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Psychoanalysis in the Light of Anthroposophy
GA 143

25 February 1912, Munich

III. Reflections in the Mirror of Consciousness, Superconsciousness and Subconsciousness

Today and the day after tomorrow I propose to discuss a few of the more important facts relating to consciousness and to karmic connections.

If you cast even a superficial glance at that which exists in your soul from awaking in the morning to falling asleep at night—in the form of ideas, moods, impulses of will, adding of course all the impressions that approach the soul from without—then you have everything that may be called the objects of ordinary consciousness.

It must be clear to us that all these details of our conscious activity are dependent, under ordinary conditions, upon the instrumentality of the physical body. The immediate, irrefutable proof of this is that one must awake in order to live within these facts of the usual consciousness. For us this means that the human being must submerge himself in the physical body with what is outside it during sleep, and his physical body must be at his disposal with its instruments. He must be able to make use of them if the activities of the ordinary consciousness are to go on.

The following question then arises: In what way does the human being, as a soul and spiritual entity, make use of his physical instruments, his organs of sense, his nervous system? In what way does he use his bodily organs in order to exist in his ordinary consciousness? In the outer, materialistic world there is, first of all, the belief that the human being possesses in his physical instruments that which produces the facts present to consciousness. It has been frequently pointed out that this is not the case; that it is no more sensible for us to imagine that our inner corporeality, our sense organs or brain, bring forth the details of consciousness than to imagine that a candle creates the flame. The relation of what we call consciousness to the bodily mechanism is quite otherwise. We might compare it with the relation of a man to the mirror in which he sees himself. When we sleep our state of consciousness is comparable, let us say, to walking straight ahead in a certain space. If we do this we do not see ourselves, how our nose or forehead looks, and so forth. Only when someone steps forward with a mirror and holds it before us do we behold ourselves. But then we are confronted by what has always belonged to us. It is then there for us. It is the same with the facts of our ordinary consciousness. They exist continually within us, and have, as they exist there, nothing whatsoever to do with the physical body—as little as we ourselves have to do with the mirror mentioned above. The materialistic theory in this field is simply nonsense; it is not even a possible hypothesis. For the materialist in this field affirms nothing less than would be asserted were someone to declare that because he sees himself in a mirror the mirror created him.

If you wish to give yourself up to the illusion that the mirror creates you because you see yourself only when it is held before you, then you may also believe that parts of the brain or the sense organs produce the content of your soul-life. Both statements are equally intelligent and true. That the mirror creates the human being is just as true as that the brain produces thoughts. The facts of our consciousness persist. It is necessary for our ordinary organization that we be able to perceive these existing details of consciousness. To this end we must encounter that which reflects them—our physical body. We have thus in our physical body what we may call the reflecting apparatus for the facts of our ordinary consciousness. These facts exist in our soul and spiritual entity. We cannot perceive them psychically any more than we can perceive ourselves without a mirror. We become aware of that which lives within us and is a part of us by having held before us the mirror of our bodily nature. That is the actual state of things, except that one has not to do with a passive reflector in the case of the body, but with something that contains processes of its own. Thus it may be imagined that instead of the mirror which is silvered to produce reflection, the physical body has behind it all sorts of processes. The comparison suffices to show the relation of our spirit and soul being to the body. We will hold before our minds the fact that for all we experience in normal, everyday consciousness, the physical body is an adequate reflector. Behind or, let us say, below all the details of this usual consciousness lie the things that rise up into our ordinary soul-life, and which we must designate as facts within the hidden depths of the soul.

Some of that which exists in the hidden depths of the soul is experienced by the poet or the artist who knows—if he is a genuine poet or artist—that he does not conceive his works by means of logic or outer observation. He knows instead that they emerge from unknown depths, and are there, really there without having been gathered together by the forces of ordinary consciousness. But from these hidden depths of soul-life other things also emerge which, although in everyday life we are unaware of their origin, play a part in our everyday consciousness.

We saw yesterday that we can go down deeper, into the realm of half-consciousness, the realm of dreams, and we know that dreams lift something up out of the depths of soul-life which we cannot lift up by straining the memory in the simple usual way. When something long buried in memory stands before a human soul in a dream picture—which happens again and again—the individual in most cases could never, through recollection alone, lift these things up from the hidden depths of soul-life because the ordinary consciousness does not extend so far down. But that which is inaccessible to this surface consciousness is quite within reach of the subconsciousness, and in the half conscious dream state much that has remained or been preserved, so to say, is brought up or rises up.

Only those things strike upwards that have failed to produce their effects in the way usual to that emanation of human experience which sinks into the hidden depths of the soul. We become healthy or ill, moody or gay, not due directly to our ordinary course of life, but because a bodily condition results from that which has sunk down from our life experience. It is no longer remembered, but there below in our soul this sunken something works, and makes us what we become in the course of our lives. Many a life would be quite comprehensible to us, if we but knew what hidden elements had descended throughout its course into these subconscious depths. We should be able to understand many a man in his thirties, forties, or fifties, should know why he has this or that tendency, why he feels so deeply dissatisfied in certain connections without being able to say what causes this discomfort. We should understand a great deal if we were to follow the life of such a man back into childhood. We should be able then to see how in his early years his parents and environment had affected him, what was called forth of sorrow and joy, of pleasure or pain, perhaps entirely forgotten, but acting upon his general condition. For that which rolls down, and surges out of our consciousness into the hidden depths of soul life continues its operation there. It is a curious fact that the force, acting in this way, works primarily upon ourselves, does not leave, so to speak, the sphere of our personality. Therefore when the clairvoyant consciousness descends, (and this happens through what is called imaginative cognition), when the clairvoyant consciousness descends to the realm where, in the subconsciousness, things rule which have just been described, the seeker always finds himself. He finds that which exists and surges within him. And that is good; for in true self-knowledge the human being must learn to know himself in order that he may observe and become acquainted with all the driving forces that work within him.

If he gives no heed to these facts; if when he gains clairvoyant consciousness through exercises in imaginative cognition, and forces his way down into the subconscious—if he does not recognize that in everything working within him he finds only himself—then he is exposed to manifold errors. For he cannot become aware of this in any way comparable to the ordinary activities of consciousness. There arises for the human searcher the possibility, at one step or another, of having visions, of seeing shapes which are quite new and do not resemble those with which he has become acquainted in average experience. This may happen, but to believe that such things are part of the outer world would be a serious mistake. These phenomena of the inner life do not present themselves as in the ordinary consciousness. If one has a headache it is a fact of the ordinary consciousness. One knows it to be located in one's own head. If anyone has a stomachache he is aware of it within himself. If we descend into what we call the hidden depths of the soul, we remain absolutely within ourselves, and yet what we encounter may present itself objectively, as if it were in the outside world.

Let us consider a striking example: Let us assume that someone has a longing to be the reincarnation of Mary Magdalene. (I have already stated that I have counted during my lifetime twenty-four such Magdalenes!) Let us assume also that this wish is not as yet admitted: we do not need to admit to ourselves our own wishes, that is not necessary. But a woman reads the story of Mary Magdalene, and it pleases her exceedingly. The desire to be Mary Magdalene may arise at once in her subconscious mind while in the surface consciousness nothing is present but the attraction of this character. It pleases the person in question. In the subconsciousness, unknown to its possessor, there is a growing desire to be this Mary Magdalene. This individual goes through the world, and as long as nothing intervenes in her upper consciousness, that is to say, as far as she knows, she is simply pleased with Mary Magdalene. The ardent desire to be Mary Magdalene is in her subconscious mind, but she knows nothing about that, so it does not trouble her. She is guided by the details of the ordinary consciousness, and may go through the world as though she had no such injurious subconscious desire. But let us assume that, as a result of employing this or that occult method of reaching the subconscious, this woman succeeds in descending into herself. She might not become aware of a desire to be Mary Magdalene as she would of a headache. If she did her attitude towards her desire would be the same as towards a pain: she would just try to get rid of it. But in the case of an irregular penetration this desire presents itself as something outside the personality. The vision pretends to say: Thou art Mary Magdalene! It stands before her, projecting itself as a fact, and a human being, as evolution is today, is unable to control such a condition with the ego. With good, correct, and careful schooling this cannot happen, for then the ego goes along into every sphere; but as soon as something enters the consciousness without the accompanying presence of the ego it is produced as an objective fact. This observer believes that she recalls events surrounding Mary Magdalene, and identifies herself with her.

This is a real possibility. I emphasize this today in order that you may gather from it the fact that only careful schooling, and caution in regard to your entrance into the domain of occultism can save you from falling into error. It is to be understood that you must first see a whole world before you, must note objects around you, excluding however that which you relate to yourself, or which is within you, even though it appears as a world tableau—if you know that it is well to regard what you first see only as the projection of your own inner life, then you have a good corrective for the errors along the way. This is the best of all: regard, as a general rule, everything as phenomena emanating from yourself. Most of them arise out of our wishes, vanities, from our ambitions, in short, from characteristics relating to the egotism of humanity. These things project themselves, for the most part, outward, and you may now raise the question: How can we avoid these errors? How can we save ourselves from them?

We cannot save ourselves from these errors by the ordinary facts of consciousness. The deception arises from the fact that, although the human being is confronted in reality by a world-tableau, he cannot escape from himself, is all entangled in himself. From this you may see that it depends upon our coming, in one way or another, out of ourselves that we learn to differentiate: here you have a vision and there another. The visions are both outside ourselves; one is perhaps only the projection of a desire, the other is a fact, but they do not differ as radically as in ordinary life when someone else says he has a headache, and you have it yourself. Our own inner life is projected into space, just as the inner life of another person. How shall we learn to distinguish the one from the other?

We must undertake research within the occult field, and learn to distinguish true from false impressions, although they appear confused and all make the same claim to authenticity, as though we looked into the physical world and saw besides ordinary trees, imaginary ones. The real objective facts and those which arise from our own inner life are mixed together. How are we to learn to separate two realms which are so intermingled?

We do not learn this primarily through our consciousness. If we remain entirely within the confines of our mental life there is then no possibility of differentiation. This possibility lies only in the slow occult training of the soul. As we go on further and further we acquire real discrimination. This means that we learn to do in the occult realm what we would have to do in the physical world if trees born of phantasy and genuine trees stood side by side. If we run against phantasy-trees they let us pass through without resistance, but if we encounter real trees we bruise ourselves against them. Something similar, although of course only as a spiritual fact, must confront us in the occult field.

We can, if we go about it properly, learn in a comparatively simple way to distinguish between the true and false within this field, not however through ideas, but by resolution of will. This resolution may be brought about in the following way: If we look over our life we find in it two distinctly different groups of occurrences. We often find that this or that in which we succeed or fail is related to our abilities. That is to say, we find it comprehensible that in a certain field we do not succeed very well because in it we are not particularly bright. Where we assume on the contrary that we have ability, we find success quite natural.

Perhaps we need not always discern so distinctly the connection between what we carry out and our abilities. There is also a less definite way to realize this connection. If, for example, anyone in his later years is pursued by this or that blow of fate and, thinking back says to himself: “As a man I did little to make myself energetic”—or must say to himself: “I was always a careless fellow”—he may also say: “Well, the connection between my lack of success and my other omissions is not immediately apparent, but I do see that things cannot really succeed for a careless, lazy person to the same degree they are possible for one who is conscientious and industrious.” In short, there are successes and failures which we can comprehend and find natural, but there are others which happen in such a way that we cannot discover any connection, so that we say to ourselves: “Although in accordance with certain abilities this or that should have succeeded, it nevertheless did not succeed.” Thus there is distinctly a type of success or failure whose connection with our capacities we cannot see.

That is one thing. The other is that in regard to some things in the outside world which strike us as blows of fate, we can sometimes say: “Well yes, that appears to be just, for we furnished all the predisposing conditions;” but some other things that happen we cannot discover that we are in any position to explain. We have thus two types of experience; those whose relation to ourselves and our capacities we realize, and the other type just characterized, for which we cannot see that we are responsible. Our external experiences fall likewise into two classes: those of which we cannot say that we have produced the determining conditions, in contrast to others which we know we have brought about.

Now we may look around a little in our lives. That is a useful experiment for everyone. We could gather together all the things whose causes we cannot see, whose success led us to say “a blind chicken has found a kernel of corn”—things whose success we cannot attribute to ourselves. But we can remember and collect also failures in the same way, and those seemingly accidental outer events for which we know of no modifying influence. And now we make the following soul experiment: We imagine that we constructed for ourselves an artificial human being who, through his own abilities, brought about all our successes whose cause we do not understand. If something succeeded for us requiring wisdom just where we ourselves are stupid, then we conceive a person who is particularly clever in this field, and for whom the enterprise simply had to succeed. Or for an outer event we proceed in this way: let us say a brick falls on our head. We can see no reason, but we conceive someone who brought it about by running up to the roof and loosening the brick, so that he needed only to wait a little for it to fall. He runs down quickly, and the brick strikes him. We do this with certain events which we know have not been brought about by us in any ordinary way, and which happen very much against our will. Let us assume that at some time in our life we were struck by someone. In order that we may not find this too difficult we may place this event back in our childhood; we can pretend that then we contrived to be beaten by someone, that is, we had done everything to bring it about. In short, we construct for ourselves a human being who brings down upon himself everything for which we cannot account. You see, if progress in occultism is desired many things must be done which run contrary to ordinary events. If you do only what generally seems reasonable you get no further in occultism, for that which relates to higher worlds may seem to ordinary people quite foolish. It does no harm if the method does seem foolish to the prosaic outer man.

Well, we construct for ourselves this human being. At first it seems to us a merely grotesque performance, something the object of which we perhaps do not understand; but we shall make a discovery about ourselves, in fact everyone will who tries it, namely the astonishing discovery that he no longer wishes to detach himself from this being which he has himself built up, that it is beginning to interest him. If you try it you will see for yourself: you cannot get away from this artificial human being; it lives within you. And in a peculiar way: it not only lives within you but it transforms itself and radically. It changes so that at last it becomes something quite different from what it was originally. It becomes something of which we are forced to say “it really does exist within us.”

This is an experience which is possible to everyone. We admit that what has just been described—which is not the original self-created being of phantasy, but that which this has become—is a part of what is within us. Now this is just what has, so to speak, brought about the apparently causeless things during our lives. We find within ourselves the real cause of what is otherwise incomprehensible. That which I have described to you is, in other words, the way not only to peer into your own soul-life and find something, but it is the way out from the soul-life into the environment. For what we fail to bring off does not remain with us, but belongs to our environment. So we have taken something out of our environment which does not harmonize with the facts of our consciousness, but presents itself as if it were within us. Then we gain the feeling that we really have something to do with what seems so causeless in real life. A person acquires in this way a feeling of his connection with his destiny, with what is called Karma. Through this soul experiment a real way is opened to experience within himself, in a certain manner, his own Karma.

You may say: “Yes, but I do not understand exactly what you have said.” If you say that you do not fail to understand what you imagine, but you lack understanding for something which even a child can grasp, but about which you simply have not thought. It is impossible for anyone who has not carried out the experiment to understand these things. Only he who has done this can understand. These things are to be taken only as the description of an experiment that can be made and experienced by anyone. Each one comes to the realization that something lives within him which is connected with his Karma. If anyone knew this beforehand no rule would need be given him for the attainment of this knowledge.

