Christ and the Human Soul
GA 155
Norrköping, 16th July, 1914
Lecture IV
Mankind is always in need of truths which cannot, in every age, be wholly understood. The assimilation of truths is not significant only for our knowledge; truths themselves contain life-force. By permeating ourselves with truth we permeate our soul-nature with an element drawn from the objective world, just as we must permeate our physical being with air taken from outside in order to live. Deep truths are indeed expressed in great religious revelations, but in such a form that their real inner meaning is often not understood until much, much later.
The New Testament has been written; the New Testament stands there as a record for humanity—but the whole future course of the Earth's evolution will be required for a full understanding of the New Testament to be reached. In the future, men will acquire much knowledge of the external world and of the spiritual world also; and if taken in the right sense it will all contribute to an understanding of the New Testament. The understanding comes about gradually, but the New Testament is written in a simple form so that it can be absorbed and, later, gradually understood. To permeate ourselves with the truth that resides in the New Testament is not without significance, even if we cannot yet understand the truth in its deepest inwardness. Later on, truth becomes cognitional force, but it is already life-force, in so far as it is imbibed in a more or less childlike form. And if the questions we began to consider yesterday are to be understood in the sense in which they are imparted in the New Testament, we need knowledge of greater depth, greater insight into the spiritual world and its mysteries.
If we are to carry further the studies we began yesterday, we must again examine some occult mysteries, for they will be able to guide us to a further understanding of the riddle of guilt and sin, and from this point of view throw light on the relation of Christ to the human soul.
In the course of our anthroposophical work we have often been faced with a point of view which may be put as a question, a question often asked: Why did Christ die in a human body? Here indeed is a fundamental question concerning the Mystery of Golgotha. Why did Christ die, why did the God die, in a human body?
The God died because the evolution of the universe made it necessary that He should be able to enter into humanity; it was necessary that a God of the upper worlds should become the leader of the Earth-evolution. For this reason Christ had to become related to death. Related to death! One could wish that this expression will come to be deeply understood by the soul of man.
As a rule a man encounters death only when he sees another person die, or in other phenomena akin to death which are to be found in the world, or in the certainty that he must himself pass through the gate of death when his present incarnation is over. But that is only the external aspect of death. Death is present in a quite different form in the world in which we live, and attention must be drawn to this. Let us start from a quite ordinary, everyday phenomenon. We breathe the air in and we breathe it out again; but the air undergoes a change. When the air is exhaled it is dead air; as exhaled air it cannot be inhaled again, for exhaled air is deadly. I indicate this only in order that you may understand the meaning of the occult saying: “When the air enters into men, it dies.” The living element in the air does indeed die when it enters into man. That, however, is only one phenomenon. The ray of light which penetrates our eye must likewise die, and we should gain nothing from the rays of light if our eye did not set itself up against the ray of light, as our lungs do against the air. The light that enters into our eye dies in our eye; and through the death of the light in our eye it comes about that we see. We are filled with much that has to die in us in order that we may have our Earth-consciousness. Corporeally we kill the air; we kill also the rays of light which penetrate us, and so we kill in many ways.
When we call spiritual science to our aid, we distinguish four grades of substance—earth, water, air and warmth. We then enter the realm where we speak of warmth-ether, of light-ether. As far up as the light-ether we kill that which penetrates us; we slay it unceasingly in order that we may have our Earth-consciousness. But there is something we cannot kill by our Earth-existence. We know that above the light-ether there is the so-called chemical ether, and then there comes the life-ether. These are the two kinds of ether that we cannot kill. But because of this, they have no special participation in us. If we were able to kill the chemical ether, the waves of the Harmony of the Spheres would sound perpetually into our physical body, and we should perpetually destroy these waves with our physical life. And if we would also kill the life-ether, we should destroy and continuously kill within ourselves the cosmic life that streams down to the Earth. In earthly sound we are given a substitute, but it is not to be compared with what we should hear if the chemical ether were audible to us as physical human beings. For physical sound is a product of the air and is not the spiritual sound; it is only a substitute for the spiritual sound.
When the Luciferic temptation came, the progressive gods were obliged to place man in a sphere where, from the life-ether downwards, death lives in his physical body. But at that time the progressive gods said—and the words are there in the Bible—”Man has come to know the distinction between Good and Evil, but Life he is not to have. Of the Tree of Life he shall not eat.” In occultism, we can continue the sentence, “Of the Tree of Life man shall not eat”, by adding the words, “and the Spirit of Matter he shall not hear.” Of the Tree of Life man shall not eat and the Spirit of Matter he shall not hear! These are the regions which were closed to man. Only through a certain procedure in the old Mysteries were the tones of the Sphere-Music and the Cosmic Life, pulsating through the universe, revealed to those who were to be initiated when it was given them, outside the body, to see the Christ in advance. Hence it is that the old philosophers speak of the Music of the Spheres.
In drawing attention to this, we indicate at the same time those regions from which the Christ came to us at the time of the Baptism by John in the Jordan. Whence did Christ come? He came from those regions which had been closed to man as a result of the Luciferic temptation—from the region of the Music of the Spheres and from the region of Cosmic Life. These regions had to be forgotten by man because of the Luciferic temptation at the beginning of Earth-evolution. At the baptism by John in the Jordan, Christ entered into a human body, and that which permeated this human body was the spiritual essence of the Harmony of the Spheres, the spiritual essence of the Cosmic Life—the element that still belonged to the human soul during the first phase of its time on Earth, but from which the human soul had to be shut out as a result of the Luciferic temptation. In this sense also man is related to spirit. With his soul he really belongs to the region of the Music of the Spheres and to the region of the Word, of the living Cosmic Ether. But he was cast out from those regions. They were to be restored to him in order that he might gradually be permeated again by the spiritual elements from which he had been exiled. So it is that from the standpoint of spiritual science the words of St. John's Gospel touch us so deeply: In the primal beginning, when man was not yet subject to temptation, was the Logos. Man belonged to the Logos ... the Logos was with God, and man was with the Logos, with God. And through the Baptism by John in the Jordan the Logos entered into human evolution—He became Man.
Here we have the all-important connection. Let us leave this truth as it stands there, and approach the question from another side. Life as a whole shows itself to us only from the external side. Otherwise man would know all the time how he absorbs the corpse of the light into his eye when he sees.
What was it that the Christ had to undertake in order that the fulfillment of St. Paul's saying, “Not I, but Christ in me”, might be made possible? It had to be possible that Christ should permeate the nature of man; but the nature of man is filled with what is slain by human nature in Earth-existence, from the light-ether downwards—the light-ether that dies in the human eye. The nature of man is filled with death; but the life-element in the two highest kinds of ether was withdrawn in order that human nature might not be laden with their death also. In order that Christ might dwell in us, He had therefore to become related to death, related to all the death that is spread out in the world, from the light down to the depths of materiality. Christ had to be able to pass into all that we bear within us as the corpse of the light, of the warmth, of the air, and so on. It was only because He was able to become related to death that He could become related to man. And we must feel in our souls that the God had to die so that he might be able to enfill us, we who had acquired death as a result of the Luciferic temptation, so that we might be able to say: “Christ in us.”
Many other things are hidden for man behind sense-existence. He turns his gaze upon the plant-world; he sees how the light of the Sun conjures the plants out of the soil. Science teaches us that light is necessary for the growth of plants, but that is only half the truth. Anyone who looks at the plants with clairvoyant sight sees living spiritual elements rising out of them. The light dips down into the plants and rises again out of them as a living spiritual element. In the animals it is the chemical ether that enters, and this chemical ether is not perceptible to man; if he could be aware of it, it would sound forth spiritually. The animals transform this ether into water-spirits. The plants transform light into air-spirits; animals transform the spirit active in the chemical ether into water-spirits. Finally, the cosmic ether, or life-ether, which man is prevented from killing and without which he could not live at all—he transforms the life-ether into Earth-spirits.
In a course of lectures given in Karlsruhe, From Jesus to Christ, I once spoke of the human “phantom”. This is not the time for drawing the connecting thread between what is to be said here and what was said then about the human “phantom”, but such connecting threads do exist and you will perhaps find them for yourself. Today I have to present the matter from another side.
There is perpetually engendered in man something that is also spiritual—the life in him. This is forever passing out into the world. Man projects an aura around him, an aura of rays whereby he continually enriches the earthly-spiritual element of the Earth. This earthly-spiritual element of the Earth, however, contains all the qualities, moral or otherwise, that man has acquired and bears within himself, for he sends it all out into his earthly environment. This is absolutely true. Clairvoyant sight perceives how man sends out his moral, intellectual and aesthetic aura into the world, and how this aura continues to live as earthly spirit in the spirituality of the Earth. As a comet draws its tail through the Cosmos, so does man draw through the whole of earthly life the spiritual aura which he projects. This spiritual aura is held together, phantom-like, during a man's life, but at the same time it rays out into the world his moral and intellectual properties of soul.
When in our occult studies we go back to the times before the Mystery of Golgotha, we find that the men of those days simply radiated this phantom-like entity, which contained their moral qualities, into the external world, into the external spiritual aura of the Earth. But humanity developed in the course of the Earth's existence, and just at the epoch where the Mystery of Golgotha came to pass, a certain stage had been reached in the evolution of this phantom-like entity. In earlier times it was much more evanescent; by the time of the Mystery of Golgotha it had become denser, had more form; and into this phantom-like entity there was now mingled, as a fundamental characteristic, the death which man develops in himself by killing the ray of light that enters into his eye, and so on, as I have explained. These Earth-spirit entities which radiate from man are like a stillborn child, because he imparts his death to them. If Christ had not come upon Earth, then, during the sojourn of their souls in earthly bodies, human beings could have continuously rayed out entities with the impress of death upon them. And with this impress of death there would have been bound up the moral qualities of man of which we spoke yesterday; objective guilt and objective sin. They would have lain within it.
Let us suppose that the Christ had not come. What would have happened in the evolution of the Earth? From the time in which the Mystery of Golgotha would otherwise have taken place, men would have spiritually created dense forms to which they had imparted death. And these dense forms would have become the very things that had to pass over to the Jupiter stage with the Earth. Man would have imparted death to the Earth. A dead Earth would have given birth to a dead Jupiter.
It could not have been otherwise, because if the Mystery of Golgotha had not come about, man would not have been able to permeate the radiations he gives out with the essences of the Music of the Spheres and the Cosmic Life. These essences would not have been there; they would not have flowed into the human radiations; but Christ brought them back through the Mystery of Golgotha. And when there is a fulfillment of the words, “Not I, but Christ in me”, when we bring about a relationship to Christ within ourselves, that which rays out from us and would otherwise be dead, is made living. Because we bear death within us, the living Christ has to permeate us, in order that He may give life to the spiritual Earth-being that we leave behind us. Christ the living Logos, permeates and gives life to the objective guilt and sin which detaches itself from us and is not carried further in our Karma, and because He gives it life, a living Earth will evolve into a living Jupiter. This is the outcome of the Mystery of Golgotha.
The soul, if it reflects, can receive Christ in the following way. It can realize that there was once a time when man was within the bosom of the divine Logos. But man had to succumb to the temptation of Lucifer. He took death into himself; into him there passed the germ by which he would have brought a dead Earth to birth as a dead Jupiter. The endowment which, before the temptation, the human soul had been destined to receive for its Earth-existence was left behind. With Christ it entered again into man's Earth-existence.
When man takes Christ into himself, so as to feel permeated with Christ, he is able to say to himself: “The endowment which the gods had allocated to me before the Luciferic temptation, but which owing to the temptation by Lucifer had to remain behind in the Cosmos, enters into my soul with the Christ. The soul becomes whole again for the first time by taking the Christ into itself. Only then am I fully soul; only then am I again all that the gods intended me to be from the very beginning of the Earth.” “Am I really a soul without Christ?” man asks himself, and he feels that it is through Christ that he first becomes the soul that the guiding divine Beings meant him to be. This is the wonderful feeling of “home” that souls can have with Christ; for out of the primal cosmic home of the soul of man the Christ descended, in order to give back to the soul of man that which had to be lost on Earth as a result of the temptation by Lucifer. The Christ leads the soul up again to its primordial home, the home allotted to it by the gods.
