The Structure of the Lords Prayer
GA 97
4 February 1907, Karlsruhe
Translated by A. H. Parker
All the formulae of a devotional or petitionary character, wise saws, aphorism and the like will be found at all times to contain much that touches upon the hidden mysteries of existence. But we must realize that all the different religions practiced prayer, but differed in one particular aspect in that some practiced prayer more in the form of so-called meditation, whilst Christianity and a few other religions practiced true prayer in the sense we know it to-day. On the whole, meditation is characteristic of the oriental religions. Meditation implies identification with some specific spiritual theme or object so that the meditator finds union with the divine Ground through this spiritual theme or object with which he is identified. Let us be quite clear that there are religions which, for example, prescribe for their members exercises in meditation, definite formulae of a devotional character on which they concentrate their mind, and as they concentrate upon these formulae they feel that divine spiritual life permeates their soul and that the individual, at this moment, is merged with the divine Ground. These formulae, however, belong to the mental realm. Fundamentally Christian prayer is no different except that its content is associated more with the emotional nature and feeling part of man. The Christian merges with the all-pervasive divine Being more through his emotions and feelings.
One should not imagine however that Christian prayer was always understood in this sense, nor indeed should it be understood in the manner in which it is frequently understood to-day. Now there exists an original, archetypal Christian prayer in which Christ Jesus Himself has indicated in the clearest possible way what attitude of mind the Christian should adopt towards prayer. And the injunction of this original prayer is simply this: “Oh my Father, if it be possible let this cup pass from me; nevertheless, not as I will, but as Thou willt.” Now let us look closely at these final words. We are first of all faced with a definite request—Christ asks to be spared the cup of suffering; but at the same time we are asked to surrender to the Divine Will: “Not as I will but as Thou willt.” This frame of mind which, when we pray, allows the Divine Will to pervade us, wills nothing for itself, but allows the Godhead to will in us, this frame of mind, this attitude of surrender must form the undercurrent, the key-note of prayer, if prayer is to reflect the Christian spirit.
So long as this spirit of humility prevails it is clear that it is impossible to practice petitionary prayer. And there are additional reasons why it is impossible to pray to God for the gratification of one's desires: one person would pray for rain, another for sunshine and both would be motivated by self interest. Or take the case where two armies are facing each other. Before the battle is joined each side prays for victory. But it is obviously impossible to grant both requests. But if the spirit in which one asks is, “Not my will but Thine be done”, then the petition is irrelevant—one surrenders to the divine Will. If I wish to make a particular request I leave it to the divine Being to decide whether my request should be granted or not.
This is the predominant spirit of Christian prayer and it is this spirit that gave birth to that universal, all-embracing prayer of Christian tradition, the Lord's Prayer, which according to Christian tradition was taught by Christ Himself. This prayer must, in fact, be reckoned amongst the most profound of all prayers. To-day we cannot really measure the full depth and dimensions of the Lord's Prayer as revealed by the original language in which it was taught. But the thought-content is so powerful that it could lose nothing of its effectiveness in translation into any language.
When we turn to the prayers of other peoples, we find, wherever religions have reached their high-point, prayers such as I have described to you. But when the various religions declined, these prayers inevitably lost something of their true character. They have become magical formulae, instruments of idolatry, and in the epoch when Christ Jesus taught His followers to pray, many of these magic formulae—all of which had their particular significance in their place of origin—were in common use. These magic formulae were always associated with worldly desires, with personal demands of a self-interested nature. Jesus taught that petitionary prayer, asking for oneself, was contrary to the Christian idea of prayer. Such prayers were secular in intention. When the Christian prays he should withdraw into his inner chamber, into the inner recesses of the soul where he can unite with the divine, spiritual Being. We must realize that in each of us dwells a spark of the Divine, that we partake of the Divine nature. But it would be wrong to assume that the creature is therefore commensurate with the Creator. When we say that man partakes of the Divine this does not imply that man himself is divine. A drop of water from the ocean is of the same element as the ocean, but is certainly not the ocean. So too the human soul is a drop from the ocean of the Godhead, but it is not God. Just as the drop can unite with its own element when returned to the ocean, so, as a drop from the Godhead, the soul unites spiritually in prayer or meditation with its God. This union of the soul with its God is called by Christ entering into the inner chamber.
Now that we have described the nature of Christian prayer and what is demanded of the Christian in prayer we shall be able to turn our attention to the content of the Lord's Prayer itself. I stated that the Lord's Prayer is the most all-embracing prayer. Therefore, in order to understand the Lord's Prayer, it is necessary to begin by widening the scope of our enquiries; we shall need to make many a detour in order to grasp its full meaning. We must study the being of man from a certain angle. As you know, we follow the traditional method which spiritual investigation has practiced over thousands of years. Let us briefly recall the nature of man's being.
First there is the physical body. Its substances and forces are identical with the mineral kingdom and the whole of inorganic nature. This physical body however is not, as the materialist imagines, simply an object in space, but it is also the lowest member of the human being. The next member is the etheric or life-body which man shares in common with the plants and animals, for every plant, animal or human being must call upon the chemical and physical substances so that they are galvanized into life, since of themselves they would remain inert. The third member is the astral body, the bearer of joy and sorrow, of impulses, desires and passions and the normal impressions of daily life. All these are the province of the astral body. Man shares this astral body only with the animal kingdom for the animal also is subject to joy and sorrow, impulses, desires and passions. To sum up, therefore: man shares the physical body in common with inorganic nature, the etheric with all that grows and propagates, with the entire plant kingdom, and the astral body with the animal kingdom. In addition there is a fourth member of his being which raises him above these kingdoms of nature and makes him the crown of Creation.
