Original Impulses for the Science of the Spirit
GA 96
29 January 1906, Berlin
I. Original Impulses for the Science of the Spirit
Again and again we see how difficult it is for people today to understand theosophical life. I therefore intend to present some general ideas on the subject. The nature of theosophy is such that everyone who feels drawn to it hopes it will fulfil his deepest longing with regard to the spirit. Yet if we want to know the right core idea of theosophy for the present time, if we want to fill the whole of our conscious mind with the idea that the spiritual principle is something very real, then it is indeed time that we respect the dignity of the individual who is our neighbour. We acknowledge the individual principle, for as human beings endowed with sentient souls we would not permit ourselves to injure the outer person of someone else, nor would we permit ourselves to encroach on his personal freedom. But we have not yet reached the point and are still far from being able to extend such tolerance to the inmost reality of the human being. We are as yet far from being aware—at most we are so in theory, but certainly not in practice—that sentience and thought, the spiritual principle altogether, is something very real. Surely this is something you all understand. Everyone understands today that it is utterly and absolutely real when I slap someone. But people do not find it so easy to believe that it is something real to send bad thoughts to someone. We have to be aware that the bad thought I have about someone I meet—antipathy, hatred—is like a slap in the face to his soul. A negative inner response, feelings of hatred and lack of love for others are truly the same as the ordinary external injury inflicted on someone. It is only when you know this that you become a theosophist.
If we let ourselves be wholly aware of this, if we understand that the spirit in ourselves is a reality, we have grasped the idea of theosophy, and such thinking will have an important consequence. People who are members of a cultured society will not slap each other in the face, they will not cause bodily harm to one another. But I need not tell you the thoughts, the opinions held by people sitting side by side in our cultured society. You know it. It is the function of the Theosophical Society to make people aware of the need for sympathy and the inviolability of the person. If you have seven people sitting together in our present day and age—a time when people are above all concerned to have opinions, views—they will have thirteen opinions, and because of those thirteen opinions they would really like to split up into thirteen factions. That is the consequence of differences in opinion. The theosophical movement must replace this difference of opinion with the deep-down idea of brotherhood. We only grasp theosophy, this idea of brotherhood, fully when we are able to sit together in brotherhood even if other thoughts we have show the greatest possible differences. We want not only to respect and honour the individual nature of the other person, wholly aware of and acknowledging his full human dignity, but also to acknowledge to the very depth of our souls the inner life of our fellow human being.
This means, however, that we have to remain sitting on our chairs and stay with the other person even if opinions differ to an extreme degree. No one should leave the theosophical community, the theosophical brotherhood, because of a difference of opinion. This is indeed the special quality of theosophists, that they remain brothers even if they are not of the same opinion. Unless we come together in the spirit of brotherhood we shall not be able to bring a core idea of theosophy to realization. For this alone makes it possible to let the deepest secrets that lie dormant in people's souls emerge, abilities that lie deep down in our soul as though asleep. We have to understand that we can work together with others even if there are fundamental differences of opinion among us.
It was not for nothing that the Theosophical Society was founded in the last third of the 19th century.1The Theosophical Society had been founded by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky and Henry Steel Olcott in New York in 1875. The way in which it seeks the spirit does differ markedly from those of endeavours in which others seek to gain proof of human immortality. There is a big difference in the search for the eternal as one sees it in the Theosophical Society and the search for the eternal in other movements that seek the spirit. The theosophical movement is in reality nothing but a popular form of the occult brotherhoods that existed secretly everywhere in the world through the millennia. I have mentioned before that the most outstanding, the greatest brotherhood founded in Europe in the 14th century, was the Rosicrucian brotherhood. This Rosicrucian brotherhood is really the source, the starting point for all other brotherhoods and has preserved the culture of Europe. Occult wisdom was taught in strict secrecy in these brotherhoods. To define the aims of the individuals who met in those many different brotherhoods I would have to speak of the great, sublime wisdom taught and of the study of this wisdom in those occult brotherhoods, with the Rosicrucian brotherhood the most outstanding among them.
The teaching and the work done in those brotherhoods enabled human beings to become aware of the eternal core of their being. They enabled human beings to make a connection with the higher world, with the worlds that are above our own, and to look for guidance to our elders, for the guidance of those who lived among us and had reached a level which all of you will reach at a later time. We call them the ‘elders’ because they have hastened ahead of general evolution and reached this high level before us. We thus have the certainty of the eternal core of our being, and of its awakening so that human beings will be able to gain sight of the eternal just as ordinary people do of the world perceived through the senses. To achieve this, they must follow in the footsteps of the elders who live among us everywhere. These elders or ‘masters’, the great guides of humanity, have always been the most important leading figures among humanity, always the most important leading figures in the sublime occult wisdom through which man becomes aware of the eternal core of his being. Up to the middle of the 19th century people wishing to be received into such an occult brotherhood had to go through stringent examinations and trials. Admission would only be granted to individuals whose character guaranteed that the sublime wisdom taught would never be used for base purposes. They also had to have the kind of intelligence that ensured that they would understand anything given to them in the occult brotherhoods in the right way and give it the right meaning.
People had to meet these conditions, giving a full guarantee that they were in a position and had the right attitude to receive the most sublime teaching in life if they wanted to be members of such a brotherhood. People may be little inclined to believe it, but everything truly great that happened up to the French Revolution and into the 19th century came from those occult brotherhoods. People were not aware how much they were influenced by the streams that came from the occult brotherhoods. Let me describe a scene to show how those occult brotherhoods worked in this world. Let us take the following scene. A highly gifted, important man is quite unexpectedly visited by a seemingly unknown person. This unknown person knows how to arrange things so that a conversation develops between him and the important person, a statesman, for example. All of this in the most natural way and quite by ‘chance’, though we have to put the word ‘chance’ in quotes. The conversation is not just about anything, for in the course of it things are said that without his realizing it enter into the mind, the intellect of the individual who is being visited. Such a discussion, which may perhaps take no more than three hours, then brings about a complete change in the individual concerned. Believe it or not, but that is how many great ideas that played a major role in the world were implanted in human minds. Voltaire's great ideas were stimulated in this way, and he probably had no idea who it was that he spoke to, someone apparently utterly insignificant who nevertheless had important things to tell him. Some of Rousseau's2Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712–78), French philosopher, educationalist and author. basic ideas were established in this way; and so were Lessing's.3Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim (1729–81), German writer.
This kind of influence coming from occult brotherhoods gradually died away in the course of the 19th century. The 19th century was of necessity the century of materialism. The occult brotherhoods had withdrawn. The great masters of wisdom and of harmony in the sentient soul4Figures of supreme importance in human evolution. These sublime spirits have already walked the road which the rest of humanity still has to travel. They are now working as ‘the great masters of wisdom and harmony in man's inner responses.’ (From a letter Rudolf Steiner wrote to a member, Berlin, 20 January 1905). See also lecture of 24 August 1911 in Wonders of the World (GA 129); lecture of 26 December 1909 in Festivals of the Seasons (GA 117); The Christian Mystery. Novalis the Seer, Berlin 22 Dec. 1908 (GA 108). withdrew to the East, if we may use a technical term. They no longer influenced the West. And then something of special significance happened in the West. Let us consider this, so that we may get a clear understanding of the significance of the Theosophical Movement.
It was in 1841 that people who were members of the most secret society realized that something important was about to happen in Europe. To contain the flood waters of materialism, it was necessary to direct a stream of spiritual life into humanity. This was the time when a certain difference of opinion arose, initially among occultists. Some would say that humanity was not yet ripe to receive spiritual facts and experiences, and that the system of silence should be maintained. These were the conservatives. The system has much to be said for it, for the dissemination of occult truths holds great dangers. Others would say that the danger of materialism was too great and something had to be done against it, so that at least the most elementary knowledge should be conveyed to humanity. But—in what form? People had completely got out of the habit of grasping the spirit in its true form, they were no longer able to rise into higher worlds in any real way, they no longer had an idea of them, so that such a world actually no longer existed for them. How could one teach a human race which only understood materialism and show that there is also the spirit? Why was it so important to help humanity gain awareness of the world of the spirit?
Here we touch on one of the important secrets that lie dormant in our age. I have indicated on a number of occasions why we have a Theosophical Movement, and why it is needed. Anyone able to look into the world of the spirit knows that everything which exists in outer material terms has its origin in the spirit, comes from the spirit. There is nothing material that does not come from the spirit. The health and sickness people know in outer terms thus also comes from their way of looking at life, from their thoughts. The saying ‘What you think today you'll be tomorrow’ does indeed hold true. You have to understand that when people have bad, corrupt ways of thinking in one age, the next generation and the next age will have to pay for this physically. It is the truth that lies in the saying of visiting the iniquities of the fathers upon the children for many generations.5Exodus 20:5 The fact that people began to think in such coarse material terms in the 19th century, turning their minds away from anything spiritual, did have its consequences. What people thought then will be fulfilled. And it will not be long before strange diseases and epidemics will appear in our human world. Nerviness, as we call it, will take on serious forms not more than half a century from now. Just as there was the plague once, and cholera, and leprosy in medieval times, so there will be epidemics in the inner life, diseases of the nervous system taking epidemic form. These are the very real consequences of the circumstance that people lack a spiritual core to their life. Where someone has awareness of this vital core at the centre, he will grow healthy under the influence of a sound, true and wise way of seeing the world. But materialism denies the soul, denies the spirit; it hollows people out, focusing them on the periphery, on the outside. Health is only possible if the inmost core of the human being is spiritual and true. The very real disease that follows when the inner human being is hollowed out—that is the epidemic in mind and spirit which we now face.
We have a Theosophical Society in order that people may be given awareness of the spiritual core of their being. It exists above all to bring health to humanity, and not in order that one person or another knows something or other. It is not a matter of you knowing—I mean merely knowing—that reincarnation and karma exist. What matters is that these ideas become the very life blood of the soul, the spiritual core of our being, for they are sound. It is not a matter of proving or disproving them, nor of founding a science where reincarnation and karma are presented in strictly mathematical terms. There is only one proof of what is taught in the science of the spirit, and that is life itself. The teaching of spiritual science will prove to be true when healthy life develops under its influence. This will be the proof of what is taught in theosophy. If you want to have proof of theosophy, you must live theosophy; then it will show itself to be true. Every step and every day must gradually give us proof of the truths taught in the science of the spirit.
This, then, was the reason why a Theosophical Society came into being. But how could one teach 19th-century materialists that there is a spirit? The spiritualist movement then came up. It came up exactly because people did not think it possible to teach humanity that there is something which is of the spirit; one had to show the spirit, to see it with one's own eyes. In Stuttgart someone asked why theosophists were unable to give Haeckel solid proof that there is a spirit. You see, solid evidence was to be provided as to the spirit. People first tried to do this with the aid of spiritualism. They tried for decades, right into the 1860's and 1870's. But then an awkward situation arose. Let us take a look at it. It will show you the difference between the theosophical way of rising to higher worlds and any other approach that is used. We are not for the moment concerned with the truth or untruth of spiritualist phenomena. It is evident that phenomena exist that bring spirits from other worlds into our world, so that definite proof can be furnished even for people who will only accept what they can perceive through the senses. We have grown out of the foolishness of saying that a lot of cheating goes on in spiritualism. Yes, there is false coin, but there is also true coin. We'll leave the truth issue aside for now.