That is the bliss and the blessing in the actual experience of Christ in the human soul. It was this that gave such bliss to certain Christian mystics in the Middle Ages. They may have written much which in itself seems to be too strongly colored by the senses, but fundamentally it was spiritual. Such Christian mystics as those who joined Bernard of Clairvaux, and others, felt that the human soul was as a bride who had lost her bridegroom at the primal beginning of the Earth; and when Christ entered into their souls, filling them with life and soul and spirit, they experienced Christ as the soul-bridegroom who united Himself with the soul; the bridegroom who had been lost when the soul forsook her original home in order to follow Lucifer along the path of freedom, the path of differentiation between good and evil.
When the soul of man really lives into Christ, feeling that Christ is the living Being who from the death on Golgotha flowed out into the atmosphere of the Earth and can flow into the soul, it feels itself inwardly vivified through the Christ. The soul feels a transition from death into life.
So long as we have to live out our earthly existence in human bodies—and this will continue far into a remote future—we cannot hear directly the Music of the Spheres or have direct experience of the Cosmic Life. But we can experience the incoming of the Christ, and so we can receive, by proxy as it were, that which would otherwise come to us from the Music of the Spheres and the Cosmic Life.
Pythagoras, an Initiate of the ancient Mysteries, spoke of the Music of the Spheres. He had gone through the process whereby the soul passes out of the body, and he could then be carried away into the spiritual worlds. There he saw the Christ who was later to come to the Earth. Since the Mystery of Golgotha we cannot speak of the Music of the Spheres as did Pythagoras, but we can speak of it in another way. An Initiate might even today speak as Pythagoras did; but the ordinary inhabitant of the Earth in his physical body can speak of the Music of the Spheres and of the Cosmic Life only when he experiences in his soul, “Not I, but Christ in me”, for the Christ within him has lived in the Music of the Spheres and in the Cosmic Life. But we must go through this experience in ourselves; we must really receive the Christ into our souls.
Let us suppose that a man were to fight against this, that he did not wish to receive Christ into his soul. Then he would come to the end of the Earth period, and in the nebulous spirit-structure that had then taken shape out of the Earth-spirits arising in the course of human evolution, he would have all the phantom-like beings which had issued from him in former incarnations. They would all be there. The tendency indicated here would lead to a dead Earth, and this would pass over, dead, to Jupiter. At the end of the Earth period a man might have carried through and completely absolved his Karma; he might have made personal compensation for all his imperfect deeds; he might have become whole in his soul-being, in his ego, but the objective sin and guilt would remain. That is an absolute truth, for we do not live only for ourselves, so that by adjusting our Karma we may become egotistically more nearly perfect; we live for the world, and at the end of the ages the remains of our Earth incarnations will stand there like a mighty tableau if we have not taken into us the living Christ.
When we connect what was said yesterday with what is being said today (and it is really the same, only seen from two sides) we understand how Christ takes upon Himself the guilt and sin of Earth humanity, in so far as these are objective guilt and sin. And if we have inwardly realized this “Not I, but Christ in me”, the Christ in us, then He takes over the objective remains of our incarnations, and they stand there vivified by Christ, irradiated by Christ and permeated by His life. Yes, the remains of our incarnations stand there, and what do they come to, taken as a whole?
Because Christ unites them all—Christ who belongs to all mankind in the present and in the future—the remains of the single incarnations are all compressed together. Every human soul lives in successive incarnations. From each incarnation certain relics or remains are left, as we have described. Further incarnations will leave other remains, and so on, up to the end of the Earth period. If these relics are permeated by Christ, they are compressed together. Compress what is rarefied and you will get density. Spirit also becomes dense, and so our collective Earth-incarnations are united into a spiritual body. This body belongs to us; we need it because we evolve onwards to Jupiter, and it will be the starting-point of our embodiment on Jupiter. At the end of the Earth period we shall stand there with the soul—whatever the particular karma of the soul may be—and we shall stand there before our earthly relics which have been gathered together by Christ, and we shall have to unite with them in order to pass over with them to Jupiter.
We shall rise again in the body, in the earthly body that has condensed out of the separate incarnations. Truly, my dear friends, from a heart profoundly moved I utter these words: “In the body we shall rise again!”
In these days, young people of sixteen and even less are beginning to claim a creed of their own, and to talk of having happily grown beyond such nonsense as the “Resurrection of the Body”. But those who seek to deepen their occult knowledge of the mysteries of the universe strive gradually to rise to an understanding of what has been said to mankind, because—as I explained at the beginning of the lecture—it had first of all to be said, in order that men might grasp it as life-truth and come to understand it later. The resurrection of the body is a reality, but our soul must feel that it will rise again with the earthly relics that have been collected, brought together by Christ, by the spiritual body that is permeated with Christ. This is what our soul must learn to understand. For let us suppose that, because of our not having received into ourselves the living Christ, we could not approach this Earth-body, with its sin and guilt, and unite with it. If we had rejected the Christ, the relics of our various incarnations would be scattered at the end of the Earth period; they would have remained, but they would not have been gathered together by the Christ, who spiritualizes the whole of humanity. We should stand there as souls at the end of the Earth period and we should be bound to the Earth, to that part of the Earth which remains dead in our relics. Certainly our souls would be free in the spirit in an egotistic sense, but we would be unable to approach our bodily relics. Such souls are the booty of Lucifer, for he strives to thwart the true goal of the Earth; he tries to prevent souls from reaching their Earth-goal, to hold them back in the spiritual world. And in the Jupiter period Lucifer will send over what has remained of scattered Earth-relics as a dead content of Jupiter. It will not, as Moon, separate from Jupiter, but will be within Jupiter, and it will be continually thrusting up these Earth-relics. And these Earth-relics will have to be animated as species-souls by the souls above.
And now you will remember what I have told you some years ago: that the human race on Jupiter will divide itself into those souls who have attained their Earth-goal, who will have attained the goal of Jupiter, and into those souls who will form a middle kingdom between the human kingdom and the animal kingdom on Jupiter. These latter will be Luciferic souls—Luciferic, merely spiritual. They will have their body below, and it will be a direct expression of their whole inner being, but they will be able to direct it only from outside. Two races, the good and the bad, will differentiate themselves from one another on Jupiter. This was stated years ago; today we wish to consider it more deeply.
A Venus-existence will follow that of Jupiter, and again there will be an adjustment through the further evolution of the Christ; but it is on Jupiter that man will realize what it means to be perfected only in his own ego, instead of making the whole Earth his concern. That is something he will have to experience through the whole course of the Jupiter cycle, for everything he has not permeated with Christ during his earthly existence may then appear before his spiritual sight.
Let us reflect from this point of view upon the words of Christ with which He sent His disciples out into the world to proclaim His Name, and in His Name to forgive sins. Why to forgive sins in His Name? Because the forgiveness of sins is connected with His Name. Sins can be blotted out and transformed into living life only if Christ can be united with our Earth-relics, if during our Earth-existence He is within us in the sense of the Pauline saying: “Not I, but Christ in me”.
And wherever any religious denomination associates itself in its outer observances with this saying of Christ, in order to bring home to souls, again and again, all that is connected with Christ, we must seek this deeper meaning in it. When, in any religious denomination, one of Christ's servants speaks of the forgiveness of sins, as though by Christ's command, it means that with his words he forms a connection with the forgiveness of sins through Christ, and to the soul in need of comfort he says, in effect: “I have seen that you have developed a living relationship to Christ. You are uniting the objective sin and guilt, and the objective sin and guilt that will enter into your Earth-relics, with everything that Christ is for you. Because I have recognized that you have permeated yourself with Christ—therefore I dare say to you: your sins are forgiven.”
Such words always mean that he who in any religious denomination speaks of the forgiveness of sins is convinced that the person in question has found a connection with Christ, that he wants to bear Christ in his heart and in his soul. Because of this he can properly give comfort when the other person comes to him conscious of guilt. “Christ will forgive you, and I am permitted to say to you that in His Name your sins are forgiven.” Christ is the only forgiver of sins because He is the bearer of sins. He is the Being who gives life to human Earth-relics, and a wonderful link with Him is created when those who want to serve Him can give comfort in the words, “Your sins are forgiven”, to those who show that in their inner being they feel a union with Christ. For it is like a fresh strengthening of the relationship to Christ when the soul realizes: “I have understood my guilt and sins in such a way that it can permissibly be said to me that Christ takes them upon himself, works through them with His being.” If the expression “the forgiveness of sins” is to be an expression of the truth, it must always carry an undertone which reminds the sinner of his bond with Christ, even if he does not form it anew. Between the soul and Christ there must be a bond so intense that the soul cannot be reminded of it often enough. And because the Christ is bound up with the objective sin and guilt of the human soul, the soul can best remind itself in daily life of its relationship to Christ by always remembering, at the moment of the forgiveness of sins, the presence of the Cosmic Christ in the Earth's existence.
Those who join Anthroposophy in the right spirit, and not merely in an external sense, can most assuredly become their own father confessors. Most assuredly through Spiritual Science they can learn to know Christ so intimately, and feel themselves so closely connected with Him, that they can be directly conscious of His spiritual presence. And when they have solemnly vowed themselves to Him as the Cosmic Principle, they can in spirit direct their confusion to Him and in their silent meditation ask from Him the forgiveness of sins. But as long as men have not yet permeated themselves with spiritual science in this deep spiritual sense, we must look with understanding at what the “forgiveness of sins” signifies in the various religious observances of the world. Men will become spiritually freer and freer, and in this greater spiritual freedom their communion with Christ will become more and more a direct experience.
And there must be tolerance! A person who believes that through the deep inward understanding he has of the Spirit of the Mystery of Golgotha, the Christ, he can hold direct intercourse with the Christ, must look with understanding upon those who need the positive declarations of a confession of faith, and a minister of Christ to give them comfort with words, “Your sins are forgiven”. On the other hand, there should be tolerance on the part of those who see that there are men who can be independent. In earthly life this may be all an ideal, but the anthroposophist may at least look up to such an ideal.
I have spoken to you of spiritual secrets which make it possible for men—even those who have absorbed much anthroposophical teaching—to look still more deeply into the whole nature of our being. I have spoken to you of the overcoming of human egoism, and of those things we must understand before we can have a right understanding of Karma. I have spoken to you of man in so far as he is not only an “I” being, but belongs to the whole Earth-existence and is thereby called to help forward the attainment of the divine aim appointed for the Earth. The Christ did not come into the world and pass through the Mystery of Golgotha in order that He might be something to each one of us in our egoism. It would be terrible if Christ were to be so understood that the words of Paul, “Not I, but Christ in me” served only to encourage a higher egoism. Christ died for the whole of humanity, for the humanity of the Earth. Christ became the central spirit of the Earth, who has to save for the Earth the spiritual-earthly elements that flow out from man.
Nowadays one can read theological works—and those who have read them will bear me out—which assure us that certain theologians of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have at last disposed of the popular medieval belief that Christ came to Earth in order to snatch the Earth from the devil, to snatch the Earth from Lucifer. Within modern theology there is an “enlightened” materialism which will not recognize itself as such but on the contrary imagines itself to be specially enlightened. It says: “In the dark Middle Ages people said that Christ appeared in the world because He had to snatch the Earth away from the devil.” But the true explanation leads us back to this simple, popular belief. For everything on the Earth that is not set free by Christ belongs to Lucifer. All that is human in us, all that is more than what is merely confined in our ego, is ennobled, is made fruitful for the whole of humanity, when it is permeated with Christ.
And now, at the end of our considerations during the last few days, I would not like to conclude without saying those further words to each single one of the souls who are gathered together here:
Hope and confidence in the future of our work can dwell in our hearts, because we have endeavored, from the very beginning, to fill what we had to say with the will of Christ. And this hope and confidence may allow us to say that our teaching is itself what Christ has wished to say to us, in fulfillment of His words: “I am with you always, even to the end of the Earth ages.” We have wished to be mindful only of what comes from Him. And all that He has inspired us with, according to His promise, we want to take into our souls as our spiritual science. It is not because we feel our spiritual science to be imbued with any sort of Christian dogmatism that we regard it as Christian, but because, having Christ within us, we look on it as a revelation of the Christ in ourselves. I am therefore also convinced that the springing up of true spiritual science in those souls who want to receive, with us, our Christ-filled spiritual science will be fruitful for the whole of humanity, and especially for those who welcome these fruits.