It is quite in order that no one grasps this who has not yet made the experiment; it is not however a question of understanding in the ordinary sense, but an acceptance of information regarding something that our soul may undertake. If our soul follows such paths it accustoms itself not to live within itself only, in its own wishes and desires, but to relate itself to outer happenings, to consider them. Exactly the things which we ourselves have not desired, we have built into that which is here considered. And when we have come to face our Destiny so that we can calmly take it upon us, and think in regard to what we usually murmur and rebel against: “We accept it willingly, for we ourselves have decreed it,” then there arises a state of mind and heart in which, when we force our way down into the hidden depths of soul, we can distinguish with absolute certainty the true from the false. For then is shown with a wonderful clarity and assurance what is true and what false.

If you behold any sort of vision with the mental eye, and can as it were by a mere look, banish it, drive it away, simply by the use of all the inner forces with which you have become acquainted—then it is just a phantasm. But if you cannot get rid of it in this fashion, if you can banish at most that which reminds you of the outer world; if the really visionary quality, the spiritual thing remains like a solid fact—then it is true. But you cannot make this distinction until you have done what has been described. Therefore without the above-mentioned training there can be no certainty in the differentiation between the true and false upon the super-sensible plane. The essential thing in this soul experiment is that we always remain in full possession of our ordinary consciousness in regard to what we desire, and that by means of this experiment we accustom ourselves to look upon what we in our ordinary consciousness do not at all want, and is repugnant to us, as something willed into existence by us. One may in a certain sense have reached a definite degree of inner development; but unless, through such a soul experiment, we have learned to contrast all the wishes, desires, sympathy and antipathy which live in the soul with our relation to what we have not wished, then we shall make mistake after mistake.

The greatest mistake in the Theosophical Society was first made by H. P. Blavatsky; for although she fixed her spiritual attention upon the realm where Christ may be found, in the contents of her upper consciousness, in her wishes and desires, there was a constant antipathy, even a passion against everything Christian or Hebrew, and a preference for all other spiritual cultures on earth, and because she had never gone through what has been described today she conceived of the Christ in an entirely false way. That was quite natural. It passed over to her nearest students, and has been dragged along, although grotesquely coarsened, to the present day. These things extend to the highest spheres. One may see many things upon the occult plane, but the power of discrimination is something different from mere sight, mere perception. This must be sharply stressed.

Now the problem is this: When we sink down into our hidden soul-depths (and every clairvoyant must do this,) we first come into what is fundamentally ourselves. And we must learn to know ourselves by really making the transition, by having a world before us, of which Lucifer and Ahriman always promise to give us the kingdoms. This means that our own inner self appears before us, and the devil says: “This is the objective world.” That is the temptation that even Christ did not escape. The inner illusions of the inner world were presented, only He, through His inherent power, recognized from the very beginning that it is not a real world, but a world that is within. It is through this inner world alone, which we must separate into two parts in order to get rid of one—our own personal part—and have the other remain, that we pass through the hidden depths of our soul-life out into the objective super-sensible world. And just as our spiritual-soul kernel must make use of our physical body as a mirror for outer perception, for the facts of ordinary consciousness, so must the human being make use of his etheric body as a reflecting apparatus for the super-sensible facts which next confront him. The higher sense organs, if we may so describe them, open within the astral body, but what lives in them must be reflected by the etheric body, just as the spiritual and soul activity of which we are aware in ordinary life is reflected by the physical body. We must now learn to manage our ether body, and it is entirely natural since our etheric body is usually unknown to us, although it represents what vitalizes us, that we must become acquainted with it before we can learn to recognize that which enters us from the super-sensible objective world and may be reflected by this ether body.

You now see what we experience when we descend into the hidden depths of our soul life. It is primarily ourselves, and the projection of our wishes is very similar to what we usually call the life in Kamaloca [Region of Burning Desire, or of Cleansing Fire; also Purgatory.] It differs from it only in that when anyone in ordinary life thus pushes forward into imprisonment within himself (which is what it may be called,) he has still his physical body to which he can return. But in Kamaloca the physical body is gone, even part of the etheric body—the part which most immediately reflects for us—but the universal life-ether surrounding us serves as an instrument of reflection, and mirrors everything that is within us. Thus in the Kamaloca period our own inner world is built up about us as an objective world, all our wishes, desires, all that we feel, and to which we are inwardly attuned.

It is important to understand that the primary characteristic of the life in Kamaloca is our imprisonment within ourselves, and this prison is the more securely fastened by the fact that we cannot return to any sort of physical life to which our whole inner activity has been related. Only when we live through this Kamaloca period in such a way as to realize gradually (we do come to this gradually,) that it all may be got rid of by experiencing our-self otherwise than through mere desires and so forth, only then is our Kamaloca prison opened.

How is this meant? In the following way: Let us suppose that someone dies with a definite wish; this wish belongs to that which projects itself outward and is built up around him in some kind of imagery. Now as long as this desire lives within him it is impossible, in regard to it, to open Kamaloca with any sort of key. Only when he realizes that this wish cannot be satisfied except by discarding it, when his attitude towards it becomes the opposite to what it has been, then gradually with the wish everything that imprisons us in Kamaloca will be torn from the soul. Only then do we come into the realm between death and rebirth which has been called the devachanic [Devachan = Heaven.], and which may be entered also through clairvoyance when we have recognized that which belongs to the self alone. In clairvoyance it is reached through a definite degree of development; in Kamaloca through the passage of time, simply because time so torments us through our own desires that at last they are overcome. By this means that which has been dangled before us as if it were the world and its splendor is destroyed.

The world of super-sensible realities is what is usually called Devachan. How does this world of super-sensible facts appear before us? Here upon this earthly globe we can speak of Devachan only because in clairvoyance, when the self has been really conquered, we enter at once into the world of super-sensible facts, which are objectively present, and these facts coincide with those of Devachan.

The most important characteristic of this devachanic world is that in it moral actualities are no longer separable from the physical, that moral and physical laws are one and the same. What does that mean? Well, is it not true that in the ordinary physical world the sun shines upon the just and the unjust? Whoever commits a crime may be put in prison, but the physical sun is not darkened. That is to say: in the physical world there is a realm of moral and physical laws, leading in two very different directions. It is not so in Devachan, not at all; instead of this, everything proceeding from morality, from intelligent wisdom, from the aesthetically beautiful, and so on, leads to growth (is creative,) and that which arises from immorality, intellectual falsity, and aesthetic ugliness leads to withering and destruction. And there the laws of nature are such that the sun does not shine upon the just and the unjust alike but, if we may speak figuratively, it darkens upon the unjust; so that the just, passing through Devachan, have there the spiritual sunshine, that is to say, the influence of the fertilizing forces that bring about their forward progress in life. The spiritual forces draw back from the dishonest or ugly human being. The following is possible there which is impossible here on earth. When two people—just and unjust—walk here side by side, the sun cannot shine upon one and not upon the other; but in the spiritual world the effect of the spiritual forces depends absolutely upon the quality of the individual concerned. That is to say: the laws of nature and the spiritual laws do not follow two separate roads, but one and the same. That is the fundamental, essential truth. In the devachanic world the natural, moral, and intellectual laws act together as one.

As a result the following occurs: If a human being has entered and lives through the devachanic world he has within him what is left over from his last life of justice and injustice, good and evil, aesthetic beauty and ugliness, truth and falsehood. All this residue acts however in such a way that it takes immediate possession of the natural laws. We may compare the law there with the following in the physical world: If anyone in the physical world had stolen or lied and, seeking the sunlight, found that the sun did not shine upon him, could not find it anywhere, and thus through lack of sunshine developed a disease ... or let us rather assume as an example that someone in the physical world who was a liar had difficulty in breathing; that would be an exact parallel with what would be the case in the devachanic world. To the person who has burdened himself with this or that, something happens in his spiritual and soul nature so that the natural law at once and absolutely expresses the spiritual law. Hence, if the further development of this personality is brought about in this way, as he progresses gradually and is more fully permeated by these laws, such characteristics develop in him that he becomes an expression of the qualities which he brought over from his past life. Just let us suppose that someone has been two hundred years in Devachan, and has gone through it, having been in his last life a liar: the spirits of Truth withdraw from him. There dies in him that which in a truthful soul would be invigorated.

Or let us assume that someone with a pronounced quality of vanity which he has not given up goes through Devachan. This vanity in Devachan is an extraordinarily evil-smelling emanation, and certain spiritual beings avoid a personality who gives out the offensive evaporation of ambition or vanity. This is not a figurative statement. In Devachan vanity and ambition are extremely evil exhalations, and lead to the withdrawal of the beneficent influence of certain beings who retreat before this atmosphere. This could be compared to the placing in the cellar of a plant which thrives only in sunlight. A vain person cannot thrive. He will grow up with this characteristic. When he reincarnates he lacks the strength to build in the good influences. Instead of developing certain organs in a healthy way, he forms an unhealthy part in his organism. Thus not only our physical limitations, but our moral and intellectual ones as well show us the kind of human beings we become in life. Only when we emerge from the physical plane do natural and spiritual law go side by side. Between death and a new birth they are a single whole. And in our soul are implanted the natural forces which destroy if they are the result of the immoral deeds of past lives, but which fructify if they are the result of noble ones. This is true not only for our inner constitution, but also for that which falls upon us from without as our Karma.

In Devachan the essential fact is that no difference exists there between natural and spiritual law, and it is the same for the clairvoyant who really penetrates to the super-sensible worlds. These laws of the super-sensible worlds are radically different from those which rule upon the physical plane. It is simply impossible for the clairvoyant to differentiate in the manner of the materialistic mind when someone says: “That is only a law of objective nature.” Behind this objective natural law there exists always in reality a spiritual law. A clairvoyant cannot cross a scorched meadow, for example, or a flooded district, cannot perceive a volcanic eruption without thinking that behind the facts of nature are spiritual forces, hidden spiritual beings. For him a volcanic eruption is at the same time a moral deed, even though its morality may lie in an entirely different, undreamed-of realm. Those who always confuse the physical with the higher worlds will say: “Well, when innocent human beings are destroyed by a volcanic outbreak, how can one assume that it is a moral deed?” We do not need to worry about that. Such a judgment would be as cruelly philistine as the opposite idea: namely, to regard it as a punishment from God upon the people who are settled around the volcano. Both judgments are possible only to the narrow-minded standpoint of the physical world. Such is not the question, which may have to do with much more universal things. Those who live on the slope of a volcano, and whose property is destroyed by it, may be for this life entirely innocent. It will be made up to them later. This does not make us hardhearted and unwilling to help them (that again would be a narrow-minded interpretation of the matter). But in the case of volcanic eruptions the fact is that in the course of the earth evolution certain things happen through human deeds which retard human evolution, and just the good gods must work in a certain way for a balance which is sometimes achieved through such natural phenomena.

This application of the law is to be seen only in occult depths: that compensation is created for what is done by men themselves against the genuine development of humanity. Every event, whether a mere activity of nature or not, is at bottom something moral, and spiritual beings in the higher worlds are the bearers of the moral law behind the physical fact. If you simply conceive a world in which no separation of natural and spiritual laws can be considered, a world in which, with other words, justice rules as a natural law, you have then the devachanic world. Therefore one need not think that in this devachanic world through any sort of arbitrary decision an unworthy action has to be punished, because in that realm the immoral destroys itself as inevitably as fire consumes inflammable material, and morality is self-stimulated, and advances itself.

We thus see that the essential characteristic, the innermost nerve of existence, so to speak, is quite different for the different worlds. We gain no idea of the several worlds if we do not consider these peculiarities which differ so radically upon different levels. We may thus correctly characterize physical world, Kamaloca, and Devachan: in the physical world natural and spiritual law run side by side as two series of facts; in Kamaloca the human being is confined within himself, as if in a prison of his own being; the devachanic world is the complete opposite of the physical; there natural and spiritual law are one and the same. These are the three characteristics, and if you consider them carefully, striving sensitively to realize how very different from our own a world must be in which the moral, intellectual, even the law of beauty are at the same time natural law, then you will gain an acute impression of conditions in the devachanic world.

In our physical world when we meet an ugly or a beautiful face we have no right to treat the ugly person as if he must be psychically revolting, or the beautiful one as if he must necessarily be worthy of high esteem. In Devachan it is quite otherwise. There we meet no ugliness that is not deserved, and it will be impossible for anyone who, because of his preceding incarnation, is obliged in this one to wear an ugly face, but who strives throughout this life to be true and honorable, to meet us in Devachan with any sort of unpleasant appearance. He will have transformed his ugliness into beauty. But it is equally true that he who is untruthful, vain, or ambitious in this life will wander about in Devachan with some hideous form. And something else is also true: In ordinary physical life we do not see that an ugly face continually robs itself, nor that a beautiful one contributes something to itself, but in Devachan it is like that; ugliness is an element of progressive destruction, and we cannot perceive beauty without assuming that it is the result of an equally continuous furtherance and help.

We must feel quite otherwise towards the devachanic or mental world than towards the physical world. And this is necessary: to differentiate in these sensations, to see the essential which matters, in order that you may appropriate not only the description of these things, but that you may take away feelings, sensitivity towards that which is described in spiritual science. If you try to soar upwards to an appreciation of a world in which morality, beauty, and intellectual truth appear with the inevitability of natural law then you have the feeling of the devachanic world; and this is why we must, so to say, collect so much material and work so much, in order that the things which we work out for ourselves may at last be merged into one feeling.

It is impossible for anyone to come easily or lightly to a real knowledge of what must gradually be made clear and comprehensible to the world through spiritual science. There are many different movements that say, “Oh why must so many things be learned in spiritual science? Are we to become pupils again? Feeling is all that matters.” It does matter, but it must be the right feeling, which must first be developed! This is true of everything. It would be pleasanter, would it not, for the painter if he did not have to learn the technique of his art, if he did not have to bring out upon the canvas, at first slowly, the final result, if he needed only to exhale in order to have his finished work before him! In our world today it is a curious fact that the more the realm of the soul is in question, the harder it is for people to realize that nothing is accomplished by mere exhaling! In music it would not be admitted that one could become a composer without learning anything of composition; there it is quite obvious. This is so also with painting, though people admit it less easily, and in poetry they admit it even less, otherwise there would be in our own time fewer poets. For actually no time is as unpoetic as our own though there are so many poets. If it is not necessary to have studied poetry, but only to be able to write (which naturally has nothing to do with poetic art) and of course to spell correctly—we need only to be able to express our thoughts! And for philosophy still less is required. For today, that anyone may judge straight away anything concerning the conceptions of life and the world is regarded as a matter of course, since everyone has his own point of view. One finds again and again that no value is set by such people upon the carefully worked out personal possession of the means and methods of cognition and of research in the world, gained through every resource of inner work. Instead, it seems to them obvious that the standpoint of one who has labored long before venturing to give out even a little about world secrets has no greater value than that of the one who simply takes it upon himself to have a standpoint. Anyone can count nowadays as a man with a world conception.

This, on the contrary, is what really matters, upon which everything depends; that we labor with all our energy in order that what we work out for ourselves we may at last gather together and carry over into feelings, which through their coloring give the highest, the truest knowledge. Struggle through, by working towards a feeling, an impression of a world in which natural and spiritual law coincide. Then if you work seriously—no matter though people believe you to have learned only theoretically, although you have striven hard in working through this or that theory—you will realize that it makes an impression upon the devachanic world. If you have not simply imagined a feeling, but evolved it by years of careful work, then this feeling, these nuances of sensibility, have a strength which will bring you further than they could reach of themselves; for through earnest, eager study, they have become true. Then you are not far from the point where these nuances burst asunder, and there lies before you the reality of Devachan. For if the nuances of feeling are truly worked out they become a power of perception.