But does one learn from attending a seance? We assume—leaving all else aside—that we are dealing with genuine revelations. If one has been presented with the apparition of someone dead, this is definite proof of the immortality of the human soul. It has been physical proof, one is able to convince oneself that the dead are still there in some world or other, and that they can even be called into our world. But it shows us that just to know this is of no real account; it is not what matters. Let us assume you have all been convinced in this manner, with a dead person brought into this group in a seance. You would then know that the human soul is immortal. But the question is, does such knowledge have real significance in a higher sense for the true higher life of man? At first people thought that would be the case. They thought people could be taken one step higher if they knew that there is immortality. But this is the point where the view held in the science of the spirit differs quite distinctly from one where all one is given is visible proof of immortality.
Here is a kind of analogy. I have spoken of all kinds of higher worlds before. I have told you what it is like in the astral world and the devachan,6A Sanskrit and Tibetan compound noun meaning 'go country'; the corresponding Christian term is ‘heaven’. and you know that after death the human being must first enter the astral world and then the devachan world. Let us now assume that many of the people sitting here say: ‘What he's telling us is something we cannot believe. It is too improbable.’ People who do not believe it, who go away and do not come back, would really have to prove their point of view entirely on their own. But with those who come back, even though they do not believe these things, it does not matter at all. I would say to those who come back: ‘Don't believe anything I say. You do not have to believe anything. That is quite immaterial. You may even consider it to be humbug, or think I am telling you something that comes from an utterly fantastic realm—but do listen and take it in.’ That is what matters.
Imagine I were to draw you a map of Asia Minor. Someone might come along and say: ‘The rivers and mountains he is drawing there are nonsense.’ I would then say to him: ‘I do not mind in the least that do you not believe me. But look at it, and keep it in mind. When you go to Asia Minor, you will find that it is true, and you'll then know your way about.’ What really matters—also for astronomers—is to go to higher realms, map in hand. That is what matters. And that is also true for knowledge of a higher world. We can only really enter into it if we take something of its essential nature into ourselves. So when I speak of the astral, you must take in something of the nature and the ways of that swaying, mobile character of the astral world, and when I speak of the devachan, you must take in something of the peculiar nature of that world which is so much the opposite of our own world. if you just make a connection with these ideas and a feeling comes alive in you for those higher realms, you will get a feeling for the state of awareness we have when the astral world surrounds us, for the state of awareness when the devachan world is around us. If you enter in a living way into the states a seer experiences as he rises into those worlds, this is something different from having solid proof that you can come across something or other in life. That is the difference between the method used in the science of the spirit and all other ways of gaining certainty of the spirit's existence.
With theosophy we seek to rise into the higher worlds so that we shall be able to gain direct sentient awareness of the spiritual, so that we have a breath of the higher worlds whilst still in the physical world. The spiritualists' approach, which I have described to you, is to bring the world of the spirit down into the physical, put it here before us, as if it were material. The theosophist seeks to raise the human world to the sphere of the spirit. The spiritualist says: ‘If the spirits are to be shown to be real, they must come down to me. They have to tickle me, as it were, then I can perceive them through the sense of touch.’ The theosophist goes up towards them, he seeks to come closer to them; he seeks to develop inwardly, so that he may understand the things of the spirit.
It may help to use a simple analogy. It is difficult enough, in present circumstances, to rise to the level of some higher spirits who have incarnated in the flesh. Imagine Christ Jesus were to appear in our midst today. How many people do you think would accept him? I won't say that some would call the police if someone were to make the claims today that Christ Jesus once made. But it all depends on people being ready to see what is going on right beside them.
Another analogy. A singer arrived a bit late for a dinner invitation.7The singer was Therese Devrient (1803–82). Her memoirs were published in Stuttgart in 1905. Her chair between two gentlemen had remained empty. One of them was Felix Mendelssohn, who was a friend of hers, the other was someone she did not know. She talked happily to Mendelssohn; the gentlemen on her left was very agreeable, paying her all kinds of compliments which she did not like, however. She therefore asked Mendelssohn: ‘Who is the silly fellow sitting on my other side?’ ‘That is Hegel, the famous philosopher,’ Mendelssohn replied. If she had been invited to meet Hegel she would no doubt have behaved differently. But having no idea as to who he was as she sat beside him, she took him for something of a fool.
Believe me, it is perfectly possible for you to come across one of the masters and take him for something of a fool. We can only recognize these higher spirits incarnated in the flesh if we have made ourselves capable of doing so. People would not recognize Christ Jesus if he were to come down among us today, unless he showed himself in the way they would imagine him to be. It is the aim of theosophy to develop and transform human beings, making them able to recognize the higher worlds. And this is a problem for the awareness we have in our present civilization. What matters is not that the principle which lives in higher worlds descends to us but that we ascend towards it. We need to develop the ability to ascend to higher worlds. This alone will make it possible for us to reach the higher worlds in a worthy way when we depart from this world at our death. Someone who has a map of Asia Minor can find his way around there, a map created out of life itself. If we know about the things that await us over there, we are going to enter into a world that we know, knowing what may be found there.
Mere knowledge of such a world does not mean much, however. Here we are on the threshold of a great mystery, and another fact that is of the utmost significance. It was because of this fact that European and American occultists decided to abandon the spiritualist approach in the 1870's and start the theosophical movement. The great occultist conference held in Vienna at that time provided a major impulse towards this change of tactic.
To initiate the spiritualist movement it had been necessary to establish a number of procedures. These procedures, established in countries where people were educated, had come from American occultists or lodges. The spiritualistic approach was decided on in those lodges. It consisted in offering particular groups the opportunity to galvanize certain dead people and thus furnish solid proof of immortality. This means that initially the astral corpses of certain dead people on the astral plane were sent to spiritualist groups, into the physical world. They were to give proof of immortality. Now we may ask: ‘Is it right for occultists on earth to make the dead appear?’ It is true there is no border between dead and alive for those who do occult work. They are able to visit the dead in the astral world and in the devachan. If they want to they can indeed—as I have told you—furnish proof of immortality in spiritualist groups. Please take note of this and remember it. It would not make much sense to anyone who is not well versed in these things. But it was different for the occultists. It was found that this way of gaining conviction of immortality was not only worthless but in some respects extraordinarily harmful. This way, where people did not become better people but were given solid evidence of immortality in the physical world, was not only worthless but in fact quite harmful, the reasons being as follows.
Imagine people who have gained proof of immortality in this way then abandoning their longing to gain access to the higher world. They would have become materialists also as regards the world of he spirit. They knew themselves to be spiritualists, but in their way of thinking they were nothing but materialists. They believed in a world of the spirit, but thought it could be seen with the aid of the senses and not by spiritual means. It was then found that when individuals with such materialistic ways of thinking came to kama loka8A compound noun that may be translated as ‘desire world’; the Christian equivalent is ‘purgatory’. they were even less able to recognize things over there than the materialists were. The materialists generally believed themselves to be in a dream world; this usually happens when one gets there. The materialist thinks he is dreaming and that he'll wake up any moment. The human being sees himself in kama loka—he dreams, he sleeps, he wants to wake up.
For someone who has become convinced of the spiritual world's existence and now finds that this world does look very different after all, it is not the case that he just finds himself in a dream world. The difference between what he thought the spiritual world to be and what he now perceives it to be is like a lead weight to him. Remember, human beings have enough to contend with as it is when they reach kama loka, especially being unable to satisfy their desires. Gourmets for instance could only gain such satisfaction when they still had their tongue or their senses, and now they will no longer have them. It will then feel as if they were parched with thirst, or in a burning furnace.
The feeling is not exactly like that of parching thirst, but it is similar. If you consider everything human beings have to experience and go through over there, one might sum it up in the words: ‘He has to get used to living without a body.’ This is, however, difficult for anyone who is much attached to the sensual sphere. It is not really very difficult for anyone who has tom himself away from the sensual sphere. Someone who has done nothing to raise his soul higher, to develop it further, will know this difference between the spiritual and the sensual; it will be like a difference in weight, as though he were weighed down with a leaden weight. The spiritual and the sensual need different ways of perception, and the individual concerned expects the spiritual to be material and tangible. Over in the world of the spirit he finds, however, that the astral is very different by nature. The difference feels like a weight that threatens to drag him down again into the physical world, and that is the worst thing.
These are the reasons why the masters of wisdom abandoned the method used in the 1850s, 1860s and early 1870s to give certainty of the higher world. They abandoned this method and decided on the theosophical path of development to give access to the world of the spirit. Essentially this is based on two things. One is that it is most eminently necessary to create a spiritual core [other set of notes: spiritual centre] so that humanity will be protected from new diseases affecting mind and spirit. The other is to make it possible for humanity to develop to a higher level and reach the higher world rather than draw the higher world down to themselves. Instead of dragging the higher world down to us, we must be raised into the higher world. Rightly understood, this gives you an idea of, a feeling for, the true mission of the theosophical movement. In this sense the theosophical movement sets us the task of developing to higher and higher levels, so that we may grow into the world of the spirit. Then, I think, the idea of brotherhood will come to us absolutely of its own accord. We would no longer want to go off in different directions. People only go apart for as long as they want to be completely on their own on this physical plane. In reality we are only separate whilst on the physical plane. As soon as we rise to the higher world we do become aware of brotherhood in the spirit; spiritual unity comes to awareness.
I have tried on several occasions to speak to you of this brotherhood in the spirit, at least in ideas for the intellect. It is so beautifully expressed in the words: ‘This is you.’ Let us think of this. As I told you before, if you cut off my hand, in a very short time it will no longer be my hand. It can only be my hand if it is part of my organism; otherwise it is no longer a hand; it shrivels up. As a human being you are such a hand belonging to the earth organism. Imagine you are raised a few miles above the earth. There you cannot live as a physical human being, you cease to live as a human being. You are part of this earth just as my hand is part of my body. The illusion of being independent creatures arises because you walk around on this earth, whereas the hand is attached to the body. But that does not matter. Goethe was referring to something very real when he spoke of the earth spirit. He meant to say that the earth has a soul and we are its members. He spoke of something real when he wrote the following lines for the earth spirit:
In life's floods, in roaring activity
I move up and down,
Going hither and thither.
Birth and the grave,
Weaving to and fro
Creating ardent life,
I work the rushing loom of time
Weaving the godhead's living garb.9Goethe, Faust 1, Night scene.
