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The Christian Mystery
GA 97

4 February 1907, Karlsruhe

X. The Lord's Prayer

All the prayer formulas and words of wisdom that have come down to us from the great religions contain many of the profound secrets of existence. Only we have to understand that all the different religions had prayer but differed in so far as with some of them prayer took more the form of meditation, as it is called, whilst Christianity and some other religions had prayer in the true sense, as we know it today. Meditation is above all part of Oriental religions. It means to enter deeply into a spiritual content, and this is done in such a way that by entering deeply into this the individual concerned finds himself in accord with the worlds divine and spiritual ground and origin. Please understand me rightly. Some religions give their members formal meditations, which may be prayer-like formulas into which people enter deeply, so that they become aware of the stream of divine and spiritual life present in their souls, giving themselves to the divine ground and origin of the spirit at such moments. The formulas are essentially based on thoughts, however. Basically speaking, Christian prayer is no different, only the content is more based on inner responses and feelings. A Christian enters into the essence of the divine that streams through the world more by way of inner responses and feelings.

It should not be thought, however, that Christian prayer has always been, or indeed can be, taken the way it often is today. There is an exemplary Christian prayer in which Christ Jesus himself showed, as clearly as anyone can possibly show, what the mood of a Christian should be in prayer. It is simply this: ‘Father, if it can be done, let this cup pass away from me, but not my will but your will be done.’103Matthew 26: 39. Let us consider these words. In the first place it is a genuine petition―to let the cup pass, but at the same time wholly given up to the will of the divine spirit: ‘But not my will but your will be done.’ This mood, where we let the will of the divine spirit be alive in us as we pray, giving ourselves up to it, not wanting anything for ourselves but letting the divine spirit have its will in us, this mood must be present as an undertow, the basic note in our prayer if it is to be Christian.

It is quite clear that with this it is impossible to have an egotistical prayer. It is also impossible for other reasons to offer an egotistical prayer to God, for then one of us would ask for rain, his neighbour for sunshine, and both would be asking for purely egotistical reasons, not to speak of situations where two armies face each other about to do battle and each asks that it may be victorious, which is of course quite impossible. But if there is a basic mood of ‘not my will but your will be done’, we can ask for anything, for we are then giving ourselves up to the will of the divine spirit. I would like to ask for this, but I leave it to the divine spirit to decide if it shall come to be or not.

That is the basic mood of Christian prayer, and it is in this aspect that the most comprehensive, most universal prayer of Christian tradition arose—the Lord's Prayer, which tradition says was taught by Christ Jesus himself. It is indeed one of the most profound prayers in the world. Today we are no longer able to know the profound depths of the Lord's Prayer in its original language. But the thoughts it contains are so tremendous that it does not lose anything in any language.

When you consider the prayers of other nations, you will find prayers to have been of the kind I have characterized wherever religions are in their prime, have reached their peak. However, once the religions had come down in the world those prayers assumed a character that was no longer entirely right. They have become magic formulas, means of idolatry. At the time when Christ Jesus taught his people to pray, many, many such magic formulas were in use, all of them having had profound meaning at their origin. Such magic incantations would always refer to things people liked in outward ways, asking for things in an egotistical way governed by personal wishes. The lord taught that Christians should not pray like that. That kind of prayer has to do with superficial things. A Christian should say his prayer in seclusion, that is, in his inmost soul, the part of it where the human being can make the connection with the divine spirit. We must understand, of course, that something lives in every human being that may be compared to a drop from the ocean of the divine, that there is something in every human being that is like God. It would be wrong, however, to think that a human being in himself is like God. When we say: something in the human being is like God, this does not mean the human being himself is equal to God, for a drop taken from the ocean is the same as the ocean in substance, but it is not the ocean. And so the human soul is a drop from the ocean of the divine, but it is not God, and just as the drop can unite with its own substance when you pour it into the sea, so does the soul, being a drop of divinity, unite with its God in a spiritual way during prayer or meditation. This union of the soul with its God is called ‘to pray in private’ by Christ Jesus.

As a first step we have characterized the mood of Christian prayer, the Christian human mood needed for this prayer. We can now contemplate the contents of the Lord's Prayer itself. The words were that the Lord's Prayer is the most comprehensive prayer. You will therefore feel the need, as I do, to take a very comprehensive look at the world in order to understand the Lord's Prayer. We'll have to take a long roundabout route to understand it. We need to consider the nature of the human being from a particular point of view. You know that we do this the way it has been done in spiritual research through the ages. Let us briefly consider it once more.

When we have a human being before us, we have first of all the physical body which has its substance and forces in common with all minerals and seemingly lifeless products of nature. But this physical human body is not the only thing we have in the space before us, which is what materialists may think; it is only the lowest principle of human nature. The next principle we discern is the ether body or life body of the individual, and this he has in common with the plants and the animals, for every plant, every animal and every human being must call the chemical and physical matter into life; they cannot give life to themselves. The third principle is the astral body, the bearer of pleasure and pain, drives, desires and passions and the notions we have in everyday life. Man could not have any of these if it were not for the astral body. He only has it in common with the animals. Animals, too, feel pleasure and pain, have drives, desires and passions, and so they also have this body. And so the human being has his physical body in common with the seemingly lifeless minerals, and his ether or life body with all things that grow and reproduce themselves, the whole plant world. He has his astral body in common with animal nature. Then he has one more thing and this is something that takes him beyond the three natural worlds of this earth, making him the apotheosis of creation. This is the fourth principle of his essential nature.

We find it if we give the matter a little thought. There is one name that differs from all others. You cannot say ‘I’ to anyone else. To everyone else I am a ‘you’, and everyone else is a ‘you’ to me. ‘I’ is a name the meaning of which can only arise in the inner soul itself. It can never come to you from outside if it refers to you yourself. People who lived with the more profound religions always knew this, at all times, and they would therefore say: ‘When the soul begins to give this name to itself inwardly, the god in man begins to speak, the god who speaks through the soul.’ The name ‘I’ cannot come from outside, it has to arise in the soul itself. This is the fourth principle of human nature.

Occultists of the Hebrew faith called this ‘I’ the name of God that may not be spoken. ‘Yahweh’ actually means ‘I am’. Whatever interpretation scholars lacking inner knowledge may give, in reality it meant ‘I am’, and that is the fourth principle of the essential human being. These are the four aspects that make up man in the first place. We also call them the four members of man's ‘lower’ nature.

Now to understand the whole nature of man you will have to go back a little in human evolution. This takes us to many different peoples that preceded us—ancient German and central European development, the Graeco-Latin and Chaldean peoples, Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians and Hebrews, the Persian peoples and all the way back to the people with whom our present civilization started, the Indians. They, too, had ancestors but those lived somewhere quite different, on the continent which now is the bottom of the sea between Europe and America, on Atlantis. This was washed away by tremendous floods, the land went down in a mighty natural event that lives on in the myths and legends of all nations as the Flood.

But even Atlantis was not the earliest civilized land on earth. Going back a long way we come to the region where man developed his present-day form, a land that lay more or less between today's Indochina, Australia and Africa. This was ancient Lemuria, a land where conditions were very different from those we know today. People do not usually realize how great and comprehensive the changes have been that occurred on earth in the course of human evolution. There we come to a time when man's lower nature did already exist. Creatures consisting of the four members—physical body, ether body, astral body and I-nature—went about on earth then. They were organized at a higher level than the highest animals of today, but they were not yet human—animal-humans, but definitely not like today's animals. Our animals are degenerate descendants that have developed from those animal-humans by lagging behind and by involution. Something very special happened among those animal-humans which lived at that time.

They were ripe at that time to receive the power into them which is our higher power of soul. We might put it like this: lower human nature united with the human soul at that time. This human soul had until then rested in the keeping of the godhead, being an inherent part of the godhead itself. Up above, therefore, in the realm of the spirit, there was the divine spirit, and down below were the fourfold human forms, which had been maturing up to this point and were now ready to receive droplets of this divine spirit. We can get an idea of what happened then by using a picture. Think of a glass of water. You take a hundred tiny sponges and try gradually to take up a drop of the water with each of these sponges. You then have a hundred drops which previously had been completely one with the water and are now distributed among one hundred small sponges. This is a simple image to show you how the process of ensoulment went at that time. Until then the soul had rested within the great universal divine spirit like a drop in our glass of water. The physical human forms then acted the way our small sponges do. Droplets of the spirit separated out from the universal divine substance; they became individual, and as souls were like drops in those enveloping forms. They then began to develop the human being as he is today, an entity with soul and body. Those souls incarnated for the first time then. Afterwards they went through many, many incarnations, developing their human body into the form it has today. The event which happened at that time, however, was that parts of the divine principle united with the lower members of human nature. They progressed with every incarnation, became more perfect with every incarnation, to reach a certain culmination at a future time.

We call this part of higher nature which came in as a power at that time, changing lower nature and in the process of change rising to a higher level itself, the core of man's essential nature: spirit self, life spirit and spirit man, or manas, buddhi, atman. These are the elements of the divine spirit through which man gradually transforms his lower into his higher nature, step by step. With his power of manas he restructures the astral body, with buddhi the ether body, and with the power of atman he restructures the physical body. He has to transfigure them all, making them spiritual, if he is to reach the goal of his evolution one day. And so we once had four members—physical body, ether body, astral body and I—and at that time were then given the seed potential for higher development which is really something that flows from the highest spirit—the threefold higher nature of man, the divine core of our being, the divine potential in man. We can look at this higher part of human nature in two ways. One is to say: that is the higher nature of man, and man is developing towards it in the course of evolution. Or we consider it to be part of the divine spirit from which it has come, the divine element in the human being. A Christian will primarily consider it in this second way, and we are going to do this as well now and see if we can discern the essence of these higher powers in human nature. We'll start with the highest principle, the element which in man is called the power of atman. What I am going to tell you now is not some kind of external definition, for I want to characterize the true nature and essence of this higher principle of human nature. The principle that becomes power of atman is, in so far as it is a power that comes from the divine spirit, will-like by nature. Think of your own powers of will, of the part in you that is able to will, and you have a shadowy reflection, a shadowy picture of the element that comes from the power of atman, from the divine. The human will is the human being's least developed power today. The will is, however, able to develop more and more, until the time comes when it reaches its culmination and is able to achieve what is known in all religions as ‘the great offering’ or ‘the great sacrifice’.

