The Christian Mystery
GA 97
17 March 1907, Munich
XIV. Early Initiation and Esoteric Christianity
To consider just two ideas that are part of the Christian view—sinning against the holy spirit120Matthew 13: 13 & 32; Mark 3: 28 & 29; Luke 12: 10. and the idea of grace—and let them be illuminated for us from their depths, we have to know a little about the basic issues and movements of Christianity. You know from other lectures that behind the usual teaching about Christianity lies an esoteric Christianity. You also know that the gospels themselves give hints of such a Christianity, simply in the words: ‘When the Lord was speaking to the people he would speak in parables, but when he and the disciples were among themselves he would expound those parables to them.’121Matthew 13: 10-13, 34-36; Mark 4: 33 & 34. There simply was the teaching given to people who were not yet able to understand so much, so that one could only hint at things, being unable as yet to go deeper with them, and the teaching that was meant for initiates. Paul, the great disseminator of Christianity, taught like this speaking to the people, as we know from his epistles. Apart from the teaching he gave for the people, in an external way, Paul also taught esoterically. External history does not know that Paul founded the esoteric school in Athens that was under the guidance of Dionysius. In this esoteric school of Christianity, intimate pupils were given the occult knowledge you are now getting to know through the science of the spirit.
Scholars do not know much about the teaching Paul's esoteric companions gave to intimate pupils in Athens at that time. People even speak of a false Dionysius, saying that it cannot be proved that anything he taught was ever written down. The individual who taught these things in the 6th century was therefore called pseudo-Dionysius. Only people who do not know how such intimate teachings were handled in those times can say such things. In our day and age everyone rushes things into print. In the old days, the most sacred truth would be preserved from publication. Teachers would first take a look at the individual to whom they would tell it. It was taught person to person, and to people who were truly able to know its value. The teachings of esoteric Christianity were thus also passed from one individual to another, with some written down later, in the 6th century. It was customary for the leader of such a school to bear the name Dionysius, and so the leader also had that name in the 6th century, which was the name of his great predecessor in Athens, who was Paul's friend.
Let us consider the two concepts—sinning against the holy spirit, or really blaspheming against the holy spirit, and the concept of grace—as they were truly taught in Athens.
To get to the original meaning of Christianity we must go far back in the history of human evolution and understand that the coming of Christ Jesus brought something completely new in the evolution of the human mind and spirit. Paul's own initiation shows this most clearly. The situation where someone like Saul had a sudden enlightenment and became completely convinced of the truth of Christianity would not have been possible before the coming of the Christ. We have spoken of the nature of initiation here on earth before the coming of the Christ on previous occasions. Let us do it again, so that we may know what the spirit of truth truly is in Christian terms. To understand what went on in the ancient initiation centres we must briefly call to mind the nature of the human being.
You know about man having seven aspects. The physical body is made of the same materials as the lifeless matter in the physical world. The ether body calls these powers to life, and at every moment in our lives actively counters the decomposition of the physical body. It is only at death that the ether or life body leaves the physical body. A crystal holds its substance together of its own accord; the living body decomposes as soon as it is left to itself. There truly is a fighter against death in him at all times. Death comes when he ceases to fight. The third member is the astral body, the conscious awareness body. The fourth is the I, and through it man is the crowning glory of creation. In all occult teachings the human being was seen to have these four members. In the Pythagorean school every pupil first had to be taught this, and he could only be introduced to the higher wisdom once it had become inner conviction. He thus had to make this vow: ‘I vow by all that has been deeply imprinted in our hearts—the sacred fourfoldness, the spiritually sublime symbol, the source and origin of all creativeness in nature and in spirit.’
Even the most undeveloped human being has these four members. Human beings evolve through different incarnations, becoming more and more perfect because the I works on these three members of human nature. In the astral body it first of all works on everything that advances civilization, all logical, scientific learning that serves to take us beyond the animal level. That is the work of the I in the astral body. In every human being who has developed, whose I has been working on the astral body, that body divides in two—the part that is given and the part which has only been made by the I. This latter part, which grows larger and larger as the human being advances, is called manas or spirit self. In Christian esotericism this part is called the holy spirit, in contrast to the spirit that is the unpurified and unhallowed part of the astral body. This, then, is the fifth principle.
The I can also work into the denser ether body. This also happens in the ordinary way, but unconsciously. It has been said on a number of occasions that distinction must be made between work on the astral body and the ether body. With regard to their rate of progress, the astral body may be said to be like the movement of the minute hand compared to the ether body's hour hand. When a person opens up to the impression of a sublime work of art, this will transform both the life body and the conscious awareness body. Every great impulse in the arts has this effect. The most powerful effect comes from the religious impulses which the founders of religions have given to the world; they give the I its orientation towards the eternal. The clairvoyant eye can see it when the ether body of a human being becomes increasingly more beautiful and pure.
The part of the human ether body made spiritual by the I is called the buddhi or life spirit; it is transformed life body. In Christian esoteric teaching this part, which has been transformed by the I, is called the Christos. The fifth principle of essential human nature is the holy spirit, the sixth principle the Christ, the inner Christos.
Reference has already been made to the fact that occult training has always been available and that people could become initiates and then gain direct insight into the world of the spirit. This results from a higher transformation of the ether or life body. You therefore also need to understand that higher training is not just a matter of taking in concepts and things that are taught. Occult training means to transform the qualities of the life body. Someone who has transformed his temperament has done a great deal more than he would have done by taking in an infinite amount of knowledge.
An even higher transformation comes only with advanced training. Here the individual purifies and cleanses his physical body. What do we know of the human physical body? Dissection in an anatomical institute does not reveal the laws that govern it, the inner control of it. There is, however, a way to look into oneself and understand the movements of nerve strands, of pulse beat and the flow of respiration, so that one can consciously influence them. When someone is also able to transform his physical body in occult training, as it is called, the transformed dense body is called atman, for one begins by regulating the breathing process.122The German for breathing is Atmen. Translator The seventh principle of essential human nature is atman, called the father in Christian esoteric teaching.
This is how one first comes to the holy spirit, which is the transformed astral body, then through the holy spirit to the Christ, which is conscious awareness of the ether body, and through the Christ to the father, conscious awareness of the physical body.
Once you have understood how these seven aspects of human nature are related, you will also understand the nature of initiation in early times, before the Christ, and how it was after Christ Jesus had come to earth. When a person is asleep, only the physical and the ether body lie in the bed, the astral body is outside. When a person dies, he leaves behind his physical body, and the part of the physical body he has already transformed is lifted out—powers, not matter. It is very little indeed which he takes with him, but it is the element which will serve to shape the new physical body when the individual incarnates again. Materialism calls this the ‘permanent atom’.123A theory established by the theosophist Charles Webster Leadbeater. See Annie Besant and C. W. Leadbeater's Occult Chemistry. First of all the part of the physical body which the individual has transformed departs, the ether body departs, the conscious awareness body departs and the I. After some time the part of the ether on which the individual has not yet been working separates off. The human being then goes into kamaloka, the place of purification. After some time the part of the astral body on which the I has not yet been working also separates off. A time comes when the human being only retains the parts of the three bodies which the I itself has worked through. This goes through the realm of the spirit. It is the core of man's eternal essence, which will grow all the more the I has been working on the bodies.
The holy spirit is the eternal spirit in man. The Christ is the eternal part of the life body, the father the eternal aspect of the physical body. These three go with the human being through all time, being the part of him that is eternal.
Before Christian times, initiation was such that the pupil would first be prepared for everything occult science was able to offer, up to the point where he was familiar with all the concepts and ideas, all the habits and feelings that are needed for living in the higher worlds and be able to have perceptions in them. Then came the ‘resurrection’, as it was called, taking three and a half days and three nights. For this the temple priest used his arts to put the individual artificially into a death-like sleep for three and a half days. Normally the physical and the ether body remain connected in sleep, but the art of the priest who performed the initiation caused the ether body of the initiand to be lifted out of the physical body for this period, leaving only a loose connection between the physical body and the other bodies. It was a deep trance sleep. The initiand's I lived in the higher worlds during this time. The pupil knew his way about there because he had been given knowledge of the higher world. The priest would guide him. To begin with, the priest had to free the ether body of the lethargic physical body so that he might guide the pupil into the worlds of spirit. Human beings would not have been able to rise into those higher worlds in a fully conscious state. They had to be lifted out of that state.