And so even the physical human being is part of the earth organism, part of a whole. And now think about the soul and the spirit—there it is exactly the same. I have so often said that humanity would not be able to live if it had not developed further against the background of the other realms on earth. In the same way the more highly developed human being cannot exist without the less developed one. A spiritual principle cannot exist without those that have remained behind, just as a human being could not exist if it were not for the fact that the animals have remained behind, and an animal cannot exist without the plant, nor the plant without the mineral. This is brought most beautifully to expression in the gospel of John after the washing of the feet: ‘I could not be, were it not for you...’10There is a gap here in the text as it was taken down. The disciples were a necessity for Jesus, the soil that fed him. This is a great truth. Just look into a court of law—a judge sitting on the bench, feeling superior to the accused. But the judge might reflect and say to himself that they may well have been together in an earlier life when he did not fulfil his obligations to the accused and this has made him the way he now is. If the judge's karma were investigated it might turn out that he should really be sitting in the dock. The whole of humanity is an organism. If you tear out at a single human being, that human being cannot continue but will shrivel up. A common bond unites us all. We will begin to understand this when we seek to develop the faculties we need for the higher world, so that we may truly rise and find the core in us that is the essence of the spirit. If that essence of the spirit lives in us it will lead us to brotherhood. This exists already on the higher planes. On earth we have only an image of it. Brotherhood here on earth is but an image of what exists on the higher planes. We deny something that already exists in us if we do not cherish brotherhood among ourselves here on earth.
That is the deeper meaning of the brotherhood idea. And we must therefore seek to bring the theosophical ideas to realization more and more, in such a way that we understand the other human being in his very depth of soul, and that we stay together as brothers however great the differences of opinion. That is true togetherness, true brotherhood, where we do not ask that the other individual should be in harmony with us by thinking the same way, but allow every individual to have his own opinion. Then the greatest wisdom will be achieved as we work together. This is a more profound view of our first theosophical principle. If we take our idea of brotherhood to be such that we say to ourselves: ‘We belong together, whatever the circumstances, and however much someone's views may differ from our own. Differences of opinion can never be a reason for us to separate.’ We shall only fully understand one another if we let each other be as we are. I know this view of theosophical brotherhood is still a long way off, and it cannot take effect until the theosophical idea has taken root in this sense, in this style.
Ursprungsimpulse der Geisteswissenschaft
Es zeigt sich immer wieder, wie schwer es unseren Zeitgenossen ist, theosophisches Leben zu verstehen. Deshalb seien einige Gedanken im allgemeinen darüber ausgesprochen. Theosophie ist etwas, von dem sich jeder, der sich zu ihr hingezogen fühlt, die Vorstellung macht, daß sie in bezug auf das geistige Leben seine tiefste Sehnsucht befriedigen müsse. Wollen wir uns aber die theosophische Grundidee, wie sie in der Gegenwart richtig ist, vor die Seele halten, unser ganzes Bewußtsein erfüllen mit dem Gedanken, daß das Geistige etwas Wirkliches ist, dann müssen wir es endlich dazu bringen, daß wir die Würde der Person unseres Nächsten anerkennen. Das Persönliche lassen wir gelten, denn wir würden es uns als Mensch, der eine empfindende Seele im Leibe hat, nicht gestatten, das äußere Persönliche unseres Mitmenschen in absichtlicher Weise zu verletzen, wir würden es uns nicht gestatten, ihn anzugreifen in seiner persönlichen Freiheit. Aber so weit sind wir noch nicht, noch lange nicht, daß wir diese Toleranz ausdehnen auf das Allerinnerste des Menschen, weil wir noch lange nicht — höchstens theoretisch, aber noch nicht praktisch - wissen, daß Empfindung und Gedanke, das Geistige überhaupt, ein Wirkliches ist. Das ist Ihnen allen doch klar. Und auch das ist heute schon allen Menschen klar, daß es etwas höchst Wirkliches, höchst Reales ist, wenn ich jemandem mit meiner Hand einen Schlag versetze. Aber nicht so leicht glauben die Menschen, daß es etwas Wirkliches ist, wenn ich jemandem einen schlechten Gedanken zusende. Das müssen wir uns bewußt machen, daß der schlechte Gedanke, mit dem ich meinem Mitmenschen entgegentrete, der Gedanke der Antipathie, des Hasses, für seine Seele ebenso ist wie ein Schlag für das Gesicht des Menschen. Und eine abträgliche Empfindung, eine Empfindung des Hasses und der Unliebe, mit der ich dem Mitmenschen gegenüberstehe, sie sind wirklich wie die gewöhnliche äußere Verletzung, die man einem Menschen zufügt. Erst wenn man sich dessen bewußt ist, wird man Theosoph.
Durchdringen wir uns ganz mit diesem Bewußtsein, sind wir uns klar darüber, daß der Geist in uns selbst eine Wirklichkeit ist, dann haben wir den theosophischen Gedanken erfaßt, und dann folgt für uns etwas, was die eigentliche Konsequenz, die wichtige Folge einer solchen geistigen Auffassung ist. Zunächst werden sich die Menschen einer gebildeten Gesellschaft nicht schlagen, sie werden sich nicht äuBerliche Verletzungen zufügen. Aber mit welchen Gedanken, mit welchen Meinungen die Menschen unserer gebildeten Gesellschaft nebeneinander sitzen, davon brauche ich Ihnen nicht zu erzählen. Sie wissen es. Die Theosophische Gesellschaft hat die Aufgabe, Sympathie und Unverletzlichkeit der Person zum Bewußtsein zu bringen. Wenn in unserer Zeit, wo es den Leuten vorzugsweise darauf ankommt, Meinungen, Ansichten zu haben, sieben Mitmenschen zusammensitzen, dann haben sie dreizehn Meinungen, und infolge der dreizehn Meinungen wollen sie sich am liebsten in dreizehn Parteien spalten. Das ist die Folge der Meinungsverschiedenheit, und an die Stelle dieser Meinungsverschiedenheit hat die theosophische Bewegung im tiefsten Inneren die Bruderschaftsidee zu setzen. Wir begreifen die Theosophie, diese Bruderschaftsidee, erst dann vollständig, wenn wir imstande sind, zusammenzusitzen in einer Bruderschaft bei der größtmöglichen Verschiedenheit der weiteren Gedanken. Wir wollen nicht bloß die Person unseres Nächsten achten und schätzen und ihr so gegenübertreten, daß wir sie in ihrer vollsten Menschenwürde anerkennen, sondern wir wollen ins tiefste Innere der Seele hinein unseren Mitbruder als Seele anerkennen. Dann müssen wir aber mit ihm zusammensitzen und zusammenbleiben, auch wenn die größte Verschiedenheit der Meinungen vorhanden ist. Niemand darf wegen Meinungsverschiedenheit aus der theosophischen Gemeinschaft, aus der theosophischen Bruderschaft austreten. Das gerade ist der Vorzug der Theosophen, daß sie brüderlich zusammenbleiben, auch wenn sie nicht einer Meinung sind. Ehe wir uns nicht brüderlich zusammenfinden, sind wir nicht in der Lage, einen theosophischen Grundgedanken durchzuführen. Dadurch wird es uns erst möglich, heraufzuholen aus den Seelen die tiefsten Geheimnisse, die in ihnen schlummern, die tiefsten Fähigkeiten, die wie schlafend auf dem Grunde unserer Seele leben, wenn wir uns klar darüber sind, daß wir zusammen wirken können mit unseren Mitmenschen, auch dann, wenn wir noch so grundverschiedene Meinungen haben.
Nicht umsonst ist, wie ich öfter gesagt habe, im letzten Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts die Theosophische Gesellschaft begründet worden. Die Art und Weise, wie sie das Geistige sucht, unterscheidet sich doch wesentlich von anderen Bestrebungen, die ebenfalls anstreben, Beweise für die Unsterblichkeit des Menschen zu erlangen. Es ist eine große Verschiedenheit in dem Suchen nach dem Ewigen, wie es in der Theosophischen Gesellschaft gefunden wird, und dem Suchen nach dem Ewigen in anderen auf den Geist gerichteten Strömungen. In Wahrheit ist die theosophische Bewegung nichts anderes als die populäre Ausgestaltung der die Welt im geheimen umspannenden okkulten Bruderschaften der verflossenen Jahrtausende. Ich habe schon erwähnt, daß die hervorragendste, die größte Bruderschaft Europas im 14. Jahrhundert begründet worden ist als die Rosenkreuzer-Bruderschaft. Diese Rosenkreuzer-Bruderschaft ist eigentlich die Quelle, die Ausgangsstätte für alle sonstigen Bruderschaften, welche die Kultur Europas erhalten hat. In diesen Bruderschaften wurde streng geheim die okkulte Weisheit gepflegt. Wenn ich Ihnen charakterisieren soll, was die in diesen verschiedenen Bruderschaften vereinigten Menschen erlangen wollten, so müßte ich Ihnen sagen: jene hohen und erhabenen Weisheitslehren und jene Weisheitsarbeit, welche in diesen okkulten Bruderschaften, von denen die RosenkreuzerBruderschaft die hervorragendste war, gepflegt wurden. Die Lehren und Arbeiten, die da gepflegt wurden, brachten den Menschen dahin, daß er sich seines ewigen Wesenskernes bewußt wurde. Sie brachten den Menschen dahin, daß er den Zusammenhang fand mit der höheren Welt, mit den Welten, die über uns liegen, und hinblickte zu der Führung unserer älteren Brüder, zu der Führung derjenigen, die unter uns leben und die eine Stufe erlangt haben, die Sie alle zu einer späteren Zeit erlangen werden. Wir nennen jene die älteren Brüder aus dem Grunde, weil sie, vorauseilend der allgemeinen Entwickelung, diesen hohen Standpunkt früher erlangt haben: also die Gewißheit des ewigen Wesenskernes, die Erweckung desselben, so daß der Mensch das Ewige erschauen kann wie der gewöhnliche Mensch die Sinnenwelt. Um dies zu erreichen, muß er den älteren Brüdern, die überall unter uns leben, nacheifern. Diese älteren Brüder oder Meister, die großen Führer der Menschheit, sind selbst immer die obersten Leiter und obersten Vorsteher der okkulten erhabenen Weisheit gewesen, durch die der Mensch seines ewigen Wesenskernes bewußt wird. Diejenigen, welche sich in eine solche okkulte Bruderschaft aufnehmen lassen wollten, wurden bis in die Mitte des verflossenen 19. Jahrhunderts strengen Prüfungen und Proben unterworfen. Nur derjenige konnte in einer solchen Bruderschaft Aufnahme finden, von dem man sich klar war, daß er durch seinen Charakter eine Garantie abgab, daß die hohe Weisheitslehre niemals zu niedrigen Zwecken mißbraucht werden kann. Ferner mußte er durch seine Intelligenz die Gewähr leisten, daß er das, was ihm in den okkulten Bruderschaften gegeben wurde, in der richtigen Weise und im richtigen Sinne verstand. Nur wenn jemand diese Bedingungen erfüllte, wenn er eine vollständige Garantie abgab, daß er in der Lage und in der notwendigen Stimmung war, um die höchsten Lehren des Lebens entgegenzunehmen, konnte er in eine solche Bruderschaft aufgenommen werden.
