of Moses in the right light, we find them constantly related to activities of the Earth. Moses goes to the rocks with his rod and makes water gush out. Moses goes up the mountain. Above and below, the mountain is connected with Earth activity. For we must think of this mountain as a volcano, or at least as volcanic. It is not the Sinai generally imagined; the Earth is active in it. The column of fire in which Moses stands is akin to what happens when we bum a piece of paper in the sulphur hills of Italy and smoke comes out. So does fiery smoke, telluric activity, come out of the mountain. And in telluric activity the Jews always saw symbols. In front of them went the pillar of cloud or of fire—telluric activity! We could go deeply into details and everywhere we should find that the spirit of Earth prevails in all that Moses gives out as a revelation of the Jahve-god. What Moses proclaims is Geology!
The profound difference between the Greek and the Hebrew conceptions of the world will never be understood unless it is recognised that the Greek conception belongs to Meteorology, and the Hebrew conception to Geology. The Greeks felt that they were living in the midst of forces pouring in on the Earth from the surrounding Cosmos; pouring into the air and pervading the atmosphere. The Hebrews felt themselves in close relationship to forces rising from the Earth below and bound up with the Earth. Yes, even the sufferings of the Hebrew people come from the desert, where the Earth-forces prevail. Geology dominates the destiny of the Hebrews. Geology, expressed now in the fruitfulness of the Earth, is what draws them, through the reports of their spies, to the Promised Land.2See Numbers, XIII. 16.
Paul knew well that this consciousness of a connection with the Earth-spirit is a result of the pre-earthly Christ-event, for he indicates that it was the Christ who led the Jews through the desert and caused water to flow from the rock. And if we were to go on from the Bible to some of the significant Hebrew legends, we should find them permeated with Geology, in the sense meant here. Thus we are told how Jahve, when he was forming man out of earth, sent forth an angel to gather earths of different colours from all parts of the Earth, so that everything belonging to the Earth should be mingled in Adam's bodily vesture. Today we should say that Jahve took great care to place man on the Earth so that in his true being he would be the highest flower, the crown, of earthly creation.
For the Chaldeans, the Egyptians, the Zoroastrians, the Greeks, the Romans and the European peoples of central and northern Europe, the most important part of man was the part that came from the spiritual world. For the Jews, the most important element in man was connected with the Earth and its forces. Jahve felt himself as the god whose spiritual rulership prevailed throughout the Earth.
Thus we can regard as the most important event in the fourth post-Atlantean epoch the emergence of Geology side by side with Meteorology. And a wonderful spiritual reflection of this comes to expression in ancient Hebrew prophecy.
What were these prophets really striving for? Let us try to look into the prophetic souls of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Hezekiah, Daniel, Joel, Jonah and Zechariah. If we do this quite impartially, without any preconceptions, we find that they were endeavouring, fundamentally, to bring a particular soul-force into the forefront of the soul and to drive another soul-force down, as it were, into the depths. I have already asked you to notice how, in the paintings by Michelangelo which I described, the prophets are always depicted sitting there as if wrapped in deep thought, inwardly at rest, so that one sees how in the devotion of their souls they are connected through sub-earthly depths with the Eternal. In contrast with them Michelangelo places the Sibyls, who are open to the elemental powers of the Earth. Thus the hair of one Sibyl is blown about by the wind; even her blue mantle billows in the wind, and under the influence of the wind she utters her prophecies. We see another Sibyl seized by inner fire; in the typically assertive gesture of her hand we see the fire, the earthly element. We could look again at these Sibyls one by one and we should find that they live in the midst of the forces which play into their souls from the elemental surroundings of the Earth. These Sibylline forces, which so to speak draw into their souls the spirit of the elements and bring it to expression—these are the forces that the old Jewish Prophets wanted to repress. If you read impartially the whole history of the Jewish Prophets, you will find that the prophet sets himself—and that is the aim of his training—to suppress in himself the Sibylline urge and to prevent it from ever breaking out.
Apollo changed the Sibylline impulse of the Pythia by sinking himself into it and speaking through her. The Prophets wanted to suppress everything Pythian in their souls and to cultivate solely that which works in the clear force of the Ego; the Ego which is bound up with the Earth and belongs to it; the Ego which is the spiritual counterpart of the geological element. How the Eternal reveals itself in the Ego through calm repose, when the Sibylline elements are silent, when all inner turmoil ceases, when only calm prevails and gazes into the grounds of the Eternal—that is what the Jewish Prophets wished to manifest, so that their proclamations could spring from a temper of soul which corresponds in the highest degree with Geology.
Thus the stirring message that sounds forth to us from the Prophets is like an out flowing of the geological element, and even when things turn out quite differently from what has been prophesied, this very fact shows us how closely bound are the Prophets to the element of Geology. A future kingdom which will redeem the existing kingdom while remaining in all appearance an earthly kingdom, a heaven on Earth—that is first of all what the Prophets announce, so closely are they united with Geology.
This geological element in the Prophets flowed on even into the early days of Christianity, since people expected not only the return of the Messiah, but that he would come down from the clouds and found his kingdom on Earth. The distinctive inner character of Jewish culture will be understood only if it is taken in this sense as Geology. This was what the Prophets longed for and inculcated in their pupils—to suppress the Sibylline element, together with everything that leads the soul into unconscious depths, and to make manifest that which lives in the Ego.
The relations of all other peoples to their gods were different from those of the Jews to their Jahve. The other relations were predetermined: they reflected the outcome of the relations of men to the spirits of the higher Hierarchies during the Saturn, Sun and Moon periods. The Jewish people had the task of developing a relationship which belonged specially to the Earth period. But when the Ego wishes to establish a relationship with its god, how does this find expression? Not as inspiration, so that morality springs from the operation of divine forces within the soul, but as commandment. The form of commandment found in the Decalogue is encountered first among the Jews—whatever nonsense learned men may talk about earlier commandments, Hammurabi, and so forth. I cannot go now into the follies of modern scholarship. The commandments that arise when the Ego stands directly over against God and receives from God the rule, the precept, that the Ego must follow out of its own inner will—this kind of commandment is met with first among the Jewish people. And it is here, too, that we first find God entering into a covenant with his people.
The other gods worked with forces which are always connected with subconscious realms of the soul. Let us recall how Apollo worked through the Pythia, and how a person on his way to the Pythia had to prepare himself, so that the god might be able to speak to him. Apollo spoke through the unconscious soul-life of the Pythia. In contrast with this we have the Jahve-god uttering his commandments, making a covenant with his people, speaking directly to the Ego in the soul. And the Prophets immediately wax wrath if something happens which did often happen to the Jewish people—if the influence of heathen peoples gains sway over the Jews. No subconscious forces were to be allowed to influence the Jews; everything had to rest on the alliance with God and the principle of the Law. That was the especial concern of the Prophets. And now let us look back a little, with the aid of occult knowledge, over what we have already tried to illustrate.
Yesterday we came to know about the threefold Christ-event which took place in Lemurian and Atlantean times. We saw how on three occasions the Being who appeared later as the Nathan Jesus-child was permeated by the Christ, but in such a way that he did not incarnate on Earth but remained in spiritual worlds. And when we look back over what happened then, we must say that what was accomplished in Atlantean times flowed over into the East.
For example, Elijah was one of the Prophets—but in what sense is he a Prophet?3On the subject of the Prophet Elijah, see the following lecture-courses by Dr. Steiner: The Gospel of St. Mark (lectures III and VI) and The Gospel of St. Luke (lecture VI). He is a servant of the God Jahve, but in his soul an echo of the threefold Christ-event lives on. In his soul is the knowledge: “As a prophet of Jahve I must above all things proclaim that in Jahve there lives the Christ who will later on fulfil the Mystery of Golgotha; the Christ who poured His enduring influence into the cosmos through His third experience at the end of the Atlantean time.” Elijah proclaimed the Christ-filled Jahve. For the Christ was indeed living in Jahve, the Jahve-god, but as a reflection of Himself. As the moon reflects the sunlight, so did Jahve reflect the Being who then lived as Christ. Christ caused his Being to be reflected from Jahve or the Jahve-god. But a messenger such as Elijah worked in the after-effects of the threefold Christ-event; we might say that Elijah went ahead of the Nathan Jesus-being, who was passing spiritually from West to East in order to find his way into the course of civilisation and then to be born as one of the Jesus-children.
The overflow, as it were, of Meteorology, especially when this came into touch with Geology, was felt by all peoples as a heralding of things to come. And we meet with the remarkable fact that in the region which afterwards became so important for Christianity one of these prefiguring signs occurred. We see how in the most varied places of Asia Minor, and also in Europe, festivals were held which were like foreshadowings of the Mystery of Golgotha. The cults of Attis and Adonis have been correctly noted as having this character. But if we look at these festivals in their true light, we see that the event they prefigure is on the meteorological level. The god who was slain as Adonis, and who rose again, was not thought of as embodied in the flesh. What his worshippers had for a god was primarily an image, a picture; and in fact it was a picture of the angelic Being who in spiritual heights was permeated by the Christ at the close of the Atlantean time and was later born as the Nathan Jesus-child. It was the destiny of the Nathan Jesus-child that was celebrated in the worship of Adonis and Attis.