Therefore, if work along these lines is undertaken by student groups upon a basis of truth, honesty, and patient practice, outside of all sensation, their meeting places become what they should be: schools to lead men into spheres of clairvoyance. And only those who cannot wait for this, or who will not co-operate, can have an erroneous view of these matters.

Spiegelungen des Bewusstseins Oberwusstsein und Unterbewusstsein

Es wird heute und übermorgen meine Aufgabe sein, einige der wichtigeren Tatsachen des Bewußtseins und auch der karmischen Zusammenhänge zu besprechen.

Im wesentlichen möchte ich gerne an die Auseinandersetzungen anknüpfen, die gestern im öffentlichen Vortrage gegeben worden sind. Es ist ja bei uns einmal so, daß in den öffentlichen Vorträgen für ein größeres Publikum gewisse Dinge anders besprochen werden müssen, als es in den Zweigversammlungen möglich ist, weil die Mitglieder eines Zweiges durch das längere Zusammenarbeiten, durch das längere Sich-Beschäftigen mit den Gegenständen in ganz anderer Weise vorbereitet sind, die Dinge entgegenzunehmen, zu verstehen, als das eben bei einem größeren Publikum der Fall sein kann. Wir haben gestern gesehen, daß wir sprechen können von verborgenen Seiten des menschlichen Seelenlebens, und wir müssen diese verborgenen Seiten des menschlichen Seelenlebens gegenüberstellen den Tatsachen des gewöhnlichen, alltäglichen Bewußtseins.

Wenn Sie einmal nur einen oberflächlichen Blick tun auf dasjenige, was in unserer Seele vom Aufwachen morgens bis zum Einschlafen abends lebt an Vorstellungen, Gemütsstimmungen, Willensimpulsen, wenn Sie dabei natürlich auch alles dasjenige hinzurechnen, was durch die Wahrnehmungen von außen an unsere Seele herankommt, dann haben Sie alles das, was man die Gegenstände des gewöhnlichen Bewußtseins nennen kann. Alles das, was so in unserem Bewußtseinsleben vorhanden ist, ist in diesem unserem gewöhnlichen Bewußtsein angewiesen auf die Werkzeuge des physischen Leibes. Sie haben ja die nächstliegende, selbstverständliche Beweistatsache für das, was eben gesagt worden ist, darin, daß der Mensch eben aufwachen muß, um in diesen Tatsachen des gewöhnlichen Bewußtseins zu leben. Das heißt aber für uns, der Mensch muß untertauchen mit dem, was während des Schlafzustandes außerhalb des physischen Leibes ist, in den physischen Leib, und es muß ihm sein physischer Leib mit seinen Werkzeugen zur Verfügung stehen, wenn die Tatsachen des gewöhnlichen Bewußtseins ablaufen sollen. Nun entsteht natürlich sofort die Frage: In welcher Weise bedient sich der Mensch als geistig-seelisches Wesen seiner leiblichen Werkzeuge, der Sinnesorgane, des Nervensystems, um im alltäglichen Bewußtsein zu leben? — Da ist ja zunächst der Glaube vorhanden draußen in der materialistischen Welt, daß der Mensch eigentlich in seinen leiblichen Werkzeugen dasjenige habe, was seine Bewußtseinstatsachen hervorbringt. Ich habe schon öfters darauf aufmerksam gemacht, daß dies nicht so ist, daß wir uns nicht vorzustellen haben, die Sinnesorgane oder das Gehirn brächten die Bewußtseinstatsachen so hervor, wie etwa die Kerze eine Flamme. Das Verhältnis dessen, was wir Bewußtsein nennen, zu den leiblichen Werkzeugen ist ganz anders. Es ist so, daß wir es vergleichen können mit dem Verhältnis eines Menschen, der sich in einem Spiegel sieht, zu diesem Spiegel. Wenn wir schlafen, leben wir so in unserem Bewußtsein, wie wenn wir einfach geradeaus in einem Raume gehen. Wenn wir geradeaus in einem Raume gehen, dann sehen wir uns nicht, dann sehen wir nicht, wie unsere Nase aussieht, wie unsere Stirn aussieht und so weiter. In dem Augenblick, wo jemand mit einem Spiegel vor uns hintritt und ihn uns entgegenhält, sehen wir uns. Dann tritt das, was aber schon früher da war, uns entgegen; das ist dann für uns da. So ist es mit den Tatsachen unseres gewöhnlichen Bewußtseins. Sie leben fortwährend in uns; sie haben so, wie sie sind, eigentlich gar nichts zu tun mit dem physischen Leibe, so wenig wie wir selbst mit einem Spiegel zu tun haben.

Die materialistische Theorie ist auf diesem Gebiete nichts weiter als ein Unsinn. Sie ist nicht einmal eine mögliche Hypothese. Denn, was der Materialist behauptet, läßt sich mit nichts anderem vergleichen als damit, daß jemand behaupten würde: Weil er sich im Spiegel sieht, so bringe ihn der Spiegel hervor. - Wenn Sie sich der Täuschung hingeben wollen, daß der Spiegel Sie hervorbringt, weil Sie sich erst wahrnehmen, wenn der Spiegel Ihnen entgegengehalten wird, dann können Sie auch glauben, daß die Gehirnpartien oder Ihre Sinnesorgane den Inhalt des Seelenlebens hervorbringen. Beides wäre gleich «geistreich» und gleich «wahr», und so wahr wie die Behauptung, daß Spiegel Menschen schaffen, ebenso wahr ist es, daß Gehirne Gedanken schaffen. Die Tatsachen des Bewußtseins bestehen. Notwendig ist nur für unsere Organisation, daß wir diese bestehenden Tatsachen des Bewußtseins auch wahrnehmen können. Dazu muß uns das entgegentreten, was Spiegelung des Tatsachenbewußstseins ist in unserem physischen Leib. So daß wir also in unserem physischen Leibe etwas haben, was wir nennen können einen Spiegelungsapparat für die Tatsachen unseres gewöhnlichen Bewußtseins. Es leben also die Tatsachen unseres gewöhnlichen Bewußtseins in unserem geistig-seelischen Wesen, und wir nehmen sie wahr dadurch, daß wir dem, was in uns ist, was wir aber nicht wahrnehmen können seelisch - wie wir uns selber nicht wahrnehmen, wenn kein Spiegel uns gegenübersteht -, den Spiegel der Leiblichkeit entgegengehalten bekommen. Das ist der Tatbestand. Nur hat man es bei dem Leibe nicht mit einem passiven Spiegelungsapparat zu tun, sondern mit etwas, worin Vorgänge sind. Sie können sich also vorstellen, daß, statt daß der Spiegel belegt ist, um die Spiegelung hervorzubringen, da rückwärts allerlei Vorgänge stattfinden müssen. Der Vergleich reicht hin, um wirklich das Verhältnis unseres geistig-seelischen Wesens zu unserem Leibe zu charakterisieren. Das also wollen wir uns vorhalten, daß für alles das, was man im alltäglichen Bewußtsein erlebt, der physische Leib der entsprechende Spiegelungsapparat ist. Hinter oder meinetwillen unter diesen gewöhnlichen Bewußtseinstatsachen liegen noch die Dinge, die da herauffluten in unser gewöhnliches Seelenleben und die wir als die Tatsachen bezeichnen, die in den verborgenen Tiefen der Seele leben.

Einiges von dem erlebt ja der Dichter, der Künstler, der, wenn er ein wirklicher Dichter, ein wirklicher Künstler ist, weiß, daß ihm nicht auf die gewöhnliche Weise, wie man sonst logisch überlegt, oder durch äußere Wahrnehmungen, das, was er in seiner Dichtung auslebt, zukommt; sondern er weiß, daß die Dinge herauftauchen aus unbekannten Tiefen und wirklich da sind, ohne daß sie erst zusammengestellt werden durch die Kräfte des gewöhnlichen Bewußtseins. Aber es tauchen ja aus diesen verborgenen Tiefen des Seelenlebens auch andere Dinge auf. Damit haben wir dann diejenigen Dinge gegeben, welche, ohne daß wir im gewöhnlichen Leben so recht ihren Ursprung kennen, mitspielen im gewöhnlichen Bewußtsein.

Aber wir haben gestern schon gesehen, daß man auch tiefer hinuntersteigen kann, da, wo das Gebiet des Halbbewußtseins ist, das Gebiet der Träume, und wir wissen, daß die Träume etwas heraufheben aus den verborgenen Tiefen des Seelenlebens, das wir nicht auf eine einfache, gewöhnliche Weise, durch Anstrengung unseres Bewußtseins heraufheben können. Wenn dem Menschen etwas, was er längst für seine Erinnerung begraben hat, in einem Traumbild vor die Seele tritt, wie das immer und immer wieder geschieht, so ist das so, daß der Mensch in den weitaus meisten Fällen niemals in die Lage kommen könnte, diese Dinge durch bloßes Besinnen aus den verborgenen Schachten des Seelenlebens heraufzuholen, weil eben das gewöhnliche Bewußtsein nicht bis da hinunterreicht. Aber das, was für das gewöhnliche Bewußtsein nicht mehr erreichbar ist, das ist für das Unterbewußtsein sehr wohl erreichbar. Und in jenem halbbewußten Zustand, der im Traum vorhanden ist, da wird eben manches, was sozusagen geblieben ist, was aufgespart ist, dann heraufgeholt; das schlägt herauf. Nur diejenigen Dinge schlagen herauf, die eigentlich nicht ihre Wirkung gefunden haben in der Art, wie sonst das, was hinuntergetaucht ist aus der Erfahrung in die verborgenen Seelentiefen, seine Wirkung findet. Wir werden gesund oder krank, mißgestimmt oder heiter gestimmt, aber so, daß wir das nicht so im gewöhnlichen Verlauf unseres Lebens haben, sondern daß es ein körperlicher Zustand ist durch das, was von unserer Lebenserfahrung hinuntergetaucht ist, was nicht mehr erinnert werden kann, was aber da unten im Seelenleben arbeitet und uns so macht, wie wir im Verlaufe des Lebens werden. Manches Leben würde uns sehr erklärlich werden, wenn wir wüßten, was in die verborgenen Tiefen im Verlauf des Lebens hinuntergetaucht ist. Wir würden manchen Menschen in seinem dreißigsten, vierzigsten, fünfzigsten Jahr besser verstehen können, würden wissen können, warum er diese oder jene Anlage hat, warum er sich in dieser oder jener Beziehung so tief unbefriedigt fühlt, ohne daß er sagen kann, was diese Mißstimmung hervorruft, wenn wir das Leben eines solchen Menschen in die Kindheit zurückverfolgen könnten. Wir würden dann eine Anschauung davon gewinnen, wie Eltern, wie die sonstige Umgebung auf das Kind gewirkt haben, was hervorgerufen worden ist an Leid und Freude, Lust und Schmerz, was vielleicht total vergessen ist, aber an der gesamten Stimmung des Menschen arbeitet. Denn, was aus unserem Bewußtsein hinunterrollt und hinunterwogt in die verborgenen Tiefen des Seelenlebens, das arbeitet da unten weiter. Nun ist es das Eigentümliche, daß das, was so arbeitet, zunächst an uns selbst arbeitet, daß es sozusagen die Sphäre unserer Persönlichkeit nicht verläßt. Wenn deshalb das hellseherische Bewußtsein da hinuntersteigt — und das geschieht schon durch die Imagination, durch das, was man imaginative Erkenntnis nennt -, dahin, wo im Unterbewußtsein die Dinge walten, die jetzt charakterisiert worden sind, dann findet der Mensch eigentlich immer sich selbst. Er findet, was da wogt und lebt, in sich selber. Und das ist gut. Denn eigentlich muß der Mensch in wahrer Selbsterkenntnis sich so kennenlernen, daß er all die Triebkräfte wirklich anschaut und kennenlernt, die in ihm wirken.

Wenn der Mensch mit dem hellseherischen Bewußtsein durch die Übungen der imaginativen Erkenntnis hinunterdringt ins Unterbewußtsein und nicht aufmerksam ist darauf, daß er da zunächst nur sich selbst findet mit alldem, was er ist und was in ihm wirkt, dann ist der Mensch den allermannigfaltigsten Irrtümern ausgesetzt; denn durch irgendwelche mit den gewöhnlichen Bewußtseinstatsachen vergleichbare Art wird man keineswegs gewahr, daß man es zu tun hat nur mit sich selber. Es tritt auf irgendeiner Stufe die Möglichkeit auf, sagen wir, Visionen zu haben, Gestalten vor sich zu sehen, die durchaus etwas Neues sind gegenüber dem, was man sonst durch die Lebenserfahrungen kennengelernt hat. Das kann auftreten. Wenn man aber etwa die Vorstellung haben sollte, daß das schon Dinge sein müßten der höheren Welten, so würde man sich einem schweren Irrtum hingeben. Diese Dinge stellen sich nicht so dar, wie sich für das gewöhnliche Bewußtsein die Dinge des inneren Lebens darstellen. Wenn man Kopfschmerzen hat, so ist das eine Tatsache des gewöhnlichen Bewußtseins. Man weiß, daß die Schmerzen in unserem eigenen Kopfe sitzen. Wenn man Magenschmerzen hat, nimmt man sie in sich selber wahr. Wenn man in die Tiefen, die wir die verborgenen Seelentiefen nennen, hinuntersteigt, dann kann man durchaus nur in sich selbst sein, und dennoch kann das, was einem entgegentritt, sich so hinstellen, als wenn es außer uns wäre. Nehmen wir als Beispiel einen eklatanten Fall, nehmen wir an, jemand hätte den allersehnlichsten Wunsch, die Wiederverkörperung der Maria Magdalena zu sein. Ich habe schon einmal erzählt, daß ich vierundzwanzig Magdalenas in meinem Leben gezählt habe. Nehmen wir aber auch an, daß er sich zunächst diesen Wunsch nicht gesteht: Wir brauchen ja nicht mit dem oberen Bewußtsein unsere Wünsche uns zu gestehen, das ist nicht notwendig. Also irgend jemand liest in der Bibel die Geschichte der Maria Magdalena, sie gefällt ihm außerordentlich. Nun kann in seinem Unterbewußtsein sogleich die Begierde aufsteigen, die Maria Magdalena zu sein. In seinem Oberbewußtsein ist nichts anderes vorhanden als das Gefallen an dieser Gestalt. Im Unterbewußtsein, das heißt so, daß der Mensch nichts davon weiß, lebt aber sogleich die Begierde sich ein, diese Maria Magdalena zu sein. Jetzt geht dieser Mensch durch die Welt. Solange sonst nichts eintritt, so lange gefällt ihm für sein Oberbewußtsein, das heißt für das, was er weiß, die Maria Magdalena. Im Unterbewußtsein ist die brennende Begierde, selber die Maria Magdalena zu sein; aber davon weiß er gar nichts. Das geniert ihn also auch weiter nicht. Er richtet sich nach den Tatsachen seines gewöhnlichen Bewußtseins; er kann durch die Welt gehen, ohne daß er irgendwie in seinem Oberbewußtsein solch eine schlimme Tatsache zu haben braucht wie die Begierde, Maria Magdalena zu sein. Aber nehmen wir an, solch ein Mensch komme dazu, durch irgendwelche Handhabung von den oder jenen okkulten Strebemitteln etwas in seinem Unterbewußtsein zu erreichen. Dann steigt er hinunter in sein Unterbewußtsein. Er braucht nicht diese Tatsache, «in mir ist die Begierde, Maria Magdalena zu sein», so wahrzunehmen, wie man den Kopfschmerz wahrnimmt. Würde er wahrnehmen die Begierde, Maria Magdalena zu sein, dann würde er vernünftig sein können. Er würde sich gegenüber dieser Begierde so verhalten, wie man sich gegenüber dem Schmerz verhält und würde sie loszukriegen suchen. Aber so stellt sich das, wenn eben eine irreguläre Eindringung stattfindet, nicht dar, sondern es stellt sich diese Begierde außerhalb der Persönlichkeit des Menschen als Tatsache hin, es stellt sich die Vision hin: Du bist Maria Magdalena. — Es steht da vor dem Menschen, es projiziert sich diese Tatsache. Und dann ist ja ein Mensch, so wie heute nun einmal die menschliche Entwickelung ist, nicht mehr imstande, mit seinem Ich eine solche Tatsache zu kontrollieren. Bei regelrechter, bei guter, bei absolut sorgfältiger Schulung kann das nicht eintreten; denn da geht das Ich mit in alle Sphären. Aber sobald etwas eintritt, ohne daß das Ich mitgeht, da tritt das als eine objektive äußere Tatsache auf. Der Betrachter glaubt sich zurückzuerinnern an das, was die Ereignisse in und um Maria Magdalena waren, und fühlt sich identisch mit dieser Maria Magdalena. Das ist durchaus eine Möglichkeit.