Clairvoyant observation shows that much of what is good, spiritually good, in our Movement proceeds from those who have taken our Christian spiritual science into themselves, and then, having passed through the gate of death, send down to us the fruits of this Christian spiritual science. The Christian spiritual science which those souls have taken into themselves and are now sending down to us from the spiritual worlds is already living in us. For they do not keep it in their own karmic stream for the sake of their own perfecting; they can let it stream into those who want to receive it. Comfort and hope arise for our spiritual science when we know that our so-called “dead” are working with us.
In the second lecture we spoke about these things in a certain connection. But today, when we have come to the close of the course, I should like to add a personal word.
While I have been speaking to the Norrköping Branch of our society, I could not be other than conscious always of the spirit of one who was so closely connected with us here. The spirit of Frau Danielsen looks down like a good angel on all that this Branch wants to undertake. Hers also was a Christian spirit in the sense described, and the souls who knew her will never feel themselves separated from her. May that spirit hover as guardian-spirit over this Branch! Most willingly and surely will it do so if the souls who work in this Branch receive it. With these words, spoken from the depths of my heart, I close these lectures, and I hope that we shall continue to work together on the spiritual path we have embraced.
Vierter Vortrag
Die Menschheit braucht fortwährend Wahrheiten, die nicht zu jeder Zeit vollständig verstanden werden können. Wahrheiten in sich aufnehmen, bedeutet nämlich nicht nur etwas für die Erkenntnis, sondern Wahrheiten als solche enthalten Lebenskraft. Und indem wir uns mit der Wahrheit durchdringen, durchdringen wir uns in unserem Seelischen mit einem Elemente der Welt, wie wir uns durchdringen müssen in unserem Leiblichen fortwährend mit der von außen aufgenommenen Luft, damit wir leben können. Das ist der Grund, warum in den religiösen Urkunden tiefe Wahrheiten ausgesprochen werden, aber in solcher Form, daß die Menschen sie oftmals ihrer eigentlich inneren Bedeutung nach erst viel, viel später erkennen können, als sie geoffenbart werden.
Sehen Sie, das Neue Testament ist geschrieben worden, das Neue Testament liegt als eine Urkunde für die Menschheit, man möchte sagen, ausgebreitet da; aber die ganze Erdenentwickelung, die noch kommen soll, wird notwendig sein, um dieses Neue Testament vollständig zu verstehen. Man wird in der Zukunft noch über die äußere Welt vieles erfahren, man wird vieles erfahren auch über die geistige Welt, und alles wird dazu beitragen können, wenn man es im richtigen Lichte sehen wird, das Neue Testament zu verstehen. Das Verständnis kommt nach und nach, aber das Neue Testament ist geschrieben in einer einfachen Form, so daß es aufgenommen werden kann und später nach und nach verstanden werden kann. Denn es ist nicht bedeutungslos, wenn wir uns durchdringen mit der Wahrheit, die eben im Neuen Testament liegt, auch wenn wir diese Wahrheit noch nicht in ihrem tiefsten Innern verstehen. Später wird die Wahrheit Erkenntniskraft, vorher ist sie aber schon Lebenskraft, indem sie aufgenommen wird, man möchte sagen, in einer mehr oder weniger kindlichen Form. Und gerade die Fragen, die wir gestern angefangen haben zu betrachten, sie erfordern, wenn sie so verstanden werden sollen, wie sie im Neuen Testament mitgeteilt sind, eine immer tiefer und tiefer gehende Erkenntnis, ein Hineinblicken in die geistige Welt und ihre Geheimnisse.
Wenn wir die gestern begonnenen Betrachtungen fortsetzen wollen, dann müssen wir heute schon ein wenig in einzelne okkulte Geheimnisse hineinblicken, denn die werden uns ein Führer sein können, die Frage, das Rätsel von Sünde und Schuld, noch weiter zu verstehen, um so gerade von diesem Gesichtspunkte aus einiges Licht zu werfen auf das Verhältnis des Christus zur menschlichen Seele.
Vor allen Dingen ist uns ja öfter schon ein Gesichtspunkt aufgestoßen im Verlauf unserer geisteswissenschaftlichen Arbeit, ein Gesichtspunkt, den wir in eine Frage kleiden können — er ist auch schon öfter von uns in diese Frage gekleidet worden: Warum ist Christus gestorben in einem menschlichen Leibe? Diese Frage, die im Grunde genommen die Frage des Mysteriums von Golgatha ausdrückt: Warum ist der Christus gestorben, warum ist der Gott gestorben in einem menschlichen Leibe?
Der Gott ist gestorben, weil durch die Weltenentwickelung die Notwendigkeit vorlag, daß der Gott in den Erdenmenschen einziehen könne, daß ein Gott der oberen Welten der Führer der Erdenentwickelung werden konnte. Dazu mußte der Christus todverwandt werden. Todverwandt, meine lieben Freunde! Man möchte, daß dieses Wort recht tief, tief von Menschenseelen verstanden werde.
Der Tod tritt ja dem Menschen in der Regel nur entgegen, wenn der Mensch den Menschen selber sterben sieht oder auch noch bei anderen Erscheinungen, die man ähnlich dem Tode in der Welt findet, oder in der Gewißheit, daß man selbst zu gehen hat durch die Pforte des Todes, wenn die gegenwärtige Inkarnation abgelaufen sein wird. Aber dieses ist im Grunde genommen nur der äußere Aspekt des Todes. Der Tod ist noch ganz anders in der Welt vorhanden, in der wir leben, und auf das muß aufmerksam gemacht werden. Gehen wir von einer ganz gewöhnlichen alltäglichen Erscheinung aus. Wir atmen die Luft ein und atmen sie wieder aus. Aber die Luft macht eine Veränderung in uns durch. Wenn sie ausgeatmet ist, diese Luft, dann ist sie Todesluft; als ausgeatmete Luft kann sie nicht weiter geatmet werden, die ausgeatmete Luft ist tötend. Ich will das nur andeuten, damit Sie verstehen, was durch den okkulten Satz ausgesprochen wird: «Indem die Luft in den Menschen einzieht, stirbt sie.» Wahrhaftig, dasjenige, was in der Luft lebendig ist, das stirbt, indem es in den Menschen einzieht. Der Tod zieht mit jedem Atemzuge für die Luft ein, indem der Mensch die Luft atmet. Aber das ist nur eine Erscheinung. Der Lichtstrahl, der in unser Auge dringt, muß ebenso sterben, und wir würden nichts in der Welt von Lichtstrahlen haben, wenn unser Auge sich nicht, wie unsere Lunge der Luft, dem Lichtstrahl entgegenstellte. Und jedes Licht, das in unser Auge dringt, stirbt in unserem Auge, und vom Tode des Lichtes in unserem Auge haben wir es, daß wir sehen können. So stirbt dasjenige, was im Lichte lebendig ist, indem es in unser Auge eindringt. In unserem Auge wird der Lichtstrahl getötet. Wir morden ihn, damit wir die Wahrnehmungen des Auges haben. Wir sind so angefüllt mit demjenigen, was in uns ersterben muß, damit wir unser menschliches Erdenbewußtsein haben. Körperlich töten wir die Luft, wir töten auch den Lichtstrahl, der in uns eindringt, und so töten wir in vielfacher Beziehung.
Wir unterscheiden, wenn wir die Geisteswissenschaft zu Hilfe rufen, den Erdenstoff, den Wasserstoff, den Luftstoff, den Wärmestoff. Wir treten dann in die Welt des Lichtäthers, wir sprechen von Wärmeäther, von Lichtäther. Bis zum Lichtäther hinauf töten wir dasjenige, was in uns dringt, wir morden es fortwährend, damit wir unser Erdenbewußtsein haben. Etwas aber können wir nicht töten durch unser Erdendasein. Wir wissen, daß es über dem Lichtäther gibt den sogenannten Chemischen Äther und dann den Lebensäther. Das sind die beiden Ätherarten, die wir nicht töten können. Aber dafür haben diese beiden Ätherarten auch keinen besonderen Anteil an uns. Würden wir in der Lage sein, auch den Chemischen Äther zu töten, dann würden fortwährend in unseren physischen Leib die Wellen der Sphärenharmonie hereintönen, und wir würden diese Wellen der Sphärenharmonie mit unserem physischen Leben fortwährend in uns ertöten. Und könnten wir auch den Lebensäther töten, so würden wir das kosmische Leben, das der Erde zuströmt, fortwährend in uns selber ertöten. Uns ist im irdischen "Ton ein Surrogat gegeben, aber das ist nicht zu vergleichen mit demjenigen, was wir hören würden, wenn uns überhaupt als physischer Mensch der chemische Äther hörbar wäre. Denn der physische Ton ist ein Produkt der Luft, und er ist nicht der geistige Ton; er ist nur ein Surrogat des geistigen Tones.
Als die luziferische Versuchung kam, da waren die fortschreitenden Götter genötigt, den Menschen in eine Sphäre zu versetzen, wo vom Lichtäther nach abwärts in seinem physischen Leibe der Tod lebt. Aber dazumal sagten diese fortschreitenden Götter — und das Wort ist wohl in der Bibel verzeichnet -: «Die Unterscheidung von Gut und Böse hat sich der Mensch angeeignet, aber das Leben, das soll er nicht haben. Vom Baume des Lebens soll er nicht essen.» (1. Mose 3, 22) Und ein anderes Wort kann im Sinne des Okkultismus dazugefügt werden; die Fortsetzung dieses Wortes «Vom Baume des Lebens soll der Mensch nicht essen» würde heißen: «Und vom Geiste des Stoffes soll er nicht hören.» Vom Baume des Lebens soll der Mensch nicht essen, und vom Geiste des Stoffes soll der Mensch nicht hören! Diese Regionen sind diejenigen, die dem Menschen verschlossen wurden. Nur durch eine gewisse Prozedur in den alten Mysterien wurden den Einzuweihenden, als sie vorausnehmend den Christus sehen durften außer dem Leibe, auch die Töne der Sphärenmusik erschlossen und das durch die Welt pulsende kosmische Leben. Daher sprechen die alten Philosophen von der Sphärenmusik.
Indem wir auf dieses aufmerksam machen, weisen wir zu gleicher Zeit hin auf diejenigen Regionen, aus denen der Christus zu uns gekommen ist bei der Johannestaufe im Jordan. Woher kam der Christus? Aus denjenigen Regionen kam er, die dem Menschen verschlossen worden sind durch die Versuchung des Luzifer, aus der Region der Sphärenmusik, aus der Region des kosmischen Lebens. Diese Regionen hat der Mensch vergessen müssen am Erdenurbeginn durch die luziferische Versuchung. Der Christus aber zog bei der Johannestaufe im Jordan in einen Menschenleib ein, und dasjenige, was diesen Menschenlesb durchsetzte, das war das Geistige der Sphärenmusik, das war das Geistige des kosmischen Lebens, das war dasjenige, was zur Menschenseele noch gehörte während ihrer ersten Erdenzeit, woraus aber die Menschenseele verbannt werden mußte durch die luziferische Versuchung. So ist der Mensch auch in diesem Sinne geistverwandt. Er gehört eigentlich an mit seiner Seele der Region der Sphärenmusik und der Region des Wortes, des lebendigen kosmischen Äthers. Aber er wurde daraus vertrieben. Und wiedergegeben sollte es ihm werden, so daß er sich nach und nach mit dem, woraus er verbannt worden war, wiederum durchdringen könne. Deshalb berühren uns auch vom Standpunkt der Geisteswissenschaft so tief die Worte des JohannesEvangeliums: Im Urbeginne, als der Mensch der Versuchung noch nicht unterlegen war, da war der Logos. Der Mensch gehörte dem Logos an. Der Logos war bei Gott, und der Mensch war mit dem Logos bei Gott. Und durch die Johannestaufe im Jordan trat der Logos in die menschliche Entwickelung ein, er wurde Mensch.