Such is the conclusion we arrive at after a little reflection. Now there is a name which differs from all others, the “ I ”, which can only refer to oneself. To everyone else I am a “thou”, and everyone else is a “thou” to me. As a name for the identity of the individual, the “ I ” can only arise within the soul itself; it cannot be experienced from without. The great religions have always been aware of this and therefore they said: when the soul recognizes itself as an “ I ”, then the God in man begins to speak, the God who speaks through the soul. The name “ I ” cannot be experienced from without, it must be experienced within the soul itself. This is the fourth principle or member of the human being.
The occult science of the Hebrews called this “ I ” the ineffable name of God. “Jahve” signifies simply “I am”. Wherever interpretations may be given by external scholarship, it really meant “I am”, namely, the fourth principle of the human being. Man consists of these four principles and we call them the four principles of man's lower nature.
Now if we wish to understand the being of man as a whole, we must look back into the history of human evolution. We can trace in retrospect the many and diverse peoples who precede us: the old Teutonic and Central European civilization, the Greco-Latin and Chaldean peoples, the Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians and Hebrews, the Persian peoples, even as far back as the Indian people from whom our present civilization stemmed. And in their turn the Indian people could look back to their forebears who dwelt in Atlantis, the continent which now forms the ocean-bed between Europe and America. Atlantis was destroyed by a series of deluges and vanished beneath the waters. The memory of this catastrophe has survived in the myths and legends of all peoples as the story of the Flood.
But even this civilization is not the oldest on earth. We can look back to still earlier times when man inhabited a continent that was situated approximately between the present Indo-China, Australia and Africa—ancient Lemuria, a continent of immemorial antiquity where totally different conditions from those of to-day prevailed. Usually we are not sufficiently aware of the vast and sweeping changes on earth in the course of human evolution. Now at this time the lower principles in man were already in eminence, and this continent was inhabited by beings consisting of the four principles, physical body, etheric body, astral body and the ego-nature. These beings were more highly organized than the highest animals of to-day, but had not reached the human stage. They were animal-men, yet different from the existing animals of our time. The latter are degenerate descendants which have evolved from these animal-men as a result of retardation and degeneration. The Lemurian beings, therefore, living at that time underwent a quite specific modification.
At that time they were ready to receive a certain force, the force of our higher soul to-day. There took place what we may describe as the union of the lower human nature with the human soul. Up to this time this human soul rested in the bosom of the Godhead, was an integral part of the Godhead Himself. Above therefore, in the realm of the spiritual, we have the divine-spiritual Being; below, the human envelopes consisting of four principles which had evolved so far that they were able to receive “drops” of this Godhead. We can illustrate what took place at that time by the following analogy. Picture a glass full of water. Let us imagine a number of sponges each containing a drop of this water. The drops which had previously formed an integral part of the water are now distributed amongst the sponges. This is a simple illustration which serves to show how the process of ensoulment took place at that time. Hitherto the soul had been one with the divine First Cause, just as the drop had been one with the water. These physical human envelopes behaved exactly as the sponges. These spiritual “drops”, separated from the common divine substance, became individualized. When they became souls they were like drops within the envelopes and from that moment actively began to fashion man as a physical and spiritual being such as he is to-day. These souls incarnated for the first time in the Lemurian epoch, then passed through innumerable incarnations and developed their physical body to its present stage. Thus parts of the Godhead were united with the lower principles of man's being. With each embodiment these souls progressively evolved, with each embodiment they became more perfect in order to attain a higher stage of being in the future.
This part of the higher nature which at that time was united with the lower nature and transformed it, and in the process of this transformation raised itself to a higher level, we call the higher principle of man's being: Spirit Self (Manas), Life Spirit (Buddhi), and Spirit Man (Atma). These are the aspects of the divine Essence by means of which man transforms in gradual stages his lower nature into the higher nature. By means of the force working within Manas he transforms his astral body, through the force of Buddhi he transforms his etheric body and through that of Atma the physical body. Therefore in order to attain the goal of his evolution he must transfigure and spiritualize these three bodies. Formerly, man consisted of the four lower principles—physical body, etheric body, astral body and ego, to which was added at that time the germ of higher development which in reality is an emanation of the highest spiritual principle, namely the higher Triad, the divine Essence, the spiritual potentiality of man. Now we can look at this higher aspect of human nature from two standpoints: on the one hand as the higher nature of man which he is to evolve in the course of evolution, or on the other, as an aspect of the divine Being from which he has emerged, as the Divine aspect in man. Christ takes the second point of view first. We shall follow the same course and enquire into the nature of these higher forces in human nature. We shall start from the highest principle, the force of Atma working within man.