Imagine yourself standing before a mirror and looking into it. Your image is exactly like you in every aspect of your physiognomy, your gestures; it is like you in everything, but it is a dead image of you. You stand in front of it as a living entity and come face to face with your dead image which is like you in everything except for your livingness, your substance and content. Imagine now that your will has developed to the point where it would be capable of deciding to give up your own existence, your own essential nature and give it over to your mirror image. You would then be able to sacrifice yourself wholly, so that your mirror image may be given your life. Such a will is said to ‘emanate’, to let its own essence go. It is the highest development of the will, known to Christians as the ‘divine will of the father’.

The human will, then, is today the least developed of our soul powers. It is, however, in the process of developing such power that it will be able to achieve ‘the great sacrifice’. That is the true nature of the potential which lies in the power of atman—will-like nature in so far as it is an out-flowing of divine essence.

Let us now consider the second principle of man's higher nature—the buddhi or life spirit—looking at it as an out-flowing of the divine spirit, which is the view taken in Christianity. You will find it easiest to get an idea of it if you now consider not the power that flows out to give life to the mirror image but to the mirror image itself. In the mirror image the original being is perfectly repeated; it is the same, and yet not the same. If you apply this to the world, to the whole universe—how the divine world will in one point is reflected in all directions.

Think of a hollow sphere, as it were, that is reflective inside. The one point inside is reflected inwards infinitely many times. Everywhere, in infinite recapitulation, the divine world will; mirror images everywhere, aspects of the divine.

Look at the cosmos, the universe like this, as a mirroring of the infinite world will. The divine world will is not in any one entity that exists but is it reflected everywhere in infinitely many ways. The mirroring of the godhead—with the godhead remaining at the point where it is but at the same time giving life to every point in which it is reflected by making ‘the great sacrifice’―that is the ‘kingdom’ in Christian terminology. And this term ‘the kingdom’ refers to the element which in man is the buddhi. If you consider the universe with regard to the creative, productive principle that flows from the divine origin, then the element that comes immediately next to the atman is the buddhi, the divine spark. As a ‘kingdom’ it is universal and cosmic.

And let us now turn our attention from this to the details of the kingdom. We first considered it as a whole. Now we come down to detail. In what way do we distinguish the one from the other? With the ‘name’, as it is called in Christian terminology. Each is given a name, and that is how distinction is made between the many different things, the individual aspects of the kingdom. To a Christian, the ‘name’ is something which is often called the ‘idea’, the particular nature of a thing. Just as an individual person is distinguished from another by name, so the name is felt to be such that it also holds part of the mirrored divine essence. A Christian has the right relationship to this name if he understands that every aspect of the kingdom is an out-flowing of the divine, and knows with every bite of bread that it is an out-flowing, a mirror and a part of the godhead. A Christian should clearly understand this in relation to even the least of things. In human nature, the individual spirit brings it about that each becomes an individual compared to others. What the name is in the kingdom, man has in his individual spirit self or manas because he is a separate part of the godhead, has a separate name, a name which for each individual goes through all incarnations.

So we now have this threefold nature before us as an out-flowing of the divine spirit, and in this sense atman is the will of the godhead, buddhi or the life spirit the kingdom of the godhead, and manas or the spirit self the name of the godhead.

Let us now consider the four lower members of human nature, beginning with the physical body, which is the lowest. It has the same material substances and forces as outer physical nature, but is also constantly converting those substances and forces. These move in and out of the human physical body, and its very existence depends on their moving in and out. It can only continue by continually renewing and changing itself using the outer physical substances. It forms a whole with the rest of physical nature. Just as you cannot cut off this finger and have it remain what it is—it will shrivel up as soon as you separate it from the rest of the body and is what it is only because it is part of the whole organism—so you cannot separate the physical human body from the earth and have it remain as it is. Man thus is an entity that is connected with the elements of the earth. Physical substances and forces move in and out, and this makes him such that he can only maintain his essential nature through them. This characterizes the physical body.

The second member is the ether or life body. Here we must understand that it is the principle which calls the merely physical substances and forces to life. It bears the powers of growth and reproduction, the signs of life altogether, and also something entirely different—all the qualities of the human being that are of a more lasting nature than his short-lived drives, desires and passions. What makes him different from them? If you want to grasp this difference, think back to the time when you were eight years old. Think of everything you have learned since then, all the concepts and ideas, experiences and events that have enriched your soul—it is a tremendous amount. But now you need to think about something else, and that is how slowly, at a snail's pace, something else is going. Remember that you had a violent temper as a child, and consider if this temper does not still come through at times, with your inclinations or your temperament still largely the same. All this has not changed as much as your experiences have. You might compare the things you learn, experience, with the minute hand of a clock, and the changes in character, temperament and habit with the hour hand. This difference exists because the former are sustained by the astral body, whereas the latter, which move so slowly, are sustained by the ether body. If your habits change, that is a change in your ether body. When you have learned something, it is a change in your astral body.

For someone who becomes a pupil of genuine occultism in the higher sense, training is not a matter of external learning, for all occult training takes place in the ether body. You therefore have done more for your actual occult training if you have managed to change just one deep-rooted character trait than if you have gained any amount of external knowledge. Distinction is therefore made between the exoteric, which is sustained by the ether body, and esoteric, which is what the ether body needs. The ether body also sustains memory as a quality, not as the memorizing of things. If your memory is to get clearer, for instance, this involves changing the ether body; if it gets less good, this is a change in the ether body, a change in your power of memory. Something else is also of infinite importance for us. The way human beings are now, they live in two directions. Each belongs to a family, a tribe, nation and so on, and has certain qualities in common with others, qualities that relate him to that context. French people have different ones from Germans, these again others than the English, and so on. They all have certain tribal characteristics in common. But apart from this each has his own individual characteristics, and with these goes beyond nation or tribe, becoming an individual person. You are part of a community because of particular qualities of the ether body. The ether body has the qualities through which you are a member of a nation, a race, and humanity as a whole. But to find the things that take you outside this community, you have to look to the astral body. This makes people individual.

A person's whole life in the community therefore depends on his ether body finding the right balance with the ether bodies of the people with whom he has to live. If it cannot find it, the person cannot live in that community, something will go wrong and he'll be on the outside. The human ether body thus has the task of adapting to other ether bodies. The astral body gives the individual aspect; it must above all live in such a way that the person does not commit personal sins. The astral body goes astray in one direction or another because of personal sins; those are the failings of the astral body. Being out of harmony with the community, those are failings of the ether body. When esoteric Christians were accurate in their use of words they would call the failings of the ether body ‘trespass’ or ‘fault’, something that upsets the balance in relation to others. A failing of the astral body, which arises from one's individual nature, was called ‘falling into temptation’. The astral body is subject to temptation in its drives, passions and desires. It falls into error by falling to temptation within itself. That was the distinction made between ‘fault’ and ‘falling into temptation’ in esoteric Christianity.

Now to the fourth member of the essential human being—the I. We spoke of the physical body, which exists on the basis of metabolism, exchange of substances; the ether body, which may have committed faults; the astral body which may fall into temptation. Now the I. It is the very source and origin of self-seeking, of egotism. It was the I which brought it about that the element which was at one in the great divine spirit has entered into many individuals. It was due to the I that it fell away from oneness and entered into individual. Christian gnosis therefore considered the I to be the actual origin of egotism and selfishness. For as long as the individual entities were at one in the godhead, they could not go against one another. They could only do this when the ‘I’s had become separate. Before, they could only will as the godhead willed. This way of developing in opposition to others which is egotism is called the failing of the I, and in Christian tradition the moment when this soul descends into the body is exactly defined as the Fall, biting into the apple. The actual failing of the I is called ‘evil’. The failing of the fourth member thus is evil. Only the I can fall into evil, and this came about when the bite was taken of the apple. In Latin, the word malum means both ‘apple’ and ‘evil’.

So, to sum up once more, the physical body is the same as the physical elements all around it and sustains itself in the continual exchange of substances and forces, in metabolism. The ether body is the principle which maintains the balance with other members of the community; it may commit faults. The astral body, which should not fall to temptation, and the I, which must not fall victim to egotism, to evil.

This fourfold principle unites with the threefold higher principle which is the divine core of being:

willkingdomname
atmanbuddhimanas

Think of prayer as the human being uniting himself with the godhead, doing so in seclusion. The original concept in Christendom was that the soul was seen as divine, a droplet from the ocean of the godhead. And this soul must plead that it may return again to its origin. This origin of divine human nature is given the name ‘father’. And the goal towards which the soul strives, where it will be united again with the principle that is called the ‘father’, is the devachan or heaven.

And now we think of the prayer of prayers—an appeal that individual human nature may find the way to divine father-nature.

This prayer had to plead that the three higher principles of human nature might be able to develop, ask that the ‘will’, the highest out-flowing of the divine, might come to realization in man; that the second principle of divine nature, the ‘kingdom’, might spread in the human being; that the third principle, the ‘name’, might be felt to be holy. This would therefore relate to the three higher principles, the divine nature in man. And for the four lower members of human nature one would ask: let my physical body be given the substances it needs to sustain itself. Let the ether body find the balance between its fault and the fault of others, so that it may live in harmony with the others. The prayer would have to be a plea that temptation would not drag down the astral body, and that the I might not fall into the evil that flows from egotism.

In a prayer of prayers, you must ask to be united with the father. You should do this in such a way that the individual aspects of your sevenfold nature are there before you in your prayer:

‘Our father, who are in heaven.’

You first invoke the father, then make the petitions that relate to the three higher principles:

‘Hallowed be your name, let your kingdom come to us.’

‘Your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven.’

Then the four petitions that relate to the other four members of the essential human being:

‘Give us today our daily bread.’

‘Forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us.’

That is coming to terms with the people among whom we live.

‘Lead us not into temptation.’

Our astral body.

‘But deliver us from evil.’

Meaning from any out-flowing of egotism.

The seven petitions of the Lord's Prayer thus relate to the evolution of sevenfold human nature. From the depth of wisdom, going beyond the human being, the Lord's Prayer has been given to Christians as a Christian prayer, and in it lies everything that is known about the human being in theosophy. You only have to understand it and you have the whole of theosophical wisdom, in so far as it relates to man.

Prayers that do not just have a short-term effect but take hold of human souls through millennia, lifting up human hearts, have all arisen from the most profound wisdom. No such prayer has ever been given by someone putting together beautiful or uplifting words at will. They have been taken out of the most profound wisdom, for this alone gives them the power to influence human souls through millennia.