Ich hebe diese Möglichkeit heute aus dem Grunde hervor, weil Sie daraus sehen sollen, daß eigentlich nur die Sorgfalt der Schulung, nur die Sorgfalt, wie man sich hineinfindet in den Okkultismus, einen davor retten kann, Irrtümern zu verfallen. Wenn man weiß: Du mußt zuerst eine ganze Welt vor dir sehen, mußt Tatsachen um dich herum wahrnehmen, nicht aber etwas, was du auf dich beziehst, was in dir ist, aber wie ein Welttableau erscheint, wenn man weiß, daß man gut tut, das, was man zuerst sieht, bloß als die Hinausprojektion seines eigenen Innenlebens zu betrachten, dann hat man ein gutes Mittel gegenüber den Irrtümern auf diesem Wege. Das ist das allerbeste: zunächst alles wie Tatsachen zu betrachten, welche aus uns selber aufsteigen. Meistens steigen die Tatsachen aus unseren Wünschen, Eitelkeiten, aus unserem Ehrgeiz, kurz, aus den Eigenschaften auf, die mit dem Egoismus des Menschen verknüpft sind.

Diese Dinge projizieren sich hauptsächlich nach außen, und Sie können jetzt die Frage aufwerfen: Wie entkommt man nunmehr diesen Irrtümern? Wie kann man sich vor ihnen retten? — Durch die gewöhnlichen Tatsachen des Bewußtseins kann man sich eigentlich nicht vor ihnen retten. Es kommt gerade dadurch der Irrtum zustande, daß man sozusagen, während einem sich in Wirklichkeit ein Welttableau gegenüberstellt, nicht aus sich herauskann, in sich ganz verstrickt ist. Daraus können Sie schon entnehmen, daß es eigentlich darauf ankommt, daß wir in irgendeiner Art aus uns herauskommen, in irgendeiner Art unterscheiden lernen: Hier hast du eine Vision und hier eine andere. Die Visionen sind beide außer uns. Die eine ist vielleicht nur die Projektion eines Wunsches, die andere ist eine Tatsache. Aber sie sind nicht so verschieden, wie es im gewöhnlichen Leben ist, wenn ein anderer sagt, er habe Kopfschmerz, und wenn man selber Kopfschmerz hat. Geradeso herausprojiziert in den Raum ist das eigene Innere wie das fremde. Wie kommen wir zu einer Unterscheidung?

Wir müssen nämlich innerhalb des okkulten Feldes zur Unterscheidung kommen, wir müssen die wahre Impression von der falschen unterscheiden lernen, obwohl sie alle durcheinandergehen und alle mit dem gleichen Anspruch auf Richtigkeit auftreten. Es ist, wie wenn wir hineinschauen würden in die physische Welt und da neben wirkliche Bäume Phantasiebäume gestellt wären: Wir könnten sie nicht unterscheiden. Wie wenn miteinander da wären wahre und falsche Bäume, sind wirkliche Tatsachen da, die außer uns sind, und Tatsachen, die nur in unserem eigenen Inneren aufsteigen. Wie lernen wir diese beiden Gebiete, die ineinandergeschachtelt sind, unterscheiden?

Man lernt sie nicht unterscheiden durch sein Bewußtsein zunächst. Wenn man nur innerhalb des Vorstellungslebens bleibt, da gibt es eigentlich gar keine Möglichkeit der Unterscheidung, sondern die Möglichkeit liegt nur in der langsamen okkulten Erziehung der Seele. Wenn wir immer weiter und weiter kommen, kommen wir eben auch dazu, wirklich unterscheiden zu lernen, das heißt, auf dem okkulten Gebiete das zu machen, was wir machen müßten, wenn Phantasie- und wirkliche Bäume nebeneinander wären. Durch die Phantasiebäume können wir hindurchgehen; an den wirklichen Bäumen stoßen wir uns. So etwas Ähnliches, aber jetzt natürlich nur als geistige Tatsache, muß uns entgegentreten auch auf dem okkulten Felde. Nun kann man, wenn man richtig vorgeht, in verhältnismäßig einfacher Weise unterscheiden lernen das Wahre vom Falschen auf diesem Gebiet, aber nicht durch Vorstellungen, sondern durch einen Willensentschluß. Dieser Willensentschluß kann auf folgende Weise zustande kommen: Wenn wir unser Leben überschauen, so finden wir in diesem unserem Leben zwei deutlich unterscheidbare Gruppen von Vorkommnissen. Wir finden oftmals, daß dieses oder jenes, das uns gelingt oder mißlingt, eben in ganz regulärer Weise mit unseren Fähigkeiten zusammenhängt. Wir finden es also begreiflich, weil wir auf irgendeinem Gebiet nicht gerade sonderlich gescheit sind, daß uns da nichts Besonderes gelingt. Wo wir uns wiederum Fähigkeiten zumuten, da finden wir es auch ganz begreiflich, daß uns dieses oder jenes gelinge. Vielleicht brauchen wir gar nicht immer so deutlich den Zusammenhang zwischen dem, was durch uns ausgeführt wird und unserer Fähigkeit einzusehen. Es gibt auch eine unbestimmtere Art, diesen Zusammenhang einzusehen. Wenn zum Beispiel irgend jemand in seinem späteren Leben von diesem oder jenem Schicksalsschlag verfolgt wird, so kann er zurückdenken und sich sagen: Ich war ein Mensch, der wenig dazu getan hat, sich energisch zu machen -, oder: Ich war immer ein leichtsinniger Kerl. - Anderseits wird er sich auch sagen können: Es ist mir nicht unmittelbar einleuchtend, wie der Zusammenhang zwischen meinem Mißlingen und den Dingen ist, die ich getan habe; aber es leuchtet mir ein, daß einem leichtsinnigen, faulen Menschen nicht alle Dinge so gelingen können, wie einem gewissenhaften und fleißigen. - Kurz, es gibt solche Dinge, bei denen wir begreiflich finden, daß sie sich so als unser Mißlingen oder Gelingen abspielen, wie sie sich eben abspielen, aber bei anderen kommt es vor, daß wir den Zusammenhang nicht einsehen, daß wir uns sagen: Trotzdem wir eigentlich diese oder jene Fähigkeiten haben, nach denen uns das eine oder andere hätte gelingen müssen, ist es eben nicht gelungen. Es gibt eben auch den Typus von Gelingen oder Mißlingen, wo wir zunächst nicht einsehen können, wie das mit unseren Fähigkeiten zusammenhängt. Das ist das eine. Das andere ist, daß wir gewissen Dingen gegenüber, die uns sonst äußerlich in der objektiven Welt als Schicksalsschläge treffen, zuweilen sagen können: Nun ja, es scheint uns schon recht, denn eigentlich haben wir alle Vorbedingungen dazu geliefert. - Aber andere Dinge, von denen können wir die Meinung haben: Sie treten ein, ohne daß wir etwas finden, was wir als Ursachen angeben können. - Wir haben also zwei Typen von Erlebnissen: Solche, die aus uns selber stammen und bei denen wir den Zusammenhang mit dem, was wir selber als Fähigkeiten haben, einsehen; und den anderen Typus, den wir auch charakterisiert haben. Und wiederum bei äußeren Erlebnissen solche Ereignisse, bei denen wir uns nicht sagen können, daß wir die Bedingungen dazu herbeigeführt haben, gegenüber anderen, bei denen wir wissen: Wir haben die Bedingungen herbeigeführt.

Nun können wir ein wenig Umschau halten in unserem Leben. Da gibt es ein Experiment, das jedem Menschen nützlich ist, das in folgendem besteht. Wir könnten uns alle diejenigen Dinge zusammenstellen, für die wir die Ursachen im Leben nicht einsehen, also Dinge, die uns gelungen sind und bei denen wir uns sagen müssen: Da hat wieder einmal ein blindes Huhn ein Korn gefunden -, bei denen wir uns also für das Gelingen durchaus kein Verdienst zuschreiben. Aber auch Fälle des Mißlingens, an die wir uns erinnern, fassen wir so zusammen. Dann fassen wir äußere Ereignisse ins Auge, die uns wie Zufall getroffen haben, bei denen wir nichts wissen von irgendeiner Motivierung. Und nun machen wir folgendes Experiment: Wir konstruieren gewissermaßen einen künstlichen Menschen, der gerade so geartet ist, daß er all das, von dem wir nicht wissen, warum es uns gelungen ist, durch seine eigenen Fähigkeiten herbeigeführt hat. Wenn uns also einmal etwas gelungen ist, wozu Weisheit notwendig ist, während wir da gerade dumm sind, so konstruieren wir uns einen Menschen, der auf diesem Gebiet besonders weise ist und dem die Sache hat gelingen müssen. Oder für ein äußeres Ereignis machen wir es so: Sagen wir, uns fällt ein Ziegelstein auf den Kopf. Wir können zunächst die Ursachen nicht einsehen, aber wir stellen uns einen Menschen vor, der dieses Ziegel-auf-den-Kopf-Fallen in folgender Weise hervorruft: Er läuft zunächst auf das Dach und zieht dort den Ziegelstein so weit los, daß er nur ein klein wenig zu warten hat, bis er herunterfällt; dann läuft er rasch hinunter, und der Ziegelstein trifft ihn. Und so machen wir es mit bestimmten Ereignissen, von denen wir durchaus wissen, daß wir sie nicht selber herbeigeführt haben nach unserem gewöhnlichen Bewußtsein, die uns sogar sehr gegen unseren Willen kommen.

Nehmen wir an, es hätte uns irgend jemand einmal in unserem Leben geschlagen. Damit uns das nicht so schwer ankommt, können wir ein solches Ereignis in die Kindheit zurückverlegen. Denken wir uns, wir hätten irgendwie einen Menschen angestellt, der uns prügelte. Wir hätten also durchaus alles getan, um diese Prügel zu bekommen. Wir konstruieren uns also einen Menschen, der just alles auf sich lädt, wovon wir da den Zusammenhang nicht einsehen können. Ja, sehen Sie, wenn man im Okkultismus vorwärtskommen will, muß man schon manche Dinge machen, die dem, was gewöhnliche Tatsachen sind, zuwiderlaufen. Wenn man nur das macht, was gewöhnlich vernünftig erscheint, dann kommt man im Okkultismus nicht weiter, denn, was sich auf höhere Welten bezieht, kann zunächst dem gewöhnlichen Menschen als etwas Närrisches erscheinen. So schadet es nicht, wenn schon die Methode dem äußeren Nüchterling als etwas Närrisches erscheint. Also wir konstruieren uns diesen Menschen. Zunächst erscheint es nur als groteske Tatsache, wenn man diesen Menschen konstruiert als etwas, von dem man den Zweck vielleicht nicht einsieht, aber jeder, der das versucht, wird eine sonderbare Entdeckung an sich machen, nämlich daß er von diesem Menschen, den er sich da zurechtgebildet hat, nicht mehr loskommen will, daß der anfängt, ihn zu interessieren. Wenn Sie den Versuch machen, werden Sie schon sehen: Sie kommen von diesem künstlichen Menschen nicht wieder los; der lebt in Ihnen. Und sonderbarerweise: Er lebt nicht nur in uns, sondern verwandelt sich in unserem Inneren und verwandelt sich sehr stark, so daß er zuletzt eigentlich erwas ganz anderes wird, als er vorher gewesen war. Etwas wird er, von dem wir gar nicht anders können, als uns zu sagen: Es ist doch etwas, was in uns steckt. - Das ist eine Erfahrung, die wirklich jeder machen kann. Man kann von dem, was jetzt beschrieben worden ist, was nicht der ursprünglich zusammenphantasierte Mensch ist, sondern was aus diesem geworden ist, sich sagen: Es ist etwas von dem, was in uns sitzt. Nun ist es gerade das, was die sonst scheinbar ursachlosen Dinge in unserem Leben sozusagen bewirkt hat; so daß man in sich etwas findet, was das sonst Nichterklärliche wirklich hervorruft. Es ist, mit anderen Worten, das, was ich Ihnen beschrieben habe, der Weg, um nicht bloß in sein eigenes Seelenleben hineinzugaffen und etwas zu finden, sondern es ist ein Weg aus dem Seelenleben heraus in die Umgebung. Denn das, was uns mißlingt, bleibt nicht bei uns, sondern gehört der Umgebung an. So haben wir aus der Umgebung etwas herausgeholt, was nicht mit unseren Bewußtseinstatsachen stimmt, sich aber so darstellt, wie wenn es in uns selbst wäre. Dann erhält man eben das Gefühl, daß man doch etwas mit dem zu tun hat, was einem so unverursacht im wirklichen Leben scheint. Man erhält auf diese Art ein Gefühl seines Zusammenhanges mit seinem Schicksal, mit dem, was man Karma nennt. Durch dieses Seelenexperiment ist ein realer Weg gegeben, um das Karma in sich in einer gewissen Weise zu erleben.

Sie können sagen: Ja, was du da sagst, ich verstehe es eigentlich nicht recht. -— Aber wenn Sie das sagen, dann verstehen Sie nicht das nicht, wovon Sie glauben, daß Sie es nicht verstehen, sondern Sie verstehen etwas nicht, was eigentlich kinderleicht zu verstehen ist, woran Sie nur nicht denken. Es ist gar nicht möglich, daß irgend jemand, der das Experiment nicht ausgeführt hat, diese Dinge einsieht, sondern erst der kann sie einsehen, der es ausgeführt hat. So sind diese Dinge nichts anderes als die Beschreibung eines Experimentes, das man machen und das jeder erleben kann. Jeder kommt dazu, einzusehen, daß in seinem Inneren etwas lebt, was mit seinem Karma zusammenhängt. Wenn das jemand von vornherein wüßte, dann brauchte man ihm nicht eine Regel zu geben, durch die er dazu kommt. Das ist ganz in der Ordnung, daß derjenige dieses nicht einsieht, der das Experiment noch nicht gemacht hat. Es handelt sich aber nicht um Einsehen einer Mitteilung über etwas, was unsere Seele vornehmen kann. Wenn nun unsere Seele solche Wege geht, gewöhnt sie sich, nicht bloß in ihrem Inneren zu leben, in ihren Wünschen und Begierden, sondern daran, äußere Vorkommnisse auf sich zu beziehen, wirkliche äußere Vorkommnisse ins Auge zu fassen. Daran gewöhnt sich unsere Seele dadurch. Gerade die Dinge, die wir nicht selber gewünscht haben, die haben wir hineinkonstruiert in das, um was es sich gehandelt hat. Und wenn wir noch dazu kommen, unserem gesamten Schicksal gegenüber uns so zu stellen, daß wir es in Gelassenheit auf uns nehmen, daß wir uns von dem, wogegen wir gewöhnlich murren und uns empören, denken: Wir nehmen es gerne auf uns, denn wir haben es selbst über uns verhängt -, dann bildet sich eine Gemütsverfassung heraus, die so ist, daß wir, wenn es sich darum handelt, bei dem Hinabdringen in die verborgenen Seelentiefen das Wahre vom Falschen zu unterscheiden, mit absoluter Sicherheit das Wahre vom Falschen unterscheiden können. Denn dann ergibt sich mit einer wunderbaren Klarheit und Sicherheit, was wahr und was falsch ist.