I would now like to characterize for you the true nature and essence of this higher principle of human nature rather than to offer you some kind of superficial definition. That which becomes the force of Atma is, in so far as it is a force emanating from the Godhead, of a volitional nature. If you pause to reflect upon your own power of volition, upon your will power, then you have a pale copy, a pale reflection of that which proceeds from the force of Atma, from the Godhead. Will is the power or force which is least developed to-day. The will, however, has the potentiality to grow increasingly in strength until a time will come when it reaches its maximum potentiality, when it will be able to attain its goal, which the religions call the “Great Sacrifice”.
Now imagine you are looking into a mirror. Your reflection is a faithful copy of your physiognomy, imitates your every gesture, resembles you in every respect, but it is a lifeless image of yourself. You stand before the mirror as a living being and are faced with your lifeless image, which resembles you in every detail, but is without the living reality, the essential self. Imagine that your will had developed to the point when it was able to make the decision to sacrifice your own existence, your own being, or to surrender it to your reflected image. You would then be in a position to sacrifice yourself wholly in order to endow your reflected image with your own life. Of such a will we say: it emanates, it pours out its own nature. What Christianity terms “the divine Will of the Father” is the highest expression of the will.
Today, therefore, the human will is the least developed member of the soul forces. It is however in the process of developing such strength that it is able to consummate the “Great Sacrifice”. Volitional nature, in so far as it is an outpouring of Divinity, is the true nature of that which can develop as the power of Atma.
Let us now consider from the Christian standpoint the second principle of man's higher nature, Buddhi or Life Spirit, as an outpouring of the Godhead. You will have no difficulty in understanding this if you do not concentrate on the force radiating from itself in order to lend life to the reflected image, but upon the reflected image itself. The reflected image is an exact repetition of the original entity. It is the same—and yet not the same—when you apply this idea to the entire universe, showing how the divine Will as a center is reflected in all directions.
Imagine a hollow globe whose inner walls are reflecting surfaces. A center of illumination inside this globe is reflected in myriad sequins on the walls: everywhere the universal Will in endless multiplicity, everywhere reflected images, single aspects of the Godhead.
Consider the Cosmos in this way—the Universe as a reflection of the infinite Divine Will. The Divine Will is not present in any single being, but expresses itself in infinite diversity. The reflection of the Godhead—where the Godhead occupies the central position and yet at the same time by virtue of the “Great Sacrifice” pours life into every reflected image of Himself—is called in Christian terminology “the Kingdom”. And this expression, “the Kingdom”, is identical with the Buddhi in man. When we contemplate the creative and productive principle in the Universe, the principle that issues from the Divine First Cause, then the next higher principle associated with Atma is Buddhi, a vital spark of this creative principle. In the form of “Kingdom”, Buddhi is universal and cosmic.
Let us now turn our attention to the individual aspects of the “Kingdom”. So far we have only considered it as a whole. Let us now look into the separate entities. How do we distinguish between them? By what is called in Christian terminology “the Name”. Each separate entity is invested with a name and thus we distinguish respectively the manifold, and the particular. By “the Name” the Christian understands what is often called the “representation”, that which is characteristic of an object. Just as the individual is distinguished from his neighbor by the name, so too the name is felt to reflect at the same time a part of the divine Being. The Christian responds to this name in the right way when he realizes that every member of “the Kingdom” is an outpouring of the Divine, that every morsel of bread he consumes is an outpouring, a mirror and a part of the Godhead. The Christian must realize that this is true of the smallest things. In human nature man owes it to the individual Spirit Self that he becomes an individual over against the others. What in “the Kingdom” is “the Name”, man possesses in his individual Spirit Self or Manas through the fact that he is a special part of the Godhead, that he has his own particular name, the name which in the individual passes from incarnation to incarnation.
Thus this threefold nature is seen to be a manifestation of the Supreme Being and from this point of view Atma is “the Will” of the Godhead, Buddhi or Life Spirit “the Kingdom”, and Manas or Spirit Self “the Name”.
Let us now look at the four lower principles of human nature, starting from the lowest, the physical body. This body is composed of the same substance and forces as external nature, substances and forces which the body continually transforms. It is only through the processes of anabolism and catabolism in the physical organism of man that life is maintained. He can only continue to exist because he is continually renewed by the transformation of these physical substances. He is an integral part of the whole of physical nature. A finger cannot preserve its identity if severed—it withers the moment it is separated from the body; it keeps its identity because it is an integral part of the whole organism; in the same way the physical body cannot preserve its identity if detached from the Earth. Thus man only preserves his identity when he is intimately related to the elements of the Earth. It is only through the metabolic processes that his fundamental being is maintained. Such is the nature of the physical body.
The second principle is the etheric or life-body. We must realize that it is this body which activates the physical substances and forces. It is not only the bearer of growth and propagation and of biological phenomena in general, but also of all those qualities in man which are of a more permanent nature than the transient impulses, desires and passions. In what respect does it differ from the astral body? If you wish to understand wherein this difference lies then you need only look back to the time when you were only eight years old. Think of all that you have learnt since that time, of the vast store of concepts, ideas and lessons won from those experiences which have enriched your life. Then think how painfully slow are the changes in your etheric body. Think how choleric you were as a child and ask yourself if you are not still prone to fits of anger on frequent occasions. Think of how your tendencies or your temperament have largely remained unchanged. They have not changed so much as your personal experiences. All that we experience, all that we learn from experience can be compared to the minute hand of a clock and the changes in character, temperament and habits to the hour hand. This difference then is explained by the fact that the astral body is the bearer of the former, whilst the etheric body is the bearer of the latter. A change in your habits implies a change in your etheric body. The lessons learned from experience imply a change in the astral body.