So wenig die Menschen es auch glauben wollen: Alles wirklich Große, was geschehen ist bis zur Französischen Revolution und bis ins 19. Jahrhundert hinein, ist von diesen okkulten Bruderschaften ausgegangen. Die Menschen wußten gar nicht, wie sie von den Strömen, die von den okkulten Bruderschaften ausgingen, beeinflußt wurden. Soll ich Ihnen eine Szene schildern, wie diese Bruderschaften auf okkulte Weise in der Welt wirkten? Nehmen wir folgende Szene. Ein hochbegabter, wichtiger Mann bekommt etwas unvermittelt den Besuch eines scheinbar unbekannten Menschen. Dieser unbekannte Mensch weiß es dahin zu bringen, daß sich zwischen ihm und jener wichtigen Persönlichkeit, vielleicht einem Staatsmann, ein Gespräch entspinnt. Alles das auf die natürlichste Weise und ganz «zufällig», wobei zufällig unter Anführungszeichen zu setzen ist. Das Gespräch enthält nicht bloß eine beliebige Sache, denn im Laufe des Gespräches werden Dinge gesagt, die sich ganz unvermerkt einleben in das Gemüt, in den Intellekt des Betreffenden, der besucht wird. Von einer solchen Unterredung, die vielleicht nur drei Stunden dauert, geht dann eine völlige Umwandlung des Betreffenden vor sich. So sind — Sie mögen es glauben oder nicht — manche große, bedeutsam auf die Welt wirkende Ideen in die Gemüter hineinverpflanzt worden. So sind in Voltaire die großen Ideen angeregt worden, ohne daß er vielleicht eine Ahnung davon hatte, wem er gegenüberstand als einer scheinbar höchst unbedeutenden Erscheinung, die ihm aber Wichtiges zu sagen hatte. So wurden in Rousseau einige so empfangene Grundgedanken niedergelegt; auch in Lessing.
Diese Art und Weise von Wirkungen, die von okkulten Bruderschaften ausgingen, verlöschen im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts immer mehr und mehr. Das 19. Jahrhundert war notwendigerweise das Jahrhundert des Materialismus. Die okkulten Bruderschaften hatten sich zurückgezogen. Die großen Meister der Weisheit und des Zusammenklanges der Empfindungen zogen sich, wie man das mit einem technischen Ausdruck bezeichnet, nach dem Orient zurück. Sie hörten auf, auf das Abendland zu wirken. Nun geschah im Abendlande etwas ganz besonders Wichtiges. Halten wir uns das vor, um uns über die Bedeutung der theosophischen Weltbewegung klar zu werden.
Es war im Jahre 1841, da erkannten die, welche Mitglieder der verborgensten Gesellschaft waren, daß in Europa Wichtiges vor sich gehen sollte. Es war notwendig, um die Sturmflut des Materialismus einzudämmen, daß man einen Strom von geistigem Leben in die Menschheit hineinleitete. Damals war es, als zunächst unter den Okkultisten selbst eine gewisse Meinungsverschiedenheit sich geltend machte. Die einen sagten: Die Menschheit ist noch nicht reif, geistige Tatsachen und Erfahrungen jetzt schon zu empfangen, wir wollen das System des Schweigens einhalten. - Das waren die konservativen Okkultisten. Dieses System hat viel für sich, denn die Verbreitung okkulter Wahrheiten hat große Gefahren. Die anderen sagten: Die Gefahr des Materialismus ist zu groß, es muß etwas dagegen getan werden -, so daß wenigstens die elementarsten Dinge der Menschheit mitgeteilt werden. Aber — in welcher Form? Die Menschheit hatte vollständig verlernt, den Geist in der wahren Gestalt zu erfassen, verlernt, wirklich sich hinaufzuheben zu den höheren Welten, vollständig verlernt den Begriff davon, so daß es eine solche Welt überhaupt nicht mehr für sie gibt. Wie soll man einer solchen Menschheit, die nur einen Sinn für das Materielle hat, beibringen, daß es etwas Geistiges gibt? Warum war es so notwendig, der Menschheit ein Bewußtsein von der geistigen Welt beizubringen ?
Da berühren wir eines der wichtigen Geheimnisse, die in unserer Gegenwart schlummern. Ich habe schon hier und da darauf hingewiesen, warum es eigentlich eine theosophische Bewegung gibt, wozu sie notwendig ist. Wer hineinschauen kann in die geistige Welt, der weiß, daß alles, was äußerlich materiell existiert, seinen geistigen Ursprung hat, aus dem Geistigen stammt. Es gibt nichts Stoffliches, das nicht aus dem Geistigen stammte. So kommt denn auch das, was die Menschen äußerlich als Gesundheit und Krankheit haben, von ihrer Gesinnung, von ihren Gedanken. Es ist durchaus wahr das Sprichwort: Was du heute denkst, das bist du morgen. — Sie müssen sich klar sein, daß, wenn ein Zeitalter schlechte, verdorbene Gedanken hat, die nächste Generation und das nächste Zeitalter dies physisch zu büßen hat. Es ist die Wahrheit des Spruches: Es werden die Sünden der Väter im so und so vielten Gliede sich rächen. Nicht ungestraft haben die Menschen des 19. Jahrhunderts angefangen, so derb materiell zu denken, so wegzuwenden ihren Verstand von jeglichem Geistigen. Was dazumal die Menschen gedacht haben, das wird sich erfüllen. Und wir sind nicht so weit davon entfernt, daß merkwürdige Krankheiten und Epidemien in unserer Menschheit auftreten werden! Was wir Nervosität nennen, wird spätestens in einem halben Jahrhundert schlimme Formen annehmen. So wie es einst Pest und Cholera und im Mittelalter Aussatz gegeben hat, so wird es Epidemien des Seelenlebens geben, Erkrankungen des Nervensystems in epidemischer Form. Das sind die wirklichen Folgen des Umstandes, daß es den Menschen an dem geistigen Lebenskern fehlt. Wo ein Bewußtsein von diesem Lebenskern als Mittelpunkt vorhanden ist, da wird der Mensch gesund unter dem Einfluß einer gesunden, einer wahren, weisen Weltanschauung. Aber der Materialismus leugnet die Seele, leugnet den Geist, höhlt den Menschen aus, weist ihn hin auf seine Peripherie, auf seinen Umkreis. Gesundheit gibt es nur, wenn des Menschen tiefinnerster Wesenskern geistig und wahr ist. Die wirkliche Krankheit, die auf die Aushöhlung des Inneren folgt, das ist die geistige Epidemie, vor der wir stehen.
Um den Menschen nun ein Bewußtsein von ihrem geistigen Wesenskern zu geben, haben wir eine Theosophische Gesellschaft. Zur Gesundung der Menschheit ist sie vor allen Dingen berufen, und nicht dazu, daß der eine oder der andere dieses oder jenes weiß. Ob Sie wissen, daß es Reinkarnation und Karma gibt - ich meine, ob Sie das bloß wissen —, darauf kommt es nicht an, sondern darauf, daß diese Gedanken ganz und gar zum Blut der Seele, zum geistigen Wesenskern werden, denn sie sind gesund. Ob wir sie beweisen oder nicht beweisen, ob wir eine Wissenschaft begründen können, welche strikt in mathematischer Weise Reinkarnation und Karma darlegt, darauf kommt es nicht an. Es gibt nur einen Beweis für die geisteswissenschaftlichen Lehren, und das ist das Leben. Die geisteswissenschaftlichen Lehren werden sich als wahr erweisen, wenn ein gesundes Leben unter ihrem Einfluß entstehen wird. Dies wird der wahre Beweis für die theosophischen Lehren sein. Wer einen Beweis für die Theosophie haben will, muß das Theosophische erleben; dann erweist es sich als wahr. Jeder Schritt und jeder Tag muß uns nach und nach den Beweis für die geisteswissenschaftlichen Lehren bringen.
Aus diesem Grunde entstand also eine Theosophische Gesellschaft. Aber wie soll man einer materialistischen Menschheit des 19. Jahrhunderts beibringen, daß es einen Geist gibt? Da entstand zunächst die spiritistische Bewegung. Sie entstand gerade deshalb, weil man nicht glaubte, der Menschheit beibringen zu können, daß es etwas Geistiges gibt; man mußte den Geist zeigen, mit Augen sehen. In Stuttgart fragte einer, warum die Theosophie nicht dazu kommen könne, Haeckel handgreiflich den Beweis zu liefern, daß es Geist gibt. Sie sehen, handgreiflich soll man zeigen, was Geist ist! Das versuchte man zunächst durch den Spiritismus. Jahrzehntelang wurde es versucht, bis in die sechziger, siebziger Jahre hinein. Nun ergab sich aber doch eine sehr fatale Tatsache. Diese Tatsache wollen wir uns einmal vor die Seele führen. Sie können daran ersehen, welches der Unterschied ist zwischen der theosophischen Art, sich in die höheren Welten zu erheben, und einer jeden anderen. Wir sprechen hier nicht einen Augenblick über Wahrheit oder Unwahrheit der Erscheinungen des Spiritismus. Es ist klar, daß es Erscheinungen gibt, welche Wesenheiten aus anderen Welten in unsere Welt hineinrufen, so daß auch für diejenigen, welche nur Sinnliches zugeben, ein tatsächlicher Beweis geschaffen werden kann. Über die Torheit sind wir hinaus, daß jemand sagt, es sei viel Schwindel im Spiritismus. Es gibt ja auch falsches Geld, es gibt aber auch richtiges Geld.
Über die Wahrheitsfrage wollen wir uns aber nicht weiter unterhalten. Was hat aber ein Mensch, der an einer spiritistischen S&ance teilnahm, erfahren? Wir nehmen an - alles andere ist ausgeschlossen -, daß wir es mit wahren Offenbarungen zu tun haben. Wenn man ihm die Erscheinung eines Verstorbenen vorgeführt hat, so hat er einen klaren Beweis von der Unsterblichkeit der Menschenseele erlangt. Er hat einen materiellen Beweis gehabt, er konnte sich überzeugen, daß die Toten noch da sind in irgendeiner Welt und daß sie sogar hineingerufen werden können in unsere Welt. Aber daran zeigt es sich eben, daß es auf das Wissen nicht ankommt, daß das Wissen die Hauptsache nicht ausmacht. Nehmen wir einmal an, Sie alle würden auf diese Weise überzeugt, daß wir einen Verstorbenen durch eine spiritistische Seance hineinbringen in diese Gesellschaft. Sie wüßten dann, daß die menschliche Seele unsterblich ist. Nun ist aber die Frage diese: Hat ein solches Wissen eine wirkliche Bedeutung im höheren Sinne für das wahre höhere menschliche Leben? Das hat man zunächst geglaubt. Man hat geglaubt, man bringe die Leute eine Stufe höher, wenn sie wissen, daß es eine Unsterblichkeit gibt. Aber hier ist der Punkt, wo die geisteswissenschaftliche Weltauffassung ganz bestimmt abweicht von einer solchen, die nur einen klaren, sichtbaren Beweis für die Unsterblichkeit liefert.