The objection that a simple mind will know nothing of this wisdom is pointless. The mind does not need to know any of this, for the power of the Lord's Prayer comes from that wisdom, and this influences human beings even if they do not know about it.

It merely has to be understood in the right way. Someone sees a plant and is delighted by it. Even the most naive mind will be delighted, though it knows nothing of the divine wisdom that lies in the plant. It is the same with the great prayers. You need not know the wisdom, and yet the prayer will have the power, the wisdom, the ability to lift us up, the sanctity of prayer. It may be born out of the greatest wisdom, but what matters is not to know that wisdom but to experience its power.

It is only in our time that the possibility exists to discover the things which Christ Jesus put into prayer and know again the power he put into it, especially the Lord's Prayer. It has been taken from the greatest depths of wisdom and knowledge about man and his sevenfold nature, and because of this it is great and powerful for even the simplest of minds, and even more uplifting for someone who is also able to gain the wisdom that lies in it. And it does not lose any of its power in the process, a power it has always had, touching us deeply and lifting our spirits. For the whole of theosophy, divine wisdom, lies in the Lord's Prayer.

The lord often spoke to the multitudes in parables. But when he was alone with his disciples he would explain the parables to them, for they had to gain the strength from the wisdom-filled explanation of the parables that would make them his messengers, make them know the means by which he himself gained the magical power that would make his work have the influence it was to have for millennia.

So this is something that can help us enter into the meaning of the Lord's Prayer.

Das Vaterunser

In all den gebetsartigen Formeln und sonstigen Weisheitssprüchen und dergleichen, die uns überkommen sind von den großen Religionen, liegt überall viel von den tiefen Geheimnissen des Daseins. Wir müssen uns nur darüber klar sein, daß alle die verschiedenen Religionen das Gebet hatten, daß sie sich allerdings in einer bestimmten Art unterschieden, indem die einen das Gebet mehr in der Form der sogenannten Meditation, das Christentum und einige andere Religionen dagegen das eigentliche, wirkliche Gebet hatten, wie es unter diesem Namen heute bekannt ist. Meditationen haben vorzugsweise die orientalischen Religionen. Meditation ist ein SichVersenken in einen geistigen Inhalt, und zwar so, daß der Betreffende in diesem geistigen Inhalt, in den er sich versenkt, ein Zusammengehen mit dem geistig-göttlichen Urgrund der Welt findet. Also fassen Sie das richtig auf: Es gibt Religionen, die ihren Angehörigen Meditationsformeln geben, zum Beispiel bestimmte gebetsartige Formeln, in die man sich versenkt und in deren Versenkung man fühlt, wie der Strom des göttlich-geistigen Lebens die Seele durchzieht, und der Mensch in diesen Momenten in dem göttlichen Urgrund des Geistigen aufgeht. Diese Formeln sind aber mehr Gedankeninhalt. Im Grunde genommen ist das christliche Gebet auch nichts anderes, nur ist sein Inhalt ein mehr empfindungs- und gefühlsmäßiger. Der Christ versenkt sich mehr auf dem Wege der Empfindung und des Gefühls in das göttliche Wesen, das die Welt durchströmt.

Man darf aber nicht glauben, daß das christliche Gebet immer in einem solchen Sinne aufgefaßt wurde oder überhaupt so aufgefaßt werden kann, wie es heute vielfach geschieht. Es gibt ein christliches Urgebet, in dem der Christus Jesus selbst, so klar als es irgend möglich ist, darauf hingewiesen hat, welche Stimmung für den Christen im Gebet notwendig ist. Und dieses Urgebet ist einfach das: «Vater, ist es möglich, so laß diesen Kelch an mir vorübergehen, doch nicht mein, sondern dein Wille geschehe.» Fassen wir einmal diese letzten Worte ins Auge. Wir haben es zunächst mit einer wirklichen Bitte zu tun: das Vorübergehenlassen des Kelches, aber zu gleicher Zeit mit einem völligen Aufgehen in dem Willen des Göttlich-Geistigen: «Doch nicht mein, sondern dein Wille geschehe.» Diese Stimmung, daß man während des Gebets den Willen des Göttlich-Geistigen durch sich hindurchwirken laßt, aufgeht darin, nichts für sich will, sondern in sich die Gottheit wollen läßt, diese Stimmung muß als eine Unterströmung, ein Grundton das Gebet durchdringen, wenn es christlich sein soll.

Klar ist, wie unmöglich es ist, hierdurch ein egoistisches Gebet zu haben. Es ist ja schon auch aus andern Gründen unmöglich, ein egoistisches Gebet zu Gott zu schicken, denn der eine würde bitten um Regen, der Nachbar um Sonnenschein, beide würden bitten aus ihrem Egoismus heraus, ganz abgesehen von dem Falle, wo zwei Heere kampfbereit einander gegenüberstehen, und jedes bittet, daß ihm der Sieg verliehen werde, was ja ganz ausgeschlossen ist. Aber wenn man den Unterton, den Grundton hat, «nicht mein, sondern dein Wille geschehe», dann kann man um alles bitten, dann ist das ein Aufgehen in dem göttlich-geistigen Willen. Ich möchte um das bitten, aber ich stelle es der göttlich-geistigen Wesenheit anheim, zu entscheiden, ob es mir werden soll oder nicht.

Dies ist die Grundstimmung des christlichen Gebets, und von diesem Gesichtspunkte aus ging nun das umfassendste, universellste Gebet der christlichen Überlieferung: Das Vaterunser, das nach der christlichen Überlieferung von Christus Jesus selbst gelehrt worden ist. Dieses gehört tatsächlich zu den allertiefsten Gebeten der Welt. Wir können nur heute nicht mehr die ganze volle Tiefe des Vaterunsers ermessen, wie es die Ursprache ergeben hat, in der es gelehrt wurde. Aber der Gedankeninhalt ist ein so gewaltiger, daß er in keiner Sprache auch nur irgendwie Einbuße erleiden könnte.

Wenn Sie zu den Gebeten anderer Völker gehen, dann finden Sie überall da, wo die Religionen in ihrer Blüte stehen, ihre Höhe erreicht haben, Gebete in dem Sinne, der Ihnen charakterisiert worden ist. Solche Gebete haben allerdings dann, wenn die verschiedenen Religionen heruntergekommen sind, einen weniger richtigen Charakter angenommen: Sie sind zu Zauberformeln geworden, zu Mitteln des Götzendienstes, und in der Zeit, in der Christus Jesus die Seinigen beten lehrte, waren viele, viele solcher Zauberformeln - die ja alle da, wo sie entstanden sind, etwas Tiefes bedeuteten - im Gebrauch. Solche Zauberformeln bezogen sich immer auf das, was man äußerlich gerne hatte, also gerade auch auf eine egoistische, von persönlichen Wünschen erfüllte Bitte. So sollen die Christen nicht beten, lehrte der Herr. Das ist ein Gebet, das sich auf Äußeres bezieht. Der Christ soll so beten, daß sein Gebet im stillen Kämmerlein geschieht, und das ist das Innerste der menschlichen Seele, jener Teil, in dem sich der Mensch mit der göttlich-geistigen Wesenheit verbinden kann. Klar müssen wir uns ja sein, daß in jedem Menschen etwas lebt, das wir als einen Tropfen aus dem Meere des Göttlichen bezeichnen können, daß etwas in jedem Menschen ist, was Gott gleich ist. Es wäre aber ganz falsch, zu denken, daß deshalb der Mensch selbst Gott gleich sei. Wenn man sagt: Etwas ist im Menschen, das Gott gleich ist —, so heißt das noch nicht, auch der Mensch selbst ist Gott gleich, denn ein Tropfen aus dem Meere ist seiner Substanz nach dem Meere gleich, aber der Tropfen ist doch nicht das Meer. So ist die menschliche Seele ein Tropfen aus dem Meere der Gottheit, aber sie ist nicht Gott, und so wie der Tropfen sich mit seiner eigenen Substanz vereinigen kann, wenn Sie ihn ins Meer gießen, so vereinigt sich die Seele als ein Tropfen der Gottheit in geistiger Weise in Gebet oder Meditation mit ihrem Gott. Dieses Vereinigen der Seele mit ihrem Gott heißt Christus Jesus, das Beten im stillen Kämmerlein.

Wenn wir nun zunächst charakterisiert haben, welches die Gesinnung des christlichen Gebetes und die Forderung bei diesem Gebet in bezug auf die christliche, menschliche Gesinnung ist, dann werden wir uns nun den Inhalt des Vaterunsers selbst vor die Seele rücken können. Gesagt wurde Ihnen, daß das Vaterunser das umfassendste Gebet ist. Deshalb werden Sie es mit mir für nötig finden, daß wir, um das Vaterunser zu verstehen, einmal eine ganz umfassende Weltbetrachtung anstellen. Es wird ein weiter Umweg notwendig sein, das Vaterunser zu begreifen. Wir müssen von einem gewissen Gesichtspunkte aus das Wesen des Menschen betrachten. Sie wissen, daß wir das so tun, wie die Geistesforschung der Jahrtausende es immer betrachtet hat. Führen wir uns das noch einmal rasch vor die Seele. |

Wenn ein Mensch vor uns steht, so steht da zunächst der physische Leib, den er in seinen Stoffen und Kräften mit allen Mineralien und scheinbar leblosen Naturprodukten gemeinsam hat. Dieser physische Leib des Menschen ist aber nicht, wie etwa der materialistische Sinn meint, allein in dem Raume vor uns, sondern er ist nur das allerunterste der Glieder der menschlichen Wesenheit. Als nächstes Glied unterscheiden wir den Ätherleib oder Lebensleib des Menschen, den er gemeinschaftlich mit den Pflanzen und Tieren hat, denn jede Pflanze, jedes Tier und jeder Mensch muß die chemischen und physischen Stoffe aufrufen, so daß sie zum Leben kommen, nicht durch sich selbst können sie sich Leben geben. Das dritte Glied ist der astralische Leib, der Träger von Lust und Leid, Trieben, Begierden und Leidenschaften und den gewöhnlichen Vorstellungen des täglichen Lebens. Alles das könnte der Mensch nicht haben, wenn er nicht diesen astralischen Leib hätte. Diesen hat er nur noch mit den Tieren gemeinschaftlich. Auch das Tier hat Lust und Leid, Triebe, Begierden und Leidenschaften und hat also auch diesen Leib. Den physischen Leib hat der Mensch demnach gemeinschaftlich mit den scheinbar leblosen Mineralien, den Äther- oder Lebensleib mit allem was wächst und sich fortpflanzt, mit dem ganzen Pflanzenreich; den astralischen Leib hat er gemeinschaftlich mit der tierischen Natur. Dazu hat er noch etwas, wodurch er hinausgeht über diese drei Naturreiche der Erde, wodurch er die Krone der Erdenschöpfung ist. Das ist das vierte Glied seiner Wesenheit.