We can now say that it was part of the karma of world history—you will perhaps look for something more behind these words—that in the place where the Bible with a certain truth locates the birth of the Jesus-child—in Bethlehem—there was a centre of the Adonis cult. Bethlehem was one of the places where Adonis had been worshipped. The Adonis who died and rose, again was often celebrated there, and so was an aura prepared by the calling up of a memory: Once in the spiritual heights there was a Being who then belonged still to the Hierarchy of Angels and was later to come to Earth as the Nathan Jesus-child; a Being who at the end of the Atlantean time had been permeated by the Christ. What had formerly been done for the harmonising of thinking, feeling and willing—this was celebrated at the Adonis festivals. And in Bethlehem, where Adonis festivals had been held, we have also the birthplace of the Nathan Jesus-child. In conjunction, these words sound strange. But when we have sought out the threefold Christ-event, the super-earthly event which on three occasions preceded the Mystery of Golgotha, do we not see the Christ pass over from West to East, to the place where the Mystery of Golgotha was to be fulfilled? Do we not see how He had sent His messenger in Elijah, and do we not know how in his next incarnation the messenger reappeared as John the Baptist? And are we not expressly told of this in a wonderful harmony of words: “He sent his angel before him, to herald his coming?”4“Behold, I will send my messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me.” Malachi, III. 1. “For this is he of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee.” Matthew, XI. 10. That can be said as well of John as of Elijah. Or even better of Elijah, as will be understood by those who remember my saying that Elijah remained in spiritual heights and worked through a representative, so that he himself never went about on Earth. If you reflect on that, the expression, “He sent his angel before him”, is even more appropriate to Elijah than to John. Such messengers were always messengers of the Christ, who was passing from West to East.
And now the Geology of the Jews was to be permeated by the spiritual Being whom we have learnt to see as having a particular activity in relation to the Earth. Geology was to be Christened (durchchristet). The spirit of the Earth was to be experienced in a new way by men; they had to be enabled to free this spirit, in a certain sense, from the Earth. But this was possible only if there came a power which could free the spirit of the Earth from the forces of the Earth. This happened when the Earth's aura was permeated by the power of the Christ and in consequence a change came over the Earth itself. The Christ entered into the forces which the Jahve-god had released and gave them a different character.
From all this, if we look back over it, we can understand why the laurel became a visible symbol of Apollo. For those who bring something of Spiritual Science to the study of the plant kingdom, the laurel has a strong connection with meteorological conditions. It is shaped and built out of Meteorology. Another plant is much more closely bound up with the Earth; is so to speak an expression of Geology. If one really feels how the oil penetrates the olive tree, so that in one's own soul the elemental forces are stirred by the way in which the tree allows a new sprout to be grafted on to it and to flourish there—then one can feel how the olive tree is inwardly penetrated with the oil of Earth. One can feel the earthly element pulsing through the oil.
And now you will remember something I touched on in the second lecture—that Paul was called to build a bridge between Hebrew antiquity and Christianity, between Geology and Christology. As we said, Paul's activity extends through the realm of the olive tree. And if we understand Apollo in the vapours rising from the mountain chasms, and how through the vapours he inspires the Pythia and speaks oracular words concerning human fate, then we can also feel how the elemental forces stream from the olive tree into its environment, and these are forces familiar to the soul of Paul. We can feel it in his words. He immerses himself, as it were, in Geology in order to feel the elemental forces in the aura of the olive tree and to let its aura inspire him in that geographical realm where his work lay.
Nowadays people read these things far too abstractly. They imagine that things said by writers in the past were as abstract, as dependent only on the brain, as are the things often said by modern authors. People do not reflect how not only understanding and reason, but all the forces of the soul, can be connected in a primordial earthly sense with all that gives a certain region its particular stamp. It was the olive tree that gave its stamp to the Pauline region. And when Paul sought to raise the Jewish Geology up to himself, then it was that—inspired by the olive tree—he spoke the most important things concerning the relationship of the Christ-filled man to men who are far from Christ. Let us hear the strange words Paul uses when he wishes to bring the Gentile Christians into relation with the Jews. They are not to be taken abstractly, but as words that rise new-minted from the elemental depths of his soul: Romans XI. 13–24. (From the New English Bible):
“But I have something to say to you Gentiles. I am a missionary to the Gentiles, and as such I give all honour to that ministry when I try to stir emulation in the men of my own race, and so to save some of them. For if their rejection has meant the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance mean? Nothing less than life from the dead! If the first portion of dough is consecrated, so is the whole lump. If the root is consecrated, so are the branches. But if some of the branches have been lopped off, and you, a wild olive, have been grafted in among them, and have come to share the same root and sap as the olive, do not make yourself superior to the branches. If you do so, remember that it is not you who sustain the root: the root sustains you.
“You will say, ‘Branches were lopped off so that I might be grafted in.’ Very well: they were lopped off for lack of faith, and by faith you hold your place. Put away your pride, and be on your guard; for if God did not spare the native branches, no more will he spare you. Observe the kindness and the severity of God—severity to those who fell away, divine kindness to you, if only you remain within its scope; otherwise you too will be cut off, whereas they, if they do not continue faithless, will be grafted in; for it is in God's power to graft them in again. For if you were cut from your native wild olive and against all nature grafted into the cultivated olive, how much more readily will they, the natural olive-branches, be grafted into their native stock!”
Thus wrote he of whom tomorrow we will speak further, showing how he took what he had to say from Jewish Geology and drew a superb picture of the elemental forces which rise up from the Earth and reign in the olive tree.
Vierter Vortrag
In welcher Weise vorbereitet war, was für die Menschheitsentwikkelung der Erde durch das Mysterium von Golgatha hat geschehen sollen, davon haben wir gestern gesprochen. Wir haben gesprochen von den drei Durchdringungen eines Wesens der höheren Hierarchien mit dem Christus und haben in der wunderbaren griechischen Apollo-Erscheinung den Nachklang dessen gefunden, was stattgefunden hat am Ende der atlantischen Zeit wie eine weit zurückliegende Vorherverkündigung dieses Mysteriums von Golgatha.
Nun wird es uns obliegen, zu suchen, in welcher Weise das, was also in die Menschheitsentwickelung eingezogen ist, gewirkt hat. Dazu wird es notwendig sein, zunächst den Grundcharakter der Weltanschauungen ein wenig zu charakterisieren, welche in der nachatlantischen Zeit als Nachklänge, als Nachwirkungen aufgetreten sind dieses dreifachen Christus-Ereignisses, das nach unserer gestrigen Schilderung mit dem Ende der atlantischen Zeit gewissermaßen abgeschlossen war.
Versuchen wir einmal uns zu vertiefen in den Grundcharakter der Weltanschauungen, die in der nachatlantischen Zeit entstanden sind. Sie sind ja entstanden so, daß in dem, was dann die Menschenseele geworden ist durch alles das, was ich Ihnen gestern erzählt habe, etwas nachwirkt. Es sind diese nachatlantischen Weltanschauungen ja wie die Spiegelungen dieses dreifachen Christus-Ereignisses in den nachatlantischen Menschenseelen. Wir brauchen von diesem Gesichtspunkte aus nur wenige Worte zu sagen über die erste nachatlantische Zeit. Wir haben sie von anderen Gesichtspunkten aus öfter charakterisiert. Hier soll nur gesagt werden, daß sie in bezug auf Spiritualität die bisher höchste nachatlantische Kulturperiode war, daß sie aber noch etwas aufnahm in die Seelen der heiligen Rishis und ihrer Bekenner, was in gewisser Weise weniger durchdrungen war von jenen Mysterien, von denen ich gestern gesprochen habe.
Die erste nachatlantische Weltanschauung, die uns entgegentritt wie eine unmittelbare Wirkung dieses dreifachen Christus-Ereignisses, das ist die Weltanschauung, die unter den Impulsen des Zarathustra entstanden ist. Nun muß ich hier einflechten, daß ich Worte werde gebrauchen müssen, die durch den Gebrauch, den man heute von ihnen macht, abstrakt und trocken, sogar pedantisch klingen. Aber wie man auch herumsuchen mag in der Sprache, es stehen zunächst keine anderen Worte zur Verfügung. Und so möchte ich an Ihre Seelen appellieren, unter den Worten, die ich jetzt gebrauchen werde, etwas unendlich viel Geistigeres zu verstehen, als was heute die trockene Wissenschaft unter diesen Worten versteht. Die Zarathustra-Weltanschauung möchte ich von dem hier zu berücksichtigenden Gesichtspunkt aus nennen eine Weltanschauung der «Chronologie». Über den beiden Wesen, Ahura Mazdao und Ahriman, schaut die Zarathustra-Weltanschauung auf Zaruana akarana — das Wirken der Zeit. Aber nicht der abstrakten Zeit, wie wir sie heute auffassen, sondern die Zeit als ein lebendiges, ein überpersönliches Wesen gedacht. Schaut doch die Zarathustra-Anschauung dieses Wesen, das wir fassen müssen in das Wort Zeit, so, daß von diesem Wesen ausgehen die Regierer der Zeit: Zunächst jene geistigen Wesenheiten, die symbolisiert werden im Weltenraum durch die Tierkreiszeichen, die Amshaspands. Sie regeln durch ihre Sechszahl, oder, wenn wir ihre Antipoden dazunehmen, durch ihre Zwölfzahl. Die Izeds, die ja unter diesen Amshaspands stehen, 28 bis 31 an der Zahl, sind Geister niederer Art, Diener des hohen Zeitenwesens, die im Monat die Tage regeln. In jene wunderbare Harmonie schaute das Zarathustra-Bewußtsein hinein, die in der Welt durch Kräfte wirkt und die sich in der Zahl symbolisiert durch all die Verhältnisse und Kombinationen, die durch 28 bis 31 zu 12 zustande kommen. In all das schaute sie hinein, was gleichsam in die Welt hineinströmt und hineinwallt dadurch, daß in dem großen Weltenorchester die Instrumente in diesen Zahlenverhältnissen zusammenklingen. Das betrachtete die Zarathustra-Weltanschauung als das Ordnende, als das Harmonisierende der Weltordnung. Nur hindeuten möchte ich auf diese Verhältnisse. Und weil das so ist, weil in dem, was schafft und im Schaffen zugleich zehrt, was in sich aufnimmt die Anschauungen der Welt, gleichsam sie geistig verdauend und sie hinübertragend zu anderen Stufen, weil die ZarathustraAnschauung in der «Zeit» etwas Lebendiges, etwas Überpersönliches sieht, so dürfen wir, dieses Wort vergeistigend, diese Weltanschauung «Chronologie» nennen, wobei wir zugleich an den Gott Chronos, an den Regenten der Zeit denken.