Hier eine Art Vergleich: Ich habe ja schon öfter erzählt von allen möglichen höheren Welten, ich habe geschildert, wie es ausschaut in der Astralwelt und wie im Devachan, und Sie wissen, daß der Mensch nach dem Tode zunächst in die Astralwelt und dann in die Devachanwelt einzutreten hat. Nehmen wir nun an, es könnten hier viele sitzen, die sagen: Was uns der erzählt, das können wir nicht glauben, das ist uns zu unwahrscheinlich! — Diejenigen, welche das nicht glauben, weggehen und nicht wiederkommen, würden eigentlich ganz allein ihre Meinung zu beweisen haben. Diejenigen aber, die, trotzdem sie das nicht glauben, wiederkommen, bei denen macht es nichts. Bei denen, die wiederkommen, würde ich sagen: Glaubt mir gar nichts, ihr braucht nichts zu glauben, es kommt nicht darauf an!. Ihr könnt es sogar für Schwindel halten, oder glauben, daß ich euch etwas erzähle, was aus einem möglichst phantastischen Reiche stammt — hört es aber an und nehmt es auf! — Das ist es, worauf es ankommt. Denken Sie sich, ich würde Ihnen die Karte von Kleinasien aufzeichnen. Da könnte einer kommen und erklären: Was der da aufzeichnet an Flüssen und Gebirgen, das ist Unsinn. - Da würde ich ihm sagen: Ich mache mir gar nichts daraus, daß du mir nichts glaubst. Nimm es aber auf, schaue es dir an und behalte es im Gedächtnis. Wenn du dann nach Kleinasien kommst, dann wirst du finden, daß es richtig ist, und du wirst dich dann auskennen. — Das ‚ist die Hauptsache — auch beim Astronomen -, mit der Landkarte in der Hand in die höheren Gebiete zu gehen; das ist das Wesentliche, worauf es ankommt. So verhält es sich auch mit dem Wissen von einer höheren Welt: Wir können nur dann in diese höhere Welt hineinkommen, wenn wir etwas von der Natur dieser höheren Welt in uns aufnehmen. Wenn hier das Astrale geschildert wird, dann müssen Sie etwas aufnehmen von der Art und Weise jener schwingenden und bewegten Welt des Astralen, und wenn von Devachan die Rede ist, so müssen Sie etwas aufnehmen von der Eigenart dieser, der unsrigen so entgegengesetzten Welt. Wenn Sie sich nur verbinden mit diesen Gedanken und sich hinaufleben in diese höheren Gebiete, dann werden Sie ein Gefühl bekommen von dem Zustande des Bewußtseins, den wir haben, wenn die astrale Welt um uns herum ist, von dem Zustande des Bewußtseins, wenn die devachanische Welt um uns herum ist. Wenn Sie nachleben die Zustände, welche der Seher hat, wenn er sich in diese Welten erhebt, dann haben Sie noch etwas anderes, als wenn Sie einen handgreiflichen Beweis davon haben, daß Sie irgend etwas erleben können. Das ist der Unterschied zwischen der geisteswissenschaftlichen Methode und allen anderen Arten, sich Gewißheit vom Geistigen zu verschaffen.
Durch die Theosophie versuchen wir uns hinaufzuheben in die höheren Welten, uns fähig zu machen, das Geistige unmittelbar zu empfinden, so daß wir in der physischen Welt schon einen Hauch der höheren Welten empfinden. Die spiritistische Anschauung, die ich vorhin geschildert habe, sucht die geistige Welt herunterzutragen in die physische, sie vor uns hinzustellen, wie wenn sie materiell wäre. Der Theosoph sucht die menschliche Welt hinaufzuheben in die geistige Sphäre. Der Spiritist sagt: Sollen mir die Geister bewiesen werden, so müssen sie zu mir herunterkommen. Sie müssen mich sozusagen kitzeln, dann werden sie mir wahrnehmbar für den Tastsinn. Der 'Theosoph geht zu ihnen hinauf, er sucht sich ihnen zu nähern; er sucht sich in der Seele so zu bilden, daß er das Geistige verstehen kann.
Sie können sich einen Begriff davon machen, wenn Sie einen einfachen Vergleich nehmen. Schon bei einigen höheren geistigen Wesenheiten, die im Fleische inkarniert sind, ist es unter den jetzigen Umständen schwer, sich zu ihnen hinaufzuheben. Versetzen Sie sich einmal in die Lage, wenn der Christus Jesus heute in der Gegenwart erschiene! Was glauben Sie, wie viele es gäbe, welche ihn gelten ließen? Ich will gar nicht sagen, daß manche nach der Polizei laufen würden, wenn einer aufträte mit der Prätention, mit der einstmals der Christus Jesus aufgetreten ist. Es hängt aber davon ab, ob die Menschen reif dafür sind, das, was neben ihnen lebt, zu sehen.
Noch ein anderer Vergleich: Eine Sängerin war zum Abendessen eingeladen, sie kam aber etwas zu spät. Ihr Stuhl war leer geblieben zwischen zwei Herren. Der eine war der ihr befreundete Felix Mendelssohn, der andere ein Herr, den sie nicht kannte. Mit Mendelssohn unterhielt sie sich sehr gut, der Herr zu ihrer Linken war sehr artig zu ihr, erwies ihr allerlei Höflichkeiten, die ihr aber zuwider waren. Deshalb fragte sie Mendelssohn: Wer ist denn der dumme Kerl, der neben mir sitzt? - Das ist der berühmte Philosoph Hegel, antwortete Mendelssohn. — Wäre sie eingeladen worden, um Hegel zu sehen, so hätte sie sich sicher anders verhalten. So aber, da sie ahnungslos neben ihm saß, meinte sie, er wäre ein dummer Kerl.
Glauben Sie mir, es ist auch durchaus möglich, daß Ihnen eine Meisterpersönlichkeit in den Weg tritt und Sie dieselbe für einen dummen Kerl halten. Diese höheren Individualitäten, wenn sie im Fleische inkarniert sind, kann der Mensch nur erkennen, wenn er sich dazu fähig gemacht hat. Wenn der Christus Jesus heute zu uns herunterstiege und würde sich nicht so zeigen, wie die Leute ihn sich vorstellen, so würden sie ihn nicht erkennen. Das ist es, was Theosophie will, sie will den Menschen entwickeln, umwandeln, ihn fähig machen, die höheren Welten zu erkennen. Und da ist für unser heutiges Kulturbewußtsein eine Schwierigkeit vorhanden. Es kommt darauf an, daß das, was in der höheren Welt lebt, nicht zu uns heruntersteigen soll, sondern daß wir zu ihm hinaufsteigen. Wir sollen uns fähig machen, zu den höheren Welten hinaufzusteigen. Das gibt uns allein die Fähigkeit, wenn wir hier mit dem Tode abgehen, in einer würdigen Weise die höheren Welten zu erreichen. Derjenige kann sich wirklich in Kleinasien auskennen, der die Karte hat, die Karte, die aus dem Leben heraus gebildet ist. Wer hier die Dinge schon kennengelernt hat, die seiner dort warten, der tritt in eine bekannte Welt ein, der weiß, was es da gibt.
Das bloße Wissen, daß es eine solche Welt gibt, macht aber gar nicht so viel aus. Hier stehen wir am Rande eines großen Geheimnisses und einer anderen "Tatsache von großer Wichtigkeit, und aus dieser Tatsache heraus haben die europäischen und die amerikanischen Okkultisten in den siebziger Jahren beschlossen, von der spiritistischen Taktik abzugehen und die theosophische Bewegung in die Wege zu leiten. Die große Okkultistenkonferenz, die damals in Wien abgehalten wurde, hat den wichtigen Anstoß zur Änderung der Taktik gegeben.
Um die spiritistische Bewegung einzuleiten, war es notwendig, daß man bestimmte Prozeduren machte. Diese Prozeduren, die in den gebildeten Ländern gemacht wurden, waren von amerikanischen Okkultisten oder Logen ausgegangen. In diesen Logen beschloß man den spiritistischen Weg. Er bestand darin, daß man bestimmten Zirkeln die Möglichkeit bot, durch eine Art Galvanisation bestimmter Toter, handgreifliche Beweise für die Unsterblichkeit zu geben. Das heißt, es wurden auf dem astralen Plan zunächst die astralen Leichname bestimmter 'Toter hineingeschickt in die spiritistischen Zirkel, in die physische Welt. Sie sollten die Unsterblichkeit beweisen. Man kann nun fragen: Kommt es den Okkultisten der Erde zu, die Toten erscheinen zu lassen? — Gewiß, für den, welcher okkult arbeitet, gibt es die Grenze zwischen tot und lebendig nicht. Er kann die Verstorbenen aufsuchen in der astralen Welt und im Devachan. Wenn er will, so kann er auch wirklich - was ich ja erzählt habe - in spiritistischen Zirkeln den Beweis für die Unsterblichkeit führen. Diese Tatsache bitte ich zu merken und zu beachten. Wer nicht bewandert ist in diesen Dingen, für den konnte es nicht ganz verständlich sein. Für die Okkultisten war es aber anders. Es zeigte sich, daß diese Art, sich von der Unsterblichkeit zu überzeugen, nicht nur wertlos, sondern in gewisser Beziehung außerordentlich schädlich war. Diese Art, ohne daß der Mensch besser wurde, einen handgreiflichen Beweis für die Unsterblichkeit in der Sinneswelt zu erhalten, war nicht allein wertlos, sondern sogar recht schädlich, und zwar aus folgenden Gründen.
Denken Sie sich, daß die Menschen, die auf diese Art den Beweis von der Unsterblichkeit erlangt haben, abkommen von der Sehnsucht, in die geistige Welt hinaufzuleben; sie waren Materialisten auch in bezug auf die geistige Welt geworden. Ihrem Wissen nach waren sie Spiritualisten, ihren Denkgewohnheiten nach waren sie nichts weiter als Materialisten. Sie glaubten an eine geistige Welt, meinten aber, daß sie mit sinnlichen Mitteln gesehen werden solle und nicht mit geistigen. So erwies es sich, daß die, welche mit solchen materialistischen Denkgewohnheiten nach Kamaloka kamen, noch ungewohnter waren, die Dinge drüben zu erkennen als die Materialisten. Die Materialisten glauben gewöhnlich in einer Traumwelt zu sein; das ist das Gewöhnliche, wenn man herüberkommt. Der Materialist glaubt zu träumen, und er glaubt jeden Moment, er müsse aufwachen. In Kamaloka sieht sich der Mensch: er träumt, er schläft, er will aufwachen.