Wir kommen dazu, wenn wir eine kleine Überlegung anstellen. Es gibt einen Namen, der sich unterscheidet von allen übrigen: «Ich» können Sie zu niemand anderem sagen. Für jeden anderen bin ich ein «Du», und jeder andere ist für mich ein «Du». «Ich» kann nur als Name für das, was es bedeutet, im Inneren der Seele selbst ertönen, niemals kann es von außen an Sie heranklingen, wenn es Sie selbst bedeutet. Das haben die tieferen Religionen immer empfunden zu allen Zeiten, und daher sagten sie: Wenn die Seele anfängt, im Inneren diese ihre Selbstbezeichnung sich zu geben, dann fängt der Gott im Menschen zu sprechen an, der Gott, der durch die Seele spricht. Der Name «Ich» kann nicht von außen hineintönen, er muß in der Seele selbst ertönen. Das ist das vierte Glied der menschlichen Wesenheit.

Die hebräische Geheimwissenschaft hat dieses Ich den unaussprechlichen Namen Gottes genannt. «Jahve» bedeutet nichts anderes als: «Ich bin». Was eine äußere Wissenschaft auch für Interpretationen geben kann, in Wahrheit hat es bedeutet: «Ich bin» — das vierte Glied der menschlichen Wesenheit. Dieses sind die vier Glieder, aus denen der Mensch zunächst besteht. Wir nennen sie auch die vier Glieder der sogenannten niederen Natur des Menschen.

Nun müssen Sie, um die ganze Wesenheit des Menschen zu verstehen, in der menschlichen Entwickelung noch ein wenig zurückgehen. Da kommen wir zurück zu mannigfaltigen Völkern, die uns vorangegangen sind: die alte germanische und mitteleuropäische Entwickelung, die griechisch-lateinischen und chaldäischen Völker, Ägypter, Assyrer, Babylonier und Hebräer, die persischen Völker bis hinunter zu dem Volk, von dem unsere jetzige Kultur ausgegangen ist: zu dem indischen Volk. Dieses hat seinerseits aber auch wieder Vorfahren gehabt, welche aber ganz woanders gelebt haben, und zwar auf jenem Erdteil, der jetzt der Meeresboden zwischen Europa und Amerika ist, in der Atlantis. Diese ist durch mächtige Fluten hinweggespült worden, der Boden hat sich gesenkt durch ein gewaltiges Naturereignis, das sich in den Mythen und Sagen aller Völker als die Sintflut erhalten hat.

Aber auch dieses ist noch nicht das älteste Kulturland der Erde. Vor langen Zeiten kommen wir zurück in das Gebiet, wo der Mensch in seiner heutigen Form entstanden ist, ein Land, das ungefähr zwischen dem heutigen Hinterindien, Australien und Afrika lag: das alte Lemurien, ein uraltes Land, in dem ganz andere Verhältnisse als heute auf der Erde geherrscht haben. Gewöhnlich stellt man sich viel zu wenig vor, wie groß und ganz umfassend die Umänderungen auf der Erde im Laufe der Menschheitsentwickelung selbst waren. Da nun treffen wir einen Zeitpunkt an, in dem die niedrige Natur des Menschen schon vorhanden war. Damals wandelten auf dieser Erde Wesenheiten, die aus diesen vier Gliedern bestanden: physischem Leib, Ätherleib, Astralkörper und der IchNatur. Diese Wesenheiten waren höher organisiert als die höchsten heutigen Tiere, nur noch keine Menschen: Tiermenschen, aber nicht etwa wie die heutigen Tiere. Diese sind degenerierte Nachkommen, die sich von diesen Tiermenschen durch Zurückbleiben und Zurückbildung entwickelt haben. Mit diesen Wesen also, die damals lebten, ist in jener Zeit etwas ganz Besonderes geschehen.

Damals waren sie reif, eine gewisse Kraft in sich aufzunehmen, eine Kraft, welche unsere höhere Seelenkraft ist. Es fand, wenn wir das so ausdrücken wollen, damals die Vereinigung der niederen Menschennatur mit der menschlichen Seele statt. Diese Menschenseele ruhte bis dahin im Schoße der Gottheit, war ein Glied innerhalb der Gottheit selbst. Oben also, im Reiche des Geistigen, haben wir die göttlich-geistige Wesenheit, unten die bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt herangereiften viergliedrigen Menschenhüllen, die fähig waren, Tropfen dieser Gottheit aufzunehmen. Bildlich können wir uns nun vorstellen, was damals geschah. Denken Sie sich ein Glas mit Wasser, Sie nehmen hundert kleine Schwämmchen und versuchen, nach und nach jedes dieser Schwämmchen mit einem Tropfen aus diesem Wasser anzusaugen, dann haben Sie hundert Tropfen, die vorher mit dem Wasser ganz verbunden waren, verteilt auf hundert Schwämmchen. So können Sie sich bildlich und einfach vorstellen, wie dazumal der Prozeß der Beseelung vor sich ging. Die Seele ruhte bis dahin in der großen allgemeinen göttlichen Wesenheit wie der Tropfen in dem Glase Wasser. So wie diese Schwämmchen wirkten, so wirkten diese physischen Menschenhüllen. Es sonderten sich diese geistigen Tropfen aus der gemeinsamen göttlichen Substanz heraus, sie wurden individualisiert, sie waren als Seelen Tropfen in den Hüllen darin und fingen dazumal an, den Menschen eigentlich zu bilden, wie er jetzt ist, als eine geistig-physische Wesenheit. Dazumal verkörperten sich diese Seelen zum ersten Mal, gingen dann durch viele, viele Verkörperungen hindurch und bildeten ihren Menschenleib aus bis zu seiner heutigen Gestalt. Aber was dazumal geschehen ist, ist die Vereinigung von Teilen der Gottheit mit den niederen Gliedern der Menschennatur. Mit jeder Verkörperung kamen sie weiter, mit jeder Verkörperung wurden sie vollkommener, um in der Zukunft einen gewissen Höhepunkt zu erlangen.

Diesen Teil der höheren Natur, der sich dazumal verbunden hat als eine Kraft, welche die niedere Natur umänderte und sich in dieser Umänderung selbst erhöht, nennen wir den höheren Wesenskern des Menschen: Geistselbst, Lebensgeist und Geistesmensch oder Manas, Buddhi, Atma. Es sind das also die Teile der göttlichen Wesenheit, durch die der Mensch stufenweise die niedere Natur in die höhere allmählich überführt. Durch seine Kraft des Manas gestaltet er den astralischen Leib um, durch die Buddhi den Ätherleib, und durch die Kraft des Atma gestaltet er den physischen Leib um. Sie alle also hat er zu verklären, zu durchgeistigen, um einmal das Ziel seiner Entwickelung zu erlangen. So hatten wir einmal die vier Glieder: physischen Leib, Ätherleib, Astralleib und Ich, und wir haben in jener Zeit dazu erhalten die Keimanlage zur Höherentwickelung, die eigentlich ein Ausfluß der höchsten geistigen Wesenheit ist: die dreifache, höhere Wesenheit des Menschen, den göttlichen Wesenskern, die göttliche Anlage des Menschen. Diesen höheren Teil der menschlichen Natur können wir nun von zwei Gesichtspunkten aus betrachten. Der eine ist der, daß wir sagen: Das ist die höhere Menschennatur, zu der sich der Mensch im Laufe der Entwickelung hinentfaltet. Oder aber wir betrachten ihn als einen Teil der göttlichen Wesenheit, von der er ausgeflossen ist, der göttliche Teil im Menschen. Der Christ betrachtet ihn zunächst im letzteren Sinne, und wir wollen dies nun auch tun und studieren, welcher Art diese höheren Kräfte der menschlichen Natur sind. Wir gehen von dem höchsten Glied aus, von dem, was im Menschen die Kraft des Atma genannt wird.

Was ich Ihnen jetzt schildere, ist nicht etwa irgendeine äußere Definition, sondern ich möchte Ihnen die wirkliche Natur und Wesenheit dieses höheren Teiles der menschlichen Natur charakterisieren. Dasjenige, was zur Kraft des Atma wird, das ist nämlich, insofern es eine Kraft ist, die aus der Gottheit fließt, willensartiger Natur. Wenn Sie sich auf Ihre eigene Willenskraft besinnen, auf das, was in Ihnen wollen kann, dann haben Sie eine schattenhafte Nachbildung, einen schattenhaften Abglanz dessen, was aus der Kraft des Atma, aus der Gottheit ausfließt. Der Wille des Menschen ist heute die Kraft, die noch am wenigsten ausgebildet ist. Der Wille kann sich aber immer weiter und weiter ausbilden, bis eine Zeit kommen wird, da er einmal auf seinem Höhepunkt angelangt ist, dann, wenn dieser Wille fähig sein wird, das zu vollbringen, was man in den Religionen «das große Opfer» nennt.

Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie stünden vor einem Spiegel und schauten hinein. Ihr Bild gleicht Ihnen vollständig in jedem Teile Ihrer Physiognomie, Ihrer Gesten, in allem ist es Ihnen gleich, es ist aber Ihr totes Bild. Sie stehen davor als eine lebendige Wesenheit und haben es mit Ihrem toten Bilde zu tun, das Ihnen in allem gleich ist bis auf die lebendige Wesenheit, bis auf den substantiellen Inhalt. Denken Sie sich einmal, Ihr Wille wäre bis zu dem Punkte gewachsen, daß er imstande wäre, den Entschluß zu fassen, Ihr eigenes Dasein, Ihre eigene Wesenheit aufzugeben und diese abzugeben an Ihr Spiegelbild; Sie wären imstande, sich ganz hinzuopfern, um Ihr Spiegelbild mit Ihrem Leben zu versehen. Von einem solchen Willen sagt man: er emaniert, er strömt sein eigenes Wesen aus. Es ist das die höchste Entfaltung des Willens, das, was das Christentum den «göttlichen Vaterwillen» nennt.