Dann kommen wir in den dritten nachatlantischen Zeitraum, den wir schon gestern charakterisierten als denjenigen, in welchem die Seelen angeregt wurden zu ihrem Wissen durch die Kräftewesen, die aus den Sternen erglänzten, wo nicht mehr bloß das Weltengeheimnis gesehen wurde in den im Übersinnlichen waltenden Verhältnissen des Zeitenwesens, sondern wo schon hereingegangen wurde in das Sinnensein und man im Sinnensein, in dem Gang der Sterne und in der Schrift, die sie in den Weltenraum hineinschreiben, das Harmonisierende sah, das Melodisierende des Weltgeschehens. Diese Weltanschauung möchte ich Astrologie nennen. Auf die Chronologie folgte die Astrologie. Und alles das, was die echte, wahre Chronologie des Zarathustrismus, was die echte, wahre Astrologie der ägyptischen und chaldäischen Mysterien enthüllt, all das war angeregt durch die Geheimnisse, die an der Welt tätig waren durch die dreimalige Christus-Tatsache vor der großen atlantischen Katastrophe.
Und was folgte im Griechentum oder in der griechisch-lateinischen Zeit? Nicht nur für das Griechentum und Römertum, auch für die übrigen Gebiete Europas gilt, was ich jetzt sagen werde. Ich habe es nur gestern an einem einzelnen Falle zu erläutern versucht, es gilt sozusagen für das ganze Abendland. Wir können noch einmal darauf zurückblicken, wie der Grieche den Apollo verehrt hatte, diesen Abglanz des nathanischen Jesusknaben, so wie er aber noch war am Ende der atlantischen Zeit. Wir sagten: Aus dem Hyperboräerland, von Norden her, kam der Apollo zum Orakel von Delphi. Durch die Pythia sprach er das Wichtigste, was der Grieche hören wollte, zur Sommerszeit. Im Herbste kehrte er zurück in sein Hyperboräerland. Wir haben diesen Gang des Apollo in Zusammenhang gebracht mit dem Gang der Sonne. Aber weil es die geistige Sonne ist, die durch Apollo spricht, so nimmt er, während die physische Sonne zum Süden geht, seinen Gang nach Norden. Unendlich weisheitsvoll ergeben sich die Mythen, wenn wir sie im Lichte des wahren Okkultismus betrachten. Und dennoch war es nicht das Hinaufblicken zu den Sternen, was für den Griechen den Apollo symbolisierte: Wenn der Grieche den Apollo verehrte, schaute er nicht eigentlich zur Sonne als zu seinem äußeren Sternensymbolum. Nicht in dem Sinne ist Apollo Sonnengott, daß die äußere Sonne ihn symbolisiert hätte — dafür hatte der Grieche seinen Helios, der den Gang der Sonne am Himmel regelte. Es wirkt die Sonne ja nicht so für unser Erdendasein, auch wenn wir das Physische ansprechen, daß nur das zur Wirksamkeit kommt auf den Menschen, was direkt durch die Sonnenstrahlen herniederfließt; sondern es wirkt die Sonne zuerst in Luft und Wasser, in den Wasserdämpfen, auch in den Dämpfen, von denen wir gesagt haben, daß sie aufstiegen aus dem Schlunde des Kastalischen Quells und drachenartig das benachbarte Gebirge umwandelten und daß dieser Drache durch den griechischen Sankt Georg getötet worden sei. In allen Elementen wirkt die Sonne, und nachdem sie bereits eingedrungen ist, durchimpft hat die irdischen Elemente, wirkt sie von diesen aus auf den Menschen, gleichsam durch die Diener, die wir als Elementargeister bezeichnen. In den Elementen lebend wirkt der Sonnengeist, und diese Wirksamkeit, die schaute der Grieche in seinem Apollo.
Apollo war ihm der Sonnengott, aber nicht der, der als Helios den Sonnenwagen über den Himmel fuhr und etwa die Tageszeiten regelte. Der Grieche sah, indem er zu Apollo aufschaute, in die Sonnenwirkungen der Atmosphäre. Was da Sonnenwirkung ist, das sprach er, indem er es geistig ansprach, als Apollo an. Und so war es bei vielen Göttern und geistigen Wesenheiten, die wir im Abendlande finden. Wir brauchen nur hinzuweisen — ich könnte noch auf vieles andere hinweisen — auf Wotan, der im Sturm dahinsaust, und auf sein wildes Heer. — Was war in diesem vierten nachatlantischen Zeitraum die Weltanschauung geworden, die unter dem Einfluß der dreifachen Christus-Tatsache stand, als ein Nachklang derselben? Wiederum muß ich ein pedantisches Wort, das trocken geworden ist, gebrauchen: Meteorologie war gefolgt auf die Astrologie. Chronologie — Astrologie — Meteorologie! Nur müssen wir die «logie» mit Logos in Zusammenhang bringen. — Aber während dies alles hereinbrach über die westliche Welt, strömte hinein in die ganze nachatlantische Kultur etwas anderes, was von einer ganz anderen Seite her ein Nachklang der dreifachen Christus-Tatsache war. Und dieses vierte, das sich wie parallel nebenhin begab, neben die Meteorologie der vierten nachatlantischen Zeit, das war etwas, was ich wiederum mit einem trockenen pedantischen Wort bezeichnen muß — aber ich bitte wiederum, sich «logie» mit Logos zusammenzubringen —, das war geworden: Geologie. Geologie, wo tritt sie uns entgegen?
Man wird niemals die eigentlichen Geheimnisse der althebräischen Kulturentwickelung verstehen, wenn man sie nicht in dem Sinne als Geologie nehmen wird, in dem wir sie jetzt als Geologie betrachten wollen. Wie tritt uns zunächst die Schar der Elohim, wie tritt uns der Jahvegott entgegen? So tritt er uns entgegen, daß er das zum Menschen bilden will, was von der Erde selber genommen wird. Umhüllen will er mit einer neuen Hülle, mit der Erdenhülle das, was von den früheren Zeiten, von Saturn, Sonne, Mond herübergekommen ist. Jahve ist gerade der Gott, der aus Erde den Menschen formt, das heißt aus den Kräften, aus den Elementen der Erde. Daher mußte die althebräische Weisheit als Bekennerin des Jahvegottes Geologie werden. Und die Lehre vom Menschen, der aus den Kräften der Erde geformt ist, ist Geologie. Wird uns nicht gleich, indem uns der Name des ersten Menschen hingestellt wird, der geologische Charakter der althebräischen Lehre hingestellt: Adam -- der aus Erde Gebildete! Das ist das Bedeutsame, das man ins Auge fassen muß: All das, was die anderen, ich möchte sagen die Völker mit der meteorologischen Weltanschauung, als Seele faßten, all das spricht anders über die Menschenformung. Schauen wir hin auf die griechische Weltanschauung, wie Prometheus dasitzt und den Menschen formt. Pallas Athene kommt herzu und bewirkt aus geistigen Höhen die Verbindung des Menschen mit dem Geistesfunken. Prometheus formt die Seele im Symbolum des Schmetterlings. Der Jahvegott formt den Menschen aus Erde, und er, der Jahvegott, der im Laufe seiner Entwickelung zum Erdenherrn geworden wars, haucht dem Menschen aus seiner eigenen Substanz die lebendige Seele ein. So verbindet sich Jahve durch seinen Hauch mit dem, was er aus Erde geformt hat. Und er will wohnen in seinem Sohne, in seinem lebendigen Hauche, in Adam und seinen Nachkommen, den Erdensöhnen, denjenigen Wesen, deren Hülle aus Erde zu formen der Jahvegott als seine Aufgabe betrachtete. Und wenn wir jetzt weitergehen: Versuchen wir einmal, all das, was wir im althebräischen Altertum selbst von der Bibel überliefert finden, vor unsere Seele zu rufen.