Bei dem, der sich umständlich eine Überzeugung von der geistigen Welt verschafft hat, und der nun bemerkt, daß die geistige Welt doch ganz anders aussieht, ist es nicht bloß so, daß er sich in einer Traumwelt befindet, sondern der Unterschied zwischen dem, was er geglaubt hat, daß die geistige Welt sei, und dem, wie sie ihm jetzt erscheint, wirkt auf ihn wie ein Bleigewicht. Bedenken Sie, daß die Menschen, wenn sie herüberkommen nach Kamaloka, ohnehin schon genug auszustehen haben, besonders wenn sie nicht die Befriedigung ihrer Lüste haben, wie zum Beispiel Feinschmecker, denen diese Befriedigung nur möglich ist, wenn sie ihre Zunge oder ihre Sinne haben, und die haben sie ja nicht mehr; dann ist es ähnlich, wie wenn sie einen brennenden Durst hätten, oder wie wenn sie in einem kochenden Ofen wären. Das ist ein etwas anderes Gefühl als das Gefühl des brennenden Durstes, aber doch so ähnlich. Wenn Sie das alles bedenken, was der Mensch drüben zu erleben hat und was durchgemacht werden muß, so kann man es in die Worte zusammenfassen: Er muß sich angewöhnen, ohne Körper leben zu können. — Das ist für den, der stark am Sinnlichen hängt, schwer. Für den, der sich aus dem Sinnlichen herausgerissen hat, ist es gar nicht so schwierig. Wer nichts getan hat, um seine Seele emporzubringen, nichts getan hat, um seine Seele höher zu entwickeln, der empfindet diesen Unterschied zwischen dem, was geistig ist, und dem, was sinnlich ist, wie einen Gewichtsunterschied, wie ein Bleigewicht, das an ihm hängt. Es ist wirklich wie ein Gewichtsunterschied. Das Geistige bedingt eine ganz andere Art und Weise von Wahrnehmung als das Sinnliche, und nun erwartet der Betreffende, daß das Geistige wieder materiell und konkret sein soll; und dort in der geistigen Welt findet er, daß das Astrale ganz andersgeartet ist. Dann kommt ihm der Unterschied wie ein Gewicht vor, das ihn wieder hineinzieht in die physische Welt. Und das ist das schlimmste.
Aus diesen Gründen sind die Meister der Weisheit abgekommen von jener Art und Weise, wie in den fünfziger, sechziger Jahren und Anfang der siebziger Jahre die höhere Welt zur Gewißheit erhoben werden sollte. Die bisherige Art wurde aufgegeben und man entschied sich für den theosophischen Entwickelungsweg als Zugang zur geistigen Welt. Im wesentlichen führt er zurück auf zwei Grundtatsachen. Die eine ist diese, daß es im eminentesten Sinne notwendig ist, einen geistigen Kern [andere Nachschrift: geistiges Zentrum] zu bilden, um die Menschheit vor dem Hereinbrechen geistiger Epidemien zu bewahren. Die andere ist die, ihr die Möglichkeit zu geben, sich in eine höhere Welt hineinzuleben, sich hinaufzuentwickeln, und nicht die höhere Welt zu sich herunterziehen zu wollen. Nicht die höhere Welt soll zu uns heruntergezerrt werden, sondern wir sollen in die höhere Welt hinaufgehoben werden. Dies im richtigen Sinne erfaßt, gibt eine Idee, eine Empfindung von der eigentlichen Aufgabe der theosophischen Bewegung. In diesem Sinne stellt uns die theosophische Bewegung die Aufgabe, daß wir uns immer höher entwickeln sollen, um in die geistige Welt hineinzuwachsen. Dann, glaube ich, wird uns von selbst die Bruderschaftsidee im eminentesten Sinne zufließen. Wir werden dann nicht mehr auseinanderstreben. Nur so lange gehen die Menschen auseinander, als sie materialistisch auf diesem physischen Plane ganz allein sein wollen. In Wahrheit sind wir nur getrennt, so lange wir auf dem physischen Plane sind. Sobald wir uns hinaufleben in die höhere Welt, merken wir schon die geistige Bruderschaft; die geistige Einheit kommt uns zum Bewußtsein.
Ich habe diese geistige Bruderschaft öfter, wenigstens in Verstandesideen, vor Sie hinzustellen versucht. Sie drückt sich so schön aus in den Worten: Das bist du. - Stellen wir sie uns einmal vor die Seele. Ich habe schon einmal gesagt: Wenn Sie meine Hand abhacken, sie ist in kurzer Zeit nicht mehr meine Hand. Sie kann nur meine Hand sein, wenn sie an meinem Organismus ist, sonst ist sie keine Hand mehr, sie verdorrt. Eine solche Hand sind Sie als Mensch auch am Erdenorganismus. Denken Sie sich einige Meilen von der Erde erhoben: Sie können da nicht als physischer Mensch leben, Sie hören auf als Mensch zu leben. Sie sind bloß ein Glied unserer Erde, wie meine Hand ein Glied meines Körpers ist. Die Illusion, daß Sie selbständige Wesen sind, entsteht nur dadurch, daß Sie herumspazieren auf der Erde, während die Hand angewachsen ist. Das tut aber nichts. Goethe meinte etwas ganz Wirkliches, wenn er vom Erdgeist spricht. Er meint, daß die Erde eine Seele hat, deren Glieder wir sind. Er spricht von etwas Wirklichem, wenn er den Erdgeist sprechen läßt:
In Lebensfluten, im Tatensturm
Wall ich auf und ab,
Webe hin und her!
Geburt und Grab,
Ein ewiges Meer,
Ein wechselnd Weben,
Ein glühend Leben,
So schaff ich am sausenden Webstuhl der Zeit
Und wirke der Gottheit lebendiges Kleid.
So ist schon der physische Mensch ein Glied des Erdenorganismus und Teil eines Ganzen. Und nun bedenken Sie es geistig und seelisch: da ist es genau so. Wie oft habe ich betont, daß die Menschheit nicht leben könnte, wenn sie sich nicht auf Grund der anderen Reiche weiter entwickelt hätte. Ebenso kann der höher entwickelte Mensch nicht sein ohne den niedriger entwickelten. Ein Geistiges kann nicht sein ohne diejenigen, die zurückgeblieben sind, wie ein Mensch nicht sein kann, ohne daß Tiere zurückgeblieben sind, wie ein Tier nicht ohne Pflanze, eine Pflanze nicht ohne Mineral sein kann. Am schönsten ist dies ausgedrückt im Johannes-Evangelium nach der Fußwaschung: Ich könnte nicht sein ohne euch ... — Die Jünger sind eine Notwendigkeit für Jesus, sie sind sein Mutterboden. Das ist eine große Wahrheit. Wenn Sie in eine Gerichtsstube hineinsehen — ein Richter sitzt am Richtertisch und fühlt sich erhaben über den Angeklagten. Der Richter könnte aber auch nachdenken und sich sagen, daß er vielleicht in einem früheren Leben mit ihm zusammen war und seine Pflicht ihm gegenüber versäumt hat, weshalb der Angeklagte so geworden ist. Wenn sein Karma untersucht würde, so würde sich vielleicht ergeben, daß der Richter eigentlich derjenige sein sollte, der auf der Anklagebank sitzt. Die ganze Menschheit ist ja ein Organismus. Reißen Sie eine einzelne Seele heraus, so kann sie nicht bestehen, sie verdorrt. Ein einheitliches Band schlingt sich um uns alle. Das wird uns klar werden, wenn wir versuchen, uns in diese höhere Welt hineinzuleben, uns wirklich zu erheben und in uns den geistigen Wesenskern zu erleben. Wenn in uns ein geistiger Wesenskern lebt, wird er uns zur Bruderschaft führen. Sie ist schon da auf den höheren Planen. Auf der Erde ist davon nur ein Abbild; ein Bild dessen, was auf den höheren Planen vorhanden ist, ist die Bruderschaft auf unserer Erde. Wir verleugnen das, was schon in ans ist, wenn wir auf der Erde nicht die Bruderschaft unter uns pflegen.
Das ist die tiefere Bedeutung der Bruderschaftsidee. Daher müssen wir immer mehr und mehr versuchen, die theosophischen Gedanken so zu verwirklichen, daß wir bis in die tiefste Seele hinein unseren Mitmenschen verstehen, daß wir bei der größten Verschiedenheit der Meinungen brüderlich miteinander weilen. Das ist die richtige Zusammengehörigkeit, die richtige Bruderschaft, wenn wir nicht verlangen, daß der andere sich mit uns deshalb vertragen soll, weil er dieselbe Meinung hat, sondern wenn wir jedem Menschen das Recht zugestehen, seine eigene Meinung zu haben. Dann wird in dem Zusammenwirken der Gipfel der Weisheit errungen werden. Das ist eine tiefere Auffassung unseres ersten theosophischen Grundsatzes. Fassen wir unsere Idee der Bruderschaft so, daß wir uns sagen: Wir gehören unter allen Umständen zusammen, und wenn jemandes Meinungen auch noch so verschieden von den unseren sind — Meinungsverschiedenheiten können nie ein Grund sein, uns zu trennen. Erst dann verstehen wir uns ganz, wenn wir uns ganz gelten lassen. Freilich sind wir noch weit von dieser Auffassung der theosophischen Bruderschaft entfernt, und nicht früher kann sie wirken, bis in diesem Sinne, in diesem Stile der theosophische Gedanke Wurzel gefaßt hat.
The Origins of Spiritual Science
It is evident time and again how difficult it is for our contemporaries to understand theosophical life. Therefore, a few general thoughts on this subject should be expressed. Theosophy is something that everyone who feels drawn to it imagines must satisfy their deepest longing in relation to spiritual life. But if we want to keep the basic idea of theosophy, as it is correct in the present, before our soul, filling our entire consciousness with the thought that the spiritual is something real, then we must finally bring ourselves to recognize the dignity of our neighbor's person. We accept the personal, because as human beings with a sentient soul within our bodies, we would not allow ourselves to deliberately violate the external personality of our fellow human beings; we would not allow ourselves to attack their personal freedom. But we are not yet at that point, not by a long shot, where we extend this tolerance to the innermost being of the human being, because we are still far from knowing — at most theoretically, but not yet practically — that feeling and thought, the spiritual in general, is something real. That is clear to all of you. And it is also clear to everyone today that it is something highly real, highly tangible, when I strike someone with my hand. But people do not find it so easy to believe that it is something real when I send someone a bad thought. We must realize that the bad thought with which I approach my fellow human being, the thought of antipathy, of hatred, is just as much a blow to his soul as a blow to his face. And a harmful feeling, a feeling of hatred and dislike with which I confront my fellow human being, is really like the ordinary external injury that one inflicts on a person. Only when one is aware of this does one become a theosophist.