The initiand would experience magnificent, tremendous things there, but he would be entirely in the hands of the priest. Another person had control over him, and that was the price that had to be paid for entering into the higher worlds. You can imagine what he would be afterwards, if you remember that he was able to know his eternal principle on this occasion. He was rid of the part of his finite nature, of his physical body, which was of no use to him when he wanted to move in higher worlds. Such an individual would be a ‘knower’ after this, able to bear witness from personal vision of life's victory over death. Those were the initiates who could bear witness. The ether body had to be lifted out of the physical body to meet the Christos in the human being. Those initiates were able to say: ‘I know from personal experience that there is a part of the human being that is eternal, continuing through all incarnations. I know this; I have had living experience of this eternal core of my self.’ To gain this prize, they had to enter into three days of total dream sleep.
Something else was connected with this. This form of initiation also involved something else. The further back we go, the more are we able to see it. I characterized it before by saying that in very early times they had close marriage compared to our distant marriage. In all nations there were small communities that were interrelated. People would marry within their community, and it was considered immoral to go outside your small community. Marriages were always between blood relations. Close marriage only changed gradually to become distant marriage. Special measures were actually needed for initiations, with a careful selection made on the basis of previous incarnations to get the best possible blood mixture. Out of such a tribe would be born the one who was able to go through high-level initiations. With blood relations it is particularly easy to lift the ether body out of the physical body. It is not at all easy with distant marriages. Whole generations of priests saw to it that the blood was preserved in a quite specific way.
Human life is complicated and does not always follow a straight path. We need to enter more deeply into the riddles of existence. The principle of close marriage was abandoned more and more, with the tribe gradually expanding to be a nation. With the Israelites we can see how the tribal principle was taken up completely and raised to become the community of a nation. The Christ opened up this prospect further, into a distant future: ‘Anyone who does not leave father and mother, wife, children, brother and sister and also his personal life cannot be my disciple.’
Harsh but true, these words indicate the way Christianity was going. Within a national community one would say: ‘That is my brother, born within this nation.’ In the brotherhood of humanity, which encompasses the whole of humanity, we say: ‘You are a human being, therefore you are my brother.’ That is the most profound principle of Christianity. All the narrow-mindedness of the other kind of relationship must be torn apart, with a common bond bringing together one human being with another. This also tore apart the ancient initiation principle which had been based on blood relationship.
The new initiation principle, which was no longer tied up with any physical property, can be seen in the case of Paul himself. He was initiated in the light, not in temple darkness. This could not have happened at an earlier time. If we consider this we can see the tremendous change that came with Christ Jesus. It had been prepared for by Moses, Zarathustra, Buddha and Pythagoras and was brought by Christ Jesus.
We thus see the principle applied for the first time also in Christian initiation schools that the human being was taken into higher worlds not by withdrawing him from the physical body but in full conscious awareness and in his physical body. This was the case in the Christian esoteric schools. Among the ancients, on the other hand, the strict authority of the initiating temple priest had to be accepted by the initiand. It was only possible to rise to those worlds by submitting wholly to the power of such an initiator.
The principle of compulsive authority also came to expression in the general social life. The priests were the rulers. All rules of government, all authority structures came from those who had the power to initiate. This was possible when community was blood-based in both tribe and nation. The ending of the old initiation principle meant the beginning of a completely different authority—independent authority based only on trust. ‘You must believe the one whom you trust’ is the highest Christian idea to which one rises, with each being a brother to the other, and someone in a higher position given recognition as someone one trusts.
‘Watch and pray’ is the Christian principle. The new initiation takes place in the waking state. ‘You will know the truth, and the truth shall set you free’124John 8: 32 are profound Christian words. They signify a prospect opening out into the future of Christianity. Christianity is only at the beginning of its evolution.
Consider the intense relationship between the teacher who was the initiator in the old temple sleep and his pupil receiving his final initiation in three and a half days. The relationship was one we cannot even imagine today. The relationship between a hypnotist and his subject gives us a faint idea of the way in which the initiating temple priest would awaken first the holy spirit and then the Christos. The pupil would mirror the holy spirit and the Christos of the teacher; they had merged, a clairvoyant could observe the process. For those three days, teacher and pupil were identified with one another. The teacher's I lived on in all his pupils, deeply fused during those three days. Consider the social pyramid, with the people below, above them the initiates, above them the teachers of the initiates. One spirit flowed down through all levels. Much lives on in people who were initiated in this way, also alien things.
With the principle of Christianity, individual nature gained validity. Hence the principle of Christian initiation that pupils must never fuse with the teacher in this way. They must not become one person in the initiation process. The holy spirit must arise, be awakened, in the I of each individual. This has become the principle of Christian initiation. It is also shown in symbolic form in the miracle of Pentecost in the Acts of the Apostles.125Acts 2: 4. The possibility for initiation was given in that they all began to speak in different tongues. The teacher respects the individual nature of the other; he enters into the pupi's heart but does not take it out of his physical body.
Remember how it is above all important for present-day humanity that the holy spirit and the Christos are developed independently. There you can see that this human individual nature only came to be considered to be independent with this principle of Christianity. It was Christianity which finally and truly freed the human individual, and because of this, Christianity means that our relationship to truth and wisdom must be entirely different now.
In earlier times, the spirit of wisdom ruled because it was centralized. With humanity shattering it became decentralized, but egotism also arose. The more the principle of distant marriage came to apply, the greater had to be the power of the element that would bring human beings, who were now independent, together again. What is this element? Consider the things we learn today in the elementary parts of our science of the spirit and then go back in history, and you will find that this knowledge was possessed only by small groups, finally only the very summit, which then ruled on the principle of compulsive authority. We are approaching a time when wisdom will be more and more among the people. It will be a means of creating the great brotherhood of humanity.
Two individuals investigating the realm of the spirit will never have different opinions about one and the same thing. If they do, one opinion will be wrong. Wisdom is a single whole, and there can be no difference. The more individual people grow, the more must they be given wisdom; this will bring them together. Today we are in a state of transition. The principle of the point of view comes to an end as wisdom progressively develops. The more individual humanity becomes, the wiser must it grow. That is the spirit of wisdom which Christ Jesus promised to his people. The sun of wisdom draws all individual points of view to itself, as the sun does all plants.
The spirit that will make human beings free is the holy spirit. A Christian must never sin against it. Those who do, sin against Christianity itself, against the promised spirit who alone can bring individual human beings together.
In the gospels we read of Christ Jesus driving out demons.126E.g. Luke 4: 33 & 34. Demons will only exist for as long as man is unfree, so long as he has not taken up this spirit of wisdom. Man is literally loaded with all kinds of spirits that flow in and out of his lower members. We call them apparitions, spectres, ghosts, demons.127See Steiner R. Theosophy of the Rosicrucian (GA 99). 22 May–6 June 1907. Tr. M. Cotterell, D. Osmond. London: Rudolf Steiner Press 1981. To make a rather commonplace comparison—it is like maggots moving in and out of a cheese. When he stood there as the spirit who drives out demons, Christ Jesus showed himself to be the spirit of freedom. You can only drive out demons by pitting one spirit against another, the spirit of freedom against all other spirits.
Now let us briefly think of those earlier communities of tribe and nation. How could those people be brought together, not having become free individuals? Imagine everyone sitting in this room has become free, with the spirit of truth living in all of them. Will we ever be in dispute, ever be in discord? No, for when only the spirit unites us there are no points of view. In earlier times external laws had to prevail to keep people together. Two people who know the spirit of truth will feel drawn to one another of their own accord. And so we have the law at the beginning of human evolution, and in the end, peaceful, harmonious collaboration that comes from inside. In Christian esoteric teaching this is called ‘grace’, the opposite of ‘law’. Nothing but the ability to feel with another individual, being completely at peace in doing so—that is the most profound concept of Christianity.