Wir wissen, wir haben es betont, daß die Erde gewisse Kräfte entwickelt. Goethe, Giordano Bruno und andere vergleichen diese Kräfte mit den Kräften des Ein- und Ausatmens beim Menschen. Die Erde entwickelt gewisse Kräfte, Ausatmungs- und Einatmungskräfte, welche Ebbe und Flut, das Anschwellen und Absinken des Wassers bewirken, innere Kräfte der Erde, dieselben Kräfte aber auch, welche den Mond um die Erde herum geleiten. Das sind diese Erdenkräfte. In den Wasserwirkungen treten uns diese Erdenkräfte entgegen als Erdenwirksamkeit. In den Wasserkräften verzeichnet uns die Bibel die Sintflut als ein weiteres wichtiges Ereignis nach der Schöpfung Adams, des Erdenmenschen. Und gehen wir weiter bis in die Zeit des Moses: Wenn wir richtig studieren, um was es sich überall handelt, es sind überall Erdenwirksamkeiten. Moses mit dem Stab geht an den Felsen und läßt aus der Erde Wasser hervorsprudeln. Moses geht auf den Berg hinauf. Dasjenige, was mit den Wirkungen der Erde zusammenhängt auf dem Berge oben und was sich gerade an diesem Berge begibt, es ist Erdenwirksamkeit. Denn dieser Berg darf nur als ein vulkanischer gedacht werden oder wenigstens als ein vulkanähnlicher Berg. Es ist nicht der Sinai, den man gewöhnlich im Auge hat, es ist Erdenwirksamkeit. In der Feuersäule, in der Moses steht, haben wir etwas Ähnliches zu sehen, wie wenn wir in den Schwefelhügeln Italiens ein Stück Papier abbrennen und der Rauch herauskommt; so kommt aus dem Berge Erdenwirksamkeit heraus, feuriger Rauch. Und in Erdenwirksamkeit sahen die Juden immer Symbole. Voran ging ihnen die Wetterwolke oder Feuersäule: Erdenwirksamkeit! Wir könnten tief in Einzelheiten uns einlassen, überall würden wir finden, daß der Geist der Erde waltet in dem, wovon Moses als von der Offenbarung des Jahvegottes spricht. Geologie ist dieVerkündigung des Moses. Niemals wird man den tiefgehenden Unterschied der hebräischen von der griechischen Weltanschauung verstehen, wenn man nicht wissen wird, daß die griechische Weltanschauung Meteorologie ist und die hebräische Geologie. Alles das, was der Grieche sich entfalten fühlt um sich herum, das denkt er in Zusammenhang mit den von dem Kosmos her in die Erdenelemente, in die Umgebung der Erde in Luft, in alles das, was in der Nähe der Erde ist, ergossenen Kräften. Alles das, womit die hebräische Weltanschauung sich umgeben fühlt, ist gebunden an die Kräfte, die von der Erde aus nach oben sich entfalten, die an die Erde gebunden sind. Ja, auch die Leiden des hebräischen Volkes, sie kommen von dem Wüstencharakter, von dem, was an die Erde und ihre Wirksamkeit gebunden ist. Geologie durchwaltet das Schicksal des hebräischen Volkes. Geologie, Fruchtbarkeit der Erde ist es, was in Form der Kundschafter sie in das für sie gelobte Land lockt.
Und Paulus weiß das wohl, daß dieses Bewußtsein des Zusammenhanges mit dem Erdengeiste eine Nachwirkung ist des vorirdischen Christus-Ereignisses; denn Paulus macht darauf aufmerksam, daß Christus es war, der den Juden voranschritt und bewirkte, daß aus dem Felsen Wasser kam in die Wüste. Und wenn wir gar von der Bibel zu den bedeutsamen Sagenstoffen des hebräischen Volkes gehen würden, so würden wir finden, wie diese Sagenstoffe durchdrungen sind von der hier gemeinten Geologie. Da wird uns erzählt, wie Jahve, als er den Menschen formte aus Erde, ausschickte die Dienst-Engel, um von allen Teilen der Erde zusammenzutragen die verschiedenen Farben der Erde, verschiedenfarbige Erden, um alles das, was der Erde angehört, in die Hülle des Adam hineinzumischen. Wir würden heute sagen: Jehova ließ es sich angelegen sein, den Menschen so auf die Erde zu stellen, daß der Mensch in seiner wahren Wesenheit die höchste Blüte, die Krone der Erdenschöpfung ist. Wir können sagen: Für die Chaldäer, für die Ägypter, für die Zarathustrianer, für die Griechen, für die Römer, für die europäischen Völker des mittleren und nördlichen Europas war das Wichtigste am Menschen das, was aus der geistigen Welt herüberkam. Für die Juden ist das Wichtigste am Menschen das, was zusammenhängt mit der Erde und ihren Kräften. Als der die Erde geistig durchwaltende Gott fühlt sich Jahve.
So sehen wir, wie als wichtigstes Ereignis in dem vierten nachatlantischen Zeitraum das anzusehen ist, daß sich die Geologie neben die Meteorologie hinstellt. Und das drückt sich nun wunderbar in seinem geistigen Gegenbilde aus in dem altjüdischen Prophetismus.
Was strebten denn diese Propheten eigentlich an? Wollen wir einmal versuchen, gewissermaßen in das Innerste dieser Prophetenseelen, Jesaias, Jeremias, Hesekiel, Daniel, Joel, Jonas und Zacharias, hineinzuschauen: Was strebten sie an? Ja, wenn man nur wirklich unbefangen diese Prophetenseelen studiert, dann findet man: Sie sind bemüht, im Grunde genommen, eine besondere menschliche Seelenkraft in den Vordergrund des Seelenlebens zu stellen und eine andere zurückzudrängen, gleichsam in die Tiefen des Seelenlebens hinunterzudrängen. Aufmerksam habe ich Sie schon gemacht, wie auf den Michelangeloschen Schöpfungen, auf die ich hingewiesen habe, die Propheten immer so gebildet werden, daß sie in tiefem Sinnen dasitzen, wie getragen von innerlicher Seelenruhe, so daß man sieht: Dasjenige, dem ihre Seele hingegeben ist, hängt zusammen in ihren unterirdischen Gründen mit dem Ewigen. Als den Gegensatz stellt Michelangelo hin die Sibyllen, in die hereinwirken die Elemente der Erde, hereinwirken so, wie es bei der einen ist, daß das Haar vom Winde getrieben wird, daß selbst in das bläuliche Obergewand der Wind hineinzieht; unter diesem Einfluß des Windes tut sie ihre Prophezeiung. Die andere sehen wir von innerer Glut ergriffen: In der eigentümlichen Beweisgeste der Hand sehen wir das Feuer, das irdische Element. Und so könnten wir noch einmal die Sibyllen durchgehen: Sie leben mit den Seelenkräften, die unmittelbar in die Seelen hereinziehen aus der elementarischen Erdenumgebung. Diese Sibyllenkräfte, die sozusagen hereinsaugen in die Seele den Geist der Erdenelemente und ihn zum Ausdruck bringen, diese Sibyllenkräfte wollten die Propheten des alten Judentums zurückdrängen. Wenn Sie wirklich vorurteilslos die ganze Prophetengeschichte lesen, so werden Sie finden: Der Prophet ist bemüht — darin besteht seine Schulung —, den Sibyllenzug in sich zu unterdrücken, ihn nicht aufkommen zu lassen.
Apollo verwandelt den Sibyllenzug der Pythia dadurch, daß er selber in diesen untertaucht und durch die Sibylle spricht. Die Propheten wollen auch das Pythienhafte ihrer Seele unterdrücken und einzig und allein das kultivieren, was in der klaren Kraft des Ich wirkt, jenes Ich, das mit der Erde verbunden ist, das zur Erde gehört, das das geistige Gegenbild des geologischen Elementes ist. Wie das Ewige im Ich sich kundgibt in gelassener Ruhe, wenn die sibyllinischen Elemente schweigen, wenn alles innere Rasen aufhört, wenn das alles unterdrückt wird, wenn nur Gelassenheit waltet und in die Gründe des Ewigen hineinschaut, das wollten die jüdischen Prophetennaturen entwickeln, und ihre Verkündigungen sollten aus solcher Seelenstimmung hervorgehen, die in der Seele sucht, was in höchstem Maße der Geologie entspricht. So tönt uns das, was bei diesen Propheten hinreißend ist, entgegen wie ein Ausfluß des geologischen Elementes, und selbst dasjenige, was dann anders gekommen ist, als die Propheten es prophezeit haben, zeigt uns gerade, wie das Element der Propheten das geologische ist. Ein zukünftiges Reich, das aber mit äußeren Gebärden an die Erde gebunden sein soll und das diesmalige Reich ablösen soll, ein Himmel auf Erden, das ist, was die Propheten zunächst verkünden, — so eng sind sie verbunden mit Geologie.