Der menschliche Wille ist also heute unter allen Seelenkräften das am wenigsten ausgebildete Glied. Er ist aber auf dem Wege, sich zu solcher Macht hin zu entfalten, daß er «das große Opfer» zu vollbringen imstande ist. Das ist die wirkliche Natur dessen, was sich als die Kraft des Atma entwickeln kann: willensartige Natur, insofern es ein Ausfluß göttlicher Wesenheit ist.

Nun wollen wir das zweite Glied der höheren menschlichen Natur betrachten, die Buddhi oder den Lebensgeist, unter dem Gesichtspunkt eines Ausflusses von der Gottheit, wie es im Christentum betrachtet worden ist. Sie bekommen am leichtesten einen Begriff davon, wenn Sie sich nun nicht an die Kraft halten, die von sich ausströmt, um das Spiegelbild zu beleben, sondern an das Spiegelbild selbst. In dem Spiegelbild entsteht eine vollständige Wiederholung der ursprünglichen Wesenheit, es ist dasselbe — und doch nicht dasselbe -, wenn Sie das auf die Welt anwenden, auf das ganze Universum: wie der göttliche Weltenwille in einem Punkte nach allen Seiten gespiegelt wird.

Denken Sie gleichsam eine Hohlkugel, die nach innen spiegelt. Der eine Punkt im Inneren wird unendlichfach nach innen gespiegelt. Überall in unendlicher Vermannigfaltigung der göttliche Weltenwille, überall Spiegelbilder, Einzelheiten des Göttlichen.

Betrachten Sie so den Kosmos, das Universum als eine Spiegelung des unendlichen Weltenwillens. In keinem einzelnen Wesen ist der göttliche Weltenwille darin, aber überall spiegelt sich der Weltenwille in der mannigfaltigsten Weise. Die Spiegelung der Gottheit — wobei die Gottheit in dem Punkte bleibt, wo sie ist, und doch jeden Punkt, in dem sie sich spiegelt, durch «das große Opfer» belebt — das nennt man das «Reich» im christlichen Sinne. Und dieser Ausdruck, das Reich, bezeichnet dasselbe, was im Menschen die Buddhi ist. Wenn Sie das Universum in bezug auf das schöpferische, produktive Prinzip betrachten, das aus dem Ursprünglichen, Göttlichen ausfließt, so ist dasjenige, was sich zunächst an das Atma anschließt, sein göttlicher Lebensfunke, die Buddhi. Als «Reich» ist es universell-kosmisch.

Und nun wenden wir den Blick von da herunter auf die Einzelheiten des Reiches. Wir haben es erst als ein Ganzes betrachtet. Jetzt gehen wir zum einzelnen herunter. Wodurch unterscheidet man das eine von dem andern? Durch das, was man im christlichen Sinne den «Namen» nennt. Ein jedes wird benannt, und dadurch unterscheidet man das Mannigfaltige, Einzelne des Reiches untereinander. Der Christ versteht unter dem Namen das, was vielfach die Vorstellung genannt wird, das, was einem Dinge eigen ist. Wie der einzelne Mensch sich von dem andern durch den Namen unterscheidet, so wird der Name so empfunden, daß in ihm zugleich ein Teil der göttlichen gespiegelten Wesenheit liegt. Der Christ verhält sich richtig zu diesem Namen, wenn er sich klar ist, daß ein jedes Glied des Reiches ein Ausfluß des Göttlichen ist, bei jedem Bissen Brot, daß er ein Ausfluß, ein Spiegel und ein Teil der Gottheit ist. Den geringsten Dingen gegenüber soll der Christ sich darüber klar sein. In der menschlichen Natur macht es das individuelle Geistselbst aus, daß er ein einzelner den andern gegenüber wird. Was im Reich der Name ist, das hat der Mensch in dem einzelnen Geistselbst oder Manas dadurch, daß er einen besonderen Teil der Gottheit bildet, einen besonderen Namen für sich hat, den Namen, der sich bei den einzelnen Menschen durch alle Inkarnationen hindurchzieht.

So sehen wir nun diese dreifache Natur vor uns als einen Ausfluß der göttlich-geistigen Wesenheit, und in diesem Sinne ist Atma der Wille der Gottheit, Buddhi oder der Lebensgeist das Reich und Manas oder das Geistselbst der Name.

Nun betrachten wir die vier niederen Teile der menschlichen Natur, von unten anfangend zuerst den physischen Leib. Dieser ist dasjenige, was dieselben Stoffe und Kräfte hat wie die äußere physische Natur, aber auch dieselben Stoffe und Kräfte fortwährend umsetzt. Diese ziehen ein und aus im menschlichen physischen Leib, und nur dadurch ist er da, daß diese Stoffe und Kräfte fortwährend ein- und ausziehen. Er kann nur dadurch bestehen, daß er sich fortwährend erneuert und umsetzt durch die äußeren physischen Stoffe. Er ist ein Ganzes mit der übrigen physischen Natur. So wenig Sie diesen Finger abschneiden können, so daß er bleibt, was er ist — er verdorrt, sobald Sie ihn vom übrigen Körper trennen, er ist das, was er ist, nur dadurch, daß er im ganzen Organismus ist —, ebensowenig können Sie den physischen Menschenleib so von der Erde trennen, daß er bleibt, was er ist. So ist der Mensch nur das, was er im Zusammenhang mit den Elementen der Erde ist. Die physischen Stoffe und Kräfte ziehen aus und ein in ihm, und dadurch ist er dasjenige, wodurch er einzig und allein seine Wesenheit erhalten kann. Damit ist dieser physische Leib charakterisiert.

Das zweite Glied ist der Äther- oder Lebensleib. Bei ihm müssen wir uns klar sein, daß er das ist, was die bloß physischen Stoffe und Kräfte zum Leben aufruft. Er ist der Träger von Wachstum und Fortpflanzung, der Lebenserscheinungen überhaupt, aber auch noch von ganz etwas anderem: von allen denjenigen Eigenschaften des Menschen, welche bleibenderer Natur sind als die vorübergehenden Triebe, Begierden und Leidenschaften. Wodurch unterscheidet er sich von diesen? Wenn Sie diesen Unterschied fassen wollen, dann denken Sie einmal nach, zurück bis zu der Zeit, da Sie acht Jahre alt waren. Denken Sie daran, was Sie seitdem alles gelernt haben, mit wieviel Begriffen und Vorstellungen, Erlebnissen und Erfahrungen Sie Ihre Seele bereichert haben — es ist ungeheuer viel. Aber nun denken Sie über etwas anderes nach: Wie langsam, im Schneckengang, etwas anderes geht. Denken Sie daran, wie Sie ein jähzorniges Kind waren, und sagen Sie, ob dieser Zorn jetzt nicht noch manchmal durchdringt, wie Ihre Neigungen oder Ihr Temperament zum großen Teile dieselben geblieben sind. Das alles hat sich nicht so viel geändert wie Ihre Erlebnisse. Was man lernt, erlebt, erfährt, das kann man vergleichen mit dem Minutenzeiger der Uhr, und die Änderungen in bezug auf Charakter, Temperament und Gewohnheit mit dem Stundenzeiger der Uhr. Diese Verschiedenheit ist vorhanden, weil der ersteren Träger der Astralleib ist, während diese andern, die so langsam gehen, den Ätherleib zum Träger haben. Wenn sich Ihre Gewohnheiten ändern, so ist das eine Veränderung in Ihrem Ätherleibe. Haben Sie nur dieses oder jenes gelernt, so bedeutet das eine Veränderung im Astralleib.

Bei dem, der im höheren Sinne ein Schüler des eigentlichen Okkultismus wird, beruht diese Schulung nicht auf äußerem Lernen, sondern alle geheimwissenschaftliche Schulung geht im Ätherleib vor sich. Daher haben Sie für die eigentliche okkulte Ausbildung mehr getan, wenn es Ihnen gelungen ist, nur irgendeine festgewurzelte Charaktereigenschaft umzubilden, als wenn Sie noch soviel außeres Wissen sich angeeignet hätten. Demnach unterscheidet man exoterisch, wofür der Ätherleib Träger ist, und esoterisch, was der Ätherleib braucht. Der Ätherleib ist auch der Träger des Gedächtnisses als Eigenschaft, nicht der Erinnerung. Wenn das Gedächtnis zum Beispiel schärfer werden soll, so ist damit eine Umänderung des Ätherleibes verknüpft, oder schwindet es, so ist das im Ätherleib eine Änderung, eine Änderung der Gedächtniskraft. Noch etwas, das uns unendlich wichtig ist: Der Mensch lebt, so wie er jetzt ist, nach zwei Richtungen hin. Jeder gehört einer Familie, einem Stamm, Volk und so weiter an, und es sind auch gewisse Eigenschaften, die er mit den andern gemeinschaftlich hat und die ihn zu jenem Zusammenhang verbinden. Der Franzose hat andere als der Deutsche, dieser wiederum andere als der Engländer und so fort. Sie haben alle gewisse Stammeseigenschaften gemeinsam. Daneben hat aber jeder wieder seine eigenen, individuellen Eigenschaften, wodurch er herauswächst aus seinem Volk, wodurch er dieser besondere Mensch wird. Man ist ein Angehöriger einer Gemeinschaft wegen gewisser Eigenschaften des Ätherleibes. Der Ätherleib hat die Eigenschaften, durch die man einem Volk, einer Rasse, überhaupt der menschlichen Gemeinschaft angehört. Wollen Sie aber das erfassen, wodurch Sie herauswachsen aus dieser Gemeinschaft, so ist das im Astralleib zu suchen. Dieser bedingt das Individuelle im Menschen.

Daher hängt alles Leben eines Menschen in der Gemeinschaft davon ab, daß sein Ätherleib den richtigen Ausgleich findet mit den Ätherleibern derer, mit denen er zusammenleben muß. Findet er diesen nicht, so kann er nicht mit ihnen zusammenleben, es geht schief, er fällt heraus. So daß also dieser Ätherleib des Menschen die Aufgabe hat, sich den andern Ätherleibern anzupassen. Der astralische Leib bedingt das Individuelle, er hat vor allen Dingen so zu leben, daß der Mensch nicht persönliche Sünden begeht. Das, wodurch der Astralleib da- oder dorthin abirrt, sind die persönlichen Sünden, sind Verfehlungen des astralischen Leibes. Die Disharmonie mit der Gemeinschaft, das sind Verfehlungen des Ätherleibes. Die christliche Esoterik nannte nun, wenn sie genau sprach, die Verfehlungen des Ätherleibes «Schuld», das, was das Gleichgewicht mit den andern stört. Eine Verfehlung des Astralleibes, die durch die Individualität bedingt ist, hieß in der christlichen Esoterik ein «Unterliegen der Versuchung». Der Astralleib unterliegt in bezug auf seine Triebe, Leidenschaften und Begierden der Versuchung. Dadurch irrt er ab, daß er in sich selbst der Versuchung verfällt. So unterschied man in der christlichen Esoterik «Schuld» und ein «Unterliegen der Versuchung».