The training of the student in true occultism does not depend on what he outwardly learns; all spiritual training modifies the etheric body. Therefore you have done more for your real occult development if you have succeeded in transforming a single deep-rooted trait than if you have acquired unlimited external knowledge. Accordingly we distinguish exoterically, that for which the etheric body is the vehicle, and esoterically, what the etheric body needs. The etheric body is also the vehicle of the faculty of memory, but not of memory as conscious recollection. Any strengthening of the memory, for example, is associated with a transformation of the etheric body; any weakening of the memory implies a change in the etheric body, a change in the power to remember. And there is an additional factor of vital importance. Man lives to-day on two levels. He is a member of a family, of a clan, a nation and so on, and he also possesses certain characteristics which he shares in common with others and which bind him to that relationship. The characteristics of the Frenchman are quite different from those of the German and these again are different from those of the Englishman. They all share certain characteristics of their descent. At the same time every man has his own individual characteristics through which he transcends the limitations of his nation and through which he establishes his particular identity. One is a member of a community by virtue of certain qualities or characteristics of the etheric body. It is these characteristics which determine one's membership of a nation, a race and especially of a community. That which makes it possible to transcend the limitations of this community originates in the astral body. The astral body determines man's individual tendencies.
Therefore it is important for man's life in the community that his etheric body should harmonize with the etheric bodies of those with whom he has to associate. If he cannot make this adjustment it is impossible for him to live with them: difficulties arise and he is rejected by the community, he becomes an outcast. The task of man's etheric body therefore is to adjust itself to the etheric bodies of others. The astral body determines man's individual tendencies; it must live in such a way that the individual does not commit personal sins. Personal sins are the consequences of errors on the part of the astral body, are in effect defects of the astral body. Failure to achieve harmony with the community is the consequence of defects of the etheric body. In the esoteric teachings of Christianity the correct term for the defects of the etheric body was “debt”, that which disturbs harmonious relationship with others. A defect of the astral body, a defect which stems from individuation was called in Christian esotericism “succumbing to temptation”. It is the impulses, passions and desires of the astral body which lead man into temptation. The astral body errs through its own inner defects. In this way Christian esotericism distinguished between “debt” and yielding to temptation.
Let us now turn to the fourth principle of the human being, the ego. We have already described the physical body which is continuously recreated by means of metabolic processes, the etheric body which may be burdened with “debt”, and the astral body which may succumb to temptation. The fourth principle, the ego, is the primal source of selfishness, of egoism. It is through the efforts and operation of the ego that what was a unity in the Godhead is now diffused among the many. The defection from the divine unity into individualized existence is the work of the ego. Hence Christian teaching attributed to the ego the real origin of self-seeking and egoism. So long as the separate entities were united in the Godhead, conflict could not exist among them. Conflict could only arise when they became individualized, i.e. separate egos. The mutual development through conflict, which is tantamount to egoism, is called in Christianity the transgression of the ego, and Christian tradition indicates very precisely the moment when this soul became incarnated in the body through the Fall into sin, the eating of the apple in Paradise. The real “sin” or transgression of the ego is designated by the term “evil”. Evil therefore is the defect or transgression of the fourth lower principle. Only the ego can succumb to evil, which arose through the eating of the apple. In Latin, “malum” means both evil and apple.
To sum up: the physical body and the physical elements of the environment are of the same nature. The physical body is sustained by the processes of metabolism, the continuous interchange of forces and substances. The etheric body is that which holds the balance between the different members of the community and may incur “debt”. Finally we have the astral body which must not fall into sin and the ego which must not become the victim of egoism, of evil. This lower Quaternary unites with the higher Triad, the divine Essence,
ATMA BUDDHI MANAS (Will) (Kingdom) (Name)
Now think of prayer as a union of man, who has withdrawn into his inner chamber, with the Godhead itself. In the original teaching of Christianity the soul is portrayed as divine, as a drop from the ocean of the Godhead. And the soul in its separateness must pray to be reunited with the immanent and transcendent Godhead. The origin of the divinity in man is given the name of the Father. And the goal of the soul's destiny, where the soul will be united with the Father is Devachan or heaven.
And now let us recall the nature of the primal or archetypal prayer. It is an appeal by the alienated soul to be united with the divine Fatherhood.
The purpose of this prayer was to beseech God for the consummation of the three higher principles, to pray that the Will, the highest manifestation of the Divine may be realized in man; that the second higher principle, the Kingdom, shall take possession of the soul; and that the third higher principle, the Name, shall be felt as holy. This prayer therefore would refer to the three higher principles of the divine in man. In respect of the four lower principles he would ask: may my physical body be granted the substances necessary to sustain it; may the etheric body strike a balance between its own debt and the debt of others; may man live in harmony with his neighbor. May the astral body not fall into temptation and may the ego not succumb to evil, the true outcome of what we ordinarily mean by egoism.
You should pray for union with the Father in the words of a primal or archetypal prayer. And you should pray in such a way that, as you pray, you meditate upon the single principles of your sevenfold being.