Und hinein strömt noch in die ersten Zeiten des Christentums dieses geologische Element der Propheten, indem man die Wiederkunft des Messias erwartet, aber so, daß er aus den Wolken herniederfahren und auf der Erde ein irdisches Reich begründen sollte. Man wird das, was in der jüdischen Kultur strahlt, nur verstehen, wenn man es in dieser Weise als Geologie versteht. Das war die Sehnsucht der Propheten, das war, was sie ihren Schülern beibrachten: zu unterdrücken das Sibyllenelement, alles das, was die Seele in unterbewußte Tiefen führt, und zu entwickeln, was im Ich lebt. Alle anderen Völker haben andere Beziehungen zu ihren Göttern als die Juden zu ihrem Jahve. Die Beziehungen der anderen Völker zu ihren Göttern waren gegeben, denn es waren die Nachklänge zu dem, was sich gebildet hatte am Verhältnis des Menschen zu den Geistern der höheren Hierarchien während der Saturn-, Sonnen- und Mondenzeit. Das jüdische Volk sollte besonders das ausbilden, was während der Erdenzeit sich entwickeln konnte. Wenn aber das Ich von sich selbst aus ein Verhältnis herstellt zu seinem Gott, wie drückt sich das aus? Nicht als Eingebung, so daß etwa auch das Moralische wie ein Durchwirken der Seele mit den göttlichen Kräften gewesen wäre, — nicht als Eingebung, sondern als Gebot. Die Form des Gebotes, die uns im Dekalog entgegentritt, die tritt uns erst beim jüdischen Volke entgegen. Wenn auch die Wissenschaft noch so sonderbare Dinge faselt von früherem Dasein der Gebote — Hammurabi und so weiter, ich kann jetzt nicht eingehen auf die Torheiten der neueren Wissenschaft —, das, was als Gebote auftritt, wo das Ich unmittelbar dem Gott gegenübersteht und von dem Gott die Norm, die Vorschrift so empfängt, daß dieses Ich ihr folgen muß aus innerem Willen, das tritt uns erst bei dem jüdischen Volk entgegen. Ebenso tritt uns erst bei dem jüdischen Volk entgegen, daß der Gott einen Bund schließt mit dem Volk. Die anderen Götter wirken durch Kräfte, die immer mit dem Unterbewußten der Seele etwas zu tun haben. Vergleichen wir wiederum, wie der Apollo durch die Pythia wirkt, wie die Seele sich vorbereiten mußte, die hinwallte zur Pythia, so daß der Gott zu ihr sprechen könne: Durch das ins Unterbewußte tauchende Seelenleben der Pythia sprach Apollo. Dem steht gegenüber der durch seine Gebote sprechende, mit seinem Volk einen Bund, einen Vertrag schließende Jahvegott, der unmittelbar zu dem Ich der Seele spricht. Und sogleich eifern diese Propheten, wenn das geschieht, was öfter im jüdischen Volk geschehen ist, wenn die Wirksamkeiten der heidnischen Völker Einfluß gewinnen auf das jüdische Volk. Nicht sollten unterbewußte Kräfte in die Juden hereinkommen, alles sollte auf dem Bündnis mit Gott, alles sollte auf dem Prinzip des Gebotes beruhen. Darum sind die Propheten besonders besorgt.
Und jetzt versuchen wir einmal, einen kleinen Rückblick zu halten, den wir durchsetzen wollen mit dem, was uns die okkulten Erkenntnisse ergeben — einen Rückblick zu halten auf das, was wir gleichsam versuchten, durch das eben Gegebene zu illustrieren.
Wir haben gestern die dreifache Christus-Tatsache kennengelernt, die in die lemurische und atlantische Zeit hineinfällt. Wir haben gesehen, wie dreimal der Christus die Wesenheit durchsetzt hat, die dann später als nathanischer Jesusknabe erschienen ist, aber so durchsetzt hat, daß diese Wesenheit nicht im irdischen Körper verkörpert war, sondern in den geistigen Welten verblieben ist. Und wenn wir den Blick hinlenken auf das, was da geschehen ist, so müssen wir sagen: Was da in der Atlantis sich vollzogen hat, das ist dann herübergeströmt nach dem Osten. Elias zum Beispiel war einer der Propheten. Wie nur ist dieser Elias ein Prophet? Er dient dem Jahvegott, er dient ihm so, daß in seiner Seele der Nachklang lebt der dreifachen Christus-Tatsache. In seiner Seele lebt die Erkenntnis: Ich habe vor allen Dingen als der Prophet des Jahve den Jahve so zu verkünden, daß in dem Jahve der Christus lebt, der später das Mysterium von Golgatha vollbringen soll; daß er mit den Wirksamkeiten lebt, die er beim dritten Erlebnisse in den Kosmos ergossen hat am Ende der atlantischen Zeit. Den durchchristeten Jehova verkündete Elias. Christus lebte schon in Jehova, im Jahvegott; aber er lebte wie in seinem Abglanz. Wie das Mondenlicht das Sonnenlicht zurückstrahlt, so strahlt Jahve die Wesenheit, die dann im Christus lebte, zurück. Christus strahlte zurück sein Wesen aus dem Jahve- oder Jehovagott. Aber im Geiste der Nachwirkung der dreifachen Christus-Tatsache wirkte solch ein Bote wie der Elias, der gleichsam herzog vor dem nathanischen Jesuswesen, wie es zunächst geistig von Westen nach Osten zog, die Kulturen zu durchsetzen, um dann geboren zu werden als der eine der Jesusknaben. Wie eine Vorverkündigung empfand man es bei allen Völkern, was sich schon gleichsam wie ein Überfluß ergab aus der Meteorologie, namentlich wenn diese berührt wurde von der Geologie.
Wir erleben das Eigentümliche, daß an der Stätte, die dann so wichtig geworden ist für die Entfaltung des Christentums, eine von diesen vorherverkündeten Tatsachen stattfand. Wir sehen, wie an den verschiedensten Orten Vorderasiens, auch Europas, Feste gefeiert werden, welche gleichsam vorherverkündend sind das Christus-Ereignis, vorherverkündend das Mysterium von Golgatha. Der Adoniskultus und der Attiskultus sind mit Recht als prophetische Vorherverkündigungen des Ereignisses von Golgatha gedeutet worden. Aber wenn wir alle diese Feste recht anschauen, so sehen wir immer, daß sie eigentlich das Künftige noch als Meteorologisches darstellen. Der Gott, der da getötet wird als Adonis und wieder aufersteht, wird nicht gedacht als im Fleisch verkörpert, sondern was man als Gott hat, ist zunächst ein Bild: das Bild jenes engelartigen Wesens, das am Ende der atlantischen Zeit von dem Christus durchsetzt worden ist in den geistigen Höhen und das dann zum nathanischen Jesusknaben geworden ist. Das Schicksal des nathanischen Jesusknaben feierte man im Adonis-, im Attisdienst. Und es war welthistorisches Karma — Sie werden vielleicht noch mehr suchen hinter diesem Worte —, daß an der Stätte, an die die Bibel mit einem gewissen Rechte die Geburt des Jesusknaben stellt, daß in Bethlehem vorher ein Adoniskultus verrichtet wurde. Bethlehem war einer der Orte, wo Adoniskulte verrichtet wurden. Oft hat man dort den sterbenden und auferstehenden Adonis gefeiert und so die Aura zubereitet, indem man die Erinnerung hervorrief: Es gab einmal in geistigen Höhen ein Wesen, das dazumal noch zur Hierarchie der Angeloi gehörte, ein Wesen, welches später auf die Erde kommen sollte als nathanischer Jesusknabe, ein Wesen, das aber dazumal am Ende der atlantischen Zeit durchsetzt war von dem Christus. Was damals geschehen war für die Harmonisierung von Denken, Fühlen und Wollen, das feierte man im Adonisfest. Und an der Stätte zu Bethlehem, wo dieses Adonisfest gefeiert worden ist, haben wir die Gebutrtsstätte auch des nathanischen Jesusknaben. Und es klingen die Worte merkwürdig zusammen, meine lieben Freunde. Sehen wir denn nicht, indem wir aufgesucht haben das dreifache Christus-Ereignis, das überirdische Christus-Ereignis, das dreimal vorangegangen ist dem Mysterium von Golgatha, sehen wir denn nicht vom Westen nach dem Osten herüberziehen den Christus zu der Stätte, wo das Mysterium von Golgatha verrichtet werden sollte? Sehen wir denn nicht, wie er schon in Elias seinen Boten voranschickt, und wissen wir nicht, wie dieser Bote in seiner nächsten Inkarnation wiedererscheint als Johannes der Täufer? Und wird uns nicht von diesem mit einem wunderbaren Zusammenklange der Worte ausdrücklich gesagt: Er schickte seinen Engel voran, daß er ihn verkündigte? Das kann man sagen sowohl von Johannes wie von Elias. Von Elias noch besser, — was diejenigen verstehen werden, die sich an meine Schilderung des Elias erinnern, wo ich dargestellt habe, daß Elias in geistigen Höhen geblieben ist und nur einen Repräsentanten hatte, durch den er wirkte, so daß er nie selbst auf der Erde herumgegangen ist. Wenn Sie das nehmen, so paßt der Ausdruck: Er schickte seinen Engel vor ihm her, noch besser auf Elias als auf Johannes. Solche Boten waren immer Boten des von Westen nach dem Osten gezogenen Christus.
Und jetzt sollte dasjenige, was Geologie war beim Judenvolk, durchzogen werden von diesem geistigen Wesen, das wir ja seit gestern in seiner eigentlichen Wirksamkeit für die Erde haben betrachten gelernt. Geologie sollte gleichsam durchchristet werden. Man sollte den Geist der Erde in einer neuen Weise empfinden, ihn gewissermaßen loslösen können von der Erde. Das konnte man aber nur, wenn eine Kraft kam, die diesen Geist der Erde loslöste von den Erdenkräften. Das geschah dadurch, daß die Erdenaura von den Christus-Kräften durchzogen wurde und die Erde selbst jetzt dadurch etwas anderes wurde. In die Kräfte, die der Jahvegott entfesselt hatte, zog der Christus ein und machte diese Kräfte selber zu etwas anderem.