Nun noch das vierte Glied der menschlichen Wesenheit: das Ich. Wir hatten den physischen Leib, der durch den Stoffwechsel besteht, den Ätherleib, der behaftet sein kann mit Schuld, den Astralleib, der der Versuchung erliegen kann. Nun das Ich. Es ist der Urgrund der Selbstsucht, des Egoismus. Das Ich, das ist dasjenige, das bewirkt hat, daß das, was Eins war in dem großen göttlich-geistigen Wesen, in die vielen eingezogen ist. Der Abfall aus der Einheit des Göttlichen in die einzelnen hinein ist durch das Ich bedingt. Deshalb sah das christliche Wissen in dem Ich den eigentlichen Ursprung des Egoismus und der Selbstsucht. Solange die einzelnen Wesenheiten in der Gottheit vereint waren, konnten sie nicht gegeneinander streben. Dies konnten sie erst in der Absonderung als Iche. Vorher konnten sie nur das wollen, was die Gottheit wollte. Dieses Gegeneinander-sich-Entwickeln, das dem Egoismus entspricht, das nennt das Christentum die Verfehlung des Ich, und die christliche Überlieferung bezeichnet den Zeitpunkt sehr genau, wo diese Seele heruntersteigt in den Leib durch den Sündenfall, durch den Apfelbiß. Die eigentliche Verfehlung des Ich bezeichnet man mit dem Ausdruck «Übel». Die Verfehlung des vierten Gliedes ist also das Übel. Dem Übel verfallen kann also nur das Ich, und dies entstand durch das, was mit dem Apfelbiß bezeichnet wird. Malum ist ja im Lateinischen dasselbe Wort für Apfel und Übel.

Also nochmals kurz zusammengefaßt: Der physische Leib ist gleich mit den physischen Elementen rings um sich und erhalt sich durch den fortwährenden Wechsel der Stoffe und Kräfte, Stoffwechsel. Der Ätherleib ist das, was das Gleichgewicht hält mit den andern Gliedern der Gemeinschaft und das der Schuld verfallen kann. Der astralische Leib, der nicht der Versuchung erliegen soll, und das Ich, das nicht dem Egoismus zum Opfer fallen darf, dem Übel.

Diese viergliedrige Wesenheit schließt sich zusammen mit der dreigliedrigen höheren, dem göttlichen Wesenskern:

Nun fassen Sie einmal das Gebet auf als eine Verbindung des Menschen im stillen Kämmerlein mit der Gottheit selbst. Im Ursinne des Christentums ist es eben so, daß die Seele als göttlich dargestellt wird, als Tropfen vom Meere der Gottheit. Und diese Seele muß erflehen, daß dieser abgesonderte Tropfen wiederum zu seinem Ursprunge hinkommt. Diesen Ursprung der göttlichen Wesenheit des Menschen bezeichnet man mit dem Vater-Namen. Und das, wonach die Seele strebt, wo sie wieder vereinigt sein wird mit dem, was man mit dem Vater-Namen bezeichnet, ist das Devachan oder der Himmel.

Und nun denken wir uns das Urgebet: Eine Anrufung des Hinganges des einzelnen menschlichen Wesens zu dem, was die göttliche Vaternatur ist.

Dieses Gebet mußte erflehen, daß die drei höheren Glieder der Menschennatur zur Entwickelung kommen mögen, bitten, daß der «Wille», der der höchste Ausfluß des Göttlichen ist, im Menschen sich verwirklichen möge; daß das zweite Glied der göttlichen Wesenheit, das «Reich», im Menschen Platz greifen soll; daß das dritte Glied, der «Name», als heilig empfunden werden solle. Es würde sich dies also beziehen auf die drei höheren Glieder der göttlichen Wesenheit im Menschen. Und für die vier niederen Glieder der menschlichen Natur würde man bitten: Es mögen meinem physischen Leibe zukommen die Stoffe, die er braucht zu seinem Unterhalt. Der Ätherleib möge einen Ausgleich finden zwischen seiner Schuld und der Schuld der andern, er möchte in Harmonie mit den andern zusammenleben. Das Gebet müßte erflehen, daß für den astralischen Leib keine Versuchung ihn herunterziehe, und für das Ich, daß es nicht dem Übel, dem eigentlichen Ausfluß dessen, was man Egoismus nennt, verfallt.

Ihr sollt Eure Vereinigung mit dem Vater in einem Urgebete erflehen. Ihr sollt das in dem Sinne tun, daß die einzelnen Glieder Eurer siebengliedrigen Wesenheit in Eurem Gebete Euch vor der Seele stehen:

«Vater unser in den Himmeln. Erst ruft Ihr den Vater an, dann bringet die Bitten, die sich auf die drei höheren Glieder beziehen:

«Geheiligt werde dein Name, zu uns komme dein Reich.»

«Dein Wille geschehe, wie im Himmel also auch auf Erden.»

Dann die vier Bitten, die sich auf die vier übrigen Glieder der menschlichen Natur beziehen:

«Gib uns heute unser täglich Brot.»

«Vergib uns unsere Schulden, wie auch wir vergeben unseren Schuldigern.»

Das ist der Ausgleich mit denjenigen, unter denen wir leben.

«Führe uns nicht in Versuchung»: Unser astralischer Leib.

«Sondern erlöse uns von dem Übel»: das heißt: von jeglichem Ausfluß des Egoismus.

So haben Sie in den sieben Bitten des Vaterunser den Sinn der Entwickelung der siebengliedrigen Menschennatur gegeben. Aus der Tiefe der Weisheit über den Menschen heraus ist das Vaterunser als ein christliches Gebet den Christen gegeben, und die ganze theosophische Weisheit über den Menschen liegt im Vaterunser darin. Man braucht es nur zu verstehen, und man hat die ganze theosophische Weisheit, insofern sie sich auf den Menschen bezieht.

Diejenigen Gebete, die nicht nur kurz wirken, sondern die durch Jahrtausende hindurch die Seelen ergreifen und die Herzen erheben, sind alle aus der tiefsten Weisheit geschöpft. Niemals ist ein solches Gebet so gegeben worden, daß man in beliebiger Weise schöne oder erhabene Worte zusammengestellt hat, sondern man hat sie aus der tiefsten Weisheit heraus genommen, weil sie nur so die Kraft haben, über die Jahrtausende hinüber zu wirken auf die Seele der Menschen.

Nicht gilt der Einwand, daß ja die naive Seele nichts weiß von dieser Weisheit. Sie braucht nichts zu wissen, denn die Kraft, die das Vaterunser hat, kommt doch aus dieser Weisheit, und sie wirkt, auch wenn man nichts davon weiß.

Man muß es nur in der richtigen Weise verstehen: Ein Mensch geht hin vor eine Pflanze und ist entzückt davon. Auch das naivste Gemüt wird entzückt sein und weiß doch vielleicht nichts von der göttlichen Weisheit, die in der Pflanze ist. Ebenso ist es mit den großen Gebeten. Man braucht ebensowenig die Weisheit zu kennen, und ein solches Gebet hat doch die Kraft, die Weisheit, die Erhebung, die Heiligkeit des Gebetes. Ist es auch herausgeboren aus der höchsten Weisheit, so kommt es doch nicht darauf an, diese Weisheit zu wissen, sondern darauf, die Kraft der Weisheit zu erleben.

Erst in unserer Zeit ist die Möglichkeit vorhanden, wiederum das herauszuholen, was Christus Jesus hineingelegt hat in das Gebet, und wiederum das zu wissen, was er als Kraft hineingelegt hat besonders in das Vaterunser. Weil es aus den größten Tiefen der Weisheit über den Menschen selbst herausgeschöpft ist, über seine siebengliedrige Natur, deshalb ist es groß und gewaltig auch für das naivste Gemüt, und erst recht wiederum erhebend für einen, der auch die Weisheit herausschöpfen kann, die darinnen ist. Und nichts verliert es dabei von der Macht, die es immer ausgeübt hat, erschütternd und erhebend, wie die ganze Theosophie, die göttliche Weisheit, in dem Vaterunser darinnen ruht.

Der Menge sagte der Herr vieles in Gleichnissen. Wenn er aber mit seinen Jüngern allein war, legte er sie ihnen aus, denn sie sollten aus der weisheitsvollen Erklärung der Gleichnisse jene Kraft schöpfen, durch die sie seine Boten werden konnten, durch die sie wissen konnten, wodurch er selbst jene Zauberkraft erlangt hat, wodurch sein Werk über die Jahrtausende hin zu wirken berufen war.

Das ist dasjenige, was in den Sinn des Vaterunsers hineinführen sollte.

The Lord's Prayer

In all the prayer-like formulas and other words of wisdom and the like that have been handed down to us from the great religions, there is much of the deep mystery of existence. We must only be clear that all the different religions had prayer, although they differed in a certain way, in that some had prayer more in the form of so-called meditation, while Christianity and some other religions had actual, real prayer, as it is known by that name today. Meditation is found primarily in the Eastern religions. Meditation is an immersion in spiritual content, in such a way that the person concerned finds a union with the spiritual-divine source of the world in this spiritual content into which they immerse themselves. So understand this correctly: there are religions that give their members meditation formulas, for example, certain prayer-like formulas into which one immerses oneself and in whose immersion one feels how the stream of divine spiritual life flows through the soul, and in these moments the human being is absorbed into the divine source of the spiritual. However, these formulas are more like thoughts. Basically, Christian prayer is no different, except that its content is more sensory and emotional. Christians immerse themselves more in the divine essence that flows through the world by way of sensation and feeling.