The astral body filled with the holy spirit is the same for all. The spirit of truth is the same in all. Think of this spirit in an individual in whom the Christos has also been awakened, the principle active in the life body as life spirit. When every human being lets his ether body be filled with this feeling, every heart will have a feeling for the unified spirit, for individuals brought together in common wisdom. And what you then feel inside you is caritas, grace.
It was brought by the one who at the beginning of our era had the whole Christos in himself in the individual, the Christos who was the first to fulfil the whole principle of humanity. Christ Jesus made himself the principle that is to live in every single human being. Through him the spirit has come into the world that is freedom, independence, and peaceful cooperation. ‘Come to life again in Christ; let the spirit of discord die!’ Paul said.128Paraphrase. See Ephesians 2:4-6; 4:3. Man may sin against everything that is not in this very spirit. If he were to sin against this spirit of common humanity, if he were to deny it, he would no longer be a Christian.
Man must progress to the point where he has conscious knowledge of the spirit. As he develops more and more, his conscious awareness body is transformed into the holy spirit. Because of this, sinning against the holy spirit is unforgivable.
The transformation of the ether body occurs unconsciously in the uninitiated. For as long as a human being is not initiated, he can only commit the sin that cannot be forgiven in his astral body. The initiate also must not sin against the physical and the ether body. These sins may be forgiven those who are not initiated. This is done with the help of those who guide the human race.
Frühere Einweihung und Esoterisches Christentum
Wenn wir gerade zwei Ideen der christlichen Weltanschauung, die Sünde wider den Heiligen Geist und die Idee der christlichen Gnade, aus ihren Tiefen heraus beleuchten wollen, so müssen wir uns ein wenig bekanntmachen mit den Grundfragen und Grundströmungen des Christentums. Sie wissen aus andern Vorträgen, daß den Lehren des gewöhnlich verkündeten Christentums zugrunde liegt ein sogenanntes esoterisches Christentum. Sie wissen auch, daß sich im Evangelium selbst Andeutungen finden für ein solches Christentum, einfach in den Worten: Wenn der Herr vor dem Volke war, dann sprach er in Gleichnissen, wenn er aber mit den Jüngern allein war, dann legte er ihnen diese Gleichnisse aus. — Es gab eben einfach eine Lehre für diejenigen, die noch weniger verstehen konnten, zu denen man in Andeutungen sprechen mußte, für die man noch nicht tiefer gehen konnte, und eine Lehre gab es, die für die Eingeweihten bestimmt war. In diesem Sinne hat denn auch der große Verbreiter des Christentums, Paulus, vor dem Volke das gelehrt, was wir aus seinen Briefen kennen. Außer dieser Lehre des Paulus, die eine äußerliche für das Volk war, gab es aber auch von ihm eine esoterische Lehre. Paulus hat, was die äußere Geschichte nicht weiß, die esoterische Schule in Athen unter der Führung des Dionysius begründet. Innerhalb dieser esoterischen Schule des Christentums wurde intimen Schülern diejenige Geheimlehre gelehrt, die Sie auch heute durch die Geisteswissenschaft wieder kennenlernen.
Die Gelehrsamkeit weiß nicht viel von den Lehren, die damals von den esoterischen Genossen des heiligen Paulus in Athen zu intimen Schülern geredet worden sind. Man spricht sogar von einem falschen Dionysius, weil man sagt, daß man nicht nachweisen könne, daß irgend etwas von diesen Lehren damals niedergeschrieben wurde. Pseudo-Dionysius nennt man den, der im 6. Jahrhundert diese Esoterik gelehrt hat. Nur diejenigen sagen das, die nicht wissen, was mit solchen intimen Lehren in alter Zeit üblich war. Erst in unserer Zeit ist es üblich geworden, daß jeder nicht schnell genug alles der Schrift anvertrauen kann. Was die heiligste Wahrheit war, das hat man in alten Zeiten vor Veröffentlichung bewahrt. Man hat sich den erst angesehen, dem man sie sagte. Nur in der esoterischen Schule, nur von Person zu Person wurde sie gelehrt, wenn diese sie auch wirklich würdigen konnte. So wurden auch die Lehren des esoterischen Christentums von Mensch zu Mensch übertragen und einige im 6. Jahrhundert aufgeschrieben. Weil es üblich war, daß der Vorsteher einer solchen Schule immer den Namen Dionysius trug, deshalb trug der Vorsteher dieser Schule in Athen im 6. Jahrhundert auch diesen Namen, den nämlichen wie sein großer Vorfahre in Athen, der Freund des Paulus. Im Sinne dieser esoterischen Schule, wirklich wie es da gelehrt worden ist, wollen wir den Begriff der Sünde wider den Heiligen Geist oder eigentlich des Lästerns wider den Heiligen Geist und den Begriff der christlichen Gnade betrachten.
Wenn wir den Ursinn des Christentums erfassen wollen, dann müssen wir weit in die Entwickelungsgeschichte der Menschen zurückgehen und uns klarmachen, daß wirklich mit dem Auftreten des Christus Jesus etwas ganz Neues in die geistige Entwickelungsgeschichte der Menschheit eingeprägt worden ist. Was da eingeprägt worden ist, kommt in der Einweihung des Paulus selbst am intensivsten zum Ausdruck. Die Tatsache, daß ein Mann wie Saulus durch eine so plötzliche Erleuchtung die ganze Überzeugung von der Wahrheit des Christentums erhielt, wäre vor dem Erscheinen des Christus Jesus nicht möglich gewesen. Wir haben schon öfters davon gesprochen, wie die Einweihung vor der Erscheinung des Christus Jesus auf der Erde war. Wir wollen es noch einmal tun, um zu verstehen, was im christlichen Sinn der Geist der Wahrheit eigentlich bedeutet. Wenn wir erfassen wollen, was in den alten Einweihungsstätten vorgegangen ist, dann müssen wir uns kurz das Wesen des Menschen vor die Seele rufen.
Sie kennen das Bestehen des Menschen aus sieben Wesensgliedern. Der physische Leib ist aus denselben Bestandteilen aufgebaut wie die leblosen Stoffe der physischen Welt. Der Ätherleib ruft diese Kräfte zum Leben auf, er arbeitet in jedem Moment unseres Lebens dem Verfall des physischen Leibes entgegen. Erst im Tode rückt der Äther- oder Lebensleib aus dem physischen Leibe heraus. Der Kristall behält seine Stoffe beisammen aus sich selbst; der lebende Körper zerfällt, sobald er sich überlassen wird. Wahrhaft ist in jedem Moment in ihm ein Kämpfer gegen den Tod. Hört dieser zu kämpfen auf, dann tritt der Tod ein. Das dritte Glied ist der Astralleib, der Bewußtseinsleib. Das vierte Glied ist das Ich, durch dieses ist der Mensch die Krone der Schöpfung. Alle Geheimlehren haben den Menschen aus diesen vier Gliedern aufgebaut gedacht. In der pythagoreischen Schule mußte ein jeder Schüler zuerst in diese Lehre von dem viergliedrigen Menschen eingeführt werden. Erst wenn diese Lehre in ihm innerste Überzeugung geworden war, konnte er in die höhere Weisheit eingeführt werden. Er mußte also geloben: Ich gelobe bei dem, was uns tief ins Herz geprägt, der heiligen Vierheit, dem geistig erhabenen Symbolum, dem Urquell alles natürlichen und geistigen Schaffens.