Wenn wir all das überblicken, dann verstehen wir eines: Wir verstehen, warum dem Apollo zum Sinnbild gegeben worden ist der Lorbeer. Für denjenigen, der mit etwas Geisteswissenschaft in die Pflanzenlehre eindringt, ist der Lorbeer eine Pflanze, die stark zusammenhängt mit meteorologischen Verhältnissen. Aus dem, was Meteorologie ist, wird der Lorbeer ganz ausgestaltet und aufgebaut. Eine andere Pflanze ist viel enger an die Erde gebunden, ist sozusagen der Ausdruck geologischer Verhältnisse. Und fühlt man das die Pflanze charakteristisch durchdringende Öl im Ölbaum wirklich so, daß man die elementarischen Kräfte aus der eigenen Seele angeregt fühlt davon, daß der Ölbaum eine Pflanze ist, auf die man aufpfropfen kann einen anderen Sprößling, der am besten an dieser Pflanze gedeiht, dann fühlt man das innige Durchdrungensein des Ölbaumes von dem Öl der Erde. Im Öl fühlt man pulsieren das Durchdringende des Irdischen. Und jetzt erinnern wir uns an etwas, was ich angeschlagen habe im zweiten Vortrag, erinnern wir uns an Paulus, der dazu berufen war, die Verbindungsbrücke zu schlagen zwischen dem althebräischen Altertum und dem Christentum, zwischen Geologie und Christologie. Des Paulus Wirksamkeit entfaltet sich, wie wir gesagt haben, in der Sphäre des Ölbaumes. Und wenn wir den Apollo in den aus Bergesschlünden aufstrebenden Dämpfen vernehmen, durch die er anregt die Pythia und menschliche Schicksale weisheitsvoll ausspricht, so können wir auch fühlen die elementarischen Kräfte, die durch den Ölbaum in die Umgebung strömen und in die eingebettet ist des Paulus Seelenkraft. Wir können sie spüren in seinen Worten. Er taucht gleichsam in den Ölbaum ein, um ihn elementarisch zu fühlen in seiner Aura und sich von dessen Aura inspirieren zu lassen, in dessen geologischem Gebiete seine Wirksamkeit liegt.
Man liest heute die Dinge eben viel, viel zu abstrakt. Man denkt, daß auch die Dinge, die ältere Autoren ausgesprochen haben, so abstrakt, nur mit dem Hirn zusammenhängend sind wie das, was oftmals neuere Autoren sagen. Man denkt nicht daran, wie nicht bloß Verstand und Vernunft, wie alle Seelenkräfte erden-urständig zusammenhängen können mit dem, was einem gewissen Gebiete die Prägung gibt. Dem Paulusgebiete gab der Ölbaum die Prägung. Und wie wenn er zu sich heraufheben wollte die jüdische Geologie, sprach er — durch das, wozu ihn der Ölbaum begeisterte — Wichtigstes aus über die Beziehungen der vom Christus erfüllten Menschen zu dem, was die Christus-fernen Menschen sind. Hören wir nicht die sonderbaren Worte von Paulus, die wir nicht abstrakt nehmen wollen, sondern die wir nehmen wollen wie etwas, was elementarisch in seiner Seele wurzelt, wie etwas, was er aus diesem Elementarischen seiner Seele heraus als das Wort prägen will, durch das er die Heidenchristen mit den Juden in Beziehung bringen will — hören wir nicht die sonderbaren Worte: «Mit euch Heiden rede ich; denn dieweil ich der Heiden Apostel bin, will ich mein Amt preisen, ob ich möchte die, so mein Fleisch sind, zu eifern reizen und ihrer etliche selig machen. Denn so ihr Verlust der Welt Versöhnung ist, was wäre das anders, denn das Leben von den Toten nehmen? Ist der Anbruch heilig, so ist auch der Teig heilig; und so die Wurzel heilig ist, so sind auch die Zweige heilig. Ob aber nun etliche von den Zweigen zerbrochen sind, und du, da du ein wilder Ölbaum warest, bist unter sie gepfropfet und teilhaftig worden der Wurzel und des Saftes im Ölbaum: so rühme dich nicht wider die Zweige. Rühmest du dich aber wider sie, so sollst du wissen, daß du die Wurzel nicht trägst, sondern die Wurzel trägt dich. So sprichst du: Die Zweige sind zerbrochen, daß ich hineingepfropfet würde. Ist wohl geredet. Sie sind zerbrochen um ihres Unglaubens willen; du stehest aber durch den Glauben. Sei nicht stolz, sondern fürchte dich. Hat Gott der natürlichen Zweige nicht verschonet, daß er vielleicht dein auch nicht verschone. Darum schau die Güte und den Ernst Gottes; den Ernst an denen, die gefallen sind, die Güte aber an dir, sofern du an der Güte bleibest; sonst wirst du auch abgehauen werden. Und jene, so sie nicht bleiben in dem Unglauben, werden sie eingepfropfet werden; Gott kann sie wohl wieder einpfropfen. Denn so du aus dem Ölbaum, der von Natur wild war, bist ausgehauen, und wider die Natur in den guten Ölbaum gepfropfet; wie viel mehr werden die natürlichen eingepfropfet in ihren eigenen Ölbaum?»
So sprach der, von dem wir morgen weiter ausführen werden, wie er aus der jüdischen Geologie herausgeholt hat das, was er zu sagen hatte; wie er die elementarische Kraft, die von der Erde auf im Ölbaum waltet, in so grandioser Weise zum Bilde gemacht hat für das, was er zu sagen hatte.
Fourth Lecture
Yesterday we spoke about how what was to happen for the development of humanity on earth through the Mystery of Golgotha was prepared. We spoke of the three interpenetrations of a being of the higher hierarchies with Christ, and found in the wonderful Greek appearance of Apollo an echo of what took place at the end of the Atlantean epoch as a distant foreshadowing of the mystery of Golgotha.
Now it will be our task to seek how that which has thus entered into human evolution has worked. To do this, it will be necessary to first characterize a little the basic nature of the worldviews that have appeared in the post-Atlantean era as echoes, as aftereffects of this threefold Christ event, which, according to our description yesterday, was in a sense completed with the end of the Atlantean era.
Let us try to delve deeper into the basic character of the worldviews that arose in the post-Atlantean period. They arose in such a way that something continues to have an effect in what then became the human soul through everything I told you yesterday. These post-Atlantean worldviews are like reflections of this threefold Christ event in the post-Atlantean human souls. From this point of view, we need say only a few words about the first post-Atlantean epoch. We have often characterized it from other points of view. Here it suffices to say that, in terms of spirituality, it was the highest post-Atlantic cultural period to date, but that it also absorbed something into the souls of the holy rishis and their followers that was, in a certain sense, less permeated by the mysteries I spoke of yesterday.The first post-Atlantean worldview that confronts us as a direct effect of this threefold Christ event is the worldview that arose under the impulses of Zarathustra. Now I must interject here that I will have to use words that, through their current usage, sound abstract and dry, even pedantic. But no matter how one searches the language, there are no other words available at present. And so I would like to appeal to your souls to understand something infinitely more spiritual in the words I am about to use than what dry science understands by them today. From the point of view we are considering here, I would like to call the Zarathustra worldview a worldview of “chronology.” Above the two beings, Ahura Mazdao and Ahriman, the Zarathustra worldview looks at Zaruana akarana — the working of time. But not abstract time as we understand it today, but time conceived as a living, superpersonal being. The Zarathustrian view sees this being, which we must grasp in the word “time,” in such a way that the rulers of time emanate from this being: first, those spiritual beings symbolized in the universe by the signs of the zodiac, the Amshaspands. They rule through their number six, or, if we add their antipodes, through their number twelve. The Izeds, who are subordinate to these Amshaspands, 28 to 31 in number, are spirits of a lower kind, servants of the high being of time, who regulate the days of the month. The Zarathustra consciousness looked into this wonderful harmony, which works in the world through forces and is symbolized in numbers by all the relationships and combinations that come about through 28 to 31 to 12. It looked into all that which, as it were, flows and surges into the world through the instruments in the great world orchestra sounding together in these numerical ratios. The Zarathustra worldview regarded this as the ordering, harmonizing force of the world order. I would just like to point out these relationships. And because this is so, because in that which creates and at the same time consumes in the act of creation, which takes in the views of the world, as it were digesting them spiritually and transferring them to other levels, because the Zarathustra view sees something living, something super-personal in “time,” we may, spiritualizing this word, call this worldview “chronology,” , while at the same time thinking of the god Chronos, the ruler of time.
Then we come to the third post-Atlantean period, which we already characterized yesterday as the one in which souls were inspired to knowledge by the forces shining from the stars, where the secret of the world was no longer seen merely in the supersensible relationships of the being of time, but where people had already entered into the realm of the senses and, in the course of the stars and in the writing they inscribe into the world space, saw the harmonizing, the melodious nature of world events. I would like to call this worldview astrology. Chronology was followed by astrology. And everything that the genuine, true chronology of Zarathustrianism reveals, everything that the genuine, true astrology of the Egyptian and Chaldean mysteries reveals, was inspired by the secrets that were at work in the world through the threefold Christ event before the great Atlantean catastrophe.