However, one must not believe that Christian prayer has always been understood in this sense, or that it can even be understood in this way, as is often the case today. There is a primal Christian prayer in which Christ Jesus himself pointed out as clearly as possible what mood is necessary for Christians in prayer. And this original prayer is simply this: “Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from me, yet not my will but yours be done.” Let us consider these last words. We are dealing first of all with a real request: that the cup may pass, but at the same time with a complete surrender to the will of the divine spirit: “Not my will, but yours be done.” This mood, in which one allows the will of the divine spirit to work through oneself during prayer, is expressed in wanting nothing for oneself, but allowing the divinity to want within oneself. This mood must permeate prayer as an undercurrent, a fundamental tone, if it is to be Christian.

It is clear how impossible it is to have a selfish prayer in this way. It is also impossible for other reasons to send a selfish prayer to God, because one person would ask for rain, the neighbor for sunshine, both would ask out of their own selfishness, not to mention the case where two armies stand ready for battle opposite each other, and each asks that victory be granted to them, which is of course completely out of the question. But if one has the underlying tone, the basic tone, “not my will, but yours be done,” then one can ask for anything, then one merges with the divine-spiritual will. I would like to ask for this, but I leave it up to the divine-spiritual being to decide whether it should be granted to me or not.

This is the basic mood of Christian prayer, and from this point of view came the most comprehensive, most universal prayer in Christian tradition: the Lord's Prayer, which according to Christian tradition was taught by Christ Jesus himself. This is indeed one of the most profound prayers in the world. Today, we can no longer appreciate the full depth of the Lord's Prayer as it was in the original language in which it was taught. But the content of its message is so powerful that it cannot be diminished in any way by any language.

If you look at the prayers of other peoples, you will find that wherever religions are in their prime, have reached their peak, there are prayers in the sense that has been described to you. However, when the various religions declined, such prayers took on a less correct character: they became magic formulas, means of idolatry, and at the time when Christ Jesus taught his followers to pray, many, many such magic formulas—all of which had a profound meaning where they originated—were in use. Such magic formulas always referred to what one desired externally, that is, to selfish requests filled with personal desires. Christians should not pray in this way, the Lord taught. This is a prayer that refers to external things. Christians should pray in the quiet of their own room, which is the innermost part of the human soul, the part where human beings can connect with the divine spiritual essence. We must be clear that there is something living in every human being that we can describe as a drop from the sea of the divine, that there is something in every human being that is equal to God. But it would be quite wrong to think that this means that human beings themselves are equal to God. When we say that there is something in human beings that is equal to God, this does not mean that human beings themselves are equal to God, for a drop from the sea is equal to the sea in terms of its substance, but the drop is not the sea. In the same way, the human soul is a drop from the sea of divinity, but it is not God, and just as the drop can unite with its own substance when you pour it into the sea, so the soul, as a drop of the Godhead, unites spiritually with its God in prayer or meditation. This union of the soul with its God is called Christ Jesus, praying in the quiet chamber.

Now that we have characterized the spirit of Christian prayer and the demands of this prayer in relation to the Christian, human spirit, we can now turn our attention to the content of the Lord's Prayer itself. You have been told that the Lord's Prayer is the most comprehensive prayer. Therefore, you will agree with me that in order to understand the Lord's Prayer, we must first take a very comprehensive view of the world. A long detour will be necessary to comprehend the Lord's Prayer. We must consider the nature of human beings from a certain point of view. You know that we do this in the same way that spiritual research has always considered it for thousands of years. Let us quickly remind ourselves of this once again.

When a human being stands before us, we first see the physical body, which in its substance and forces is common to all minerals and seemingly lifeless natural products. However, this physical body of the human being is not, as the materialistic mind might think, the only thing in the space before us; rather, it is only the lowest of the members of the human being. The next member we distinguish is the etheric body or life body of the human being, which he shares with plants and animals, for every plant, every animal, and every human being must call upon chemical and physical substances to come to life; they cannot give themselves life by themselves. The third member is the astral body, the bearer of pleasure and pain, drives, desires, and passions, and the ordinary ideas of daily life. Human beings could not have any of this if they did not have this astral body. They share this only with animals. Animals also have pleasure and pain, drives, desires, and passions, and therefore also have this body. Humans therefore share the physical body with seemingly lifeless minerals, the etheric or life body with everything that grows and reproduces, with the entire plant kingdom; they share the astral body with animal nature. In addition, they have something that takes them beyond these three natural kingdoms of the earth, making them the crown of earthly creation. This is the fourth member of their being.

We come to this conclusion when we give it a little thought. There is one name that differs from all the others: you cannot say “I” to anyone else. For everyone else, I am a “you,” and everyone else is a “you” to me. “I” can only resound as a name for what it means within the soul itself; it can never come to you from outside when it means you yourself. The deeper religions have always felt this at all times, and therefore they said: When the soul begins to give itself this self-designation within, then the God in man begins to speak, the God who speaks through the soul. The name “I” cannot sound from outside, it must sound within the soul itself. This is the fourth member of the human being.

Hebrew esoteric science has called this I the unpronounceable name of God. ‘Yahweh’ means nothing other than “I am.” Whatever interpretations external science may give, in truth it means “I am” — the fourth member of the human being. These are the four members of which the human being is initially composed. We also call them the four members of the so-called lower nature of the human being.

Now, in order to understand the whole being of the human being, you must go back a little further in human development. This brings us back to the many peoples who preceded us: the ancient Germanic and Central European development, the Greek-Latin and Chaldean peoples, the Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, and Hebrews, the Persian peoples, down to the people from whom our present culture originated: the Indian people. This people, in turn, also had ancestors who lived elsewhere, namely on that part of the earth that is now the seabed between Europe and America, in Atlantis. This was washed away by powerful floods, and the land sank as a result of a violent natural event that has been preserved in the myths and legends of all peoples as the Flood.

But even this is not the oldest cultivated land on earth. Long ago, we return to the area where humans in their present form originated, a land that lay approximately between present-day Hinterindien, Australia, and Africa: ancient Lemuria, an ancient land where conditions were very different from those on earth today. Usually, we imagine far too little how great and comprehensive the changes on Earth were in the course of human development itself. Now we come to a point in time when the lower nature of man already existed. At that time, beings consisting of these four members walked on this Earth: the physical body, the etheric body, the astral body, and the ego nature. These beings were more highly organized than the highest animals of today, but they were not yet human beings: they were animal-humans, but not like the animals of today. The latter are degenerate descendants who developed from these animal-humans through backwardness and degeneration. Something very special happened to these beings who lived at that time.

At that time, they were ready to take on a certain power within themselves, a power that is our higher soul power. If we want to put it that way, the union of lower human nature with the human soul took place at that time. Until then, this human soul rested in the bosom of the Godhead, was a member within the Godhead itself. Above, in the realm of the spiritual, we have the divine-spiritual being; below, the four-part human shells that had matured to this point and were capable of absorbing drops of this divinity. We can now imagine what happened at that time. Imagine a glass of water. You take a hundred small sponges and try to gradually soak up each of these sponges with a drop of this water. Then you have a hundred drops, which were previously completely connected with the water, distributed among a hundred sponges. In this way, you can easily imagine how the process of ensoulment took place at that time. Until then, the soul rested in the great universal divine being like the drop in the glass of water. Just as these little sponges worked, so did these physical human shells. These spiritual drops separated themselves from the common divine substance, they became individualized, they were as souls drops in the shells within them and began at that time to actually form the human being as he is now, as a spiritual-physical being. At that time, these souls incarnated for the first time, then went through many, many incarnations and formed their human body into its present form. But what happened at that time was the union of parts of the Godhead with the lower members of human nature. With each incarnation they progressed, with each incarnation they became more perfect, in order to reach a certain climax in the future.

We call this part of the higher nature, which united at that time as a force that transformed the lower nature and elevated itself in this transformation, the higher essence of the human being: spirit self, life spirit, and spirit man, or manas, buddhi, and atma. These are the parts of the divine essence through which human beings gradually transform the lower nature into the higher. Through the power of Manas, they transform the astral body; through Buddhi, the etheric body; and through the power of Atma, the physical body. They must transform all of these in order to attain the goal of their development. So we once had the four members: physical body, etheric body, astral body, and I, and at that time we received the seed for higher development, which is actually an outflow of the highest spiritual being: the threefold, higher being of the human being, the divine core of the human being, the divine disposition of the human being. We can now consider this higher part of human nature from two points of view. One is that we say: this is the higher human nature to which human beings unfold in the course of their development. Or we can consider it as a part of the divine being from which it has flowed forth, the divine part in human beings. Christians initially view it in the latter sense, and we will now do the same and study the nature of these higher forces of human nature. We will start with the highest member, with what is called the power of the Atma in human beings.

What I am now describing to you is not some external definition, but rather I would like to characterize for you the real nature and essence of this higher part of human nature. That which becomes the power of the Atma is, insofar as it is a power that flows from the Godhead, of a volitional nature. If you reflect on your own willpower, on what you are capable of wanting within yourself, then you have a shadowy replica, a shadowy reflection of what flows from the power of the Atma, from the Godhead. The will of man today is the power that is least developed. But the will can continue to develop further and further until a time comes when it reaches its peak, when this will is capable of accomplishing what is called “the great sacrifice” in religions.

Imagine you are standing in front of a mirror and looking into it. Your image resembles you completely in every part of your physiognomy, your gestures, in everything it is the same as you, but it is your dead image. You stand in front of it as a living being and are dealing with your dead image, which is the same as you in everything except for the living being, except for the substantial content. Imagine that your will had grown to such an extent that it was capable of making the decision to give up your own existence, your own being, and to hand it over to your mirror image; you would be capable of sacrificing yourself completely in order to give your mirror image your life. Such a will is said to emanate, to radiate its own essence. This is the highest development of the will, what Christianity calls the “divine Father's will.”

The human will is therefore today the least developed member of all the soul forces. But it is on the way to developing such power that it is capable of performing “the great sacrifice.” This is the real nature of what can develop as the power of the Atma: a will-like nature, insofar as it is an effusion of divine essence.

Now let us consider the second member of higher human nature, the Buddhi or life spirit, from the point of view of an emanation from the deity, as it has been regarded in Christianity. You will most easily grasp this concept if you focus not on the power that emanates from itself to enliven the reflection, but on the reflection itself. In the mirror image, a complete repetition of the original essence arises; it is the same — and yet not the same — when you apply this to the world, to the entire universe: how the divine will of the world is reflected in all directions from a single point.