Der unentwickeltste Mensch hat diese vier Glieder. Der Mensch entwickelt sich durch die verschiedenen Verkörperungen hindurch zu immer größerer Vollkommenheit dadurch, daß das Ich an diesen drei Gliedern der Wesenheit arbeitet. Im astralen Leib arbeitet es zuerst an allem, was Kulturfortschritt, logisch wissenschaftliches Lernen ist, was dazu dient, wegzukommen von der tierischen Stufe. Das ist Arbeit des Ich am astralischen Leib. Bei jedem entwickelten Menschen, dessen Ich schon am astralischen Leibe gearbeitet hat, teilt sich dieser in zwei Teile: in den gegebenen und in den Teil, den das Ich erst gemacht hat. Diesen Teil, der immer größer und größer wird, je weiter der Mensch vorwärtsdringt, bezeichnet man mit Manas oder Geistselbst. Die christliche Esoterik bezeichnet diesen Teil als den Heiligen Geist, im Gegensatz zu dem Geiste, dem ungeläuterten und ungeheiligten Teile des astralischen Leibes. Somit kennen wir das fünfte Glied.
Nun kann das Ich aber auch in den dichteren Ätherleib hineinarbeiten. In einer gewissen Weise geschieht dies schon bei dem gewöhnlichen Menschen, das heißt unbewußt. Schon öfters wurde gesagt, wie man unterscheiden muß zwischen der Arbeit am astralischen Leib und am Ätherleib: erstere läßt sich - in der Raschheit des Fortschrittes gegenüber der letzteren - mit der Bewegung des Minutenzeigers gegenüber der des Stundenzeigers vergleichen. Wenn der Mensch sich dem Eindruck eines erhabenen Kunstwerkes hingibt, dann wirkt ein solches Kunstwerk umgestaltend auf Lebens- und Bewußtseinsleib. Jeder große künstlerische Impuls übt diese Wirkung aus. Am stärksten ist die Wirkung religiöser Impulse, welche die Religionsstifter in die Welt gebracht haben, die das Ich auf das Ewige hin richten. Das hellseherische Auge kann es sehen, wenn der Ätherleib eines Menschen immer schöner und reiner wird.
Denjenigen Teil des menschlichen Ätherleibes, den das Ich vergeistigt, nennt man die Buddhi, den Lebensgeist; es ist der umgewandelte Lebensleib. In der christlichen Esoterik nennt man diesen Teil, der vom Ich umgearbeitet ist, den Christos. Das fünfte Glied der menschlichen Wesenheit ist der Heilige Geist, das sechste Glied ist der Christus, der innere Christos.
Es ist auch schon darauf hingedeutet worden, daß es immer sogenannte Geheimschulungen für den Menschen gegeben hat, und daß er dadurch ein Eingeweihter werden und in die geistige Welt selbst hineinschauen kann. Dies beruht eben auf einer höheren Umgestaltung des Äther- oder Lebensleibes. Darum müssen Sie sich auch klarmachen, daß eine jede höhere Schulung nicht nur eine Aufnahme von Begriffen und Lehrmaterial ist. Die Geheimschulung besteht vielmehr in der Umwandlung der Eigenschaften unseres Lebensleibes. Wer sein Temperament umgestaltet hat, hat viel mehr getan, als wenn er unendlich viel Wissenschaft aufgenommen hätte.
Es gibt noch eine höhere Umwandlung, die erst bei fortgeschrittener Schulung eintritt. In dieser läutert und reinigt der Mensch seinen physischen Leib. Was weiß der Mensch von seinem physischen Leib? Dadurch, daß er ihn im anatomischen Institut durch Zerlegen untersucht, erlangt er noch keine Erkenntnis der in ihm waltenden Gesetze, keine innere Beherrschung derselben. Es gibt aber eine Möglichkeit, in sich hineinzuschauen, daß einem die Bewegungen der Nervenstränge, des Pulsschlages, der Atmungsströme klarwerden, so daß der Mensch bewußt in sie hineinarbeiten kann. Wenn der Mensch in der sogenannten Geheimschulung auch seinen physischen Körper umzuwandeln vermag, dann nennt man diesen umgearbeiteten dichten Körper Atma, weil das beginnt mit einer Regulierung des Atmungsprozesses. Das siebente Glied der menschlichen Wesenheit ist Atma, in der christlichen Esoterik der Vater.
So kommt man zuerst zum Heiligen Geist, dem umgestalteten astralischen Leib, durch den Heiligen Geist zum Christus, dem Bewußtsein des Ätherleibes, und durch den Christus zum Vater, dem Bewußtsein des physischen Leibes.
Wenn Sie verstanden haben, wie diese sieben Glieder der menschlichen Natur zusarnmenhängen, so werden Sie auch verstehen, wie nun die Einweihung in alten Zeiten vor Christus war und wie diese Einweihung war, nachdem der Christus Jesus auf Erden erschienen war. Wenn der Mensch schläft, dann liegen im Bett nur der physische und der Ätherleib, der astralische Leib ist draußen. Wenn der Mensch stirbt, laßt er den physischen Leib zurück, und heraus hebt sich der Teil, den er vom physischen Leib schon umgestaltet hat, Kräfte, keine Stoffe. Sehr wenig ist das, was der Mensch da mitnimmt. Es ist aber doch das, was in einer neuen Inkarnation dazu dient, den neuen physischen Leib zu formen. Der Materialismus nennt diesen Teil «Permanentes Atom». Zunächst dringt dieser Teil heraus, den der Mensch vom physischen Leib selbst umgewandelt hat, heraus dringt der Ätherleib, heraus der Bewußtseinsleib, heraus das Ich. Nach einiger Zeit löst sich der Teil des Ätherleibes los, an dem der Mensch noch nicht gearbeitet hat. So geht der Mensch in das Kamaloka ein, den Ort der Läuterung. Nach einiger Zeit löst sich vom astralischen Leib auch das los, woran das Ich noch nicht gearbeitet hat. Es kommt dann die Zeit, wo am Menschen von den drei Leibern nur das noch haftet, was das Ich selbst erarbeitet hat. Das geht durch das Geistgebiet hindurch. Es ist der ewige Wesenskern des Menschen. Dieser wird immer größer, je mehr das Ich erarbeitet hat.
Der Heilige Geist ist der ewige Geist im Menschen. Der Christus ist der ewige Teil des Lebensleibes, der Vater das Ewige des physischen Leibes. Diese drei gehen mit dem Menschen durch alle, alle Zeiten als sein ewiger Teil mit.
Vor der christlichen Zeit war die Einweihung so, daß der Schüler zunächst vorbereitet wurde zu alledem, was die Geheimwissenschaft geben kann, bis zu dem Punkte, wo ihm alle Begriffe und Vorstellungen, alle Gewohnheiten und Gefühle geläufig waren, die man braucht, um in den höheren Welten leben zu können, um darin wahrnehmen zu können. Dann kam, was man die Auferweckung nannte, was dreieinhalb Tage und drei Nächte dauerte. Diese bestand darin, daß durch die Kunst des Tempelpriesters der Mensch für dreieinhalb Tage künstlich in einen todähnlichen Schlaf versetzt wurde. Während sonst im Schlaf physischer und Ätherleib verbunden bleiben, wurde dem Einzuweihenden für diese Zeit der Ätherleib durch die Kunst des initiierenden Priesters herausgehoben aus dem physischen Leibe, so daß nur eine lose Verbindung zwischen dem physischen Leib und den andern Leibern bestand. Es war ein tiefer Tranceschlaf. Das Ich des Menschen lebte während dieser Zeit in den höheren Welten. Da man dem Schüler ein Wissen von der höheren Welt gegeben hatte, kannte er sich dort aus. Der Priester leitete ihn. Erst mußte der Priester den Ätherleib von dem lethargischen physischen Leib befreien, um den Schüler in die geistigen Welten hinauszuführen. Im vollbewußten Zustande hätte der Mensch in jene höheren Welten nie hinaufsteigen können. Er mußte aus diesem Zustande herausgehoben werden.