Hier haben wir den Zusammenhang, den bedeutungsvollen Zusammenhang. Lassen wir einmal diese Wahrheit dastehen und versuchen wir uns der Frage noch von einer anderen Seite her zu nähern.
Das ganze Leben zeigt sich uns ja nur von der Außenseite, meine lieben Freunde. Wenn es sich nicht bloß von der Außenseite zeigen würde, so würde der Mensch fortwährend wissen, wie er den Leichnam des Lichtes in sein Auge einsaugt, indem er sieht.
Was mußte denn der Christus übernehmen, damit möglich wurde die Erfüllung des Paulinischen Ausspruches «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir»? Es mußte ja möglich sein, daß der Christus die Menschennatur durchdringe; aber die Menschennatur ist erfüllt mit dem, was durch die Menschennatur im Erdendasein ertötet wird, vom Lichtäther abwärts, der im Auge erstirbt. Mit Tod angefüllt ist die Menschennatur, nur entzogen wurde ihr dasjenige, was in den beiden höchsten Ätherarten liegt, damit nicht auch deren Tod die menschliche Natur anfüllen könne. Damit aber der Christus in uns wohnen konnte, mußte er todverwandt werden, verwandt dem Tode, verwandt alledem, was in der Welt ausgebreitet ist, vom Licht anfangend bis hinunter in die Tiefen der Stofflichkeit. Der Christus mußte einziehen können in dasjenige, was wir als den Leichnam des Lichtes, den Leichnam der Wärme, den Leichnam der Luft und so weiter in uns tragen. Nur dadurch hat er menschenverwandt werden können, daß er todverwandt geworden ist. Und wir müssen in unserer Seele fühlen, daß der Gott sterben mußte, damit er uns, die wir uns den Tod erobert haben durch die luziferische Versuchung, erfüllen konnte, und wir sagen können: Der Christus in uns.
Aber noch manches andere verbirgt sich hinter dem sinnlichen Dasein für den Menschen. Der Mensch richtet seinen Blick auf die Pflanzenwelt; er sieht, wie das Licht der Sonne die Pflanzen hervorzaubert aus den Erdengründen. Die Wissenschaft lehrt uns, daß das Licht zum Wachstum der Pflanzen notwendig ist. Ja, meine lieben Freunde, das ist aber nur die eine Hälfte der Wahrheit. Derjenige, der mit hellsichtigem Blick die Pflanzen ansieht, der sieht aus den Pflanzen aufsteigen lebendige Geistes-Elemente. Das Licht taucht nämlich in die Pflanzen unter und steigt wiederum auf als lebendiges Geistes-Element. Das Licht steigt in die Pflanzen hinein, um sich in ihnen zu verwandeln, um in ihnen wiedergeboren zu werden als lebendiges Geistes-Element. In die Tiere steigt der chemische Äther hinein, den der Mensch nicht wahrnehmen kann; er würde geistig tönen, wenn der Mensch ihn wahrnehmen könnte. Und die Tiere verwandeln diesen Äther in Wassergeister. Die Pflanzen verwandeln das Licht in Luftgeister, die Tiere verwandeln den Geist, der im chemischen Äther wirkt, in Wassergeister. Der Mensch aber verwandelt dasjenige, was im kosmischen Äther, im Lebensäther liegt, dasjenige, was macht, daß er überhaupt leben kann, und von dem verhindert worden ist, daß er es töten könne in sich, das verwandelt er in Erdgeister. Ja, in Erdgeister verwandelt er es.
Ich habe einmal bei einem Zyklus in Karlsruhe von dem menschlichen Phantom gesprochen. Es ist hier nicht die Zeit, die Verbindungslinien zu ziehen zwischen dem, was hier zu sagen ist und dem, was dort über das menschliche Phantom gesagt worden ist, aber es gibt eine solche Verbindungslinie. Sie werden sie vielleicht selbst finden, wenn Sie betrachten das heute Gesagte mit dem dort Gesagten. Heute muß ich die Sache von einer anderen Seite darstellen.
Fortwährend erzeugt sich im Menschen auch etwas Geistiges. Dasjenige, was als Leben im Menschen lebt, das geht gleichsam fortwährend in die Welt hinaus. Der Mensch verbreitet eine Aura um sich, eine Strahlungs-Aura, wodurch er das erdgeistige Element der Erde fortwährend bereichert. In diesem Erdgeist-Element der Erde, da ist aber enthalten, indem es der Mensch hinüberschickt in die Erde, all dasjenige, was der Mensch an moralischen und an sonstigen erworbenen, im Leben erworbenen menschlichen Qualitäten in sich trägt. Wahr ist es, durchaus wahr: Für den hellsichtigen Blick zeigt es sich, wie der Mensch fortwährend in die Welt hinausschickt seine moralische und intellektuelle und ästhetische Aura, und wie diese Aura als Erdengeist in der Erdengeistigkeit weiterlebt. Wir ziehen nach uns durch das ganze Erdenleben, wie der Komet seinen Schweif durch das Weltall nach sich zieht, dasjenige, was wir gleichsam an Geistes-Aura ausdünsten, was sich während unseres Lebens zusammenfügt, phantomhaft, aber zugleich unser moralisches und intellektuelles Seelengut in die Welt hinausstrahlt.
Das Leben ist kompliziert, und auch dieses ist eine Erscheinung des Lebens.
Wenn wir zurückgehen in der okkulten Betrachtung vor das Mysterium von Golgatha, da finden wir, daß die Menschen dazumal dieses phantomartige Wesen, das ihre moralischen Qualitäten enthielt, einfach hinausgeschickt haben in die äußere Welt, in die äußere geistige Aura der Erde. Aber die Menschheit entwickelte sich im Laufe des Erdendaseins, und es war zu einem gewissen Stadium dieser Entwickelung gerade in bezug auf dieses phantomartige Wesen, das der Mensch ausstrahlt, in den Zeiten gekommen, in denen das Mysterium von Golgatha in der Erdenentwickelung geschah. Man möchte sagen: Früher war das phantomartige Wesen, das der Mensch ausstrahlte, viel flüchtiger. Es wurde dichter, gestaltenartiger in der Zeit, in der das Mysterium von Golgatha über die Erde kam. Und der Mensch mischte als einen Grundcharakter diesem phantomartigen Wesen dasjenige bei, was er an Tod in sich aufnimmt, indem er den Lichtstrahl, der in das Auge eindringt, tötet und so weiter, wie ich es auseinandergesetzt habe. Gewissermaßen ein totgeborenes Geisteskind sind diese erdgeistartigen Wesen, die der Mensch von sich ausstrahlt, weil der Mensch ihnen seinen Tod mitgibt.
Und stellen wir uns vor, der Christus wäre nicht auf die Erde gekommen, dann würden die Menschen während des Aufenthaltes ihrer Seelen im Erdenleibe fortwährend solche Wesen ausstrahlen, denen der Tod eingeprägt ist. Und mit diesem Tode verbunden wären die moralischen Qualitäten der Menschen, von denen wir gestern gesprochen haben: objektive Schuld und objektive Sünde, die wären da drinnen, da drinnen lägen sie. Nehmen wir an, der Christus wäre nicht gekommen, — was wäre geschehen in der Erdenentwickelung? Von der Zeit an, in die also sonst das Mysterium von Golgatha fällt, hätten die Menschen dichte Gestalten geistig geschaffen, denen sie den Tod eingegeben hätten. Und diese dichten Gestalten, sie wären dasjenige geworden, was mit der Erde nach dem Jupiter hätte hinüberziehen müssen. Der Mensch hätte der Erde den Tod erteilt. Eine tote Erde hätte einen toten Jupiter geboren!
Denn so hätte es kommen müssen, weil dem Menschen, wenn das Mysterium von Golgatha nicht gekommen wäre, die Möglichkeit gefehlt hätte, das, was so ausstrahlt von ihm, zu durchdringen mit dem, was in der Sphärenmusik liegt und mit dem, was im kosmischen Leben liegt. Die wären nicht dagewesen, wären nicht eingeströmt in das, was der Mensch von sich ausstrahlt. Diese aber hat der Christus gebracht mit dem Mysterium von Golgatha. Und indem sich, wenn wir den Christus aufnehmen in uns, erfüllt das «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir», belebt sich, indem wir zu dem Christus Beziehungen in uns entwickeln, dasjenige, was so von uns ausstrahlt, was sonst tot wäre. Weil wir den Tod in uns tragen, muß uns der lebendige Christus durchdringen, damit er das, was wir als geistiges Erdenwesen zurücklassen, belebe. In das, was sich von uns loslöst als objektive Sünde, als objektive Schuld, was wir nicht im Karma weitertragen, in das dringt der lebendige Logos, der Christus ein und belebt es, und indem er es belebt, wird eine lebendige Erde zu einem lebendigen Jupiter hinüber sich entwickeln. Das ist die Folge des Mysteriums von Golgatha.
Unsere Seele aber kann, wenn sie solches bedenkt, den Christus empfangen in der folgenden Weise. Sie kann sich sagen, diese Seele: Ja, da gab es einmal eine Zeit, in welcher der Mensch im Schoße des göttlichen Logos war. Aber der Mensch mußte der luziferischen Versuchung unterliegen. Er nahm den Tod in sich auf. Er nahm damit
den Keim dazu auf, daß eine tote Erde einen toten Jupiter zur Geburt gebracht hätte. Zurückgeblieben ist dasjenige, was die Menschenseele vor der Versuchung für ihr Erdendasein hätte mit empfangen sollen. Mit dem Christus ist es wieder eingezogen in das menschliche Erdendasein.
Und wenn der Mensch nun aufnimmt den Christus in sich, so daß er sich durchdrungen fühlt mit diesem Christus, dann kann er sich sagen: Dasjenige, was die Götter mir zugeteilt haben vor der luziferischen Versuchung, das aber dadurch, daß die luziferische Versuchung eintrat, hat zurückbleiben müssen im kosmischen All, das zieht mit dem Christus in meine Seele ein. Die Seele wird erst dadurch wieder vollständig, daß sie den Christus in sich aufnimmt. Da bin ich erst ganz Seele, da bin ich erst wiederum, wozu ich durch den göttlichen Ratschluß von Urbeginn der Erde an bestimmt war. — Bin ich denn wahrhaft eine Seele ohne den Christus? frägt man sich. Man fühlt, man wird erst durch den Christus die Seele, die man hätte werden sollen nach dem Ratschluß der führenden Götter. Das ist das wunderbare Heimatgefühl, das die Seelen haben können mit diesem Christus. Denn aus der uralten kosmischen Heimat der Seele ist der kosmische Christus herabgekommen, um der Menschenseele dasjenige wieder zu geben, was sie auf der Erde durch die luziferische Versuchung verlieren mußte. Hinauf führt der Christus die Seele wieder zu ihrer uralten Heimat, die ihr von den Göttern zugeteilt worden ist.
Das ist das Beglückende, das Beseligende des wirklichen Erlebens des Christus in der Menschenseele. Das war es, was zum Beispiel so beglückend auf gewisse christliche Mystiker des Mittelalters gewirkt hat. Mögen sie auch manches geschrieben haben, das an und für sich in ihren Vorstellungen zu sinnlich war, aber es lag da Geistiges zugrunde. Solche christlichen Mystiker, die sich anschlossen zum Beispiel an Bernhard von Clairvaux und andere, sie empfanden die menschliche Seele wie eine Braut, die ihren Bräutigam verloren hat beim Erdenurbeginn; und wenn der Christus einzog in ihre Seelen, sie durchlebend, durchseelend, durchgeistigend, dann empfanden sie den Christus als den Seelenbräutigam, der sich mit der Seele verband und den sie einstmals verloren hatten, in der uralten Heimat der Seele, die sie verlassen hat, um durch Luzifer den Weg der Freiheit zu gehen, den Weg der Unterscheidung des Guten und des Bösen zu gehen.
Wenn sich die Menschenseele wirklich einlebt in den Christus, wenn sie den Christus als das lebendige Wesen empfindet, das ausgeflossen ist vom Tod auf Golgatha in die geistige Erdenatmosphäre und das einfließen kann in die Seele, dann fühlt sie sich in der Tat durch diesen Christus innerlich belebt. Sie fühlt einen Übergang von einem Tode zum Leben!