“Our Father which art in Heaven.” First you invoke the Father, then you prefer your petitions which are related to the three higher principles:
“Hallowed be Thy Name, Thy Kingdom come. Thy Will be done on earth as it is in heaven.”
Then follow the four petitions which refer to the four lower principles:
“Give us this day our daily bread. Forgive us our trespasses (our debts) as we forgive them that trespass against us (as we forgive our debtors).”
This implies reconciliation with our fellow men.
“Lead us not into temptation”—refers to the astral body, and “Deliver us from evil”, i.e. from all manifestation of egoism or self-interest—to the ego.
Thus the meaning of the evolution of the seven-principled being of man is incorporated in the seven petitions of the Lord's Prayer. The Lord's Prayer as a Christian prayer, is offered to Christians from out of a deep understanding of the being of man and it incorporates the sum of theosophic teaching concerning the nature of man. Prayers that are not of merely transient effect, but which possess the soul and rejoice the heart for thousands of years, are the fruit of deepest wisdom. Such a prayer could never have arisen through an arbitrary collocation of beautiful or sublime words. It is only because these words have been drawn from the deep well of wisdom that they possess the power to influence the soul of man for thousands of years.
To maintain that the simple-minded have no understanding of this wisdom is not a valid objection. They have no need of understanding, for the power of the Lord's Prayer stems from this wisdom and is effective even when there is no understanding of the wisdom content. It is important to have a right understanding of this. When we look at a plant we are captivated by its beauty. And the most simple minded will also be captivated though he may know nothing perhaps of the divine wisdom concealed in the plant. And the same is true of prayers that answer our deepest needs. One need know nothing of the wisdom they embody and yet such prayers possess none the less the power, the wisdom, the exaltation and the sanctity of prayer. If a prayer is born of the highest wisdom, it is not essential that we know of this wisdom. What is of importance is that we experience personally the power of that wisdom.
Only in our present epoch is it possible once more to throw light upon what Christ Jesus contributed to prayer and to discover afresh the power He has infused into it, especially the Lord's Prayer. And because this prayer has issued from the fountain head of wisdom concerning man himself and his sevenfold being it not only exercises a powerful and lasting influence upon the most untutored mind, but is all the more edifying for those who are able to discover its deeper meaning. And at the same time it loses nothing of that power which if has always exercised, a power that overwhelms yet exalts, for the whole of theosophy, of divine wisdom, is found in the Lord's Prayer.
Christ often spoke to the multitude in parables. When He was alone with His disciples He expounded the parables to them. From this wisdom-filled exegesis of the parables the disciples were to derive that power through which they could become His messengers and could learn how Christ Himself had attained that magic power through which His mission is destined to continue acting upon mankind for thousands of years.
In this way we come to understand the meaning of the Lord's Prayer.
Das Vaterunser
In all den gebetsartigen Formeln und sonstigen Weisheitssprüchen und dergleichen, die uns überkommen sind von den großen Religionen, liegt überall viel von den tiefen Geheimnissen des Daseins. Wir müssen uns nur darüber klar sein, daß alle die verschiedenen Religionen das Gebet hatten, daß sie sich allerdings in einer bestimmten Art unterschieden, indem die einen das Gebet mehr in der Form der sogenannten Meditation, das Christentum und einige andere Religionen dagegen das eigentliche, wirkliche Gebet hatten, wie es unter diesem Namen heute bekannt ist. Meditationen haben vorzugsweise die orientalischen Religionen. Meditation ist ein SichVersenken in einen geistigen Inhalt, und zwar so, daß der Betreffende in diesem geistigen Inhalt, in den er sich versenkt, ein Zusammengehen mit dem geistig-göttlichen Urgrund der Welt findet. Also fassen Sie das richtig auf: Es gibt Religionen, die ihren Angehörigen Meditationsformeln geben, zum Beispiel bestimmte gebetsartige Formeln, in die man sich versenkt und in deren Versenkung man fühlt, wie der Strom des göttlich-geistigen Lebens die Seele durchzieht, und der Mensch in diesen Momenten in dem göttlichen Urgrund des Geistigen aufgeht. Diese Formeln sind aber mehr Gedankeninhalt. Im Grunde genommen ist das christliche Gebet auch nichts anderes, nur ist sein Inhalt ein mehr empfindungs- und gefühlsmäßiger. Der Christ versenkt sich mehr auf dem Wege der Empfindung und des Gefühls in das göttliche Wesen, das die Welt durchströmt.
Man darf aber nicht glauben, daß das christliche Gebet immer in einem solchen Sinne aufgefaßt wurde oder überhaupt so aufgefaßt werden kann, wie es heute vielfach geschieht. Es gibt ein christliches Urgebet, in dem der Christus Jesus selbst, so klar als es irgend möglich ist, darauf hingewiesen hat, welche Stimmung für den Christen im Gebet notwendig ist. Und dieses Urgebet ist einfach das: «Vater, ist es möglich, so laß diesen Kelch an mir vorübergehen, doch nicht mein, sondern dein Wille geschehe.» Fassen wir einmal diese letzten Worte ins Auge. Wir haben es zunächst mit einer wirklichen Bitte zu tun: das Vorübergehenlassen des Kelches, aber zu gleicher Zeit mit einem völligen Aufgehen in dem Willen des Göttlich-Geistigen: «Doch nicht mein, sondern dein Wille geschehe.» Diese Stimmung, daß man während des Gebets den Willen des Göttlich-Geistigen durch sich hindurchwirken laßt, aufgeht darin, nichts für sich will, sondern in sich die Gottheit wollen läßt, diese Stimmung muß als eine Unterströmung, ein Grundton das Gebet durchdringen, wenn es christlich sein soll.