So großartig und gewaltig es war, was der Mensch da erlebte, er war doch ganz in der Hand des Priesters. Ein anderer herrschte über ihn, und nur um diesen Preis konnte er in die höheren Welten eindringen. Was er nach dieser Zeit war, können Sie sich vorstellen, wenn Sie bedenken, daß der Mensch bei dieser Gelegenheit sein Ewiges erleben konnte. Er war entledigt desjenigen Teiles der Endlichkeit, des physischen Leibes, den er nicht brauchen konnte, wenn er sich in den höheren Welten bewegen sollte. Aus diesem kam ein solcher Mensch als ein Wissender heraus, als ein solcher, der aus eigener Anschauung zeugen konnte von dem Siege des Lebens über den Tod. Das waren die Eingeweihten, die davon zeugen konnten. Es mußte der Ätherleib aus dem physischen Leib herausgehoben werden, um den Christos im Menschen zu erleben. Diese Eingeweihten konnten sagen: Ich habe es selbst erlebt, daß im Menschen vorhanden ist ein Teil, der ewig ist, der alle Verkörperungen überdauert. Ich weiß es, ich habe ihn selbst erlebt, diesen ewigen Wesenskern. - Um diesen Preis mußten sie in einen dreitägigen völligen Traumschlaf eingehen.
Noch etwas anderes war damit verknüpft; diese Art der Einweihung war noch an etwas anderes gebunden. Je weiter wir zurückgehen, desto mehr erkennen wir das. Ich habe es schon einmal charakterisiert, als ich davon sprach, daß in uralten Zeiten das vorhanden war, was wir die Nahehe nennen im Gegensatz zur Fernehe. Bei allen Völkern gab es kleine Gemeinschaften, die miteinander verwandt waren. Innerhalb dieser heiratete man, aus diesen kleinen Gemeinschaften herauszutreten galt als unmoralisch. Immer floß verwandtes Blut in den Ehen. Erst allmählich wurde die Nahehe abgelöst durch das Prinzip der Fernehe. Es waren sogar für Einweihungen ganz besondere Maßnahmen notwendig: Man mußte sorgfältig die vorhergehenden Inkarnationen auswählen, um eine möglichst gute Blutmischung herbeizuführen. Aus diesem Stamm wurde herausgeboren der, welcher die hohen Einweihungen durchmachen konnte. Bei Blutsverwandten ist es besonders leicht möglich, den Ätherleib aus dem physischen Leibe herauszuheben. Bei den Fernehen ist es gar nicht so leicht möglich. Es waren ganze Generationen von Priestern da, die darauf achteten, daß das Blut in einer ganz bestimmten Weise erhalten werde.
Das Menschenleben ist kompliziert, es geht nicht immer den geraden Weg. Man muß tiefer hineindringen in die Rätsel des Daseins. Immer mehr und mehr wurde das Prinzip der Nahehe durchbrochen, immer mehr erweiterte sich der Stamm zum Volke. Bei den Israeliten sehen wir, wie das Stammesprinzip ganz und gar zur Volksgemeinschaft erhoben wurde. Christus erweitert diese Perspektive auf eine ferne Zukunft hinaus: «Wer nicht verläßt Vater, Mutter, Bruder, Schwester um meinetwillen, der kann mein Jünger nicht sein.»
Grausam, aber am wahrsten zeigt dieses Wort die Tendenz des Christentums an. Bei der Volksgemeinschaft sagte man: Das ist mein Bruder, der innerhalb des Volkes geboren ist. — Bei der Menschenverbrüderung, die das ganze Menschengeschlecht umfassen muß, heißt es: Weil du Mensch bist, bist du mein Bruder. - Das ist das tiefste Prinzip des Christentums. Alle Engherzigkeit der andern Verwandtschaft muß zerrissen werden, ein gemeinsames Band von Mensch zu Mensch geschlungen werden. Damit ist aber auch zugleich das alte Einweihungsprinzip zerrissen worden, das auf der Verwandtschaft des Blutes beruht.
Das neue Einweihungsprinzip, das von jetzt ab an keine physische Eigenschaft gebunden ist, sehen wir bei Paulus selber angedeutet: Er wird im Licht eingeweiht, nicht im Dunkel des Tempels. Das hätte früher nicht geschehen können. Wenn wir dies bedenken, werden wir den großen Umschwung erkennen können, der durch den Christus Jesus herbeigeführt wurde. Vorbereitet war er durch Moses, Zarathustra, Buddha, Pythagoras, gebracht wurde er durch den Christus Jesus.
So sehen wir denn auch in den christlichen Einweihungsschulen zum ersten Male das Prinzip durchgeführt, nicht durch Herausziehen aus dem physischen Leibe den Menschen in die höheren Welten hineinzuführen, sondern ihn bei vollbewußtem physischem Leibe einzuführen. Das ist dann in den christlich-esoterischen Schulen der Fall gewesen. Diesem steht bei den Alten, und damit einem großen Teile der Menschheit auch jetzt noch, der initiierende Tempelpriester gegenüber, dessen strenger Autorität der Einzuweihende sich fügt. Nur dadurch, daß man sich ganz der Gewalt eines solchen Einweihenden unterwarf, konnte man hinaufsteigen.
Das Prinzip der Zwangsautorität kam auch im äußeren sozialen Leben zum Ausdruck: Herrscher waren die Priester. Alle Regeln des Regierens, alle Struktur des Staates ging von der initiierenden Gewalt aus. Von der Blutsgemeinschaft im Stamm bis zum Volk war das möglich. Dadurch, daß das alte initiierende Prinzip aufgehoben wurde, wurde eine ganz andere Autorität angebahnt: die freie, lediglich auf das Vertrauen gebaute Autorität. Du sollst dem glauben, dem du vertraust — , das ist die höchste christliche Idee, zu der man sich hinauferhebt, wo ein jeder dem andern gegenübersteht als ein Bruder, und derjenige, der höher steht, anerkannt wird als der, dem man Vertrauen schenkt.
«Wachet und betet», das ist der christliche Grundsatz. Im Wachzustand verläuft die neue Einweihung. «Ihr werdet die Wahrheit erkennen, und die Wahrheit wird euch frei machen», das ist ein tiefes christliches Wort. Es bedeutet eine Perspektive in die Zukunft des Christentums hinein. Das Christentum steht erst am Anfang seiner Entwickelung.
Bedenken Sie den intensiven Zusammenhang zwischen dem initiierenden Lehrer im alten Tempelschlaf und dem Schüler, der in den dreieinhalb Tagen das Letzte in der Einweihung empfängt. Dies Verhältnis war so, wie wir es uns heute nicht einmal vorstellen können. Das Verhältnis zwischen Hypnotiseur und Hypnotisiertem gibt uns ein schwaches Abbild von der Art und Weise, wie der initiierende Tempelpriester zuerst den Heiligen Geist und dann den Christos erweckte. Der Schüler spiegelte wider den Heiligen Geist und den Christos des Lehrers; zusammengeflossen waren sie, der Hellseher konnte diesen Vorgang beobachten. Während der drei Tage waren Lehrer und Schüler identifiziert. Das Ich des Lehrers lebte fort in allen seinen Schülern, tief verschmolzen durch die dreieinhalb Tage. Betrachten Sie den sozialen Pyramidenbau: unten das Volk, darüber die Eingeweihten, darüber die Lehrer der Eingeweihten. Ein Geist floß herunter durch alle Stufen. Es lebte vieles fort in den so Eingeweihten, auch Fremdartiges.
Durch das Prinzip des Christentums trat die Individualität in ihre Geltung ein. Daher der Grundatz der christlichen Einweihung: Nie darf der Schüler mit dem Lehrer in dieser Weise verschmelzen. Sie dürfen nicht während der Einweihung eine Person sein. Der Heilige Geist muß in dem Ich eines jeden entstehen, auferweckt werden. Das ist das Prinzip der christlichen Einweihung geworden. Dies wird auch im Pfingstwunder der Apostelgeschichte symbolisch zum Ausdruck gebracht. Die Möglichkeit der Einweihung war dadurch gegeben, daf3 alle anfingen, in den verschiedenen Zungen zu reden.