Nicht können wir — weil wir ja bis in unsere fernere Erdenzeit irdisches Leben absolvieren müssen in Menschenleibern — die Sphärenmusik unmittelbar hören, nicht können wir das kosmische Leben unmittelbar in uns erleben, aber wir können erleben dasjenige, was von dem Christus ausfließt, und haben stellvertretend damit dasjenige, was uns sonst aus der Sphärenmusik und dem kosmischen Leben zukommen würde.
Der alte Pythagoras hat von der Sphärenmusik gesprochen. Warum hat er davon gesprochen, meine lieben Freunde? Nun, er war ein Eingeweihter der alten Mysterien. Er hat durchgemacht jenen Prozeß, durch den die Seele herausging aus dem Leibe. Wenn die Seele heraus war aus dem Leibe, da konnte er entrückt werden in die geistigen Welten; da sah er den Christus, der erst später in die Erde kommen sollte. So kann der Mensch nach dem Mysterium von Golgatha nicht von der Sphärenmusik sprechen wie Pythagoras gesprochen hat, aber er kann, auch wenn er nicht außerhalb des Leibes lebt mit seiner Seele, in anderer Weise sprechen von der Sphärenmusik. Als Eingeweihter könnte er auch heute sprechen wie Pythagoras; aber der gewöhnliche Erdenmensch in seinem physischen Leibe kann von Sphärenmusik und vom kosmischen Leben nur sprechen, wenn er in seiner Seele erlebt das «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir», denn das ist, was in der Sphärenmusik gelebt hat, das ist, was im kosmischen Leben gelebt hat. Aber wir müssen wirklich auch den Prozeß durchmachen in uns, wir müssen wirklich den Christus in unsere Seele aufnehmen.
Nehmen wir an, der Mensch würde sich sträuben, den Christus in seiner Seele aufzunehmen, er würde den Christus nicht in seiner Seele aufnehmen wollen. Dann würde er an das Erdenende ankommen, und er würde am Erdenende in dem, was sich aus den im Laufe der Menschheitsentwickelung entstandenen Erdengeistern herausgebildet hat, in jenem Geistnebelgebilde, das sich dann aus der Erde gebildet haben wird, all diese phantomartigen Wesen haben, die aus ihm herausgegangen sind in den früheren Inkarnationen. Die würden alle da sein. Das, was so da sein würde, das würde eine tote Erde sein und tot zum Jupiter hinübergehen. Ein Mensch könnte sein Karma vollständig ausgetragen haben, getilgt haben, das heißt, er könnte subjektiv alles das ausgleichend sich angeeignet haben, was er an Unvollkommenheiten verübt hat, am Ende der Erdenzeit; er könnte vollkommen geworden sein in seinem Seelischen, in seinem Ego, aber objektiv würde Schuld und Sünde dastehen in dem, was da zurückbleibt. Das ist durchaus eine Wahrheit, denn wir leben nicht nur für uns selbst, wir leben nicht dafür, daß wir durch Ausgleich unseres Karma uns egoistisch vollkommener machen, wir leben für die Welt, und am Ende der Zeiten werden dastehen die Reste unserer Erden-Inkarnationen wie ein mächtiges 'Tableau, wenn wir nicht den lebendigen Christus in uns aufgenommen haben. Denn wenn wir das, was wir gestern gesagt haben, verbinden mit dem, was heute gesagt worden ist — es ist im Grunde, nur von zwei Seiten gesehen, dasselbe —, so ersehen wir, wie der Christus Schuld und Sünde der Erdenmenschheit, insofern sie objektive Schulden und Sünden sind, auf sich nimmt. Und haben wir innerlich ergriffen dieses «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir, der Christus in uns», so übernimmt er das, was aus uns herauszieht, und unsere Reste stehen da von dem Christus belebt, von dem Christus durchlebt und durchstrahlt. Ja, unsere Inkarnationen stehen da, das heißt, die geschilderten Reste dieser Inkarnationen. Und was geben sie alle zusammen?
Dadurch, daß der Christus sie alle vereinigt, der Christus, der ja aller Menschheit gehört in Gegenwart und in Zukunft, pressen sich ineinander alle diese Reste der einzelnen Inkarnationen. Jede Menschenseele lebt in aufeinanderfolgenden Inkarnationen. Nehmen wir eine Inkarnation: bestimmte Reste bleiben da, wir haben sie geschildert. Nehmen wir die nächste Inkarnation: bestimmte Reste bleiben da, wir haben sie geschildert; weitere Inkarnationen: bestimmte Reste bleiben da, und so weiter bis zum Ende der Erdenzeiten. Die einzelnen Inkarnationen lassen ihre Reste zurück bis zum Ende der Erdenzeiten. Sind diese Reste durchchristet, so drücken sie, pressen sie sich zusammen. Dadurch aber, daß sich das Dünne zusammenpreßt, wird es dicht — auch Geistiges wird dicht — und unsere sämtlichen ErdenInkarnationen, sie sind zu einem Geistesleib vereinigt. Der gehört uns, den brauchen wir, indem wir zum Jupiter hinüber uns entwickeln, denn er ist der Ausgangspunkt unserer Verkörperung auf dem Jupiter. Wir werden dastehen mit unserer Seele am Ende der Erdenzeit — mag sie mit ihrem Karma wie immer stehen —, wir werden dastehen vor unseren vom Christus gesammelten Erdenresten und werden uns mit ihnen zu vereinigen haben, um mit ihnen gemeinschaftlich zum Jupiter hinüberzugehen.
Auferstehen werden wir im Leibe, in dem aus den einzelnen Inkarnationen verdichteten Erdenleibe. Wahrhaftig, meine lieben Freunde, mit tief bewegtem Herzen spreche ich es hier aus: Auferstehen werden wir im Leibe!
Sechzehnjährige und noch jüngere Leute fangen heute an, ihr eigenes Glaubensbekenntnis zu fordern und davon zu reden, daß sie «glücklich hinaus sind über solchen Unsinn wie — Auferstehung des Leibes». Diejenigen aber, die sich vertiefen okkultistisch in die Geheimnisse der Welt, die heben sich allmählich hinauf zum Verständnis dessen, was den Menschen gesagt worden ist; weil es ihnen — wie ich es im Eingang des Vortrages ausgeführt habe — zuerst gesagt werden mußte, damit sie es als Lebenswahrheit ergriffen, um es dann hinterher zu verstehen. Die Auferstehung der Leiber ist eine Wirklichkeit, aber unsere Seele muß es empfinden, daß sie auferstehen will gegenüber den vom Christus gesammelten Erdenresten, gegenüber dem Geistesleib, der durchchristet ist. Das muß unsere Seele verstehen lernen. Denn, nehmen wir an, wir könnten dadurch, daß wir den lebendigen Christus nicht in uns aufgenommen haben, an diesen Erdenleib mit seiner Schuld und seiner Sünde nicht herantreten und uns mit ihm vereinigen. Hätten wir den Christus zurückgewiesen, so würden am Ende der Erdenzeit unsere einzelnen Inkarnationsreste zerstreut dastehen; die wären verblieben, die wären nicht gesammelt worden von dem die ganze Menschheit durchgeistenden Christus. Wir ständen als Seele am Ende der Erdenzeiten erdgebunden da, wir wären an dasjenige in der Erde gebunden, was tot zurückbleibt in unseren Resten. Unsere Seele wäre zwar im Geiste für sich egoistisch befreit, aber wir könnten nicht an unsere leiblichen Reste heran. Solche Seelen, meine lieben Freunde, die sind die Beute Luzifers, denn er strebt danach, das eigentliche Erdenziel zu durchkreuzen, er strebt danach, die Seelen ihr Erdenziel nicht erreichen zu lassen, sie in der geistigen Welt zurückzubehalten. Und Luzifer wird in die Jupiterzeit hinübersenden dasjenige, was zerstreute Erdenreste geblieben sind, als toten Einschluß Jupiters, der dann als Mond, der sich nicht abtrennt vom Jupiter, im Jupiter darinnen sein wird und immer hinauftreiben wird diese Erdenreste. Und diese Erdenreste werden von den Seelen oben als von Gattungsseelen belebt werden müssen auf dem Jupiter.
Und jetzt erinnern Sie sich, was ich vor Jahren schon ausgesprochen habe: daß das Menschengeschlecht auf dem Jupiter sich spalten wird in ein solches, bei dem die Seelen ihr Erdenziel erreicht haben, die das Jupiterziel erreicht haben werden, und in solche Seelen, die ein Mittelreich bilden werden zwischen dem Menschenreich des Jupiter und dem Tierreich des Jupiter. Das werden Seelen sein, die luziferisch, das heißt bloß geistig da sind; ihren Leib werden sie unten haben, dieser Leib wird ein deutlicher Ausdruck sein ihres ganzen Seeleninnern, sie werden ihn aber nur von außen dirigieren können. Zwei Rassen, die Guten und die Bösen, werden sich auf dem Jupiter voneinander unterscheiden. — Das ist schon vor Jahren ausgeführt worden; heute wollen wir es tiefer betrachten.
Dem Jupiterdasein wird ja noch ein Venusdasein folgen, und ein Ausgleich wird geschaffen werden wiederum durch die weitere EvoJution des Christus, aber der Mensch soll gerade auf dem Jupiter dessen ansichtig werden, was es heißen soll: nur in seinem eigenen Ego vollkommen werden wollen und nicht die ganze Erde zu seiner Angelegenheit machen! Das soll der Mensch einmal durch den ganzen Jupiter-Zyklus hindurch erfahren, indem ihm alles dasjenige dann vor das geistige Auge treten kann, was er im Erdendasein nicht durchchristet hat.
Nehmen wir das alles zusammen, meine lieben Freunde, und gedenken wir von diesem Gesichtspunkte aus des Christus-Wortes, mit dem er hinausschickte seine Jünger in die Welt, zu verkündigen seinen Namen und in seinem Namen die Sünden zu vergeben. (Johannes 20, 23) Warum in seinem Namen die Sünden zu vergeben? Weil diese Sündenvergebung mit seinem Namen zusammenhängt; weil die Sünde nur getilgt und zu lebendigem Leben umgeschaffen werden kann, wenn der Christus mit unseren Erdenresten verbunden sein kann, wenn wir ihn zuerst während unseres Erdendaseins im Sinne des Paulinischen Wortes: «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir» in uns getragen haben.
Und wenn irgendwo ein religiöses Bekenntnis in seinen äußeren Handlungen anknüpft an dieses Christus-Wort, um den Seelen immer wiederum und wiederum das zu vergegenwärtigen, was mit dem Christus zusammenhängt, dann müssen wir darin auch diese tiefere Bedeutung suchen. Wenn in irgendeinem religiösen Bekenntnis, gleichsam im Auftrage Christi einer seiner Diener spricht von Vergebung der Sünden, so heißt das nichts anderes als: derjenige, der mit seinen Worten der Sündenvergebung anknüpft an die Vergebung der Sünden durch den Christus, der deutet der Seele, die getröster sein will, an: Ja, ich habe gesehen, du hast dein lebendiges Verhältnis zu dem Christus entwickelt, du vereinigst mit dem, was objektive Sünde und Schuld ist und einziehen soll als objektive Sünde und Schuld in deine Erdenreste, dasjenige, was dir der Christus ist. Weil ich erkannt habe, daß du dich durchdrungen hast mit dem Christus, so darf ich sagen: «Deine Sünden sind dir vergeben.»
Immer ist stillschweigend darinnen, daß derjenige, der in irgendeinem religiösen Bekenntnis von Sündenvergebung spricht, sich die Überzeugung verschafft hat: Der Betreffende hält es mit seinem Christus, er will seinen Christus in seinem Herzen und seiner Seele tragen. Deshalb darf er ihn trösten, wenn der andere schuldbewußt ihm entgegentritt: Der Christus wird dir verzeihen, und ich darf dir sagen, daß dir in seinem Namen deine Sünden vergeben sind.