Wenn man mit dem geistigen Auge auf irgendeine Vision sieht und man sie einfach dadurch, daß man alle seine Kräfte, die man als sein Inneres fühlt, die man dann kennengelernt hat, wegschaffen, wegzaubern kann, sozusagen durch seinen bloßen Blick, dann ist sie ein bloßes Phantasma. Wenn man es aber nicht wegschaffen kann auf diese Weise, sondern wenn man höchstens wegschaffen kann, was an die äußere Sinneswelt erinnert, also das eigentlich Visionhafte, das Geistige aber dableibt wie eine feste Tatsache, dann ist es wahr. Aber diesen Unterschied kann man nicht machen, bevor man das getan hat, was beschrieben worden ist. Daher gibt es ohne die beschriebene Erziehung keine Sicherheit im Unterscheiden des Wahren und Falschen auf dem übersinnlichen Plan. Das Wesentliche bei dem Seelenexperiment ist dieses: Mit dem gewöhnlichen Bewußtsein sind wir bei dem, was wir wünschen, eigentlich immer dabei. Durch dieses Seelenexperiment gewöhnen wir uns, das als von uns gewollt anzuschauen, was wir für das gewöhnliche Bewußtsein gar nicht wünschen, was uns gewöhnlich eigentlich widerstrebt. Man kann in einer gewissen Beziehung in der inneren Entwickelung zu einem bestimmten Grad gekommen sein; wenn man aber nicht dem, was als Wünsche, als Begierden, als Sympathie und Antipathie in der Seele lebt, entgegenstellt durch ein solches Seelenexperiment unseren Zusammenhang mit dem, was wir nicht gewünscht haben, dann wird man überall Fehler über Fehler machen. Der größte Fehler gerade auf dem Gebiet der Theosophischen Gesellschaft ist ja zuerst von H. P. Blavatsky dadurch gemacht worden, daß sie den geistigen Blick auf jenes Feld gerichtet hat, wo der Christus zu suchen ist, und weil sie in ihren Wünschen, in ihren Begierden, kurz, in dem, was im Oberbewußtsein war, fortwährend eine Antipathie, sogar eine leidenschaftliche Abneigung gegenüber allem Christlichen und Hebräischen hatte, während sie eine Vorliebe für alles hatte, was sich an geistiger Kultur auf der Erde ausbreitet außer dem Christlichen und Hebräischen. Und weil sie niemals das durchgemacht hat, was heute beschrieben worden ist, so stellte sich eben eine ganz falsche Christus-Auffassung vor sie hin, und das ist ganz natürlich. Und von ihr ist es übergegangen auf ihre engeren Schüler und wird bis heute fortgeschleppt, nur noch ins Groteske vergröbert. Diese Dinge gehen bis in die höchsten Sphären hinauf. Man kann viele Dinge auf dem okkulten Plane sehen, aber das Unterscheidungsvermögen ist noch etwas anderes als das bloße Sehen, das bloße Wahrnehmen. Das muß scharf betont werden.

Nun ist die Frage diese: Wir kommen also, wenn wir in unsere verborgenen Seelentiefen hinuntertauchen - und jeder Hellseher muß das —, zunächst in uns selbst, im Grunde genommen. Und wir müssen uns selbst dadurch kennenlernen, daß wir wirklich jenen Übergang machen, indem wir zunächst eine Welt vor uns haben, von der uns Luzifer und Ahriman jederzeit versprechen, daß sie uns die Reiche der Welt schenken werden. Das heißt, es wird uns unser Inneres hingestellt, und der Teufel sagt: Das ist die objektive Welt. - Das ist eben die Versuchung, der selbst der Christus nicht entging. Es wurden hingestellt die Ulusionen des eigenen Inneren. Nun war Christus durch seine Energie so stark, auf den ersten Anhieb zu erkennen, daß das nicht eine wirkliche Welt ist, sondern daß das im Inneren ist. Durch dieses Innere erst, bei dem wir unterscheiden müssen zwei Glieder, von dem wir das eine hinwegschaffen können — eben unser Inneres -, während das andere bleibt, kommen wir durch die verborgenen Tiefen unseres Seelenlebens in die objektiv übersinnliche Welt hinaus. Und so wie unser geistig-seelischer Kern für die äußere Wahrnehmung, für das, was die gewöhnlichen Bewußtseinstatsachen sind, sich des Spiegels unseres physischen Leibes bedienen muß, so muß sich der Mensch in bezug auf seinen geistig-seelischen Kern für die zunächst ihm gegenübertretenden geistigen übersinnlichen Tatsachen seines Ätherleibes als Spiegelungsapparat bedienen. Die höheren Sinnesorgane, wenn wir sie so nennen können, treten im astralischen Leib auf; aber spiegeln muß sich das, was in ihnen lebt, am Ätherleibe, so wie sich unser Geistig-Seelisches, das wir im gewöhnlichen Leben wahrnehmen, am physischen Leibe spiegelt. Wir müssen nun lernen, unseren Ätherleib zu handhaben. Und nun ist es ganz natürlich, da uns unser Ätherleib gewöhnlich nicht bekannt ist, er aber das darstellt, was uns eigentlich belebt, daß wir ihn selber zuerst kennenlernen müssen, bevor wir das erkennen lernen, was aus der übersinnlichen Außenwelt in uns hereinkommt und an diesem Ätherleibe sich spiegeln kann.

Das, was wir so erleben, indem wir in die verborgenen Tiefen unseres Seelenlebens kommen und zuerst sozusagen uns selbst, die Projektion unserer Wünsche erleben, das ist dem Leben sehr ähnlich, das man gewöhnlich das Kamaloka nennt. Es unterscheidet sich nur dadurch vom Kamalokaleben, daß, während man so im gewöhnlichen Leben vordringt bis zu dem Eingesperrtsein in sich selbst - denn so ist es zu nennen —, unser physischer Leib aber noch da ist, zu dem wir immer wieder zurückkehren können, es im Kamaloka so ist, daß der physische Leib fort ist, sogar ein Teil des Ätherleibes fort ist, der Teil, der uns zunächst überhaupt spiegeln kann. Aber es ist der allgemeine Lebensäther um uns herum, der als das spiegelnde Werkzeug uns dient, und an dem sich alles das spiegelt, was in uns ist. Die Kamalokazeit ist eine solche, daß unsere innere Welt, welche sich in allen Wünschen, Begierden, in allem, wie wir innerlich fühlen und gesummt sind, sich um uns herum als unsere objektive Welt aufbaut. Das ist wichtig, daß wir das einsehen, daß zunächst das Kamalokaleben dadurch charakterisiert ist, daß wir in uns eingesperrt sind und die Einsperrung in uns selber das Gefängnis ist, um so mehr verriegelt zunächst, als wir nicht zu irgendeinem physischen Leben zurückkehren können, auf das sich unser ganzes Leben bezieht. Erst wenn wir dieses Kamalokaleben durchleben so, daß wir allmählich darauf kommen man kommt eben nur allmählich darauf -, daß alles das, was da ist, nicht anders aus der Welt geschafft werden kann, als daß man sich eben in anderer Weise erfühlt als durch bloße Begierden und so weiter, erst dann ist unser Kamalokagefängnis gesprengt.

Wie ist das gemeint? Nehmen wir an, es stirbt jemand mit einem bestimmten Wunsch. Der Wunsch gehört zu dem, was sich hinausprojiziert ins Kamalokagebiet, was in irgendwelchen Gebilden dann um ihn herum aufgebaut ist. Solange nun der Wunsch in ihm lebt, ist es unmöglich, daß er sich mit diesem Wünschen das Kamalokaleben öffnet. Erst wenn er gewahr wird, daß dieser Wunsch nur dann befriedigt werden kann, wenn er ausgeschaltet wird, wenn er aufgegeben wird, wenn nicht mehr gewünscht wird, wenn also dieser Wunsch aus der Seele gerissen wird, also wenn man sich in entgegengesetzter Weise dazu verhält, erst dann wird zugleich mit dem Wunsch nach und nach alles, was uns im Kamaloka einsperrt, aus der Seele gerissen. Dann erst kommen wir in das Gebiet zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt, das wir bezeichnet haben als das devachanische, in das man auch durch Hellsichtigkeit kommen kann, wenn man erkannt hat dasjenige, was nur zu einem selbst gehört. In der Hellsichtigkeit erlangt man es durch eine bestimmte Stufe der Reife, im Kamaloka durch die Zeit, einfach weil uns die Zeit so quält durch unsere eigenen Wünsche, daß sie durch die Dauer sich überwinden. Dadurch wird das, was uns so vorgegaukelt wird, als ob es die Welt und ihre Herrlichkeit wäre, zersprengt.

Die Welt der übersinnlichen realen Tatsachen ist das, was man gewöhnlich das Devachan nennt. Wie tritt uns diese Welt der übersinnlichen realen Tatsachen entgegen? Hier auf diesem Erdenrund kann der Mensch nur vom Devachan sprechen aus dem Grunde, weil in der Hellsichtigkeit, wenn wirklich das Selbst überwunden ist, wir ja auch schon eintreten in die Welt der übersinnlichen Tatsachen, die objektiv vorhanden sind, und es fallen diese Tatsachen mit dem, was im Devachan vorhanden ist, zusammen. Nun ist das wichtigste Charakteristikum dieser devachanischen Welt, daß sich moralische Tatsachen nicht mehr unterscheiden von physischen Tatsachen, von physischen Gesetzen, sondern daß moralische Gesetze mit physischen Gesetzen zusammenfallen. Was heißt das? Nun, nicht wahr, in der gewöhnlichen physischen Welt scheint die Sonne über Gerechte und Ungerechte. Denjenigen, der ein Verbrechen begangen hat, kann man vielleicht ins Gefängnis setzen, aber die physische Sonne verfinstert sich nicht. Das heißt, es gibt in der Welt des Physischen eine moralische Gesetzmäßigkeit und eine physische, die gehen zwei ganz verschiedene Wege. So ist es nicht im Devachan, ganz und gar nicht; sondern da ist es so, daß alles, was aus Moralischem, aus intellektuell Weisem, aus ästhetisch Schönem und dergleichen hervorgeht, ein solches ist, das zur Entstehung führt, und daß dasjenige, was aus Unmoralischem, aus intellektuell Unwahrem, aus ästhetisch Häßlichem hervorgeht, zum Vergehen, zum Untergang führt. Und zwar sind dort die Naturgesetze wirklich so, daß nicht die Sonne über Gerechte und Ungerechte scheint, sondern daß sie sich, wenn wir bildlich sprechen dürfen, vor dem Ungerechten wirklich verfinstert. Der Gerechte, der durch das Devachan geht, hat also den geistigen Sonnenschein dort, das heißt die Einwirkung der befruchtenden Kräfte, die ihn im Leben vorwärtsbringen. Der lügnerische oder häßliche Mensch geht so durch, daß sich die geistigen Kräfte vor ihm zurückziehen. Dort ist die Einrichtung möglich, die hier nicht möglich ist. Wenn hier zwei Menschen nebeneinander gehen, ein gerechter und ein ungerechter, dann kann die Sonne nicht den einen bescheinen und den anderen nicht. Dort aber, in der geistigen Welt, ist das absolut so, daß es von der Qualität des Menschen abhängt, wie die geistigen Kräfte auf ihn wirken. Das heißt, die Naturgesetze und die geistigen Gesetze gehen dort nicht zwei getrennte Wege, sondern dieselben Wege. Das ist das Wesentliche, worauf es ankommt: In der devachanischen Welt fallen die Naturgesetze mit den moralischen und intellektuellen Gesetzen zusammen.

Dadurch geschieht das Folgende: Wenn der Mensch eingetreten ist in die devachanische Welt und diese durchlebt, so ist in ihm alles das, was verblieben ist aus dem letzten Leben an Gerechtem und Ungerechtem, an Gutem und Bösem, an ästhetisch Schönem und Häßlichem, an Wahrem und Falschem. Alles das wirkt aber so, daß es sich dort sogleich der Naturgesetze bemächtigt. So ist dort Gesetz, was wir in der physischen Welt so beschreiben könnten, daß einer, der gestohlen oder gelogen hätte und an die Sonne ginge, von dieser nicht beschienen würde und er sich allmählich dadurch, daß er des Sonnenlichtes entbehrt, eine Krankheit zuziehe. Oder nehmen wir an, jemandem, der gelogen hat, würde der Atem verschlagen in der physischen Welt. Das wäre zu vergleichen mit dem, was alles in der devachanischen Welt der Fall ist. Derjenige, der das oder jenes auf sich geladen hat, dem geschieht so etwas in bezug auf sein Geistig-Seelisches, daß das Naturgesetz zugleich absolut dem Geistesgesetz entspricht. Daher werden, wenn nun die Weiterentwickelung dieses Menschen durch die devachanische Welt so geschieht, er allmählich weiter und immer weiter geht, sich immer mehr und mehr in ihm solche Eigenschaften einleben, daß das, was er dann ist, seinen Qualitäten entspricht, die er sich mitgebracht hat aus dem vorhergehenden Leben. Nehmen wir an, jemand ist zweihundert Jahre im Devachan, nachdem er in einem vorhergehenden Leben viel gelogen habe. Er lebt dieses Devachan durch, aber die Geister der Wahrheit entziehen sich ihm. Das stirbt in ihm, was in einer anderen Seele, die die Wahrheit gesprochen hat, auflebt.

Oder nehmen wir an, jemand geht mit einer ausgesprochenen Qualität von Eitelkeit, die er nicht abgelegt hat, durch das Devachan. Diese Eitelkeit ist im Devachan eine außerordentlich übelriechende Ausdünstung, und gewisse geistige Wesenheiten meiden eine solche Individualität, welche die übelriechende Ausdünstung von Ehrgeiz oder Eitelkeit um sich herumströmt. Das ist nicht eigentlich bildlich gesprochen. Eitelkeit und Ehrgeiz sind im Devachan außerordentlich übelriechende Ausdünstungen, und dadurch kommt der wohltätige Einfluß gewisser Wesenheiten, die sich dann eben zurückziehen, nicht zustande. Es ist so, wie wenn eine Pflanze im Keller wachsen soll, während sie nur im Sonnenlicht gedeihen kann. Der Eitle kann nicht gedeihen. Nun wächst er heran unter den Auswirkungen dieser Eigenschaft. Wenn er sich wiederverkörpert, hat er nicht die Kraft, die guten Einflüsse hineinzubauen. Statt daß er gewisse Organe in gesunder Weise ausbildet, bildet er sie als ein krankhaftes Organsystem aus. Wie wir daher im Leben als Menschen werden, das zeigen uns nicht nur unsere physischen Bedingungen, sondern auch unsere moralischen und intellektuellen. Erst dann, wenn wir aus dem geistigen Plan heraus sind, dann gehen nebeneinander Natur- und Geistesgesetz. Zwischen Tod und einer neuen Geburt sind die aber eins, sind Naturgesetz und Geistesgesetz eins, sind ein Ganzes. Und in unsere Seele werden eingepflanzt die Naturkräfte, die zerstörend wirken, wenn sie die Folge sind von unmoralischen Taten vorhergehender Leben, die aber befruchtend wirken, wenn sie die Folge sind von moralischen Taten. Das bezieht sich nicht nur etwa auf unsere innere Konfiguration, sondern auch auf das, was uns von außen trifft als unser Karma.