Klar ist, wie unmöglich es ist, hierdurch ein egoistisches Gebet zu haben. Es ist ja schon auch aus andern Gründen unmöglich, ein egoistisches Gebet zu Gott zu schicken, denn der eine würde bitten um Regen, der Nachbar um Sonnenschein, beide würden bitten aus ihrem Egoismus heraus, ganz abgesehen von dem Falle, wo zwei Heere kampfbereit einander gegenüberstehen, und jedes bittet, daß ihm der Sieg verliehen werde, was ja ganz ausgeschlossen ist. Aber wenn man den Unterton, den Grundton hat, «nicht mein, sondern dein Wille geschehe», dann kann man um alles bitten, dann ist das ein Aufgehen in dem göttlich-geistigen Willen. Ich möchte um das bitten, aber ich stelle es der göttlich-geistigen Wesenheit anheim, zu entscheiden, ob es mir werden soll oder nicht.
Dies ist die Grundstimmung des christlichen Gebets, und von diesem Gesichtspunkte aus ging nun das umfassendste, universellste Gebet der christlichen Überlieferung: Das Vaterunser, das nach der christlichen Überlieferung von Christus Jesus selbst gelehrt worden ist. Dieses gehört tatsächlich zu den allertiefsten Gebeten der Welt. Wir können nur heute nicht mehr die ganze volle Tiefe des Vaterunsers ermessen, wie es die Ursprache ergeben hat, in der es gelehrt wurde. Aber der Gedankeninhalt ist ein so gewaltiger, daß er in keiner Sprache auch nur irgendwie Einbuße erleiden könnte.
Wenn Sie zu den Gebeten anderer Völker gehen, dann finden Sie überall da, wo die Religionen in ihrer Blüte stehen, ihre Höhe erreicht haben, Gebete in dem Sinne, der Ihnen charakterisiert worden ist. Solche Gebete haben allerdings dann, wenn die verschiedenen Religionen heruntergekommen sind, einen weniger richtigen Charakter angenommen: Sie sind zu Zauberformeln geworden, zu Mitteln des Götzendienstes, und in der Zeit, in der Christus Jesus die Seinigen beten lehrte, waren viele, viele solcher Zauberformeln - die ja alle da, wo sie entstanden sind, etwas Tiefes bedeuteten - im Gebrauch. Solche Zauberformeln bezogen sich immer auf das, was man äußerlich gerne hatte, also gerade auch auf eine egoistische, von persönlichen Wünschen erfüllte Bitte. So sollen die Christen nicht beten, lehrte der Herr. Das ist ein Gebet, das sich auf Äußeres bezieht. Der Christ soll so beten, daß sein Gebet im stillen Kämmerlein geschieht, und das ist das Innerste der menschlichen Seele, jener Teil, in dem sich der Mensch mit der göttlich-geistigen Wesenheit verbinden kann. Klar müssen wir uns ja sein, daß in jedem Menschen etwas lebt, das wir als einen Tropfen aus dem Meere des Göttlichen bezeichnen können, daß etwas in jedem Menschen ist, was Gott gleich ist. Es wäre aber ganz falsch, zu denken, daß deshalb der Mensch selbst Gott gleich sei. Wenn man sagt: Etwas ist im Menschen, das Gott gleich ist —, so heißt das noch nicht, auch der Mensch selbst ist Gott gleich, denn ein Tropfen aus dem Meere ist seiner Substanz nach dem Meere gleich, aber der Tropfen ist doch nicht das Meer. So ist die menschliche Seele ein Tropfen aus dem Meere der Gottheit, aber sie ist nicht Gott, und so wie der Tropfen sich mit seiner eigenen Substanz vereinigen kann, wenn Sie ihn ins Meer gießen, so vereinigt sich die Seele als ein Tropfen der Gottheit in geistiger Weise in Gebet oder Meditation mit ihrem Gott. Dieses Vereinigen der Seele mit ihrem Gott heißt Christus Jesus, das Beten im stillen Kämmerlein.