So ist es eine schöne Anknüpfung an den einzigen Sündenvergeber — weil er der Sündenträger, weil er das die menschlichen Erdenreste belebende Wesen ist —, wenn diejenigen, die ihm dienen wollen, jene Seelen, denen gegenüber sie sich überzeugen können, daß sie in ihrem Innern sich mit dem Christus verknüpft fühlen, trösten können mit den Worten: «Deine Sünden sind dir vergeben.» Denn es ist gleichsam eine neue Bekräftigung des Verhältnisses der Seele zum Christus, wenn diese Seele hört: Ich habe meine Schulden, meine Sünden so aufgefaßt, daß mir gesagt werden darf, der Christus nehme sie auf sich, er durchwirke sie mit seinem Wesen. Immer ist in dem Unterton — wenn das Wort von der Sündenvergebung ein Wahrheitswort sein soll — das enthalten, daß der Sünder, der Schuldige, wenn er auch seinen Bund mit dem Christus nicht neuerdings schließt, wenigstens an sein Schließen erinnert wird. Denn ein so inniger Bund muß geschlossen werden zwischen der Seele und dem Christus, daß die Seele nicht oft genug das Bewußtsein von diesem Bund erneuern kann. Und weil der Christus in der geschilderten Weise mit objektiver Schuld und objektiver Sünde der Menschenseele verbunden ist, so kann die Seele ihr Verhältnis zu dem Christus im alltäglichen Leben am besten dadurch stets sich zum Bewußtsein bringen, daß sie gerade in dem Moment der Sündenvergebung sich an das Dasein des kosmischen Christus im Erdendasein immer wieder und wiederum erinnert.
Es werden diejenigen, die sich im echten Geiste die durchchristete Geisteswissenschaft aneignen — nicht bloß in einem äußeren Sinne, sondern im echten Geiste —, ganz gewiß auch ihre eigenen Beichtväter werden können. Ganz gewiß werden sie durch die Geisteswissenschaft den Christus immer mehr und mehr so intim kennen lernen, so intim sich mit ihm verbunden fühlen, daß sie unmittelbar seine geistige Gegenwart empfinden. Und sie werden, indem sie sich neuerdings ihm angeloben als dem kosmischen Prinzip, ihm im Geiste die Beichte verrichten und in ihrer stillen Meditation die Sündenvergebung von ihm erlangen können. Solange aber die Menschen sich noch nicht in diesem tiefen geistigen Sinne mit der Geisteswissenschaft durchdrungen haben, muß mit Verständnis hingewiesen werden auf dasjenige, was gleichsam in einem äußeren Zeichen in den verschiedenen Religionen der Welt als Sündenvergebung herrscht. Geistig freier und freier werden ja die Menschen, und indem sie geistig freier und freier werden, wird auch ihr Verkehr mit dem Christus immer unmittelbarer und unmittelbarer werden.
Und Toleranz soll geübt werden!
Gleich wie derjenige, der dadurch, daß er den Geist des Mysteriums von Golgatha, den Christus, in seinem Innern so tief ergriffen zu haben glaubt, daß er unmittelbar, man möchte sagen, Zwiesprache mit diesem Christus pflegen kann, mit Verständnis hinblicken muß auf die, welche die positiven Satzungen eines Bekenntnisses brauchen, welche den Christus-Diener brauchen, der ihnen immer wieder und wiederum "Trost mit den Worten gibt: «Deine Sünden sind dir vergeben», so sollten auf der anderen Seite tolerant sein diejenigen, welche sehen, daß Menschen da sind, die schon mit sich selber fertig werden. — Das mag alles ein Ideal sein im Erdendasein, aber wenigstens der Anthroposoph darf zu einem solchen Ideal aufblicken.
Meine lieben Freunde, ich habe Ihnen gesprochen von geistigen Geheimnissen, die sich enthüllen und die wohl den Menschen doch auch, wenn er schon vieles von Anthroposophie in sich aufgenommen hat, noch tiefer hineinblicken lassen in das ganze Wesen unseres Seins. Ich habe Ihnen gesprochen von jener Überwindung des Egoismus des Menschen, von jenen Dingen, deren Verständnis uns auch erst ein richtiges Karma-Verständnis gibt. Ich habe Ihnen gesprochen von dem Menschen, insofern er nicht nur ein Ich-Wesen ist, sondern dem ganzen Erdendasein angehört und dazu berufen ist, das göttliche Erdenziel mit zu fördern. Der Christus ist nicht etwa bloß dafür in die Welt gekommen und durch das Mysterium von Golgatha durchgegangen, damit er jedem einzelnen von uns etwas sein kann in unserem Egoismus. Furchtbar wäre es zu denken, daß der Christus etwa so aufgefaßt würde, daß das Paulinische Wort «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir» nur einen höheren Egoismus fördern würde. Der Christus ist für die ganze Menschheit gestorben, für die Erdenmenschheit! Der Christus ist der zentrale Geist der Erde geworden, der alles Erdengeistige, das von Menschen ausfließt, für die Erde zu retten hat.
Man kann heute Werke von Theologen lesen — und diejenigen, welche diese Werke gelesen haben, werden bestätigen können, was ich jetzt sage —, die etwa sagen: Ja, gewisse Theologen des neunzehnten und zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts haben endlich ausgerottet den mittelalterlichen Volksglauben, daß der Christus in der Welt erschienen ist, um die Erde dem Teufel zu entreißen, um die Erde dem Luzifer zu entreißen. — Es gibt ja auch innerhalb der Theologie heute einen aufgeklärten Materialismus, der sich nur nicht frank und frei als solcher bekennen will und besonders aufgeklärt tut. Ja, so sagen sie, in diesem finsteren Mittelalter, da haben die Leute davon gesprochen, daß der Christus in der Welt erschienen ist, weil er die Erde dem Teufel hat entreißen sollen. — Die wahre Aufklärung führt uns zu diesem einfachen, schlichten Volksglauben zurück ! Denn von der Erde gehört Luzifer all dasjenige, was durch den Christus nicht befreit wird. Und alles Menschliche, was in uns mehr ist als das, was bloß beschlossen ist in unserem Ego, es wird geadelt, es wird fruchtbar gemacht für die ganze Menschheit, wenn es durchchristet ist. Und indem ich am Ende der Betrachtungen dieser Tage vor Ihnen stehe, meine lieben Freunde, möchte ich nicht unterlassen, zu jeder einzelnen Seele derer, die da vereinigt waren in diesen Tagen, auch diese Worte noch zu sprechen:
Zukunftshoffnung und Vertrauen in die Zukunft unserer Sache, sie können wohnen in unseren Herzen, weil wir uns bemüht haben, von Anfang unserer Arbeit an, zu durchdringen dasjenige, was wir zu sagen haben, mit dem Willen des Christus. Und Hoffnung und Vertrauen gibt, daß gesagt werden darf: Schließlich ist unsere Lehre selbst dasjenige, was uns der Christus hat sagen wollen, erfüllend sein Wort: «Ich bin bei euch alle Tage bis ans Ende der Erdenzeiten.» (Matthäus 28, 20) Wir haben nur horchen wollen auf dasjenige, was von Ihm kommt. Und das, was Er uns inspiriert hat nach seinem Versprechen, wir wollen es in unsere Seele aufnehmen als unsere Geisteswissenschaft. Nicht, weil wir von irgend etwas Christlich-Dogmatischem durchsetzt fühlen unsere Geisteswissenschaft, betrachten wir sie als christlich, sondern weil wir, in uns durchchristet, sie als eine Offenbarung des Christus in uns selbst betrachten. Deshalb bin ich auch überzeugt, daß das, was so als echte, wahre Geisteswissenschaft aufkeimt in den Seelen, die mit uns zusammen diese unsere durchchristete Geisteswissenschaft aufnehmen wollen, fruchtbar wird für die ganze Menschheit und für diejenigen wiederum, die diese Früchte empfangen sollen, insbesondere.
Vieles von dem, was gut ist, geistig gut ist in unserer geisteswissenschaftlichen Bewegung, wenn man es hellsichtig betrachtet, zeigt sich so, daß es herrührt von denen, die mit uns unsere durchchristete Geisteswissenschaft aufgenommen haben, und die, nachdem sie durch die Pforte des Todes gegangen sind, das, was Früchte sind dieser durchchristeten Geisteswissenschaft, wiederum zu uns herunterschikken. Das lebt schon in uns, was uns herunterschicken aus den geistigen Welten diejenigen, die durchchristete Geisteswissenschaft aufgenommen haben. Denn sie behalten es nicht zu ihrer eigenen Vervollkommnung, in ihrer eigenen karmischen Strömung, sie können es einströmen lassen in Seelen, die es aufnehmen wollen. Trost und Hoffnung für unsere Geisteswissenschaft erblüht uns daraus, daß wir wissen: auch unsere sogenannten Toten arbeiten mit uns.
In einem gewissen Zusammenhang wurde schon vorgestern von solchen Dingen hier gesprochen. Aber heute, da ich am Schlusse dieser Betrachtungen stehe, meine lieben Freunde, darf ich, ich möchte sagen, persönlich, auch zu Ihren Seelen noch das eine Wort sagen:
Indem ich gesprochen habe zu diesem Zweige unserer Gesellschaft hier in Norrköping, da konnte ich nicht anders als immer fühlen den guten Geist derjenigen, die ja so innig verknüpft war mit dem, was wir hier unseren Norrköpinger Zweig nennen. Wie ein guter Engel dieses Zweiges schaut der Geist Frau Danielsons auf all das, was dieser Zweig unternehmen will. Und es war im geschilderten Sinne auch christlicher Geist. Die Seelen, die ihn erkennen, werden sich niemals getrennt von ihm fühlen. Möge er als Schutzgeist weiter über diesem Zweige walten. Er wird es gerne wollen; er will es sicher gern, wenn die Seelen, die in diesem Zweige arbeiten, ihn aufnehmen.
Mit diesen aus tiefstem Herzen heraus gesprochenen Worten, meine lieben Freunde, schließe ich diese Vorträge ab und hoffe, daß wir in den eingeschlagenen Geistesbahnen miteinander weiter arbeiten werden.
Fourth Lecture
Humanity constantly needs truths that cannot be fully understood at all times. Absorbing truths is not only important for knowledge; truths as such contain life force. And by permeating ourselves with truth, we permeate our souls with an element of the world, just as we must constantly permeate our bodies with the air we breathe in from outside in order to live. This is why profound truths are expressed in religious documents, but in such a way that people often only recognize their true inner meaning much, much later than they are revealed.
You see, the New Testament has been written, the New Testament lies there, one might say, spread out as a document for humanity; but the entire development of the earth that is yet to come will be necessary in order to understand this New Testament completely. In the future, we will learn much more about the outer world, and we will also learn much about the spiritual world, and everything will contribute to our understanding of the New Testament when we see it in the right light. Understanding comes gradually, but the New Testament is written in a simple form so that it can be absorbed and later understood little by little. For it is not meaningless to immerse ourselves in the truth that lies in the New Testament, even if we do not yet understand this truth in its deepest essence. Later, the truth becomes knowledge, but before that it is already life force, in that it is absorbed, one might say, in a more or less childlike form. And precisely the questions we began to consider yesterday require, if they are to be understood as they are communicated in the New Testament, an ever deeper and deeper insight, a glimpse into the spiritual world and its mysteries.
If we want to continue the reflections we began yesterday, we must today take a brief look at some individual occult mysteries, for they can serve as a guide to understanding the question, the riddle of sin and guilt, and thus shed some light on the relationship between Christ and the human soul from this particular point of view.
Above all, a point of view has often come up in the course of our spiritual scientific work, a point of view that we can put into a question — we have already put it into this question many times: Why did Christ die in a human body? This question basically expresses the mystery of Golgotha: Why did Christ die, why did God die in a human body?
God died because the evolution of the worlds made it necessary for God to enter into human beings on earth, so that a God of the higher worlds could become the leader of the evolution of the earth. To this end, Christ had to become akin to death. Akin to death, my dear friends! I would like this word to be understood deeply, deeply by the souls of human beings.