Das Wesentliche des Devachan ist also, daß es dort keine Unterscheidung gibt zwischen Natur- und Geistesgesetz. Und so ist es auch für den Hellseher, der wirklich hindurchdringt zu den übersinnlichen Welten. Da sind diese übersinnlichen Welten recht sehr verschieden von den Welten, die hier auf dem physischen Plan herrschen. Es ist einfach nicht möglich für den Hellseher, jene Unterscheidung zu machen, die der materialistische Sinn macht, indem man sagt: Das ist bloß ein objektives Naturgesetz. — Hinter diesem objektiven Naturgesetz steht in Wahrheit immer ein Geistesgesetz, und der Hellseher kann zum Beispiel nicht über eine ausgedörrte Wiese gehen, über eine überschwemmte Gegend, kann nicht gewahr werden einen Vulkanausbruch, ohne zu denken, daß hinter dem, was Naturtatsachen sind, geistige Mächte, geistige Wesenheiten stecken. Für ihn ist ein Vulkanausbruch zugleich eine moralische Tat, wenn auch vielleicht die Moral auf einem ganz anderen Plan liegt, als man es sich zunächst träumen läßt. Die Menschen, die immer die physische Welt mit den höheren Welten verwechseln, werden sagen: Ja, wenn unschuldige Menschen durch einen Vulkanausbruch vernichtet werden, wie kann man da annehmen, daß das eine moralische Tat ist? - Ein solches Urteil wäre so grausam philiströs, wie es das entgegengesetzte Urteilauch wäre, nämlich, wenn man den Ausbruch als eine Strafe Gottes ansehen würde gerade für die Menschen, die um den Vulkan herum sitzen. Beide Urteile können nur vom philisterhaften Standpunkt des physischen Planes gefällt werden. Nicht darum handelt es sich, sondern es kann sich dabei um viel universellere Dinge handeln. Die Menschen, die am Abhang eines Vulkanes wohnen und deren Besitz durch ihn zerstört wird, die können ganz unschuldig sein in bezug auf dieses Leben. Es wird ihnen dann später ein Ausgleich geschaffen. Das heißt nicht, daß wir etwa hartherzig sein und ihnen nicht helfen sollen - das würde wiederum eine philiströse Auslegung der Tatsachen sein —, aber es ist so, daß zum Beispiel für Vulkanausbrüche die Tatsache vorliegt, daß eben im Verlauf der Erdenentwickelung durch die Menschen gewisse Dinge geschehen, die die ganze Menschheitsentwickelung aufhalten. Und es müssen gerade gute Götter für den Ausgleich arbeiten, so daß in der Tat in solchen Naturphänomenen zuweilen ein Ausgleich geschaffen wird. Den Zusammenhang von dieser Sache sieht man manchmal erst in okkulten Tiefen. So können dadurch Ausgleiche geschaffen werden für das, was gegen den Geistesverlauf in der wirklichen Entwickelung des Menschengeschlechtes von den Menschen selbst getan wird. Jedes Ereignis ist in seinen Untergründen, auch wenn es ein bloßes Naturereignis ist, zugleich etwas Moralisches. Und geistige Wesenheiten sind es in den höheren Welten, welche die Träger dieses Moralischen sind, das hinter den physischen Tatsachen sitzt. Wenn Sie also einfach eine Welt vorstellen, in der es nicht möglich ist, von einem Auseinanderfallen des Natur- und Geistesgesetzes zu sprechen, eine Welt, in der, mit anderen Worten, Gerechtigkeit als Naturgesetz herrscht, dann haben Sie die devachanische Welt. Daher brauchen in dieser devachanischen Welt auch nicht strafbare Handlungen durch irgendeine Willkür bestraft zu werden, sondern mit derselben Notwendigkeit, mit der das Feuer Brennbares anzündet, vernichtet das Unmoralische sich selbst und das Moralische fördert sich selbst.

So sehen wir, daß gerade die innerste Charakteristik, der innerste Nerv sozusagen des Daseins ganz verschieden ist für die verschiedenen Welten. Wir bekommen keine Vorstellung von den einzelnen Welten, wenn wir nicht diese Eigentümlichkeiten, die in radikaler Weise für die einzelnen Welten verschieden sind, ins Auge fassen können. Und so können wir gut charakterisieren: physische Welt, Kamaloka und Devachan. Physische Welt so, daß in ihr Natur- und Geistesgesetz zwei nebeneinanderlaufende Tatsachenreihen sind; Kamalokawelt so, daß in ihr eingeschlossen ist der Mensch in sich selber wie in dem Gefängnis seiner eigenen Wesenheit; die devachanische Welt das reine Gegenteil der physischen Welt: Natur- und Geistesgesetz eines und dasselbe. Das sind die drei Charakteristiken, und wenn Sie dieselben genau ins Auge fassen, zu empfinden versuchen, wie radikal eine Welt von der unsrigen verschieden ist, in welcher das moralische, das intellektuelle wie auch das Schönheitsgesetz zugleich Naturgesetz ist, dann werden Sie eine Empfindung haben von der Art, wie es in der devachanischen Welt ist. Wenn wir in unserer physischen Welt einem häßlichen oder einem schönen Gesicht begegnen, so haben wir kein Recht, den häßlichen Menschen so zu behandeln, als wenn er geistig-seelisch irgendwie abzulehnen wäre, so wenig wir den schönen Menschen so betrachten dürfen, als ob wir ihn unmittelbar geistig oder seelisch hochstellen müßten. Im Devachan ist das ganz anders. Da begegnen wir keiner Häßlichkeit, die nicht verschuldet ist, und ein Mensch, der durch seine vorhergehende Inkarnation in die Notwendigkeit versetzt worden ist, in irgendeiner jetzigen Inkarnation ein häßliches Antlitz zu tragen, der sich aber in diesem Leben befleißigt, wahr und ehrlich zu sein, bei dem ist es unmöglich, daß er uns im Devachan mit einer häßlichen Form begegnet, der hat ganz gewiß dann seine Häßlichkeit in Schönheit verwandelt. Aber ebenso wahr ist es, daß derjenige, der lügenhaft, eitel, ehrgeizig ist, in häßlicher Form auf dem Devachan herumwandelt. Dafür ist aber auch noch etwas anderes wahr. Wir sehen nicht, daß ein häßliches Gesicht im gewöhnlichen physischen Leben sich selber fortwährend etwas nimmt, oder ein schönes sich selber fortwährend etwas gibt. Im Devachan ist es so: Das Häßliche ist das Element einer fortwährenden Zerstörung, und wir können kein Schönes wahrnehmen, von dem wir nicht annehmen müssen, daß es das Werk einer fortwährenden Förderung, einer fortwährenden Befruchtung ist. Ganz anders also müssen wir empfinden gegenüber der devachanischen oder mentalen Welt als gegenüber der physischen Welt.

Und dies ist notwendig, daß Sie in diesen Empfindungen unterscheiden, das Wesentliche sehen, worauf es ankommt, daß Sie sich aneignen nicht bloß die äußere Beschreibung von diesen Dingen, sondern daß Sie mitnehmen Gefühle und Empfindungen gegenüber dem, was in der Geisteswissenschaft beschrieben wird. Wenn Sie sich aufzuschwingen versuchen zu der Empfindung von einer Welt, in der das Moralische, das Schöne, das intellektuell Wahre mit der Notwendigkeit eines Naturgesetzes auftritt, dann haben Sie eben die Empfindung der devachanischen Welt. Und deshalb müssen wir so viel sozusagen zusammentragen und arbeiten, damit wir zuletzt die Dinge, die wir uns erarbeiten, in eine Empfindung zusammenschmelzen können. Es ist unmöglich, daß jemand leichter Hand zu einer wirklichen Erkenntnis dessen kommt, was notwendig durch die Geisteswissenschaft allmählich der Welt klargemacht werden muß. Es gibt gewiß heute viele Bestrebungen, die da sagen: Ach, warum müssen in der Geisteswissenschaft so viele Dinge gelernt werden? Sollen wir denn wieder Schüler werden? Es käme doch nur auf die Empfindung an. — Es kommt auf sie an; aber auf die richtige Empfindung kommt es an, die man erst herausarbeiten muß! So ist es bei allem. Schließlich wäre es für den Maler auch angenehmer, wenn er nicht erst die einzelnen Handgriffe seiner Kunst erlernen und wenn er das Bild nicht erst langsam auf die Leinwand bringen müßte, sondern bloß zu hauchen hätte, um sein Werk fertig vor sich zu haben! Nun ist das Eigentümliche in unserer Welt, daß, je mehr die Dinge gegen das Seelische zugehen, die Menschen um so schwerer einsehen, daß es mit dem bloßen Hauchen nicht getan ist! Für das Musikalische wird kaum jemand zugeben, daß ein jeder schon ein Komponist ist, der gar nichts gelernt hat; da ist es ganz selbstverständlich. Für die Malerei wird es auch noch ein wenig zugegeben, obwohl da schon etwas weniger. Für die Dichtung, da schon noch weniger; sonst würde es in unserer Zeit nicht so viele Dichter geben. Denn es ist eigentlich keine Zeit so undichterisch wie unsere, aber es gibt so viele Dichter. Man braucht es eben nicht gelernt zu haben; man braucht, was natürlich nichts mit Dichtung zu tun hat, bloß schreiben zu können - allerdings noch orthographisch -, man braucht bloß seine Gedanken richtig ausdrükken zu können! Na, und zum Philosophieren, dazu gehört noch weniger! Denn daß ein jeder heute über alles mögliche, was zur Weltund Lebensanschauung gehört, ohne weiteres urteilen kann, das gilt doch für selbstverständlich; denn ein jeder hat seinen Standpunkt. Und da erlebt man immer wieder und wiederum, daß es nichts gilt, wenn einer mit allen Mitteln innerer Arbeit dazu gekommen ist, etwas zu erkennen und zu erforschen in der Welt. Heute gilt als selbstverständlich, daß gleichberechtigt ist der Standpunkt desjenigen, der lange gearbeitet hat, um überhaupt nur ein weniges über die Weltgeheimnisse sagen zu können, mit dem Standpunkt dessen, der sich einfach vorgenommen hat, eben auch einen Standpunkt zu haben. Daher ist im Grunde genommen ein Weltanschauungsmensch heute ein jeder. Und nun gar ein Theosoph! Dazu scheint noch weniger nach mancher Ansicht notwendig zu sein; denn dazu soll einfach ausreichen, daß man nicht einmal die drei Grundsätze der Theosophischen Gesellschaft, sondern nur den ersten derselben anerkennt, und den ganz in seiner Art! Da aber dazu wirklich nichts anderes gehört, als daß man mit mehr oder weniger Wahrhaftigkeit sich dazu bekennt, ein liebender Mensch zu sein - ob man es ist, darum handelt es sich nicht -, dann ist man einfach ein Theosoph und dann hat man die rechte Empfindung! So daß wir fortwährend herunterkommen, wenn wir die Wertschätzung des Standpunktes und der Urteilsfähigkeit beginnen beim Musikalischen und durch die Dinge, die immer weniger und weniger verlangen, bis gar zur Theosophie herunterdringen! Denn da genügt es eben was man in der Malerei nicht für genügend betrachten würde -, daß man bloß zu hauchen braucht: Wir begründen den Kern einer allgemeinen Menschenverbrüderung; da sind wir Theosophen! - Zu lernen braucht man weiter gar nichts! Das aber ist es, worauf es ankommt, daß wir mit aller Energie arbeiten, damit wir das, was wir uns erarbeiten, allerdings zuletzt in Empfindungen zusammentragen, welche durch ihre Färbung erst die allerhöchste, die wahrste Erkenntnis geben. Ringen Sie sich durch, dadurch daß Sie zunächst arbeiten, zu einer solchen Empfindung, die da geht nach der Impression einer Welt, bei der Natur- und Geistesgesetz zusammenfallen. Wenn Sie im Ernst arbeiten — mögen Sie sich noch so sehr angestrengt haben beim Durcharbeiten dieser oder jener Theorie -, so macht das auf die devachanische Welt einen Eindruck. Haben Sie sich eine Empfindung nicht bloß anphantasiert, sondern erarbeitet, haben Sie sich dieselbe in jahrelanger Arbeit sorgfältig erarbeitet, dann hat diese Empfindung, dann haben diese Empfindungsnuancen jene Stärke, die Sie weiterbringt als bloß diese Nuancen reichen; dann sind sie wahr durch ernstes eifriges Studium geworden. Dann sind Sie nicht weit entfernt von dem, daß die Empfindungsnuance aufspringt und wirklich auch das vor Ihnen liegt, was Devachan ist. Denn wenn die Empfindungsnuance wahr erarbeitet ist, dann wird sie zur Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit. Daher sind, wenn wahr und wahrhaftig außerhalb aller Sensation nur auf Grundlage der Ehrlichkeit gearbeitet wird in unseren Zweigen, wenn geduldig geübt wird, diese Arbeitsstätten, was sie sein sollen: Schulen, um hinaufzuführen die Menschen in die Sphären der Hellsichtigkeit. Und nur derjenige, der das nicht erwarten kann oder nicht mitarbeiten will, kann über diese Dinge eine falsche Ansicht haben.

Reflections of Consciousness: Superconsciousness and Subconsciousness

Today and the day after tomorrow, it will be my task to discuss some of the more important facts of consciousness and also of karmic connections.

Essentially, I would like to follow up on the discussions that took place yesterday in the public lecture. It is the case with us that in public lectures for a larger audience, certain things have to be discussed differently than is possible in branch meetings, because the members of a branch, through their longer collaboration and longer engagement with the subjects, are prepared in a completely different way to receive and understand things than is the case with a larger audience. Yesterday we saw that we can speak of hidden aspects of human soul life, and we must contrast these hidden aspects of human soul life with the facts of ordinary, everyday consciousness.

If you take even a superficial look at what lives in our soul from the moment we wake up in the morning until we fall asleep at night in terms of ideas, moods, and impulses of the will, and if you add to this, of course, everything that comes to our soul through our perceptions of the outside world, then you have everything that can be called the objects of ordinary consciousness. Everything that is present in our conscious life in this way is dependent in our ordinary consciousness on the tools of the physical body. You have the most obvious, self-evident proof of what has just been said in the fact that human beings must wake up in order to live in these facts of ordinary consciousness. But this means for us that human beings must submerge themselves with what is outside the physical body during the state of sleep into the physical body, and their physical body with its tools must be available to them if the facts of ordinary consciousness are to unfold. Now, of course, the question immediately arises: How does man, as a spiritual-soul being, use his physical tools, the sense organs and the nervous system, in order to live in everyday consciousness? — First of all, there is the belief out there in the materialistic world that man actually has in his physical tools that which produces his facts of consciousness. I have often pointed out that this is not the case, that we must not imagine that the sense organs or the brain produce the facts of consciousness in the same way that a candle produces a flame. The relationship between what we call consciousness and the physical instruments is quite different. We can compare it to the relationship between a person who sees himself in a mirror and the mirror. When we sleep, we live in our consciousness as if we were simply walking straight ahead in a room. When we walk straight ahead in a room, we do not see ourselves, we do not see what our nose looks like, what our forehead looks like, and so on. The moment someone steps in front of us with a mirror and holds it up to us, we see ourselves. Then what was already there before comes toward us; it is then there for us. So it is with the facts of our ordinary consciousness. They live continuously within us; as they are, they actually have nothing to do with the physical body, any more than we ourselves have anything to do with a mirror.