Wenn wir nun zunächst charakterisiert haben, welches die Gesinnung des christlichen Gebetes und die Forderung bei diesem Gebet in bezug auf die christliche, menschliche Gesinnung ist, dann werden wir uns nun den Inhalt des Vaterunsers selbst vor die Seele rücken können. Gesagt wurde Ihnen, daß das Vaterunser das umfassendste Gebet ist. Deshalb werden Sie es mit mir für nötig finden, daß wir, um das Vaterunser zu verstehen, einmal eine ganz umfassende Weltbetrachtung anstellen. Es wird ein weiter Umweg notwendig sein, das Vaterunser zu begreifen. Wir müssen von einem gewissen Gesichtspunkte aus das Wesen des Menschen betrachten. Sie wissen, daß wir das so tun, wie die Geistesforschung der Jahrtausende es immer betrachtet hat. Führen wir uns das noch einmal rasch vor die Seele. |
Wenn ein Mensch vor uns steht, so steht da zunächst der physische Leib, den er in seinen Stoffen und Kräften mit allen Mineralien und scheinbar leblosen Naturprodukten gemeinsam hat. Dieser physische Leib des Menschen ist aber nicht, wie etwa der materialistische Sinn meint, allein in dem Raume vor uns, sondern er ist nur das allerunterste der Glieder der menschlichen Wesenheit. Als nächstes Glied unterscheiden wir den Ätherleib oder Lebensleib des Menschen, den er gemeinschaftlich mit den Pflanzen und Tieren hat, denn jede Pflanze, jedes Tier und jeder Mensch muß die chemischen und physischen Stoffe aufrufen, so daß sie zum Leben kommen, nicht durch sich selbst können sie sich Leben geben. Das dritte Glied ist der astralische Leib, der Träger von Lust und Leid, Trieben, Begierden und Leidenschaften und den gewöhnlichen Vorstellungen des täglichen Lebens. Alles das könnte der Mensch nicht haben, wenn er nicht diesen astralischen Leib hätte. Diesen hat er nur noch mit den Tieren gemeinschaftlich. Auch das Tier hat Lust und Leid, Triebe, Begierden und Leidenschaften und hat also auch diesen Leib. Den physischen Leib hat der Mensch demnach gemeinschaftlich mit den scheinbar leblosen Mineralien, den Äther- oder Lebensleib mit allem was wächst und sich fortpflanzt, mit dem ganzen Pflanzenreich; den astralischen Leib hat er gemeinschaftlich mit der tierischen Natur. Dazu hat er noch etwas, wodurch er hinausgeht über diese drei Naturreiche der Erde, wodurch er die Krone der Erdenschöpfung ist. Das ist das vierte Glied seiner Wesenheit.
Wir kommen dazu, wenn wir eine kleine Überlegung anstellen. Es gibt einen Namen, der sich unterscheidet von allen übrigen: «Ich» können Sie zu niemand anderem sagen. Für jeden anderen bin ich ein «Du», und jeder andere ist für mich ein «Du». «Ich» kann nur als Name für das, was es bedeutet, im Inneren der Seele selbst ertönen, niemals kann es von außen an Sie heranklingen, wenn es Sie selbst bedeutet. Das haben die tieferen Religionen immer empfunden zu allen Zeiten, und daher sagten sie: Wenn die Seele anfängt, im Inneren diese ihre Selbstbezeichnung sich zu geben, dann fängt der Gott im Menschen zu sprechen an, der Gott, der durch die Seele spricht. Der Name «Ich» kann nicht von außen hineintönen, er muß in der Seele selbst ertönen. Das ist das vierte Glied der menschlichen Wesenheit.
Die hebräische Geheimwissenschaft hat dieses Ich den unaussprechlichen Namen Gottes genannt. «Jahve» bedeutet nichts anderes als: «Ich bin». Was eine äußere Wissenschaft auch für Interpretationen geben kann, in Wahrheit hat es bedeutet: «Ich bin» — das vierte Glied der menschlichen Wesenheit. Dieses sind die vier Glieder, aus denen der Mensch zunächst besteht. Wir nennen sie auch die vier Glieder der sogenannten niederen Natur des Menschen.
Nun müssen Sie, um die ganze Wesenheit des Menschen zu verstehen, in der menschlichen Entwickelung noch ein wenig zurückgehen. Da kommen wir zurück zu mannigfaltigen Völkern, die uns vorangegangen sind: die alte germanische und mitteleuropäische Entwickelung, die griechisch-lateinischen und chaldäischen Völker, Ägypter, Assyrer, Babylonier und Hebräer, die persischen Völker bis hinunter zu dem Volk, von dem unsere jetzige Kultur ausgegangen ist: zu dem indischen Volk. Dieses hat seinerseits aber auch wieder Vorfahren gehabt, welche aber ganz woanders gelebt haben, und zwar auf jenem Erdteil, der jetzt der Meeresboden zwischen Europa und Amerika ist, in der Atlantis. Diese ist durch mächtige Fluten hinweggespült worden, der Boden hat sich gesenkt durch ein gewaltiges Naturereignis, das sich in den Mythen und Sagen aller Völker als die Sintflut erhalten hat.
Aber auch dieses ist noch nicht das älteste Kulturland der Erde. Vor langen Zeiten kommen wir zurück in das Gebiet, wo der Mensch in seiner heutigen Form entstanden ist, ein Land, das ungefähr zwischen dem heutigen Hinterindien, Australien und Afrika lag: das alte Lemurien, ein uraltes Land, in dem ganz andere Verhältnisse als heute auf der Erde geherrscht haben. Gewöhnlich stellt man sich viel zu wenig vor, wie groß und ganz umfassend die Umänderungen auf der Erde im Laufe der Menschheitsentwickelung selbst waren. Da nun treffen wir einen Zeitpunkt an, in dem die niedrige Natur des Menschen schon vorhanden war. Damals wandelten auf dieser Erde Wesenheiten, die aus diesen vier Gliedern bestanden: physischem Leib, Ätherleib, Astralkörper und der IchNatur. Diese Wesenheiten waren höher organisiert als die höchsten heutigen Tiere, nur noch keine Menschen: Tiermenschen, aber nicht etwa wie die heutigen Tiere. Diese sind degenerierte Nachkommen, die sich von diesen Tiermenschen durch Zurückbleiben und Zurückbildung entwickelt haben. Mit diesen Wesen also, die damals lebten, ist in jener Zeit etwas ganz Besonderes geschehen.