Death usually only confronts human beings when they see other human beings die, or in other phenomena similar to death that are found in the world, or in the certainty that they themselves must pass through the gate of death when their present incarnation has come to an end. But this is basically only the outer aspect of death. Death exists in a completely different way in the world in which we live, and attention must be drawn to this. Let us start with a very ordinary everyday phenomenon. We breathe in air and breathe it out again. But the air undergoes a change within us. When it is exhaled, this air is death air; as exhaled air, it cannot be breathed again; exhaled air is deadly. I only want to hint at this so that you may understand what is expressed by the occult statement: “As the air enters the human being, it dies.” Truly, that which is alive in the air dies when it enters the human being. With every breath, death enters with the air as the human being breathes. But this is only an appearance. The ray of light that enters our eye must also die, and we would have nothing in the world of light rays if our eye did not oppose the ray of light, just as our lungs oppose the air. And every ray of light that enters our eye dies in our eye, and it is from the death of the light in our eye that we are able to see. Thus, that which is alive in the light dies when it enters our eyes. The ray of light is killed in our eyes. We murder it so that we may have the perceptions of the eye. We are so filled with that which must die within us so that we may have our human earthly consciousness. Physically, we kill the air; we also kill the ray of light that enters us, and thus we kill in many ways.
When we call upon spiritual science for help, we distinguish between earth substance, hydrogen, air substance, and heat substance. We then enter the world of light ether, and we speak of heat ether and light ether. Up to the light ether, we kill what penetrates us; we murder it continuously so that we can have our earthly consciousness. But there is something we cannot kill through our earthly existence. We know that above the light ether there is the so-called chemical ether and then the life ether. These are the two types of ether that we cannot kill. But these two types of ether have no special influence on us. If we were able to kill the chemical ether as well, then the waves of spherical harmony would constantly resound in our physical body, and we would constantly kill these waves of spherical harmony within ourselves with our physical life. And if we could also kill the life ether, we would continually kill the cosmic life that flows to the earth within ourselves. We are given a substitute in earthly sound, but this cannot be compared to what we would hear if the chemical ether were audible to us as physical human beings. For physical sound is a product of the air, and it is not spiritual sound; it is only a substitute for spiritual sound.
When the Luciferic temptation came, the advancing gods were compelled to place human beings in a sphere where death lives downward in their physical bodies from the light ether. But at that time, these advanced gods said—and the words are recorded in the Bible: “Man has acquired the ability to distinguish between good and evil, but he shall not have life. He shall not eat of the tree of life.” (Genesis 3:22) And another word can be added in the sense of occultism; the continuation of this word “Man shall not eat of the tree of life” would mean: “And he shall not hear of the spirit of matter.” Man shall not eat of the tree of life, and man shall not hear of the spirit of matter! These regions are those that have been closed to man. Only through a certain procedure in the ancient mysteries were the initiates, when they were allowed to see Christ outside the body, also given access to the sounds of the music of the spheres and the cosmic life pulsating through the world. This is why the ancient philosophers speak of the music of the spheres.
By drawing attention to this, we point at the same time to those regions from which Christ came to us at the baptism of John in the Jordan. Where did Christ come from? He came from those regions that had been closed to human beings through the temptation of Lucifer, from the region of the music of the spheres, from the region of cosmic life. Human beings had to forget these regions at the beginning of life on earth through the temptation of Lucifer. But Christ entered a human body at the baptism of John in the Jordan, and what permeated this human body was the spiritual element of the music of the spheres, the spiritual element of cosmic life, that which still belonged to the human soul during its first period on earth, but from which the human soul had to be banished through the temptation of Lucifer. In this sense, too, human beings are kindred spirits. With their souls, they actually belong to the region of the music of the spheres and the region of the Word, the living cosmic ether. But they were driven out of it. And it should be given back to them so that they can gradually become permeated again with that from which they were banished. That is why, from the standpoint of spiritual science, the words of the Gospel of John touch us so deeply: In the beginning, when man had not yet succumbed to temptation, there was the Logos. Man belonged to the Logos. The Logos was with God, and man was with the Logos with God. And through the baptism of John in the Jordan, the Logos entered into human development; he became man.
Here we have the connection, the meaningful connection. Let us leave this truth standing for the moment and try to approach the question from another angle.
The whole of life reveals itself to us only from the outside, my dear friends. If it did not show itself only from the outside, human beings would be constantly aware of how they suck the corpse of light into their eyes when they see.
What did Christ have to take upon Himself in order to fulfill Paul's statement, “Not I, but Christ in me”? It had to be possible for Christ to penetrate human nature; but human nature is filled with that which is killed by human nature in earthly existence, from the light ether downwards, which dies in the eye. Human nature is filled with death; only that which lies in the two highest types of ether was taken away from it, so that their death could not also fill human nature. But in order for Christ to dwell in us, he had to become akin to death, akin to all that is spread out in the world, from light down to the depths of materiality. Christ had to be able to enter into that which we carry within us as the corpse of light, the corpse of warmth, the corpse of air, and so on. Only by becoming akin to death could he become akin to human beings. And we must feel in our souls that God had to die so that he could fulfill us, who have conquered death through the Luciferic temptation, and so that we can say: Christ is in us.
But there is much more hidden behind the sensory existence of human beings. Human beings look at the plant world; they see how the light of the sun conjures the plants out of the earth. Science teaches us that light is necessary for the growth of plants. Yes, my dear friends, but that is only half the truth. Those who look at plants with clairvoyant vision see living spirit elements rising from the plants. For light sinks into the plants and rises again as a living spirit element. Light rises into the plants in order to transform itself within them, to be reborn in them as a living spirit element. The chemical ether, which humans cannot perceive, enters the animals; it would sound spiritually if humans could perceive it. And the animals transform this ether into water spirits. The plants transform the light into air spirits, the animals transform the spirit that works in the chemical ether into water spirits. But human beings transform that which lies in the cosmic ether, in the life ether, that which enables them to live at all, and which has been prevented from killing them, into earth spirits. Yes, they transform it into earth spirits.
I once spoke about the human phantom during a series of lectures in Karlsruhe. This is not the time to draw parallels between what is to be said here and what was said there about the human phantom, but there is such a parallel. You may find it yourselves if you consider what has been said today in relation to what was said there. Today I must present the matter from a different angle.
Something spiritual is constantly being generated within human beings. That which lives as life within human beings is, as it were, constantly going out into the world. Human beings spread an aura around themselves, a radiant aura, through which they constantly enrich the earth spirit element of the earth. But this earthly element of the earth contains everything that human beings send out into the earth, everything that human beings carry within themselves in terms of moral and other qualities acquired in life. It is true, absolutely true: to the clairvoyant eye, it is evident how human beings continuously send their moral, intellectual, and aesthetic aura out into the world, and how this aura lives on as earth spirit in the earth's spirit. Throughout our entire earthly life, we draw behind us, like a comet draws its tail through space, that which we exude, as it were, in our spiritual aura, which comes together during our life, phantom-like, but at the same time radiates our moral and intellectual soul assets out into the world.
Life is complicated, and this too is a manifestation of life.
If we go back in occult contemplation to the mystery of Golgotha, we find that people at that time simply sent this phantom-like being, which contained their moral qualities, out into the outer world, into the outer spiritual aura of the earth. But humanity developed in the course of its existence on earth, and at a certain stage of this development, precisely in relation to this phantom-like being that human beings radiate, the time came when the mystery of Golgotha took place in the earth's evolution. One might say that in the past, the phantom-like being that human beings radiated was much more fleeting. It became denser, more formative in the time when the mystery of Golgotha came upon the earth. And human beings mixed into this phantom-like being, as a fundamental characteristic, that which they take into themselves at death, by killing the ray of light that enters the eye, and so on, as I have explained. These earth spirit-like beings that humans radiate from themselves are, in a sense, stillborn children of the spirit, because humans give them their death.
And let us imagine that Christ had not come to Earth. Then, during the time their souls spent in their earthly bodies, humans would continually radiate beings imprinted with death. And connected with this death would be the moral qualities of human beings that we spoke about yesterday: objective guilt and objective sin would be there, they would lie there. Let us assume that Christ had not come — what would have happened in the evolution of the earth? From the time when the mystery of Golgotha would otherwise have taken place, human beings would have created dense forms in the spirit, into which they would have instilled death. And these dense forms would have become what would have had to pass over with the Earth after Jupiter. Human beings would have brought death to the Earth. A dead Earth would have given birth to a dead Jupiter!
For this is how it would have had to be, because if the mystery of Golgotha had not come, human beings would have lacked the possibility of permeating what radiates from them with what lies in the music of the spheres and with what lies in cosmic life. These would not have been there, would not have flowed into what human beings radiate from themselves. But Christ brought these with the mystery of Golgotha. And when we take Christ into ourselves, the “not I, but Christ in me” is fulfilled, and as we develop relationships with Christ within ourselves, that which radiates from us, which would otherwise be dead, is enlivened. Because we carry death within us, the living Christ must permeate us so that He can enliven what we leave behind as spiritual beings on earth. The living Logos, the Christ, penetrates into that which detaches itself from us as objective sin, as objective guilt, which we do not carry forward in karma, and enlivens it, and by enlivening it, a living Earth will develop into a living Jupiter. This is the consequence of the mystery of Golgotha.
But when our soul considers this, it can receive Christ in the following way. It can say to itself: Yes, there was once a time when human beings were in the bosom of the divine Logos. But human beings had to succumb to the temptation of Lucifer. They took death into themselves. In doing so, they took the seed that a dead Earth would have given birth to a dead Jupiter. What remained was what the human soul should have received before the temptation for its earthly existence. With Christ, it has returned to human earthly existence.
And when human beings now take Christ into themselves so that they feel permeated by this Christ, they can say to themselves: That which the gods assigned to me before the Luciferic temptation, but which had to remain behind in the cosmic universe because of the Luciferic temptation, enters my soul with Christ. The soul only becomes complete again by taking Christ into itself. Only then am I wholly soul, only then am I once again what I was destined to be from the beginning of the earth through the divine decree. “Am I truly a soul without Christ?” one asks. One feels that it is only through Christ that one becomes the soul one was meant to be according to the decree of the guiding gods. This is the wonderful feeling of home that souls can have with this Christ. For the cosmic Christ has descended from the ancient cosmic home of the soul in order to give back to the human soul what it had to lose on earth through the Luciferic temptation. Christ leads the soul back up to its ancient home, which has been assigned to it by the gods.
This is the joyful, blissful aspect of the real experience of Christ in the human soul. This is what had such a joyful effect on certain Christian mystics of the Middle Ages, for example. They may have written many things that were in themselves too sensual in their imagination, but there was a spiritual basis for them. Such Christian mystics, who followed Bernard of Clairvaux and others, perceived the human soul as a bride who had lost her bridegroom at the beginning of earthly life; and when Christ entered their souls, living through them, and spiritualizing them, they felt Christ as the soul's bridegroom, who united himself with the soul they had once lost in the ancient home of the soul, which it had left in order to follow Lucifer on the path of freedom, the path of discerning good from evil.
When the human soul truly lives into Christ, when it feels Christ as the living being who flowed out from death on Golgotha into the spiritual atmosphere of the earth and who can flow into the soul, then it indeed feels itself inwardly enlivened by this Christ. It feels a transition from death to life!
Because we have to complete our earthly life in human bodies until our distant earthly time, we cannot hear the music of the spheres directly, nor can we experience cosmic life directly within ourselves, but we can experience what flows out from Christ and thus have, vicariously, what would otherwise come to us from the music of the spheres and cosmic life.
The ancient Pythagoras spoke of the music of the spheres. Why did he speak of this, my dear friends? Well, he was an initiate of the ancient mysteries. He went through the process by which the soul leaves the body. When the soul had left the body, he could be transported into the spiritual worlds; there he saw Christ, who was only to come to earth later. Thus, after the Mystery of Golgotha, human beings cannot speak of the music of the spheres as Pythagoras did, but even if they do not live outside the body with their soul, they can speak of the music of the spheres in a different way. As an initiate, he could speak like Pythagoras even today; but the ordinary earthly human being in his physical body can only speak of the music of the spheres and of cosmic life if he experiences in his soul the “not I, but Christ in me,” for that is what lived in the music of the spheres, that is what lived in cosmic life. But we really must go through this process within ourselves; we really must take Christ into our souls.