If we permeate ourselves completely with this awareness, if we are clear that the spirit within us is a reality, then we have grasped the theosophical idea, and then something follows for us that is the actual consequence, the important consequence of such a spiritual conception. First of all, people in an educated society will not fight each other; they will not inflict external injuries on each other. But I do not need to tell you what thoughts and opinions the people of our educated society sit side by side with. You know that. The Theosophical Society has the task of bringing sympathy and inviolability of the person to consciousness. In our time, when people are primarily concerned with having opinions and views, when seven fellow human beings sit together, they have thirteen opinions, and as a result of these thirteen opinions, they would prefer to split into thirteen parties. This is the consequence of differences of opinion, and in place of these differences of opinion, the Theosophical Movement must establish the idea of brotherhood in the deepest innermost part of the soul. We will only fully understand Theosophy, this idea of brotherhood, when we are able to sit together in brotherhood with the greatest possible diversity of other thoughts. We want not only to respect and value our neighbor as a person and treat them in such a way that we recognize them in their fullest human dignity, but we want to recognize our fellow brother or sister as a soul in the deepest core of our soul. But then we must sit together with them and remain together, even if there is the greatest diversity of opinion. No one should leave the Theosophical Society, the Theosophical Brotherhood, because of differences of opinion. That is precisely the advantage of theosophists, that they remain together in brotherhood, even when they do not agree. Until we come together in brotherhood, we are not in a position to carry out a basic theosophical idea. Only then will we be able to bring forth from our souls the deepest secrets that lie dormant within them, the deepest abilities that lie asleep at the bottom of our souls, when we are clear that we can work together with our fellow human beings, even when we have such fundamentally different opinions.
It is not without reason, as I have often said, that the Theosophical Society was founded in the last third of the 19th century. The way in which it seeks the spiritual differs significantly from other endeavors that also strive to obtain proof of the immortality of human beings. There is a great difference between the search for the eternal as found in the Theosophical Society and the search for the eternal in other spiritually oriented movements. In truth, the theosophical movement is nothing more than the popular manifestation of the occult brotherhoods that secretly spanned the world in past millennia. I have already mentioned that the most outstanding, the greatest brotherhood in Europe was founded in the 14th century as the Rosicrucian Brotherhood. This Rosicrucian Brotherhood is actually the source, the starting point for all other brotherhoods that European culture has preserved. In these brotherhoods, occult wisdom was cultivated in strict secrecy. If I were to characterize what the people united in these various brotherhoods wanted to achieve, I would have to say: those high and sublime teachings of wisdom and that work of wisdom which were cultivated in these occult brotherhoods, of which the Rosicrucian Brotherhood was the most outstanding. The teachings and work cultivated there led people to become aware of their eternal core being. They led people to find a connection with the higher world, with the worlds above us, and to look to the guidance of our older brothers, to the guidance of those who live among us and who have attained a level that you will all attain at a later time. We call them the older brothers because, ahead of general development, they have attained this high position earlier: the certainty of the eternal core of being, the awakening of it, so that human beings can see the eternal as ordinary human beings see the sensory world. To achieve this, he must emulate the elder brothers who live among us everywhere. These elder brothers or masters, the great leaders of humanity, have always been the supreme leaders and supreme heads of the occult sublime wisdom through which man becomes conscious of his eternal essence. Those who wished to be admitted to such an occult brotherhood were subjected to rigorous tests and trials until the middle of the 19th century. Only those who were clearly recognized as having a character that guaranteed that the high teachings of wisdom would never be misused for base purposes could be admitted to such a brotherhood. Furthermore, they had to demonstrate through their intelligence that they would understand what was given to them in the occult brotherhoods in the right way and in the right sense. Only if someone fulfilled these conditions, if they gave a complete guarantee that they were capable and in the necessary frame of mind to receive the highest teachings of life, could they be accepted into such a brotherhood.
As little as people want to believe it, everything truly great that happened up to the French Revolution and into the 19th century originated from these occult brotherhoods. People were completely unaware of how they were influenced by the currents emanating from the occult brotherhoods. Shall I describe a scene to you that illustrates how these brotherhoods worked occultly in the world? Let's take the following scene. A highly gifted, important man suddenly receives a visit from a seemingly unknown person. This unknown person manages to strike up a conversation with this important personality, perhaps a statesman. All this happens in the most natural way and quite “by chance,” although “by chance” should be put in quotation marks. The conversation does not contain just any random topics, because in the course of the conversation, things are said that quietly settle into the mind and intellect of the person being visited. Such a conversation, which may last only three hours, then brings about a complete transformation of the person concerned. Thus, believe it or not, many great ideas that have had a significant impact on the world have been implanted in people's minds. Thus, Voltaire's great ideas were inspired without him perhaps having any idea who he was facing, a seemingly insignificant figure who nevertheless had important things to say to him. Thus, Rousseau recorded some of the fundamental ideas he received in this way, as did Lessing.
This kind of influence, which emanated from occult brotherhoods, gradually faded away during the 19th century. The 19th century was necessarily the century of materialism. The occult brotherhoods had withdrawn. The great masters of wisdom and harmony of feeling withdrew, as one might say in technical terms, to the Orient. They ceased to exert their influence on the West. Now something very important happened in the West. Let us keep this in mind in order to understand the significance of the theosophical world movement.
It was in 1841 that those who were members of the most secret society realized that something important was about to happen in Europe. In order to stem the tide of materialism, it was necessary to channel a stream of spiritual life into humanity. At that time, a certain disagreement arose among the occultists themselves. Some said: Humanity is not yet ready to receive spiritual facts and experiences; we want to maintain the system of silence. These were the conservative occultists. This system has much to recommend it, for the dissemination of occult truths involves great dangers. Others said: The danger of materialism is too great; something must be done about it — so that at least the most elementary things are communicated to humanity. But in what form? Humanity had completely forgotten how to perceive the spirit in its true form, forgotten how to truly lift itself up to the higher worlds, completely forgotten the concept of it, so that such a world no longer exists for them at all. How can one teach such a humanity, which has only a sense for the material, that there is something spiritual? Why was it so necessary to teach humanity an awareness of the spiritual world?
Here we touch upon one of the important secrets that lie dormant in our present time. I have already pointed out here and there why there is actually a theosophical movement, why it is necessary. Those who can look into the spiritual world know that everything that exists materially has its spiritual origin, that it comes from the spiritual. There is nothing material that does not come from the spiritual. Thus, what people experience externally as health and illness comes from their attitude, from their thoughts. The saying is absolutely true: What you think today is what you will be tomorrow. — You must be clear that if an age has bad, corrupt thoughts, the next generation and the next age will have to pay for this physically. It is the truth of the saying: The sins of the fathers will be avenged in so many generations. The people of the 19th century did not begin to think so crudely in material terms, to turn their minds away from everything spiritual, without punishment. What people thought at that time will come to pass. And we are not so far from strange diseases and epidemics appearing in our humanity! What we call nervousness will take on serious forms in half a century at the latest. Just as there was once plague and cholera and leprosy in the Middle Ages, there will be epidemics of the soul, diseases of the nervous system in epidemic form. These are the real consequences of the fact that people lack a spiritual core in their lives. Where there is an awareness of this core as the center of life, people become healthy under the influence of a healthy, true, and wise worldview. But materialism denies the soul, denies the spirit, hollows out the human being, and directs them to their periphery, to their surroundings. Health only exists when the deepest core of a person's being is spiritual and true. The real illness that follows the hollowing out of the inner self is the spiritual epidemic we are facing.
In order to give people an awareness of their spiritual core, we have a Theosophical Society. Its primary purpose is the healing of humanity, not that one person or another should know this or that. Whether you know that reincarnation and karma exist—I mean, whether you merely know this—is not important. What is important is that these ideas become part of the very blood of the soul, the spiritual core of being, for they are healthy. Whether we prove them or not, whether we can establish a science that explains reincarnation and karma in a strictly mathematical way, is not important. There is only one proof for the spiritual scientific teachings, and that is life. The spiritual scientific teachings will prove to be true if a healthy life arises under their influence. This will be the true proof of the theosophical teachings. Anyone who wants proof of theosophy must experience theosophy; then it will prove to be true. Every step and every day must gradually bring us proof of the spiritual scientific teachings.
For this reason, a Theosophical Society was formed. But how can one teach a materialistic 19th-century humanity that there is a spirit? First, the spiritualist movement arose. It arose precisely because people did not believe that humanity could be taught that there is something spiritual; the spirit had to be shown, seen with the eyes. In Stuttgart, someone asked why Theosophy could not provide Haeckel with tangible proof that spirit exists. You see, spirit must be shown tangibly! This was first attempted through spiritualism. It was attempted for decades, until the 1960s and 1970s. But then a very fatal fact emerged. Let us consider this fact for a moment. You can see from it what the difference is between the theosophical way of rising to the higher worlds and every other way. We are not talking here for a moment about the truth or falsehood of the phenomena of spiritualism. It is clear that there are phenomena that call beings from other worlds into our world, so that even for those who only admit the sensual, actual proof can be created. We are beyond the folly of anyone saying that there is a lot of fraud in spiritualism. There is also counterfeit money, but there is also real money.
However, we do not want to discuss the question of truth any further. But what did a person who participated in a spiritualist séance experience? We assume – anything else is out of the question – that we are dealing with true revelations. If the apparition of a deceased person was presented to him, he obtained clear proof of the immortality of the human soul. He had material proof; he was able to convince himself that the dead are still there in some world and that they can even be called into our world. But this just shows that knowledge is not important, that knowledge is not the main thing. Let us assume that you were all convinced in this way, that we bring a deceased person into this society through a spiritualist séance. You would then know that the human soul is immortal. But now the question is this: Does such knowledge have any real significance in the higher sense for true higher human life? That is what was believed at first. It was believed that people would be raised to a higher level if they knew that immortality existed. But this is the point where the spiritual scientific view of the world definitely differs from one that only provides clear, visible proof of immortality.