The materialistic theory is nothing but nonsense in this area. It is not even a possible hypothesis. For what the materialist asserts can be compared to nothing else than someone claiming that because he sees himself in the mirror, the mirror produces him. If you want to indulge in the delusion that the mirror produces you because you only perceive yourself when the mirror is held up to you, then you can also believe that the parts of your brain or your sense organs produce the content of your soul life. Both would be equally “ingenious” and equally “true,” and as true as the assertion that mirrors create people, just as true as the assertion that brains create thoughts. The facts of consciousness exist. It is only necessary for our organization that we are able to perceive these existing facts of consciousness. To do this, we must be confronted with what is the reflection of factual consciousness in our physical body. So we have something in our physical body that we can call a reflection apparatus for the facts of our ordinary consciousness. The facts of our ordinary consciousness therefore live in our spiritual-soul being, and we perceive them by holding up the mirror of physicality to that which is within us but which we cannot perceive spiritually—just as we cannot perceive ourselves when there is no mirror in front of us. That is the fact of the matter. Only in the case of the body, we are not dealing with a passive mirroring apparatus, but with something in which processes take place. You can therefore imagine that, instead of the mirror being occupied in order to produce the reflection, all kinds of processes must take place behind it. The comparison is sufficient to truly characterize the relationship between our spiritual-soul being and our body. Let us therefore bear in mind that for everything we experience in our everyday consciousness, the physical body is the corresponding mirroring apparatus. Behind or, for my part, beneath these ordinary facts of consciousness lie the things that flood up into our ordinary soul life and which we call the facts that live in the hidden depths of the soul.

Some of this is experienced by the poet, the artist, who, if he is a real poet, a real artist, knows that what he lives out in his poetry does not come to him in the ordinary way, as one otherwise thinks logically, or through external perceptions; but he knows that things emerge from unknown depths and are really there, without first being put together by the forces of ordinary consciousness. But other things also emerge from these hidden depths of the soul. These are the things that play a part in ordinary consciousness without us really knowing their origin in ordinary life.

But yesterday we saw that we can also descend deeper, to the realm of semi-consciousness, the realm of dreams, and we know that dreams bring up something from the hidden depths of the soul that we cannot bring up in a simple, ordinary way through the effort of our consciousness. When something that a person has long since buried in their memory appears before their soul in a dream image, as happens over and over again, it is because in the vast majority of cases, the person would never be able to bring these things up from the hidden recesses of their soul life through mere reflection, because ordinary consciousness does not reach that far. But what is no longer accessible to ordinary consciousness is very accessible to the subconscious. And in that semi-conscious state that exists in dreams, many things that have remained, so to speak, that have been stored away, are brought up; they strike up. Only those things come up that have not actually had an effect in the way that things that have sunk down from experience into the hidden depths of the soul usually have an effect. We become healthy or sick, ill-humored or cheerful, but not in the way we experience this in the ordinary course of our lives. Rather, it is a physical state caused by what has sunk down from our life experience, what can no longer be remembered, but which works there in our soul life and makes us what we become in the course of our lives. Many lives would become very understandable to us if we knew what had sunk into the hidden depths in the course of life. We would be able to understand many people better in their thirties, forties, and fifties, we would be able to know why they have this or that disposition, why they feel so deeply dissatisfied in this or that relationship without being able to say what causes this discontent, if we could trace the life of such a person back to childhood. We would then gain an insight into how parents and the rest of the environment have influenced the child, what has been caused in terms of suffering and joy, pleasure and pain, what may have been completely forgotten but still affects the person's overall mood. For what rolls down from our consciousness and sinks into the hidden depths of our soul life continues to work there. Now, the peculiar thing is that what works in this way first works on ourselves, that it does not, so to speak, leave the sphere of our personality. Therefore, when clairvoyant consciousness descends there—and this already happens through imagination, through what is called imaginative knowledge—to where the things that have now been characterized reign in the subconscious, then the human being actually always finds himself. He finds what is surging and living within himself. And that is good. For in true self-knowledge, human beings must actually get to know themselves in such a way that they truly see and get to know all the driving forces at work within them.

When a person penetrates into the subconscious with clairvoyant consciousness through the exercises of imaginative knowledge and is not attentive to the fact that he initially finds only himself there with all that he is and all that is at work within him, then he is exposed to the most manifold errors; for in a way comparable to the ordinary facts of consciousness, one is by no means aware that one is dealing only with oneself. At some stage, the possibility arises of having, let us say, visions, of seeing figures before one's eyes that are completely new compared to what one has otherwise come to know through life experience. This can happen. But if one were to imagine that these must be things from higher worlds, one would be making a serious mistake. These things do not present themselves in the same way as the things of inner life present themselves to ordinary consciousness. When one has a headache, that is a fact of ordinary consciousness. One knows that the pain is located in one's own head. If you have stomach pain, you perceive it within yourself. When you descend into the depths that we call the hidden depths of the soul, you can be completely within yourself, and yet what you encounter can present itself as if it were outside of you. Let us take a striking example: suppose someone had the most ardent desire to be the reincarnation of Mary Magdalene. I have already told you that I have counted twenty-four Magdalenas in my life. But let us also assume that he does not admit this desire to himself at first: we do not need to admit our desires to ourselves with our upper consciousness, that is not necessary. So someone reads the story of Mary Magdalene in the Bible and likes it very much. Now the desire to be Mary Magdalene can immediately arise in his subconscious. In his conscious mind, there is nothing else but his liking for this character. In his subconscious, which means that the person is unaware of it, the desire to be Mary Magdalene immediately takes root. Now this person goes through life. As long as nothing else happens, his conscious mind, that is, what he is aware of, likes Mary Magdalene. In his subconscious is the burning desire to be Mary Magdalene herself, but he knows nothing of this. So it does not embarrass him. He acts according to the facts of his ordinary consciousness; he can go through the world without having to face in his conscious mind such a terrible fact as the desire to be Mary Magdalene. But let us assume that such a person comes to achieve something in his subconscious through some manipulation of this or that occult means of striving. Then he descends into his subconscious. He does not need to perceive this fact, “in me is the desire to be Mary Magdalene,” in the same way that one perceives a headache. If he were to perceive the desire to be Mary Magdalene, then he would be able to act rationally. He would behave toward this desire as one behaves toward pain and would try to get rid of it. But this is not what happens when an irregular intrusion takes place. Instead, this desire presents itself outside the person's personality as a fact; the vision presents itself: You are Mary Magdalene. — It stands there before the person, this fact is projected. And then, given the state of human development today, a person is no longer able to control such a fact with their ego. With proper, good, and absolutely careful training, this cannot happen, because then the ego goes along into all spheres. But as soon as something happens without the ego going along with it, it appears as an objective external fact. The observer believes he remembers what happened in and around Mary Magdalene and feels identical with this Mary Magdalene. That is entirely possible.

I emphasize this possibility today because I want you to see that only careful training, only carefulness in finding your way into occultism, can save you from falling into error. If you know that you must first see a whole world before you, that you must perceive facts around you, not something that you relate to yourself, that is within you but appears as a world tableau, if you know that you are doing well to regard what you see at first merely as the projection of your own inner life, then you have a good means of avoiding errors on this path. That is the very best thing: to regard everything at first as facts that arise from ourselves. Most of the time, facts arise from our desires, vanities, our ambition, in short, from the qualities associated with human egoism.

These things are mainly projected outward, and you may now ask the question: How can one escape these errors? How can one save oneself from them? — One cannot actually save oneself from them through the ordinary facts of consciousness. The error arises precisely from the fact that, while we are confronted with a world tableau, so to speak, we cannot escape from ourselves, we are completely entangled within ourselves. From this you can already conclude that what really matters is that we somehow escape from ourselves, that we learn to distinguish in some way: here you have one vision and here another. Both visions are outside of us. One is perhaps only the projection of a desire, the other is a fact. But they are not as different as they are in ordinary life when someone else says they have a headache and you yourself have a headache. Projected out into space in this way, your own inner world is like someone else's. How do we arrive at a distinction?

We must learn to distinguish within the occult realm; we must learn to distinguish the true impression from the false, even though they are all mixed together and all appear to be equally true. It is as if we were looking into the physical world and there were imaginary trees standing next to real trees: we would not be able to distinguish between them. Just as there are real trees and imaginary trees, there are real facts that exist outside of us and facts that arise only within us. How do we learn to distinguish between these two intertwined realms?

We do not learn to distinguish between them through our consciousness at first. If one remains only within the realm of imagination, there is actually no possibility of distinction, but the possibility lies only in the slow occult education of the soul. As we progress further and further, we also learn to truly distinguish, that is, to do in the occult realm what we would have to do if imaginary and real trees were side by side. We can walk through the imaginary trees; we bump into the real ones. Something similar, but now of course only as a spiritual fact, must also confront us in the occult realm. Now, if we proceed correctly, we can learn to distinguish between truth and falsehood in this realm in a relatively simple way, but not through ideas, but through a decision of the will. This decision of the will can come about in the following way: When we look back over our lives, we find two clearly distinguishable groups of events. We often find that this or that, which we succeed or fail at, is quite simply related to our abilities. We find it understandable that we do not succeed in something because we are not particularly clever in that area. Where, on the other hand, we expect ourselves to be capable, we find it quite understandable that we succeed in this or that. Perhaps we do not always need to see so clearly the connection between what we do and our abilities. There is also a more vague way of seeing this connection. For example, if someone is struck by this or that stroke of fate later in life, they can look back and say to themselves: I was a person who did little to make myself energetic—or: I was always a reckless fellow. On the other hand, he will also be able to say: “It is not immediately obvious to me how my failure is connected to the things I have done; but it is obvious to me that a careless, lazy person cannot succeed in everything in the same way as a conscientious and hard-working person.” - In short, there are things where we find it understandable that our failures or successes happen the way they do, but with other things, we don't see the connection and say to ourselves: Even though we actually have this or that ability that should have allowed us to succeed in one thing or another, we didn't succeed. There is also the type of success or failure where we cannot initially see how it is related to our abilities. That is one thing. The other is that we can sometimes say about certain things that otherwise strike us externally in the objective world as strokes of fate: Well, it seems fair to us, because we actually provided all the preconditions for it. But there are other things about which we may think: They happen without us being able to find anything that we can point to as the cause. So we have two types of experiences: those that originate from ourselves and in which we can see the connection with what we ourselves have as abilities; and the other type, which we have also characterized. And again, in the case of external experiences, there are events where we cannot say that we brought about the conditions for them, as opposed to others where we know that we did bring about the conditions.

Now we can take a little look around our lives. There is an experiment that is useful for everyone, which consists of the following. We could compile a list of all the things in our lives for which we cannot see the causes, i.e., things that have succeeded and about which we have to say: Once again, blind luck has struck—things for which we cannot take any credit for their success. But we also include cases of failure that we remember. Then we consider external events that have happened to us by chance, about which we know nothing of any motivation. And now we do the following experiment: We construct, as it were, an artificial human being who is just such that he has brought about by his own abilities all those things that we do not know why we have succeeded in doing. So if we have once succeeded in something that requires wisdom, while we are stupid, we construct a person who is particularly wise in this field and who must have succeeded in this matter. Or for an external event, we do it this way: Let's say a brick falls on our head. At first, we cannot see the causes, but we imagine a person who causes this brick to fall on his head in the following way: First, he runs up onto the roof and pulls the brick loose just enough so that he only has to wait a little while for it to fall; then he runs quickly down, and the brick hits him. And that is what we do with certain events that we know full well we did not bring about ourselves according to our ordinary consciousness, events that even happen very much against our will.

Let us assume that someone has hit us once in our life. To make it less painful, we can place such an event back into our childhood. Let us imagine that we somehow hired someone to beat us up. We would therefore have done everything to get beaten up. So we construct a person who takes on everything that we cannot understand. Yes, you see, if you want to make progress in occultism, you have to do some things that run counter to what are ordinary facts. If you only do what seems reasonable, you will not get anywhere in occultism, because what relates to higher worlds may at first appear foolish to ordinary people. So it does no harm if the method itself appears foolish to the outwardly sober-minded. So we construct this person. At first it seems only a grotesque fact to construct this person as something whose purpose one may not understand, but everyone who tries this will make a strange discovery about themselves, namely that they no longer want to part with this person they have created, that he begins to interest them. If you try it, you will see: you cannot get away from this artificial person; he lives within you. And strangely enough, he not only lives within us, but transforms himself within us, and transforms himself so strongly that in the end he actually becomes something completely different from what he was before. He becomes something that we cannot help but say to ourselves: It is something that is inside us. This is an experience that everyone can have. From what has now been described, which is not the person originally imagined, but what has become of him, one can say: It is something that is inside us. Now it is precisely this that has, so to speak, caused the otherwise seemingly causeless things in our lives, so that we find within ourselves something that really brings forth the otherwise inexplicable. In other words, what I have described to you is the way not merely to peer into one's own soul life and find something, but it is a way out of the soul life into the environment. For what fails us does not remain with us, but belongs to the environment. In this way, we have extracted something from the environment that does not correspond to the facts of our consciousness, but presents itself as if it were within us. Then one gets the feeling that one does have something to do with what seems so causeless in real life. In this way, one gains a sense of connection with one's destiny, with what is called karma. This soul experiment provides a real way to experience karma within oneself in a certain way.

You may say: Yes, what you are saying, I don't really understand. — But if you say that, then you don't understand what you think you don't understand, but rather you don't understand something that is actually very easy to understand, something you just don't think about. It is not possible for anyone who has not carried out the experiment to understand these things; only those who have carried it out can understand them. So these things are nothing more than the description of an experiment that anyone can do and experience. Everyone comes to realize that there is something living inside them that is connected to their karma. If someone knew this from the outset, then there would be no need to give them a rule to follow in order to arrive at this realization. It is perfectly normal that someone who has not yet done the experiment does not understand this. However, this is not a matter of understanding a message about something our soul can do. When our soul takes such paths, it becomes accustomed not only to living within itself, in its desires and cravings, but also to relating external events to itself, to taking real external events into account. Our soul becomes accustomed to this. It is precisely the things we did not desire ourselves that we have constructed into what has happened. And when we come to face our entire fate in such a way that we accept it with serenity, that we think of the things we usually grumble and rebel against: We gladly accept it, for we have imposed it upon ourselves — then a state of mind develops in which, when it comes to distinguishing the true from the false in the depths of our soul, we can distinguish the true from the false with absolute certainty. For then what is true and what is false emerges with wonderful clarity and certainty.