And what followed in Greek culture or in the Greco-Latin period? What I am about to say applies not only to Greek and Roman culture, but also to the rest of Europe. I tried to explain it yesterday using a single example, but it applies to the whole of the Western world, so to speak. We can look back once again at how the Greeks worshipped Apollo, this reflection of the Nathanic Jesus child, as he still was at the end of the Atlantean era. We said that Apollo came to the Oracle of Delphi from Hyperborea, from the north. Through the Pythia, he spoke the most important things the Greeks wanted to hear during the summer. In the fall, he returned to Hyperborea. We have connected Apollo's journey with the journey of the sun. But because it is the spiritual sun that speaks through Apollo, he travels north while the physical sun travels south. The myths reveal themselves to be infinitely wise when we view them in the light of true occultism. And yet it was not the upward gaze to the stars that Apollo symbolized for the Greeks: when the Greeks worshipped Apollo, they did not actually look to the sun as their outer symbol of the stars. Apollo is not the sun god in the sense that the outer sun symbolized him—for that, the Greeks had Helios, who regulated the sun's path across the sky. The sun does not work in this way for our earthly existence, even if we address the physical realm, where only that which flows down directly through the sun's rays has an effect on humans. but the sun first acts in the air and water, in the water vapors, and also in the vapors that we have said rose from the mouth of the Castalian Spring and, like a dragon, enveloped the neighboring mountains, and that this dragon was slain by the Greek Saint George. The sun acts in all elements, and after it has already penetrated and permeated the earthly elements, it acts from them upon man, as it were through the servants whom we call elemental spirits. The spirit of the sun acts in the elements, and it was this activity that the Greeks saw in their Apollo.
Apollo was the sun god to them, but not the one who drove the sun chariot across the sky as Helios and regulated the times of day. When the Greeks looked up at Apollo, they saw the effects of the sun on the atmosphere. They spoke of these effects as Apollo, addressing them spiritually. And so it was with many gods and spiritual beings that we find in the West. We need only point to Wotan, who rushes through the storm with his wild army. What had become of the worldview in this fourth post-Atlantean period, which was under the influence of the threefold Christ event as an echo of it? Again, I must use a pedantic word that has become dry: Meteorology followed astrology. Chronology — astrology — meteorology! But we must relate “logy” to logos. — But while all this was breaking upon the Western world, something else was flowing into the whole post-Atlantean culture, something that was an echo of the threefold Christ event from a completely different quarter. And this fourth thing, which developed parallel to meteorology in the fourth post-Atlantean epoch, was something that I must again describe with a dry, pedantic word — but I ask you again to connect “logy” with logos — it was geology. Geology, where do we encounter it?
One will never understand the actual secrets of ancient Hebrew cultural development unless one takes it in the sense of geology in which we now wish to consider it. How does the host of Elohim first appear to us, how does the God Yahweh appear to us? He appears to us in such a way that he wants to form into human beings what is taken from the earth itself. He wants to envelop with a new shell, with the shell of the earth, that which has come over from earlier times, from Saturn, the sun, and the moon. Yahweh is precisely the God who forms man out of earth, that is, out of the forces, out of the elements of the earth. Therefore, ancient Hebrew wisdom, as a confessor of the God Yahweh, had to become geology. And the teaching about man, who is formed out of the forces of the earth, is geology. When we are presented with the name of the first human being, are we not immediately presented with the geological character of ancient Hebrew teaching: Adam — the one formed from the earth! This is the significant point that must be grasped: everything that others, I would say the peoples with a meteorological worldview, conceived as soul, speaks differently about the formation of human beings. Let us look at the Greek worldview, how Prometheus sits there and forms man. Pallas Athena comes along and, from spiritual heights, brings about the connection between man and the spark of spirit. Prometheus forms the soul in the symbol of the butterfly. The Yahweh God forms man from earth, and he, the Yahweh God, who in the course of his development has become the ruler of the earth, breathes the living soul into man from his own substance. Thus Yahweh connects himself through his breath with what he has formed from earth. And he wants to dwell in his Son, in his living breath, in Adam and his descendants, the sons of the earth, those beings whose shell Jahve God considered his task to form from earth. And if we now go further: Let us try to call to mind all that we find handed down to us in the Bible from ancient Hebrew times.
We know, we have emphasized, that the earth develops certain forces. Goethe, Giordano Bruno, and others compare these forces to the forces of inhalation and exhalation in humans. The earth develops certain forces, forces of exhalation and inhalation, which cause the ebb and flow of the tides, the rising and falling of the water, inner forces of the earth, but also the same forces that guide the moon around the earth. These are the forces of the earth. In the effects of water, these forces of the earth encounter us as the activity of the earth. In the forces of water, the Bible records the Flood as another important event after the creation of Adam, the earthly human being. And if we go further back to the time of Moses: if we study correctly what is happening everywhere, we see that it is the earth's activity everywhere. Moses with his staff goes to the rock and causes water to gush forth from the earth. Moses goes up the mountain. What is connected with the effects of the earth on the mountain top and what is happening on this mountain is earth activity. For this mountain must be thought of as volcanic, or at least as a volcano-like mountain. It is not the Sinai that we usually have in mind; it is earth activity. In the pillar of fire in which Moses stands, we see something similar to what happens when we burn a piece of paper in the sulfur hills of Italy and smoke comes out; in the same way, earth activity comes out of the mountain, fiery smoke. And the Jews always saw symbols in earth activity. The weather cloud or pillar of fire went before them: earth activity! We could go into great detail and find everywhere that the spirit of the earth reigns in what Moses speaks of as the revelation of the God Yahweh. Geology is the proclamation of Moses. One will never understand the profound difference between the Hebrew and Greek worldviews unless one knows that the Greek worldview is meteorology and the Hebrew worldview is geology. Everything that the Greek feels unfolding around him, he thinks of in connection with the forces poured out from the cosmos into the elements of the earth, into the earth's environment in the air, into everything that is near the earth. Everything with which the Hebrew worldview feels surrounded is bound to the forces that unfold upward from the earth, that are bound to the earth. Yes, even the sufferings of the Hebrew people come from the desert character, from that which is bound to the earth and its activity. Geology permeates the destiny of the Hebrew people. Geology, the fertility of the earth, is what lures them in the form of scouts to the land promised to them.
And Paul knows well that this awareness of the connection with the earth spirit is an aftereffect of the pre-earthly Christ event; for Paul points out that it was Christ who went before the Jews and caused water to come out of the rock in the desert. And if we were to go from the Bible to the significant legends of the Hebrew people, we would find how these legends are permeated by the geology referred to here. There we are told how Yahweh, when he formed man from the earth, sent out his ministering angels to gather from all parts of the earth the different colors of the earth, different colored earths, in order to mix everything that belongs to the earth into the shell of Adam. Today we would say: Jehovah took it upon himself to place man on earth in such a way that man, in his true essence, is the highest flower, the crown of earthly creation. We can say that for the Chaldeans, for the Egyptians, for the Zarathustrians, for the Greeks, for the Romans, for the European peoples of central and northern Europe, the most important thing about human beings was what came from the spiritual world. For the Jews, the most important thing about human beings is what is connected with the earth and its forces. Yahweh feels himself to be the God who spiritually permeates the earth.
Thus we see that the most important event in the fourth post-Atlantean period is to be regarded as the emergence of geology alongside meteorology. And this is wonderfully expressed in its spiritual counterpart in ancient Jewish prophecy.
What were these prophets actually striving for? Let us try to look into the innermost being of these prophetic souls, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, Joel, Jonah, and Zechariah: What were they striving for? Yes, if one studies these prophetic souls with a truly unbiased mind, one finds that they are striving, in essence, to bring a particular human soul force to the forefront of the soul life and to push another back, as it were, into the depths of the soul life. I have already drawn your attention to how, in Michelangelo's creations, which I have referred to, the prophets are always depicted sitting in deep thought, as if carried by inner peace of soul, so that one sees that that to which their souls are devoted is connected in their subterranean depths with the eternal. Michelangelo contrasts this with the Sibyls, who are influenced by the elements of the earth, as in the case of one of them, whose hair is blown by the wind, which even blows into her bluish upper garment; under this influence of the wind, she makes her prophecy. We see the other seized by an inner glow: in the peculiar gesture of her hand we see fire, the earthly element. And so we could go through the Sibyls once again: they live with the soul forces that draw directly into the souls from the elemental earthly environment. These Sibylline forces, which suck the spirit of the earthly elements into the soul, so to speak, and express it, were what the prophets of ancient Judaism wanted to suppress. If you read the entire history of the prophets with an open mind, you will find that the prophet strives — this is his training — to suppress the Sibylline impulse within himself, not to let it arise.
Apollo transforms the Sibylline trait of the Pythia by immersing himself in it and speaking through the Sibyl. The prophets also want to suppress the Pythian aspect of their souls and cultivate only that which works in the clear power of the ego, that ego which is connected to the earth, which belongs to the earth, which is the spiritual counterpart of the geological element. How the eternal manifests itself in the ego in serene calm, when the Sibylline elements are silent, when all inner turmoil ceases, when everything is suppressed, when only serenity reigns and looks into the foundations of the eternal—this is what the Jewish prophetic natures wanted to develop, and their proclamations were to arise from such a mood of the soul, which seeks in the soul what corresponds to the highest degree to geology. Thus, what is captivating in these prophets sounds to us like an effusion of the geological element, and even that which then came about differently than the prophets had prophesied shows us precisely how the element of the prophets is the geological element. A future kingdom, which is to be bound to the earth by external gestures and replace the present kingdom, a heaven on earth, is what the prophets initially proclaim—so closely are they connected with geology.