Der Lehrer läßt die Individualität des andern gelten; er steigt in das Herz des Schülers hinein, er holt es sich nicht heraus aus dessen physischem Körper.
Bedenken Sie, wie es bei dem jetzigen Menschen vor allem darauf ankommt, daß selbständig der Heilige Geist und der Christos entwickelt werden. Da werden Sie begreifen, daß diese menschliche Persönlichkeit eigentlich erst durch dieses Prinzip des Christentums als eine freie gedacht worden ist. Erst das Christentum hat die menschliche Individualität wirklich befreit, und daher ist durch das Christentum ein ganz anderes Verhältnis zur Wahrheit und Weisheit als früher notwendig geworden.
In den alten Zeiten herrschte der Geist der Weisheit, weil er zentralisiert wurde. Mit der Zerklüftung wird er dezentralisiert, es tritt aber der Egoismus ein. Je mehr das Prinzip der Fernehe geltend wird, desto größer muß die Gewalt dessen sein, was die freigewordenen Menschen wieder zusammenbringt. Was ist das? Sehen Sie sich an, was wir heute in den elementaren Teilen der Geisteswissenschaft lernen, und gehen Sie zurück in der Geschichte, so sehen Sie dies Wissen nur im Besitz kleiner Gemeinschaften, schließlich nur der höchsten Spitze. Dadurch herrschte diese nach dem Prinzip der Zwangsautorität. Wir nahern uns der Zeit, wo die Weisheit immer mehr und mehr populär wird. Dies wird ein Mittel sein, den großen Bruderbund der Menschheit zu stiften.
Zwei Geistesforscher werden nie über eines verschiedener Meinung sein. Wenn sie es sind, dann ist die eine Meinung falsch. Die Weisheit ist etwas Einheitliches, das keiner Differenz fahig ist. Je individueller die Menschen werden, desto mehr muß man ihnen die Weisheit geben; die wird sie zusammenführen. Heute sind wir in einem Übergangsstadium. Das Prinzip des Standpunktes hört ganz auf mit der zunehmenden Weisheitsentwickelung. Je individueller, desto weiser muß die Menschheit werden, denn Erkenntnis wird sie zusammenführen: das ist der Geist der Weisheit, den Christus Jesus den Seinigen verheißt. Die Sonne der Weisheit zieht alle Standpunkte zu sich hin, wie die Sonne die Pflanzen.
Der Geist, der den Menschen frei machen wird, ist der Heilige Geist. Gegen diesen Geist darf der Christ niemals sündigen. Wer dagegen sündigt, sündigt wider das Christentum selber, gegen den verheißenen Geist, der die einzelnen menschlichen Individualitäten einzig zusammenführen kann.
Es wird in den Evangelien davon gesprochen, daß der Christus Jesus Dämonen austreibt. Dämonen gibt es nur, solange der Mensch nicht frei geworden ist, solange er diesen Geist der Weisheit noch nicht aufgenommen hat. Der Mensch ist ganz gespickt mit allerlei Wesenheiten, die in seinen niederen Gliedern aus- und einfluten. Wir nennen sie Schemen, Spektren, Gespenster, Dämonen. Wenn wir einen trivialen Vergleich nehmen wollen: es ist so, wie beim Käse die Maden aus- und einwandern. Indem sich der Christus Jesus als den Geist hinstellt, der die Dämonen austreibt, gibt er sich als den Geist der Freiheit zu erkennen. Austreiben kann man die Dämonen nur, indem man den einen Geist gegen den andern aufruft, den Geist der Freiheit gegen alle andern Geister.
Nun denken Sie noch kurz an jene alten Gemeinschaften von der Stammes- bis zur Volksgemeinschaft. Wie kann man diese Menschen zusammenbringen, die nicht individuell frei geworden sind? Denken Sie sich, alle Hiersitzenden wären frei geworden, in ihnen allen lebte der Geist der Wahrheit! Werden wir je streiten, je in Unfrieden kommen? Nein, denn Standpunkte gibt es nicht, wenn uns nur der Geist vereinigt.
In alten Zeiten mußte das äußere Gesetz walten, um die Menschen zusammenzuhalten. Zwei Menschen, die den Geist der Wahrheit kennen, werden sich von selbst zueinander hingezogen fühlen. So steht am Beginn der Menschheitsentwickelung das Gesetz, am Ende von innen heraus das friedliche, harmonische Zusammenarbeiten. Das nennt man im esoterischen Christentum, im Gegensatz zum Gesetz, die Gnade. Nichts anderes als die Fähigkeit, mit dem anderen im vollen Frieden mitzufühlen, das ist der tiefste Begriff des Christentums.
Der vom Heiligen Geist erfüllte astralische Leib ist allen gleich, der Geist der Wahrheit ist in einem jeden gleich. Denken Sie sich diesen Geist in einer solchen Individualität, in der auch zugleich der Christos erweckt ist, dasjenige Prinzip, das als Lebensgeist im Lebensleib wirkt. Wenn ein jeder den Ätherleib mit diesem Gefühl durchdringt, dann haben Sie in jedem Herzen das Gefühl für den einheitlichen Geist, die Individualitäten zusammengeführt durch die gemeinsame Weisheit. Und das, was Sie in sich fühlen: das ist die Caritas, die Gnade.
Gebracht hat sie Er, der im Beginne unserer Zeitrechnung in der Individualität den ganzen Christos in sich hatte, der das ganze Menschheitsprinzip als erster erfüllt hat. Der Christus Jesus hat sich zu dem gemacht, was in jedem einzelnen Menschen leben soll. Durch ihn ist das in die Welt gekommen, was durch Freiheit und friedliches Zusammenwirken besteht.
«In Christo werdet wieder lebendig; tötet den Geist der Uneinigkeit!» sagt Paulus.
Es kann der Mensch gegen alles dasjenige sündigen, was nicht in diesem Geist selber gehalten ist. Würde er gegen diesen Geist der allgemeinen Menschheit sündigen, würde er ihn leugnen, dann würde er kein Christ mehr sein.
Der Mensch muß dahin kommen, über den Geist bewußt zu sein. Wenn der Mensch sich immer mehr und mehr entwickelt, geschieht die Umwandlung seines Bewußtseinsleibes zum Heiligen Geist. Darum kann die Sünde wider den Heiligen Geist nicht vergeben werden.
Beim Uneingeweihten geschieht die Umwandlung des Ätherleibes unbewußt. Solange der Mensch nicht eingeweiht ist, kann er nur im astralischen Leib die Sünde begehen, die nicht vergeben werden kann. Der Eingeweihte darf auch nicht gegen den physischen und den Ätherleib sündigen. Dem noch nicht Eingeweihten können diese Sünden vergeben werden. Es geschieht dies mit der Hilfe derjenigen, welche die Führer der Menschheit sind.
Earlier Initiation and Esoteric Christianity
If we want to examine two ideas of the Christian worldview, sin against the Holy Spirit and the idea of Christian grace, in depth, we must first familiarize ourselves a little with the fundamental questions and currents of Christianity. You know from other lectures that the teachings of commonly proclaimed Christianity are based on what is known as esoteric Christianity. You also know that there are hints of such Christianity in the Gospel itself, simply in the words: When the Lord was before the people, he spoke in parables, but when he was alone with his disciples, he explained these parables to them. — There was simply a teaching for those who could understand even less, to whom one had to speak in hints, for whom one could not yet go deeper, and there was a teaching that was intended for the initiated. In this sense, the great propagator of Christianity, Paul, taught the people what we know from his letters. In addition to this teaching of Paul, which was an outward teaching for the people, there was also an esoteric teaching from him. Paul, unbeknownst to outward history, founded the esoteric school in Athens under the leadership of Dionysius. Within this esoteric school of Christianity, intimate disciples were taught the secret teachings that you are now rediscovering through spiritual science.