If one looks at any vision with the spiritual eye and can remove it, conjure it away, so to speak, by the mere power of one's gaze, by removing all the forces that one feels within oneself and has come to know, then it is a mere phantasm. But if you cannot remove it in this way, but at most can remove what reminds you of the outer sensory world, i.e., what is actually visionary, while the spiritual remains as a solid fact, then it is true. But you cannot make this distinction until you have done what has been described. Therefore, without the education described, there is no certainty in distinguishing between true and false on the supersensible plane. The essential point of the soul experiment is this: with ordinary consciousness, we are actually always present in what we desire. Through this soul experiment, we accustom ourselves to regard as our will what we do not desire at all in our ordinary consciousness, what we usually actually dislike. One may have reached a certain degree of inner development in a certain respect; but if one does not counteract what lives in the soul as desires, cravings, sympathies, and antipathies with such a soul experiment, then one will make mistake after mistake everywhere. The greatest mistake in the field of the Theosophical Society was made in the first place by H. P. Blavatsky, who directed her spiritual gaze to the field where Christ is to be sought, and because she had in her desires, in her cravings, in short, in her higher consciousness, she had a constant antipathy, even a passionate aversion to everything Christian and Hebrew, while she had a preference for everything that spreads on earth in the way of spiritual culture except the Christian and Hebrew. And because she never went through what has been described today, a completely false conception of Christ arose before her, and that is quite natural. And from her it passed on to her closest disciples and is still being carried on today, only grossed up to the point of grotesqueness. These things go up to the highest spheres. One can see many things on the occult plane, but the ability to discern is something else than mere seeing, mere perception. That must be sharply emphasized.

Now the question is this: when we dive down into the hidden depths of our souls — and every clairvoyant must do this — we first come to ourselves, basically. And we must get to know ourselves by really making that transition, by first having before us a world of which Lucifer and Ahriman promise us at any time that they will give us the kingdoms of the world. That is, our inner being is placed before us, and the devil says: This is the objective world. This is precisely the temptation that even Christ did not escape. The illusions of our own inner being were placed before us. Now Christ was so strong through his energy that he recognized at first glance that this was not a real world, but that it was within us. It is only through this inner world, in which we must distinguish between two elements, one of which we can remove—namely, our inner self—while the other remains, that we emerge through the hidden depths of our soul life into the objective supersensible world. And just as our spiritual-soul core must use the mirror of our physical body for external perception, for what are the ordinary facts of consciousness, so must human beings, in relation to their spiritual-soul core, use the spiritual supersensible facts of their etheric body as a mirroring apparatus. The higher sense organs, if we can call them that, appear in the astral body; but what lives in them must be reflected in the etheric body, just as our spiritual-soul life, which we perceive in ordinary life, is reflected in the physical body. We must now learn to handle our etheric body. And now it is quite natural, since we are not usually aware of our etheric body, but it represents what actually animates us, that we must first get to know it ourselves before we can learn to recognize what comes into us from the supersensible outer world and can be reflected in this etheric body.

What we experience in this way, when we enter the hidden depths of our soul life and first experience, so to speak, ourselves, the projection of our desires, is very similar to the life that is usually called Kamaloka. It differs from Kamaloka life only in that that while in ordinary life we advance to the point of being imprisoned within ourselves—for that is what it must be called—our physical body is still there, to which we can always return, whereas in Kamaloka the physical body is gone, even a part of the etheric body is gone, the part that can initially reflect us at all. But it is the general life ether around us that serves as the mirroring tool and reflects everything that is within us. The Kamaloka period is such that our inner world, which is expressed in all our desires, cravings, and everything we feel and hum within ourselves, builds itself up around us as our objective world. It is important that we realize that Kamaloka life is initially characterized by our being locked up within ourselves, and that this imprisonment within ourselves is the prison, all the more locked at first because we cannot return to any physical life to which our whole life relates. Only when we live through this Kamaloka life in such a way that we gradually come to realize—and this realization comes only gradually—that everything that exists cannot be removed from the world except by feeling ourselves in a different way than through mere desires and so on, only then is our Kamaloka prison broken open.

What does that mean? Let us assume that someone dies with a certain desire. The desire belongs to what is projected out into the Kamaloka realm, which is then built up around him in various forms. As long as the desire lives in him, it is impossible for him to open himself to the Kamaloka life with this desire. Only when they realize that this desire can only be satisfied if it is eliminated, if it is given up, if it is no longer desired, if this desire is torn from the soul, that is, if one behaves in the opposite way, only then, together with the desire, is everything that imprisons us in Kamaloka gradually torn from the soul. Only then do we enter the realm between death and a new birth, which we have called the devachanic, which can also be reached through clairvoyance once one has recognized that which belongs only to oneself. In clairvoyance, this is achieved through a certain stage of maturity; in Kamaloka, it is achieved through time, simply because time torments us so much through our own desires that they are overcome by its duration. This shatters what has been deluded us into believing that it is the world and its glory.

The world of supersensible real facts is what is commonly called Devachan. How does this world of supersensible real facts appear to us? Here on this earth, human beings can only speak of Devachan because, in clairvoyance, when the self is truly overcome, we already enter the world of supersensible facts that exist objectively, and these facts coincide with what exists in Devachan. Now, the most important characteristic of this devachanic world is that moral facts no longer differ from physical facts, from physical laws, but that moral laws coincide with physical laws. What does that mean? Well, in the ordinary physical world, the sun shines on the just and the unjust. Those who have committed a crime can perhaps be put in prison, but the physical sun does not darken. That means that in the physical world there is a moral law and a physical law, and they follow two completely different paths. This is not the case in Devachan. not at all; but there it is so that everything that arises from morality, from intellectual wisdom, from aesthetic beauty and the like, is such that it leads to creation, and that everything that arises from immorality, from intellectual untruth, from aesthetic ugliness, leads to decay, to destruction. And there, the laws of nature are really such that the sun does not shine on the just and the unjust, but, if we may speak figuratively, it really darkens before the unjust. The just person who passes through Devachan therefore has spiritual sunshine there, that is, the influence of the fertilizing forces that advance him in life. The deceitful or ugly person passes through in such a way that the spiritual forces withdraw from him. There, arrangements are possible that are not possible here. When two people walk side by side here, one righteous and one unrighteous, the sun cannot shine on one and not on the other. But there, in the spiritual world, it is absolutely true that the quality of a person determines how the spiritual forces affect him. This means that the laws of nature and the spiritual laws do not follow two separate paths there, but the same paths. This is the essential point: in the devachanic world, the laws of nature coincide with the moral and intellectual laws.

The following happens as a result: when a person enters the devachanic world and lives through it, everything that remains from their last life is within them: the just and the unjust, the good and the evil, the aesthetically beautiful and the ugly, the true and the false. But all of this has the effect of immediately taking hold of the laws of nature there. Thus, there is a law which we could describe in the physical world as follows: someone who has stolen or lied and goes out into the sun will not be illuminated by it and will gradually fall ill due to the lack of sunlight. Or let us suppose that someone who has lied is struck dumb in the physical world. This would be comparable to what happens in the devachanic world. Something happens to the person who has done this or that in relation to his spiritual soul, so that the law of nature corresponds absolutely to the law of the spirit. Therefore, when the further development of this person through the devachanic world takes place in this way, he gradually progresses further and further, and more and more of these qualities become established in him, so that what he then is corresponds to the qualities he brought with him from his previous life. Let us assume that someone spends two hundred years in Devachan after having lied a great deal in a previous life. He lives through this Devachan, but the spirits of truth withdraw from him. What dies in him revives in another soul that has spoken the truth.

Or let us assume that someone passes through Devachan with a pronounced quality of vanity that he has not discarded. This vanity is an extremely foul-smelling exhalation in Devachan, and certain spiritual beings avoid such an individuality, which is surrounded by the foul-smelling exhalation of ambition or vanity. This is not actually meant figuratively. Vanity and ambition are extremely foul-smelling vapors in Devachan, and as a result, the beneficial influence of certain beings, who then withdraw, cannot come about. It is like a plant that is supposed to grow in a cellar, when it can only thrive in sunlight. The vain person cannot thrive. Now he grows up under the influence of this characteristic. When he reincarnates, he does not have the strength to incorporate the good influences. Instead of developing certain organs in a healthy way, he develops them as a diseased organ system. How we become as human beings in life is shown not only by our physical conditions, but also by our moral and intellectual conditions. Only when we are out of the spiritual plan do the laws of nature and the laws of the spirit go side by side. Between death and a new birth, however, they are one; the laws of nature and the laws of the spirit are one, they are a whole. And the forces of nature are implanted in our soul, which have a destructive effect when they are the result of immoral deeds in previous lives, but which have a fertilizing effect when they are the result of moral deeds. This applies not only to our inner configuration, but also to what affects us from outside as our karma.

The essence of Devachan is therefore that there is no distinction between natural and spiritual law. And so it is for the clairvoyant who truly penetrates the supersensible worlds. These supersensible worlds are very different from the worlds that prevail here on the physical plane. It is simply not possible for the clairvoyant to make the distinction that the materialistic mind makes when it says: That is merely an objective law of nature. Behind this objective natural law there is always a spiritual law, and the clairvoyant cannot, for example, walk across a parched meadow or a flooded area, cannot perceive a volcanic eruption, without thinking that behind what are natural facts there are spiritual powers, spiritual beings. For him, a volcanic eruption is at the same time a moral act, even if the morality lies on a completely different plane than one might initially imagine. People who always confuse the physical world with the higher worlds will say: Yes, if innocent people are destroyed by a volcanic eruption, how can one assume that this is a moral act? Such a judgment would be as cruelly philistine as the opposite judgment, namely, to regard the eruption as a punishment from God precisely for the people sitting around the volcano. Both judgments can only be made from the philistine standpoint of the physical plane. That is not the point; it can be a matter of much more universal things. The people who live on the slopes of a volcano and whose possessions are destroyed by it may be completely innocent in relation to this life. They will then be compensated later. This does not mean that we should be hard-hearted and not help them — that would again be a philistine interpretation of the facts — but it is the case that, for example, with volcanic eruptions, there is the fact that in the course of the Earth's development, certain things happen through human beings that hold back the whole of human evolution. And it is precisely good gods who must work for compensation, so that in fact compensation is sometimes created in such natural phenomena. The connection between these things can sometimes only be seen in occult depths. In this way, compensation can be created for what is done by human beings themselves against the course of the spirit in the real development of the human race. Every event, even if it is merely a natural event, has a moral aspect in its underlying causes. And it is spiritual beings in the higher worlds who are the bearers of this morality that lies behind physical facts. So if you simply imagine a world in which it is not possible to speak of a separation between natural and spiritual laws, a world in which, in other words, justice reigns as a natural law, then you have the devachanic world. Therefore, in this devachanic world, punishable acts do not need to be punished by any arbitrary power, but with the same necessity with which fire ignites combustible materials, the immoral destroys itself and the moral promotes itself.

Thus we see that the innermost characteristic, the innermost nerve, so to speak, of existence is completely different for the different worlds. We cannot form any idea of the individual worlds unless we can grasp these peculiarities, which are radically different for the individual worlds. And so we can characterize the physical world, Kamaloka, and Devachan as follows. The physical world is such that in it the laws of nature and the laws of the spirit are two parallel series of facts; the Kamaloka world is such that in it the human being is enclosed within himself as in the prison of his own being; the Devachanic world is the pure opposite of the physical world: the laws of nature and the laws of the spirit are one and the same. These are the three characteristics, and if you look at them closely and try to feel how radically different a world is from ours, in which moral, intellectual, and aesthetic laws are also natural laws, then you will have a sense of what it is like in the Devachanic world. When we encounter an ugly or beautiful face in our physical world, we have no right to treat the ugly person as if he were somehow spiritually or emotionally repugnant, just as we have no right to regard the beautiful person as if we must immediately elevate him spiritually or emotionally. In Devachan, it is completely different. There we encounter no ugliness that is not deserved, and a person who, through his previous incarnation, has been forced to bear an ugly face in some present incarnation, but who strives in this life to be true and honest, it is impossible that he will meet us in Devachan with an ugly form. for he will certainly have transformed his ugliness into beauty. But it is equally true that those who are deceitful, vain, and ambitious wander around in ugly forms in Devachan. However, there is something else that is also true. We do not see that an ugly face in ordinary physical life continually takes something away from itself, or that a beautiful face continually gives something to itself. In Devachan, it is like this: ugliness is the element of continuous destruction, and we cannot perceive anything beautiful that we do not have to assume is the work of continuous promotion, of continuous fertilization. We must therefore feel quite differently about the Devachanic or mental world than we do about the physical world.

And it is necessary that you distinguish between these feelings, that you see the essential, that you do not merely acquire the external description of these things, but that you take with you feelings and sensations towards what is described in spiritual science. If you try to raise yourself to the feeling of a world in which the moral, the beautiful, the intellectually true appear with the necessity of a natural law, then you have the feeling of the devachanic world. And that is why we must gather so much, so to speak, and work so much, so that we can finally melt the things we have worked out into one feeling. It is impossible for anyone to easily attain a real understanding of what must gradually be made clear to the world through spiritual science. There are certainly many people today who say: Oh, why do we have to learn so many things in spiritual science? Are we supposed to become students again? Surely it is only a matter of feeling. — It does matter, but what matters is the right feeling, which must first be worked out! This is true of everything. After all, it would be more pleasant for a painter if he did not first have to learn the individual movements of his art and if he did not first have to slowly bring the picture onto the canvas, but only had to breathe in order to have his work finished before him! Now, the peculiar thing about our world is that the more things tend toward the spiritual, the more difficult it is for people to understand that mere breathing is not enough! When it comes to music, hardly anyone would admit that everyone is a composer who has never learned anything; that goes without saying. When it comes to painting, it is still somewhat accepted, although to a lesser extent. When it comes to poetry, even less so; otherwise there would not be so many poets in our time. For there is actually no time as unpoetic as ours, but there are so many poets. You don't need to have learned it; you just need to be able to write, which of course has nothing to do with poetry – although you do need to be able to spell – you just need to be able to express your thoughts correctly! And to philosophize, you need even less! Because it is taken for granted that everyone today can readily judge everything that has to do with their view of the world and life, because everyone has their own point of view. And so we experience again and again that it counts for nothing when someone has arrived at some insight or discovery in the world through all kinds of inner work. Today it is taken for granted that the viewpoint of someone who has worked long and hard to learn even a little about the secrets of the world is equal to the viewpoint of someone who has simply decided to have a viewpoint. Therefore, basically everyone today is a person with a worldview. And now even a theosophist! In some people's opinion, even less seems to be necessary for this; for it is said to be sufficient to recognize not even the three principles of the Theosophical Society, but only the first of them, and that entirely in its own way! But since this really requires nothing more than professing, with more or less sincerity, to be a loving person—whether one is or not is irrelevant—then one is simply a theosophist and has the right attitude! So we continually descend, when we begin to appreciate the standpoint and the power of judgment in music and through things that demand less and less, until we reach theosophy! For there it is enough—what would not be considered sufficient in painting—that one merely needs to breathe: We are laying the foundation for universal human brotherhood; we are theosophists! You don't need to learn anything else! But what matters is that we work with all our energy so that what we achieve is ultimately gathered into feelings which, through their coloring, give us the highest and truest knowledge. Struggle your way through, by working first, to such a feeling that follows the impression of a world in which the laws of nature and spirit coincide. If you work seriously—no matter how hard you may have worked through this or that theory—it will make an impression on the devachanic world. If you have not merely fantasized about a feeling, but have worked it out, if you have carefully developed it over years of work, then this feeling, then these nuances of feeling, have a strength that carries you further than these nuances alone can reach; then they have become true through serious, diligent study. Then you are not far from the point where the nuance of perception springs up and what Devachan is really lies before you. For when the nuance of perception has been truly worked out, it becomes a faculty of perception. Therefore, if work is done truthfully and honestly in our branches, based solely on honesty, and if it is practiced patiently, then these workplaces are what they should be: schools for leading people up into the spheres of clairvoyance. And only those who cannot expect this or do not want to cooperate can have a false view of these things.