And this geological element of the prophets still flows into the early days of Christianity in the expectation of the return of the Messiah, but in such a way that he was to descend from the clouds and establish an earthly kingdom on earth. One can only understand what shines in Jewish culture if one understands it in this way as geology. That was the longing of the prophets, that was what they taught their disciples: to suppress the Sibylline element, everything that leads the soul into subconscious depths, and to develop what lives in the ego. All other peoples have different relationships with their gods than the Jews have with their Yahweh. The relationships of other peoples to their gods were given, for they were echoes of what had been formed in the relationship of human beings to the spirits of the higher hierarchies during the Saturn, Sun, and Moon epochs. The Jewish people were to develop especially what had been able to develop during the Earth epoch. But when the ego establishes a relationship with its God on its own initiative, how is this expressed? Not as inspiration, so that morality would also be a kind of permeation of the soul with divine forces — not as inspiration, but as a commandment. The form of the commandment that we encounter in the Decalogue is something we encounter only among the Jewish people. Even if science babbles strange things about the former existence of commandments — Hammurabi and so on, I cannot go into the follies of modern science here — what appears as commandments, where the ego stands directly before God and receives from God the norm, the precept, in such a way that this ego must follow it out of inner will, this we encounter only in the Jewish people. Likewise, it is only in the Jewish people that we encounter God making a covenant with the people. The other gods work through forces that always have something to do with the subconscious of the soul. Let us compare again how Apollo works through the Pythia, how the soul had to prepare itself before going to the Pythia so that the god could speak to it: Apollo spoke through the soul life of the Pythia, which plunged into the subconscious. This contrasts with the Yahweh God, who speaks through his commandments, who makes a covenant, a contract with his people, who speaks directly to the ego of the soul. And immediately these prophets become zealous when what often happened among the Jewish people occurs, when the influences of the pagan peoples gain influence over the Jewish people. Subconscious forces were not to enter into the Jews; everything was to be based on the covenant with God, everything was to be based on the principle of the commandment. That is why the prophets are particularly concerned.
And now let us try to take a brief look back, which we will supplement with what occult knowledge reveals to us — a look back at what we have just tried to illustrate with what has been given us.
Yesterday we learned about the threefold Christ fact that falls into the Lemurian and Atlantean periods. We saw how Christ permeated the being three times, which later appeared as the Nathanic Jesus child, but permeated it in such a way that this being was not embodied in the earthly body, but remained in the spiritual worlds. And when we turn our gaze to what happened there, we must say: What took place in Atlantis then flowed over to the East. Elijah, for example, was one of the prophets. How is Elijah a prophet? He serves the God Yahweh, he serves him in such a way that the echo of the threefold Christ fact lives in his soul. In his soul lives the knowledge: Above all, as the prophet of Yahweh, I must proclaim Yahweh in such a way that the Christ lives in Yahweh, who will later accomplish the mystery of Golgotha; that he lives with the powers that he poured into the cosmos at the end of the Atlantean era during his third experience. Elijah proclaimed the Christified Jehovah. Christ already lived in Jehovah, in the God Yahweh; but he lived as in his reflection. Just as the moonlight reflects the sunlight, so Yahweh reflects the Being who then lived in Christ. Christ reflected back his essence from the Yahweh or Jehovah God. But in the spirit of the after-effect of the threefold Christ fact, a messenger such as Elijah worked, who, as it were, preceded the Nathanic Jesus being as it first moved spiritually from west to east to permeate the cultures, in order then to be born as one of the Jesus boys. All peoples perceived this as a foretelling, which already resulted, as it were, in an abundance from meteorology, especially when this was touched by geology.
We experience the peculiarity that one of these foretold events took place at the site that later became so important for the development of Christianity. We see how festivals are celebrated in various places in the Near East and also in Europe, which are, as it were, foretelling the Christ event, foretelling the mystery of Golgotha. The cults of Adonis and Attis have rightly been interpreted as prophetic foreshadowings of the event at Golgotha. But if we look closely at all these festivals, we always see that they actually represent the future as something meteorological. The god who is killed as Adonis and rises again is not thought of as embodied in flesh, but what one has as god is first of all an image: the image of that angelic being who, at the end of the Atlantean epoch, was permeated by Christ in the spiritual heights and then became the Nathanic Jesus child. The fate of the Nathanic Jesus boy was celebrated in the Adonis and Attis cults. And it was world-historical karma — you may seek more behind these words — that in the place where the Bible, with a certain right, places the birth of the Jesus boy, an Adonis cult was previously practiced in Bethlehem. Bethlehem was one of the places where Adonis cults were practiced. The dying and resurrecting Adonis was often celebrated there, preparing the aura by evoking the memory: Once upon a time, in spiritual heights, there was a being who at that time still belonged to the hierarchy of the Angeloi, a being who was later to come to earth as the Nathanic Jesus child, a being who, however, at the end of the Atlantean era was permeated by Christ. What happened then for the harmonization of thinking, feeling, and willing was celebrated in the Adonis festival. And at the site in Bethlehem where this Adonis festival was celebrated, we also have the birthplace of the Nathanic Jesus child. And the words sound strangely together, my dear friends. Do we not see, in seeking out the threefold Christ event, the super-earthly Christ event that preceded the Mystery of Golgotha three times, do we not see Christ moving from the West to the East to the place where the Mystery of Golgotha was to be accomplished? Do we not see how he already sends his messenger ahead in Elijah, and do we not know how this messenger reappears in his next incarnation as John the Baptist? And is it not expressly said to us by him in a wonderful harmony of words: He sent his angel before him to proclaim him? This can be said of both John and Elijah. Even more so of Elijah—which will be understood by those who remember my description of Elijah, where I explained that Elijah remained in spiritual heights and had only a representative through whom he worked, so that he never walked on earth himself. If you take this into account, the expression “He sent his angel before him” fits Elijah even better than John. Such messengers were always messengers of Christ, who moved from the West to the East.
And now what geology was for the Jewish people should be permeated by this spiritual being, whose actual activity for the earth we have learned to consider since yesterday. Geology was to be permeated by Christ, as it were. One was to perceive the spirit of the earth in a new way, to be able to detach it from the earth, so to speak. But this was only possible when a force came that detached this spirit of the earth from the forces of the earth. This happened when the earth's aura was permeated by the Christ forces, and the earth itself became something different as a result. Christ entered into the forces that the God Yahweh had unleashed and transformed these forces into something else.
When we look at all this, we understand one thing: we understand why Apollo was given the laurel as his symbol. For those who approach botany with some knowledge of spiritual science, the laurel is a plant that is strongly connected with meteorological conditions. The laurel is entirely formed and structured from what meteorology is. Another plant is much more closely bound to the earth; it is, so to speak, the expression of geological conditions. And if you really feel the oil that characteristically permeates the olive tree in such a way that you feel the elemental forces of your own soul being stimulated by the fact that the olive tree is a plant onto which you can graft another sprout that thrives best on this plant, then you feel the intimate permeation of the olive tree by the oil of the earth. In the oil, one feels the pulsating penetration of the earthly. And now let us remember something I mentioned in the second lecture, let us remember Paul, who was called to build a bridge between ancient Hebrew antiquity and Christianity, between geology and Christology. Paul's effectiveness unfolds, as we have said, in the sphere of the olive tree. And when we hear Apollo in the vapors rising from the mountain clefts, through which he inspires the Pythia and wisely pronounces human destinies, we can also feel the elemental forces flowing through the olive tree into the environment and embedded in Paul's soul power. We can feel them in his words. He immerses himself, as it were, in the olive tree in order to feel it elementally in its aura and to be inspired by its aura, in whose geological area its effectiveness lies.
Today, people read things in a much too abstract way. They think that even the things that older authors have said are as abstract and only related to the brain as what newer authors often say. They do not think about how not only the intellect and reason, but all the powers of the soul can be eternally connected with what gives a certain area its character. The olive tree shaped the region of Paul. And as if he wanted to lift up Jewish geology, he spoke—inspired by the olive tree—about the most important thing concerning the relationship between people filled with Christ and those who are far from Christ. Let us not take Paul's strange words in an abstract sense, but rather as something that is rooted in his soul, as something that he wants to express from this elemental part of his soul as the word through which he wants to connect the Gentile Christians with the Jews — let us not take his strange words: “I am speaking to you Gentiles; for I am an apostle to the Gentiles, I magnify my ministry, if by any means I may make those who are my flesh to be the salvation of God, for whom God has not spared His own Son, but delivered Him up for us all. If the first part is holy, the whole dough is holy; and if the root is holy, so are the branches. But if some of the branches are broken off, and you, being a wild olive tree, were grafted in among them and have received the nourishing sap from the olive root, do not boast over the branches. But if you boast against them, you should know that you do not support the root, but the root supports you. You say, “The branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in. That is true. They were broken off because of their unbelief, but you stand by faith. Do not be proud, but fear. For if God did not spare the natural branches, he will not spare you either. Therefore, consider the kindness and severity of God: severity toward those who fell, but kindness toward you, provided you remain in his kindness. Otherwise, you too will be cut off. And those who do not remain in unbelief will be grafted in; God is able to graft them in again. For if you, who are by nature a wild olive tree, have been cut out of it and grafted against the nature of the olive tree, how much more will those who are natural be grafted into their own olive tree?
So spoke the one of whom we will speak further tomorrow, how he drew from Jewish geology what he had to say; how he used the elemental force that works from the earth up into the olive tree in such a grandiose way to illustrate what he had to say.