Imagine, as it were, a hollow sphere that reflects inward. The one point inside is reflected inwardly an infinite number of times. Everywhere, in infinite multiplicity, is the divine will of the world, everywhere mirror images, details of the divine.

Consider the cosmos, the universe, as a reflection of the infinite will of the world. The divine world will is not in any single being, but everywhere the world will is reflected in the most manifold ways. The reflection of the deity — whereby the deity remains in the point where it is, and yet enlivens every point in which it is reflected through “the great sacrifice” — this is called the “kingdom” in the Christian sense. And this expression, the kingdom, denotes the same thing that is the Buddhi in man. If you consider the universe in relation to the creative, productive principle that flows out of the original, divine, then what first connects to the Atma is its divine spark of life, the Buddhi. As a “kingdom,” it is universal-cosmic.

And now let us turn our gaze from there down to the details of the kingdom. We have first considered it as a whole. Now we go down to the individual. How does one distinguish one from the other? By what is called the “name” in the Christian sense. Each is named, and by this means the manifold, individual elements of the kingdom are distinguished from one another. Christians understand the name to be what is often called the concept, that which is peculiar to a thing. Just as individual human beings are distinguished from one another by their names, so the name is perceived as containing within it a part of the divine essence reflected in it. Christians behave correctly toward this name when they are clear that every member of the kingdom is an emanation of the divine, that with every bite of bread, they are an emanation, a mirror, and a part of the deity. Christians should be clear about this even in relation to the smallest things. In human nature, it is the individual spirit self that makes one person distinct from another. What the name is in the kingdom, man has in the individual spirit self or manas, in that he forms a special part of the divinity and has a special name for himself, the name that runs through all incarnations of the individual human being.

So we now see this threefold nature before us as an outflow of the divine-spiritual being, and in this sense Atma is the will of the Godhead, Buddhi or the life spirit is the realm, and Manas or the spirit self is the name.

Now let us consider the four lower parts of human nature, starting from the bottom, first the physical body. This is that which has the same substances and forces as external physical nature, but also continuously transforms these same substances and forces. These flow in and out of the human physical body, and it is only through the continuous flow of these substances and forces that it exists. It can only exist by constantly renewing and transforming itself through external physical substances. It is one with the rest of physical nature. Just as you cannot cut off this finger and expect it to remain what it is — it withers as soon as you separate it from the rest of the body — it is what it is only because it is part of the whole organism — just as you cannot separate the physical human body from the earth in such a way that it remains what it is. Thus, the human being is only what he is in connection with the elements of the earth. Physical substances and forces flow in and out of him, and through this he is that which alone can sustain his being. This characterizes the physical body.

The second member is the etheric or life body. We must be clear that this is what brings the purely physical substances and forces to life. It is the bearer of growth and reproduction, of life phenomena in general, but also of something else entirely: of all those qualities of human beings that are of a more lasting nature than the transient drives, desires, and passions. How does it differ from these? If you want to grasp this difference, think back to when you were eight years old. Think of all you have learned since then, how many concepts and ideas, experiences and lessons you have enriched your soul with — it is an enormous amount. But now think about something else: how slowly, at a snail's pace, something else progresses. Think about how you were a quick-tempered child, and tell me whether this anger still sometimes comes through, how your inclinations or your temperament have remained largely the same. All this has not changed as much as your experiences. What one learns, experiences, and discovers can be compared to the minute hand of a clock, and the changes in character, temperament, and habits to the hour hand of a clock. This difference exists because the former is carried by the astral body, while the latter, which moves so slowly, is carried by the etheric body. When your habits change, it is a change in your etheric body. If you have only learned this or that, it means a change in the astral body.

For those who become students of true occultism in the higher sense, this training is not based on external learning, but all esoteric training takes place in the etheric body. Therefore, you have done more for your actual occult training if you have succeeded in transforming even one deeply rooted character trait than if you have acquired a great deal of external knowledge. Accordingly, a distinction is made between the exoteric, which the etheric body carries, and the esoteric, which the etheric body needs. The etheric body is also the carrier of memory as a quality, not of recollection. If, for example, the memory is to become sharper, this is linked to a change in the etheric body, or if it fades, this is a change in the etheric body, a change in the power of memory. Another thing that is infinitely important to us: human beings live, as they are now, in two directions. Everyone belongs to a family, a tribe, a people, and so on, and there are also certain characteristics that they share with others and that connect them to that community. The French have different characteristics than the Germans, who in turn have different characteristics than the English, and so on. They all have certain tribal characteristics in common. But in addition, each person has their own individual characteristics, which make them stand out from their people and make them a special person. People belong to a community because of certain characteristics of the etheric body. The etheric body has the characteristics that make people belong to a people, a race, or indeed the human community. But if you want to understand what makes you stand out from this community, you have to look to the astral body. This determines what is individual in human beings.

Therefore, a person's entire life in the community depends on their etheric body finding the right balance with the etheric bodies of those with whom they have to live. If they do not find this balance, they cannot live together with them, things go wrong, and they fall out. So the etheric body of the human being has the task of adapting to the other etheric bodies. The astral body determines the individual; above all, it must live in such a way that the human being does not commit personal sins. What causes the astral body to stray here or there are personal sins, transgressions of the astral body. Disharmony with the community are transgressions of the etheric body. Christian esotericism, when speaking precisely, called the transgressions of the etheric body “guilt,” that which disturbs the balance with others. A transgression of the astral body caused by individuality was called “succumbing to temptation” in Christian esotericism. The astral body succumbs to temptation in relation to its instincts, passions, and desires. It strays by succumbing to temptation within itself. Thus, in Christian esotericism, a distinction was made between “guilt” and “succumbing to temptation.”

Now for the fourth member of the human being: the I. We had the physical body, which consists of metabolism, the etheric body, which can be afflicted with guilt, and the astral body, which can succumb to temptation. Now the I. It is the source of selfishness, of egoism. The I is that which has caused what was one in the great divine-spiritual being to move into the many. The fall from the unity of the divine into the individual is caused by the ego. That is why Christian knowledge saw the ego as the actual origin of egoism and selfishness. As long as the individual beings were united in the Godhead, they could not strive against each other. They could only do this in separation as egos. Before that, they could only want what the Godhead wanted. Christianity calls this development against one another, which corresponds to egoism, the transgression of the ego, and Christian tradition describes very precisely the moment when this soul descends into the body through the Fall, through the bite of the apple. The actual transgression of the ego is referred to as “evil.” The transgression of the fourth member is therefore evil. Only the ego can fall prey to evil, and this arose through what is referred to as the bite of the apple. Malum is the same word in Latin for apple and evil.

The physical body is identical with the physical elements around it and maintains itself through the constant exchange of substances and forces, metabolism. The etheric body is what maintains balance with the other members of the community and can fall prey to guilt. The astral body, which should not succumb to temptation, and the ego, which must not fall victim to egoism, to evil.

This fourfold being joins together with the threefold higher, divine core of being:

Now consider prayer as a connection between the human being in the quiet chamber and the deity itself. In the original sense of Christianity, the soul is represented as divine, as a drop from the sea of the deity. And this soul must implore that this separated drop return to its origin. This origin of the divine essence of man is referred to by the name of the Father. And what the soul strives for, where it will be reunited with what is designated by the Father's name, is Devachan or heaven.

And now let us imagine the original prayer: an invocation of the individual human being's passing away to what is the divine Father nature.

This prayer had to implore that the three higher members of human nature might develop, ask that the “will,” which is the highest outflow of the divine, might be realized in human beings; that the second member of the divine essence, the “kingdom,” might take root in human beings; that the third member, the “Name,” should be felt as holy. This would therefore refer to the three higher members of the divine essence in man. And for the four lower members of human nature, one would ask: May my physical body receive the substances it needs for its sustenance. May the etheric body find a balance between its guilt and the guilt of others; may it live in harmony with others. The prayer should implore that no temptation drag down the astral body, and that the ego not fall prey to evil, the actual outflow of what is called selfishness.

You should implore your union with the Father in a primal prayer. You should do this in the sense that the individual members of your sevenfold being stand before your soul in your prayer:

“Our Father in heaven. First invoke the Father, then bring forth the petitions that relate to the three higher members:

”Hallowed be thy name, thy kingdom come.“

”Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven."

Then the four petitions relating to the four remaining members of human nature:

“Give us this day our daily bread.”

“Forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.”

This is the balance with those among whom we live.

“Lead us not into temptation”: our astral body.

“But deliver us from evil”: that is, from every outflow of egoism.

Thus, in the seven petitions of the Lord's Prayer, you have given the meaning of the development of the sevenfold human nature. From the depths of wisdom about human beings, the Lord's Prayer has been given to Christians as a Christian prayer, and all theosophical wisdom about human beings lies in the Lord's Prayer. One need only understand it, and one has all theosophical wisdom as it relates to man.

Those prayers that not only have a short-term effect, but which have touched souls and lifted hearts for thousands of years, are all drawn from the deepest wisdom. Such prayers have never been composed by randomly putting together beautiful or sublime words, but have been drawn from the deepest wisdom, because only then do they have the power to affect the souls of human beings over the millennia.

The objection that the naive soul knows nothing of this wisdom does not apply. It needs to know nothing, because the power of the Lord's Prayer comes from this wisdom, and it works even if one knows nothing about it.

One must only understand it in the right way: a person goes up to a plant and is enchanted by it. Even the most naive mind will be delighted, yet perhaps know nothing of the divine wisdom that is in the plant. It is the same with the great prayers. One does not need to know the wisdom, and yet such a prayer has the power, the wisdom, the elevation, the holiness of prayer. Even if it is born of the highest wisdom, it is not important to know this wisdom, but to experience the power of wisdom.

Only in our time is it possible to bring out again what Christ Jesus put into prayer, and to know again what he put into it as power, especially in the Lord's Prayer. Because it is drawn from the greatest depths of wisdom about human beings themselves, about their sevenfold nature, it is great and powerful even for the most naive mind, and all the more uplifting for those who can also draw out the wisdom that is within it. And it loses none of the power it has always exerted, shaking and uplifting, like the whole of theosophy, divine wisdom, which rests in the Lord's Prayer.

The Lord told the crowd many things in parables. But when he was alone with his disciples, he explained them to them, for they were to draw from the wise explanation of the parables the power that would enable them to become his messengers, through which they could know how he himself had attained that magical power, through which his work was called upon to have an effect over the millennia.

This is what should be understood in the meaning of the Lord's Prayer.