Here is a kind of comparison: I have often spoken about all kinds of higher worlds, I have described what it looks like in the astral world and in Devachan, and you know that after death, human beings first enter the astral world and then the Devachan world. Now let us assume that there are many here who say: We cannot believe what he is telling us, it is too improbable for us! — Those who do not believe it, who leave and do not come back, would actually have to prove their opinion all by themselves. But those who come back despite not believing it, it does not matter. To those who come back, I would say: Don't believe me at all, you don't need to believe anything, it doesn't matter! You can even think it's a hoax, or believe that I'm telling you something that comes from a realm that is as fantastical as possible — but listen to it and take it in! — That's what matters. Imagine I were to draw you a map of Asia Minor. Someone might come along and say: What he is drawing there in terms of rivers and mountains is nonsense. I would say to him: I don't care if you don't believe me. But take it in, look at it, and keep it in mind. When you then come to Asia Minor, you will find that it is correct, and you will then know your way around. — That is the main thing — also for astronomers — to go into the higher realms with the map in your hand; that is the essential thing that matters. The same is true of knowledge of a higher world: We can only enter this higher world if we take in something of the nature of this higher world within ourselves. When the astral is described here, you must take in something of the nature of that vibrating and moving world of the astral, and when Devachan is mentioned, you must take in something of the nature of this world, which is so opposite to ours. If you simply connect with these thoughts and live your way up into these higher realms, you will get a feeling for the state of consciousness we have when the astral world is around us, for the state of consciousness when the devachanic world is around us. If you relive the states that the seer has when he rises into these worlds, then you have something else than if you have tangible proof that you can experience something. That is the difference between the spiritual scientific method and all other ways of obtaining certainty about the spiritual.
Through theosophy, we try to lift ourselves up into the higher worlds, to enable ourselves to feel the spiritual directly, so that we can already feel a breath of the higher worlds in the physical world. The spiritualist view I described earlier seeks to bring the spiritual world down into the physical world, to present it to us as if it were material. The theosophist seeks to lift the human world up into the spiritual sphere. The spiritualist says: If the spirits are to be proven to me, they must come down to me. They must, so to speak, tickle me, then they will become perceptible to my sense of touch. The theosophist goes up to them, he seeks to approach them; he seeks to educate himself in his soul so that he can understand the spiritual.You can get an idea of this by making a simple comparison. Even with some higher spiritual beings who are incarnated in the flesh, it is difficult to rise up to them under the present circumstances. Put yourself in the position of Christ Jesus appearing in the present day! How many do you think would accept him? I am not saying that some would run to the police if someone appeared with the pretensions that Christ Jesus once had. But it depends on whether people are ready to see what lives beside them.
Here is another comparison: A singer was invited to dinner, but she arrived a little late. Her chair remained empty between two gentlemen. One was her friend Felix Mendelssohn, the other a gentleman she did not know. She enjoyed talking to Mendelssohn, and the gentleman on her left was very polite to her, showing her all kinds of courtesies, but she found them distasteful. So she asked Mendelssohn, “Who is that stupid fellow sitting next to me?” “That is the famous philosopher Hegel,” replied Mendelssohn. Had she been invited to see Hegel, she would certainly have behaved differently. But since she sat next to him without knowing who he was, she thought he was a stupid fellow.
Believe me, it is quite possible that a master personality will cross your path and you will consider him a stupid fellow. When these higher individualities are incarnated in the flesh, humans can only recognize them if they have made themselves capable of doing so. If Christ Jesus were to descend to us today and did not appear as people imagine him, they would not recognize him. That is what theosophy wants: it wants to develop and transform humans, to enable them to recognize the higher worlds. And this presents a difficulty for our present cultural consciousness. It is important that what lives in the higher world should not descend to us, but that we should ascend to it. We must enable ourselves to ascend to the higher worlds. This alone gives us the ability, when we depart from here in death, to reach the higher worlds in a dignified manner. Those who have the map, the map that is formed out of life, can truly know their way around Asia Minor. Those who have already become acquainted with the things that await them there enter a familiar world; they know what is there.
However, the mere knowledge that such a world exists does not matter so much. Here we stand on the edge of a great mystery and another “fact of great importance,” and based on this fact, European and American occultists decided in the 1870s to abandon spiritualist tactics and initiate the theosophical movement. The great occultist conference held in Vienna at that time provided the important impetus for the change in tactics.
In order to initiate the spiritualist movement, it was necessary to carry out certain procedures. These procedures, which were carried out in educated countries, originated with American occultists or lodges. In these lodges, the spiritualist path was decided upon. It consisted of offering certain circles the opportunity to provide tangible proof of immortality through a kind of galvanization of certain dead people. This meant that the astral corpses of certain ‘dead’ people were first sent into the spiritualist circles, into the physical world, on the astral plane. They were supposed to prove immortality. One may now ask: Is it the task of the occultists of the earth to make the dead appear? Certainly, for those who work occultly, there is no boundary between the dead and the living. They can visit the deceased in the astral world and in Devachan. If they wish, they can also really prove immortality in spiritualist circles, as I have described. Please note and bear in mind this fact. Those who are not well versed in these matters may not find it entirely understandable. For occultists, however, it was different. It became apparent that this way of convincing oneself of immortality was not only worthless, but in a certain respect extremely harmful. This way of obtaining tangible proof of immortality in the sensory world, without the person becoming better, was not only worthless, but even quite harmful, for the following reasons.
Imagine that the people who obtained proof of immortality in this way strayed from the longing to ascend to the spiritual world; they had become materialists even in relation to the spiritual world. According to their knowledge, they were spiritualists, but according to their habits of thought, they were nothing more than materialists. They believed in a spiritual world, but thought that it should be seen with the senses and not with the spirit. So it turned out that those who came to Kamaloka with such materialistic habits of thought were even more unfamiliar with recognizing things over there than the materialists. Materialists usually believe they are in a dream world; that is what usually happens when one comes over. The materialist believes he is dreaming, and he believes at any moment he will wake up. In Kamaloka, man sees himself: he dreams, he sleeps, he wants to wake up.
For those who have laboriously acquired a conviction about the spiritual world and now notice that the spiritual world looks quite different, it is not just that they find themselves in a dream world, but the difference between what they believed the spiritual world to be and how it now appears to them weighs on them like a lead weight. Consider that when people come over to Kamaloka, they already have enough to endure, especially if they do not have the satisfaction of their desires, such as gourmets, for whom this satisfaction is only possible if they have their tongue or their senses, and they no longer have them; then it is similar to having a burning thirst, or to being in a boiling oven. It is a slightly different feeling from the feeling of burning thirst, but still similar. When you consider all that a person has to experience over there and what they have to go through, it can be summed up in these words: they must get used to being able to live without a body. — This is difficult for those who are strongly attached to the sensual. For those who have torn themselves away from the sensual, it is not so difficult. Those who have done nothing to elevate their soul, who have done nothing to develop their soul to a higher level, feel this difference between what is spiritual and what is sensual as a difference in weight, like a lead weight hanging on them. It really is like a difference in weight. The spiritual requires a completely different way of perception than the sensual, and now the person concerned expects the spiritual to be material and concrete again; and there in the spiritual world, they find that the astral is completely different. Then the difference seems like a weight that pulls them back into the physical world. And that is the worst thing.
For these reasons, the Masters of Wisdom have departed from the way in which, in the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s, the higher world was to be elevated to certainty. The previous approach was abandoned, and the theosophical path of development was chosen as the gateway to the spiritual world. Essentially, this leads back to two basic facts. One is that it is necessary in the most eminent sense to form a spiritual core [other annotation: spiritual center] in order to protect humanity from the onset of spiritual epidemics. The other is that we must give humanity the opportunity to live its way into a higher world, to develop upwards, and not to try to pull the higher world down to itself. It is not the higher world that should be dragged down to us, but we who should be lifted up into the higher world. Understanding this in the right sense gives us an idea, a feeling for the actual task of the theosophical movement. In this sense, the theosophical movement sets us the task of always developing higher in order to grow into the spiritual world. Then, I believe, the idea of brotherhood in the most eminent sense will flow to us of its own accord. We will then no longer strive to separate ourselves. People only separate themselves as long as they want to be completely alone on this physical plane in a materialistic way. In truth, we are only separated as long as we are on the physical plane. As soon as we live our way up into the higher world, we already notice the spiritual brotherhood; we become aware of spiritual unity.
I have often tried to present this spiritual brotherhood to you, at least in intellectual ideas. It is so beautifully expressed in the words: That is you. Let us imagine it before our soul. I have said before: if you chop off my hand, it will soon no longer be my hand. It can only be my hand if it is attached to my organism, otherwise it is no longer a hand, it withers away. As a human being, you are also such a hand on the earthly organism. Imagine yourself lifted a few miles above the earth: you cannot live there as a physical human being; you cease to live as a human being. You are merely a limb of our earth, just as my hand is a limb of my body. The illusion that you are independent beings arises only because you walk around on the earth, while the hand is attached to the body. But that does not matter. Goethe meant something very real when he spoke of the Earth Spirit. He meant that the Earth has a soul, of which we are members. He speaks of something real when he lets the Earth Spirit speak:
In the floods of life, in the storm of action
I surge up and down,
Weaving back and forth!
Birth and grave,
An eternal sea,
A changing weave,
A glowing life,
So I create on the whirring loom of time
And weave the living garment of the deity.
Thus, the physical human being is already a member of the Earth organism and part of a whole. And now consider it spiritually and soulfully: it is exactly the same. How often have I emphasized that humanity could not live if it had not developed further on the basis of the other kingdoms. Likewise, the more highly developed human being cannot exist without the less developed. The spiritual cannot exist without those who have remained behind, just as a human being cannot exist without animals remaining behind, just as an animal cannot exist without plants, and a plant cannot exist without minerals. This is most beautifully expressed in the Gospel of John after the washing of the feet: I could not be without you ... — The disciples are a necessity for Jesus, they are his mother soil. That is a great truth. When you look into a courtroom — a judge sits at the judge's table and feels superior to the defendant. But the judge could also reflect and say to himself that perhaps in a previous life he was with him and failed in his duty towards him, which is why the defendant has become what he is. If his karma were examined, it might turn out that the judge should actually be the one sitting in the dock. The whole of humanity is an organism. If you tear out a single soul, it cannot survive, it withers away. A unified bond surrounds us all. This will become clear to us when we try to live into this higher world, to truly elevate ourselves and experience the spiritual core of our being. When a spiritual core lives within us, it will lead us to brotherhood. It is already there on the higher planes. On earth, there is only a reflection of it; an image of what exists on the higher planes is the brotherhood on our earth. We deny what is already within us when we do not cultivate brotherhood among ourselves on earth.
This is the deeper meaning of the idea of brotherhood. Therefore, we must try more and more to realize theosophical thoughts in such a way that we understand our fellow human beings in the depths of our souls, that we remain brotherly with one another even when our opinions differ greatly. This is true togetherness, true brotherhood, when we do not demand that others agree with us because they have the same opinion, but when we grant every person the right to have their own opinion. Then, through cooperation, the summit of wisdom will be attained. This is a deeper understanding of our first theosophical principle. Let us understand our idea of brotherhood in such a way that we say to ourselves: We belong together under all circumstances, and even if someone's opinions are very different from ours, differences of opinion can never be a reason to separate us. Only then do we understand each other completely when we accept each other completely. Of course, we are still far from this understanding of theosophical brotherhood, and it cannot take effect until the theosophical idea has taken root in this sense, in this style.