Scholarship does not know much about the teachings that were imparted at that time by the esoteric companions of St. Paul in Athens to intimate disciples. There is even talk of a false Dionysius, because it is said that there is no evidence that any of these teachings were written down at that time. Pseudo-Dionysius is the name given to the person who taught this esotericism in the 6th century. Only those who do not know what was customary in ancient times with such intimate teachings say this. Only in our time has it become customary for everyone to rush to commit everything to writing. In ancient times, the most sacred truths were kept secret before being published. They were first examined by those to whom they were revealed. They were taught only in esoteric schools, only from person to person, if the recipient was truly worthy of them. Thus, the teachings of esoteric Christianity were also transmitted from person to person, and some were written down in the 6th century. Because it was customary for the head of such a school to always bear the name Dionysius, the head of this school in Athens in the 6th century also bore this name, the same as his great ancestor in Athens, the friend of Paul. In the spirit of this esoteric school, as it was actually taught there, let us consider the concept of sin against the Holy Spirit, or rather blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, and the concept of Christian grace.
If we want to grasp the original meaning of Christianity, we must go far back in the history of human development and realize that with the appearance of Christ Jesus, something completely new was imprinted on the spiritual history of humanity. What was imprinted there is most intensely expressed in the initiation of Paul himself. The fact that a man like Saul received the whole conviction of the truth of Christianity through such a sudden enlightenment would not have been possible before the appearance of Christ Jesus. We have often spoken of what initiation was like before the appearance of Christ Jesus on earth. Let us do so again in order to understand what the spirit of truth actually means in the Christian sense. If we want to understand what took place in the ancient places of initiation, we must briefly recall the nature of the human being.
You know that human beings consist of seven elements. The physical body is made up of the same components as the inanimate substances of the physical world. The etheric body brings these forces to life; it works against the decay of the physical body at every moment of our lives. Only in death does the etheric or life body withdraw from the physical body. The crystal holds its substances together by itself; the living body decays as soon as it is left to itself. Truly, at every moment there is a fighter against death within it. When this fighter ceases to fight, death occurs. The third member is the astral body, the body of consciousness. The fourth member is the I, through which man is the crown of creation. All secret teachings have conceived of man as being composed of these four members. In the Pythagorean school, every student first had to be introduced to this teaching of the four-membered human being. Only when this teaching had become his innermost conviction could he be introduced to higher wisdom. He therefore had to vow: I vow by that which is deeply engraved in our hearts, the sacred fourfold nature, the spiritually sublime symbol, the original source of all natural and spiritual creation.
The most undeveloped human being has these four members. Through various incarnations, the human being develops toward ever greater perfection as the I works on these three members of the being. In the astral body, it first works on everything that is cultural progress, logical scientific learning, which serves to move away from the animal stage. This is the work of the I on the astral body. In every developed human being whose ego has already worked on the astral body, the latter divides into two parts: the given part and the part that the ego has created. This part, which becomes greater and greater the further the human being advances, is called manas or spirit self. Christian esotericism refers to this part as the Holy Spirit, in contrast to the spirit, the unpurified and unsanctified parts of the astral body. Thus we know the fifth member.
In a certain way, this already happens in ordinary human beings, that is, unconsciously. It has often been said how one must distinguish between working on the astral body and working on the etheric body: the former can be compared to the movement of the minute hand in relation to the hour hand in terms of the speed of progress compared to the latter. When a person surrenders to the impression of a sublime work of art, such a work of art has a transformative effect on the life and consciousness bodies. Every great artistic impulse has this effect. The strongest effect is that of the religious impulses brought into the world by the founders of religions, which direct the ego toward the eternal. The clairvoyant eye can see when a person's etheric body is becoming ever more beautiful and pure.
The part of the human etheric body that the ego spiritualizes is called the Buddhi, the life spirit; it is the transformed life body. In Christian esotericism, this part, which has been reworked by the ego, is called the Christos. The fifth member of the human being is the Holy Spirit, the sixth member is Christ, the inner Christos.
It has already been pointed out that there have always been so-called secret teachings for human beings, enabling them to become initiates and to look into the spiritual world itself. This is based on a higher transformation of the etheric or life body. Therefore, you must also realize that any higher training is not just the absorption of concepts and teaching material. Secret training consists rather in the transformation of the qualities of our life body. Those who have transformed their temperament have done much more than if they had absorbed an infinite amount of science.
There is an even higher transformation that only occurs with advanced training. In this, the human being purifies and cleanses their physical body. What does the human being know about their physical body? By examining it in the anatomical institute through dissection, they do not yet gain knowledge of the laws that govern it, nor do they gain inner mastery of them. But there is a way to look within oneself so that the movements of the nerve strands, the pulse, and the respiratory currents become clear, enabling the person to consciously work with them. If a person is able to transform their physical body in so-called secret training, then this reworked dense body is called Atma, because it begins with a regulation of the breathing process. The seventh member of the human being is Atma, in Christian esotericism the Father.
Thus, one first comes to the Holy Spirit, the transformed astral body, through the Holy Spirit to Christ, the consciousness of the etheric body, and through Christ to the Father, the consciousness of the physical body.
Once you understand how these seven members of human nature are connected, you will also understand what initiation was like in ancient times before Christ and what it was like after Christ Jesus appeared on earth. When a person sleeps, only the physical and etheric bodies lie in bed; the astral body is outside. When a person dies, they leave behind their physical body, and the part that they have already transformed from the physical body rises up: forces, not matter. Very little is what the person takes with them. But it is what serves to form the new physical body in a new incarnation. Materialism calls this part the “permanent atom.” First, the part that the human being has transformed from the physical body itself emerges, then the etheric body emerges, then the consciousness body, then the I. After some time, the part of the etheric body that the human being has not yet worked on detaches itself. Thus, the human being enters Kamaloka, the place of purification. After some time, that part of the astral body on which the I has not yet worked also detaches itself. Then comes the time when only that which the I itself has worked out remains attached to the human being from the three bodies. This passes through the spiritual realm. It is the eternal core of the human being. The more the I has worked out, the greater this becomes.
The Holy Spirit is the eternal spirit in the human being. Christ is the eternal part of the life body, the Father the eternal part of the physical body. These three accompany the human being through all times as his eternal part.
Before the Christian era, initiation was such that the disciple was first prepared for all that secret science can give, to the point where he was familiar with all the concepts and ideas, all the habits and feelings needed to live in the higher worlds and to perceive in them. Then came what was called the awakening, which lasted three and a half days and three nights. This consisted of the temple priest using his art to artificially put the person into a death-like sleep for three and a half days. Whereas in normal sleep the physical and etheric bodies remain connected, during this time the etheric body of the initiate was lifted out of the physical body by the art of the initiating priest, so that only a loose connection remained between the physical body and the other bodies. It was a deep trance sleep. During this time, the human ego lived in the higher worlds. Since the student had been given knowledge of the higher world, he was familiar with it. The priest guided him. First, the priest had to free the etheric body from the lethargic physical body in order to lead the student out into the spiritual worlds. In a fully conscious state, the person would never have been able to ascend to those higher worlds. He had to be lifted out of this state.
As magnificent and powerful as what the person experienced was, he was still completely in the hands of the priest. Another ruled over him, and only at this price could he enter the higher worlds. You can imagine what he was after this time when you consider that the person was able to experience his Eternal Self on this occasion. He was freed from that part of finitude, the physical body, which he could not use if he was to move in the higher worlds. From this, such a person emerged as a knower, as one who could testify from his own experience to the victory of life over death. These were the initiates who could testify to this. The etheric body had to be lifted out of the physical body in order to experience the Christos in man. These initiates could say: I have experienced for myself that there is a part of man that is eternal, that survives all incarnations. I know it, I have experienced it myself, this eternal core of being. For this price, they had to enter into a three-day period of complete dream sleep.