Let us suppose that a person would resist taking Christ into his soul, that he would not want to take Christ into his soul. Then he would arrive at the end of his earthly life, and at the end of his earthly life, in what has emerged from the Earth spirits that arose in the course of human evolution, in that spiritual nebula that will then have formed from the Earth, he would have all these phantom-like beings that emerged from him in previous incarnations. They would all be there. What would be there would be a dead Earth, passing over to Jupiter in death. A human being could have completely carried out his karma, redeemed it, that is, he could have subjectively compensated for all the imperfections he had committed at the end of the Earth's time; he could have become perfect in his soul, in his ego, but objectively, guilt and sin would remain in what is left behind. This is absolutely true, for we do not live only for ourselves; we do not live in order to make ourselves more perfect through the balancing of our karma; we live for the world, and at the end of time, the remnants of our earthly incarnations will stand there like a mighty tableau if we have not taken the living Christ into ourselves. For if we connect what we said yesterday with what has been said today—which is basically the same thing, seen from two sides—we see how Christ takes upon himself the guilt and sin of humanity on earth, insofar as they are objective debts and sins. And when we have grasped inwardly this “not I, but Christ in me, Christ in us,” then he takes over what draws out of us, and our remnants stand there enlivened by Christ, lived through and radiated by Christ. Yes, our incarnations stand there, that is, the remnants of these incarnations as described. And what do they all give together?
Through the fact that Christ unites them all, Christ who belongs to all humanity in the present and in the future, all these remnants of the individual incarnations press themselves into one another. Every human soul lives in successive incarnations. Let us take one incarnation: certain remnants remain, we have described them. Let us take the next incarnation: certain remnants remain, we have described them; further incarnations: certain remnants remain, and so on until the end of the Earth's time. The individual incarnations leave their remnants behind until the end of the Earth's time. If these remnants are permeated by Christ, they press and squeeze together. But as the thin substance presses together, it becomes dense — even the spiritual becomes dense — and all our earthly incarnations are united into a spiritual body. This belongs to us; we need it as we evolve toward Jupiter, for it is the starting point of our embodiment on Jupiter. We will stand there with our soul at the end of the Earth period — whatever its karma may be — we will stand before our earthly remains gathered by Christ and will have to unite with them in order to pass over to Jupiter together with them.
We will rise again in the body condensed from the individual incarnations. Truly, my dear friends, with a deeply moved heart I say this here: We will rise again in the body!
Sixteen-year-olds and even younger people today are beginning to demand their own creed and talk about how they are “happy to be rid of such nonsense as the resurrection of the body.” But those who delve deeply into the occult mysteries of the world gradually rise to an understanding of what has been said to human beings; because, as I explained at the beginning of this lecture, it had to be said to them first so that they could grasp it as a truth of life and then understand it afterwards. The resurrection of the bodies is a reality, but our soul must feel that it wants to rise again in relation to the earthly remains gathered by Christ, in relation to the spiritual body that is permeated by Christ. Our soul must learn to understand this. For suppose we could not approach this earthly body with its guilt and sin and unite ourselves with it because we had not taken the living Christ into ourselves. If we had rejected Christ, at the end of the earth's time our individual incarnation remnants would stand scattered; they would have remained, they would not have been gathered by Christ, who permeates the whole of humanity with spirit. We would stand as souls at the end of the earth's time, bound to the earth, bound to what remains dead in our remnants. Our souls would indeed be egoistically liberated in spirit, but we would not be able to approach our physical remains. Such souls, my dear friends, are Lucifer's prey, for he strives to thwart the actual goal of life on earth; he strives to prevent souls from reaching their goal on earth and to keep them back in the spiritual world. And Lucifer will send over to the Jupiter epoch what remains of scattered earthly remains, as a dead inclusion of Jupiter, which will then be within Jupiter as the moon, which does not separate from Jupiter, and will always drive these earthly remains upward. And these earthly remains will have to be enlivened by the souls above as generic souls on Jupiter.
And now remember what I said years ago: that the human race on Jupiter will split into those whose souls have reached their earthly goal, who will have reached the goal of Jupiter, and those souls who will form a middle realm between the human realm of Jupiter and the animal realm of Jupiter. These will be souls that are Luciferic, that is, purely spiritual; they will have their bodies below, and these bodies will be a clear expression of their entire inner soul life, but they will only be able to control them from outside. Two races, the good and the evil, will be distinguished from each other on Jupiter. This was already explained years ago; today we want to consider it more deeply.
The Jupiter existence will be followed by a Venus existence, and a balance will be created again through the further evolution of Christ, but it is precisely on Jupiter that human beings are to realize what it means to want to become perfect only in their own ego and not to make the whole Earth their business! Human beings will experience this throughout the entire Jupiter cycle, when everything they have not Christified during their earthly existence will then appear before their spiritual eyes.
Let us take all this together, my dear friends, and from this point of view remember the words of Christ with which he sent his disciples out into the world to proclaim his name and forgive sins in his name. (John 20:23) Why forgive sins in his name? Because this forgiveness of sins is connected with his name; because sin can only be atoned for and transformed into living life if Christ can be connected with our earthly remains, if we have first carried him within us during our earthly existence in the sense of Paul's words: “Not I, but Christ in me.”
And if somewhere a religious confession in its outward actions ties in with this word of Christ in order to make souls aware again and again of what is connected with Christ, then we must also seek this deeper meaning in it. When in any religious confession, as if on behalf of Christ, one of his servants speaks of forgiveness of sins, this means nothing other than: he who, with his words of forgiveness of sins, connects to the forgiveness of sins through Christ, indicates to the soul that wants to be comforted: Yes, I have seen that you have developed a living relationship with Christ; you unite with what is objective sin and guilt and should be drawn into your earthly remains as objective sin and guilt, that which Christ is to you. Because I have recognized that you have permeated yourself with Christ, I may say: “Your sins are forgiven you.”
It is always implicit that whoever speaks of forgiveness of sins in any religious confession has convinced himself that the person concerned is committed to his Christ, that he wants to carry his Christ in his heart and soul. That is why he can comfort him when the other person approaches him with a guilty conscience: Christ will forgive you, and I can tell you that your sins are forgiven in his name.
Thus, it is a beautiful connection to the only forgiver of sins—because he is the bearer of sins, because he is the being who enlivens the earthly remnants of humanity—when those who want to serve him can comfort those souls whom they can convince that they feel connected to Christ within themselves with the words: “Your sins are forgiven.” For it is, as it were, a new affirmation of the soul's relationship to Christ when this soul hears: I have understood my debts, my sins, in such a way that I can be told that Christ takes them upon himself, that he works through them with his being. If the words of forgiveness of sins are to be true, there is always an underlying implication that the sinner, the guilty one, even if he does not renew his covenant with Christ, is at least reminded of his covenant. For such an intimate covenant must be made between the soul and Christ that the soul cannot renew its awareness of this covenant often enough. And because Christ is connected in the manner described with the objective guilt and objective sin of the human soul, the soul can best bring its relationship to Christ to consciousness in everyday life by remembering again and again, precisely at the moment of forgiveness of sins, the existence of the cosmic Christ in earthly existence.
Those who acquire spiritual science in the true spirit—not merely in an external sense, but in the true spirit—will certainly also be able to become their own confessors. Through spiritual science, they will certainly come to know Christ more and more intimately, feel so closely connected with him that they will directly sense his spiritual presence. And by recommitting themselves to him as the cosmic principle, they will be able to confess to him in spirit and obtain forgiveness of their sins in their silent meditation. But as long as people have not yet penetrated spiritual science in this deep spiritual sense, it must be pointed out with understanding to what is, as it were, an outward sign of forgiveness of sins in the various religions of the world. Human beings are indeed becoming spiritually freer and freer, and as they become spiritually freer and freer, their relationship with Christ will also become ever more direct.
And tolerance must be practised!
Just as those who believe that they have grasped the spirit of the mystery of Golgotha, the Christ, so deeply within themselves that they can, one might say, converse directly with this Christ, must look with understanding upon those who need the positive statutes of a creed who need the servant of Christ who gives them comfort again and again with the words, “Your sins are forgiven,” so should those who see that there are people who are already coming to terms with themselves be tolerant. — This may all be an ideal in earthly existence, but at least the anthroposophist may look up to such an ideal.
My dear friends, I have spoken to you about spiritual mysteries that are being revealed and that allow people, even those who have already absorbed much of anthroposophy, to look even deeper into the whole essence of our being. I have spoken to you about overcoming human egoism, about those things whose understanding also gives us a true understanding of karma. I have spoken to you about human beings insofar as they are not merely ego beings, but belong to the whole of earthly existence and are called upon to help bring about the divine goal of the earth. Christ did not come into the world and go through the mystery of Golgotha merely so that he could be something for each of us in our egoism. It would be terrible to think that Christ could be understood in such a way that Paul's words, “Not I, but Christ in me,” would promote only a higher egoism. Christ died for all humanity, for the human race on earth! Christ has become the central spirit of the earth, who has to save for the earth everything earthly that flows out of human beings.
Today one can read works by theologians — and those who have read these works will be able to confirm what I am now saying — who say, for example: Yes, certain theologians of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have finally eradicated the medieval popular belief that Christ appeared in the world to wrest the earth from the devil, to wrest the earth from Lucifer. There is also an enlightened materialism within theology today, which simply does not want to openly and freely admit itself as such and pretends to be particularly enlightened. Yes, they say, in those dark Middle Ages, people spoke of Christ appearing in the world because he was supposed to wrest the earth from the devil. True enlightenment leads us back to this simple, uncomplicated popular belief! For everything on earth that is not liberated by Christ belongs to Lucifer. And everything human that is more in us than what is merely decided in our ego is ennobled, made fruitful for all humanity, when it is permeated by Christ. And as I stand before you at the end of these days of reflection, my dear friends, I would not want to fail to address these words to each and every soul of those who have been united here during these days:
Hope for the future and confidence in the future of our cause can dwell in our hearts because we have endeavored, from the beginning of our work, to imbue what we have to say with the will of Christ. And hope and confidence give us the right to say: Ultimately, our teaching itself is what Christ wanted to tell us, fulfilling His word: “I am with you always, even unto the end of the world” (Matthew 28:20). We have only wanted to listen to what comes from Him. And what He has inspired us to do according to His promise, we want to take into our souls as our spiritual science. It is not because we feel our spiritual science is permeated by anything Christian-dogmatic that we regard it as Christian, but because, being permeated by Christ within ourselves, we regard it as a revelation of Christ in ourselves. That is why I am also convinced that what is sprouting as genuine, true spiritual science in the souls who want to take up our Christ-pervaded spiritual science together with us will bear fruit for the whole of humanity and, in particular, for those who are to receive these fruits.
Much of what is good, spiritually good, in our spiritual scientific movement, when viewed clairvoyantly, shows itself to originate from those who have taken up our Christ-pervaded spiritual science with us and who, after passing through the gate of death, send down to us the fruits of this Christ-pervaded spiritual science. What those who have taken up Christ-centered spiritual science send down to us from the spiritual worlds already lives within us. For they do not keep it for their own perfection, in their own karmic stream; they can let it flow into souls that are willing to receive it. Comfort and hope for our spiritual science blossom for us from the knowledge that our so-called dead are also working with us.
In a certain context, such things were already spoken of here the day before yesterday. But today, as I stand at the end of these reflections, my dear friends, I may, I would like to say, personally, also say one word to your souls:
As I spoke to this branch of our society here in Norrköping, I could not help but feel the good spirit of those who were so closely connected with what we call our Norrköping branch. Like a good angel of this branch, the spirit of Mrs. Danielson watches over everything that this branch intends to do. And it was also a Christian spirit in the sense I have described. The souls who recognize it will never feel separated from it. May it continue to watch over this branch as a guardian spirit. It will gladly do so; it will certainly want to do so if the souls who work in this branch accept it.
With these words spoken from the bottom of my heart, my dear friends, I conclude these lectures and hope that we will continue to work together in the spiritual paths we have chosen.