Something else was connected with this; this type of initiation was linked to something else. The further back we go, the more we recognize this. I have already characterized it when I spoke of what we call close marriage as opposed to distant marriage in ancient times. Among all peoples there were small communities that were related to each other. People married within these communities, and it was considered immoral to leave them. Related blood always flowed in marriages. Only gradually was close marriage replaced by the principle of distant marriage. Very special measures were even necessary for initiations: previous incarnations had to be carefully selected in order to achieve the best possible blood mixture. From this tribe was born the one who could undergo the high initiations. With blood relatives, it is particularly easy to lift the etheric body out of the physical body. With distant marriages, it is not so easy. There were entire generations of priests who made sure that the blood was preserved in a very specific way.
Human life is complicated; it does not always follow a straight path. One must delve deeper into the mysteries of existence. The principle of kinship was increasingly broken, and the tribe expanded more and more into a people. In the Israelites, we see how the tribal principle was elevated entirely to a community of people. Christ extends this perspective to a distant future: “Whoever does not leave father, mother, brother, sister for my sake cannot be my disciple.” Cruel, but most truthful, these words reveal the tendency of Christianity. In the community of the people, it was said: This is my brother, who was born within the people. — In the brotherhood of humanity, which must encompass the whole human race, it is said: Because you are human, you are my brother. — This is the deepest principle of Christianity. All narrow-mindedness of other kinship must be torn apart, a common bond between human beings must be forged. But with this, the old principle of initiation, based on blood kinship, has also been torn apart.We see the new principle of initiation, which from now on is not bound to any physical characteristic, indicated by Paul himself: he is initiated in the light, not in the darkness of the temple. This could not have happened earlier. When we consider this, we can recognize the great change brought about by Christ Jesus. It was prepared by Moses, Zarathustra, Buddha, and Pythagoras, and brought about by Christ Jesus.
Thus, we see for the first time in the Christian schools of initiation the principle being carried out, not of drawing the human being out of the physical body into the higher worlds, but of introducing him into them while he is fully conscious in his physical body. This was the case in the Christian esoteric schools. In contrast to this, the ancients, and thus a large part of humanity even now, had the initiating temple priest, whose strict authority the initiate submitted to. Only by submitting oneself completely to the power of such an initiator could one ascend.
The principle of coercive authority was also expressed in external social life: the rulers were the priests. All the rules of government, all the structure of the state, emanated from the initiating power. This was possible from the blood community in the tribe to the people. With the abolition of the old initiating principle, a completely different authority was introduced: free authority based solely on trust. You should believe in those you trust — that is the highest Christian idea, to which one rises, where everyone faces each other as brothers, and the one who stands higher is recognized as the one in whom one places one's trust.
“Watch and pray” is the Christian principle. The new initiation takes place in the waking state. “You will know the truth, and the truth will set you free” is a profound Christian saying. It signifies a perspective into the future of Christianity. Christianity is only at the beginning of its development.
Consider the intense connection between the initiating teacher in the ancient temple sleep and the disciple who receives the final stage of initiation in three and a half days. This relationship was something we cannot even imagine today. The relationship between hypnotist and hypnotized person gives us a faint reflection of the way in which the initiating temple priest first awakened the Holy Spirit and then Christ. The disciple reflected the Holy Spirit and Christ of the teacher; they had merged, and the clairvoyant could observe this process. During the three days, teacher and disciple were identified. The teacher's ego lived on in all his disciples, deeply fused through the three and a half days. Consider the social pyramid structure: at the bottom the people, above them the initiates, above them the teachers of the initiates. A spirit flowed down through all levels. Much lived on in those thus initiated, including things that were strange.
Through the principle of Christianity, individuality came into its own. Hence the basic principle of Christian initiation: the student must never merge with the teacher in this way. They must not be one person during the initiation. The Holy Spirit must arise, be awakened, in the ego of each individual. This has become the principle of Christian initiation. This is also symbolically expressed in the miracle of Pentecost in the Acts of the Apostles. The possibility of initiation was given by the fact that everyone began to speak in different tongues.
The teacher allows the individuality of the other to prevail; he enters into the heart of the disciple, he does not take it out of his physical body.
Consider how important it is for people today to develop the Holy Spirit and Christ consciousness independently. Then you will understand that it is only through this principle of Christianity that the human personality has actually been conceived as free. Only Christianity has truly liberated human individuality, and therefore Christianity has made a completely different relationship to truth and wisdom necessary than before.
In ancient times, the spirit of wisdom prevailed because it was centralized. With fragmentation, it becomes decentralized, but egoism sets in. The more the principle of distance prevails, the greater must be the power of that which brings the liberated people back together. What is that? Look at what we learn today in the elementary parts of spiritual science, and go back in history, and you will see that this knowledge was possessed only by small communities, ultimately only by the highest echelons. As a result, they ruled according to the principle of coercive authority. We are approaching a time when wisdom is becoming more and more popular. This will be a means of establishing the great brotherhood of humanity.
Two spiritual researchers will never disagree on anything. If they do, then one of the opinions is wrong. Wisdom is something unified that is incapable of difference. The more individual people become, the more wisdom must be given to them; this will bring them together. Today we are in a transitional stage. The principle of standpoint ceases entirely with the increasing development of wisdom. The more individual humanity becomes, the wiser it must become, for knowledge will bring it together: this is the spirit of wisdom that Christ Jesus promises to his own. The sun of wisdom draws all points of view to itself, as the sun draws plants.
The spirit that will set people free is the Holy Spirit. Christians must never sin against this spirit. Those who sin against it sin against Christianity itself, against the promised spirit that alone can bring together the individual human personalities.
The Gospels speak of Christ Jesus casting out demons. Demons exist only as long as man has not become free, as long as he has not yet received this Spirit of Wisdom. Man is riddled with all kinds of beings that flow in and out of his lower limbs. We call them specters, ghosts, demons. To use a trivial comparison: it is like maggots migrating in and out of cheese. By presenting himself as the spirit that casts out demons, Christ Jesus reveals himself as the spirit of freedom. Demons can only be cast out by invoking one spirit against another, the spirit of freedom against all other spirits.
Now think briefly about those ancient communities, from tribal to national communities. How can you bring together these people who have not become individually free? Imagine that everyone sitting here had become free, that the spirit of truth lived in all of them! Would we ever argue, ever come into conflict? No, because there are no points of view when only the spirit unites us.
In ancient times, external law had to prevail in order to keep people together. Two people who know the spirit of truth will naturally feel drawn to each other. Thus, at the beginning of human development there is law, and at the end there is peaceful, harmonious cooperation from within. In esoteric Christianity, this is called grace, in contrast to law. Nothing other than the ability to empathize with others in complete peace is the deepest concept of Christianity.
The astral body filled with the Holy Spirit is the same for everyone; the spirit of truth is the same in everyone. Imagine this spirit in such an individuality in which Christ is also awakened, the principle that acts as the spirit of life in the body of life. When everyone permeates the etheric body with this feeling, then you have in every heart the feeling for the unified spirit, the individualities brought together by common wisdom. And what you feel within yourself: that is charity, grace.
It was brought by Him who, at the beginning of our era, had the whole Christos within Himself in His individuality, who was the first to fulfill the whole principle of humanity. Christ Jesus made Himself what should live in every single human being. Through Him, that which consists of freedom and peaceful cooperation came into the world.
“In Christ, you will come alive again; kill the spirit of disunity!” says Paul.
Human beings can sin against everything that is not held in this spirit itself. If they sin against this spirit of universal humanity, if they deny it, then they are no longer Christians.
Human beings must come to be conscious of the spirit. As human beings develop more and more, their consciousness body is transformed into the Holy Spirit. That is why sin against the Holy Spirit cannot be forgiven.
In the uninitiated, the transformation of the etheric body takes place unconsciously. As long as a person is not initiated, they can only commit sins that cannot be forgiven in the astral body. The initiated person must not sin against the physical and etheric bodies either. Those who are not yet initiated can be forgiven for these sins. This happens with the help of those who are the leaders of humanity.