Damals waren sie reif, eine gewisse Kraft in sich aufzunehmen, eine Kraft, welche unsere höhere Seelenkraft ist. Es fand, wenn wir das so ausdrücken wollen, damals die Vereinigung der niederen Menschennatur mit der menschlichen Seele statt. Diese Menschenseele ruhte bis dahin im Schoße der Gottheit, war ein Glied innerhalb der Gottheit selbst. Oben also, im Reiche des Geistigen, haben wir die göttlich-geistige Wesenheit, unten die bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt herangereiften viergliedrigen Menschenhüllen, die fähig waren, Tropfen dieser Gottheit aufzunehmen. Bildlich können wir uns nun vorstellen, was damals geschah. Denken Sie sich ein Glas mit Wasser, Sie nehmen hundert kleine Schwämmchen und versuchen, nach und nach jedes dieser Schwämmchen mit einem Tropfen aus diesem Wasser anzusaugen, dann haben Sie hundert Tropfen, die vorher mit dem Wasser ganz verbunden waren, verteilt auf hundert Schwämmchen. So können Sie sich bildlich und einfach vorstellen, wie dazumal der Prozeß der Beseelung vor sich ging. Die Seele ruhte bis dahin in der großen allgemeinen göttlichen Wesenheit wie der Tropfen in dem Glase Wasser. So wie diese Schwämmchen wirkten, so wirkten diese physischen Menschenhüllen. Es sonderten sich diese geistigen Tropfen aus der gemeinsamen göttlichen Substanz heraus, sie wurden individualisiert, sie waren als Seelen Tropfen in den Hüllen darin und fingen dazumal an, den Menschen eigentlich zu bilden, wie er jetzt ist, als eine geistig-physische Wesenheit. Dazumal verkörperten sich diese Seelen zum ersten Mal, gingen dann durch viele, viele Verkörperungen hindurch und bildeten ihren Menschenleib aus bis zu seiner heutigen Gestalt. Aber was dazumal geschehen ist, ist die Vereinigung von Teilen der Gottheit mit den niederen Gliedern der Menschennatur. Mit jeder Verkörperung kamen sie weiter, mit jeder Verkörperung wurden sie vollkommener, um in der Zukunft einen gewissen Höhepunkt zu erlangen.
Diesen Teil der höheren Natur, der sich dazumal verbunden hat als eine Kraft, welche die niedere Natur umänderte und sich in dieser Umänderung selbst erhöht, nennen wir den höheren Wesenskern des Menschen: Geistselbst, Lebensgeist und Geistesmensch oder Manas, Buddhi, Atma. Es sind das also die Teile der göttlichen Wesenheit, durch die der Mensch stufenweise die niedere Natur in die höhere allmählich überführt. Durch seine Kraft des Manas gestaltet er den astralischen Leib um, durch die Buddhi den Ätherleib, und durch die Kraft des Atma gestaltet er den physischen Leib um. Sie alle also hat er zu verklären, zu durchgeistigen, um einmal das Ziel seiner Entwickelung zu erlangen. So hatten wir einmal die vier Glieder: physischen Leib, Ätherleib, Astralleib und Ich, und wir haben in jener Zeit dazu erhalten die Keimanlage zur Höherentwickelung, die eigentlich ein Ausfluß der höchsten geistigen Wesenheit ist: die dreifache, höhere Wesenheit des Menschen, den göttlichen Wesenskern, die göttliche Anlage des Menschen. Diesen höheren Teil der menschlichen Natur können wir nun von zwei Gesichtspunkten aus betrachten. Der eine ist der, daß wir sagen: Das ist die höhere Menschennatur, zu der sich der Mensch im Laufe der Entwickelung hinentfaltet. Oder aber wir betrachten ihn als einen Teil der göttlichen Wesenheit, von der er ausgeflossen ist, der göttliche Teil im Menschen. Der Christ betrachtet ihn zunächst im letzteren Sinne, und wir wollen dies nun auch tun und studieren, welcher Art diese höheren Kräfte der menschlichen Natur sind. Wir gehen von dem höchsten Glied aus, von dem, was im Menschen die Kraft des Atma genannt wird.
Was ich Ihnen jetzt schildere, ist nicht etwa irgendeine äußere Definition, sondern ich möchte Ihnen die wirkliche Natur und Wesenheit dieses höheren Teiles der menschlichen Natur charakterisieren. Dasjenige, was zur Kraft des Atma wird, das ist nämlich, insofern es eine Kraft ist, die aus der Gottheit fließt, willensartiger Natur. Wenn Sie sich auf Ihre eigene Willenskraft besinnen, auf das, was in Ihnen wollen kann, dann haben Sie eine schattenhafte Nachbildung, einen schattenhaften Abglanz dessen, was aus der Kraft des Atma, aus der Gottheit ausfließt. Der Wille des Menschen ist heute die Kraft, die noch am wenigsten ausgebildet ist. Der Wille kann sich aber immer weiter und weiter ausbilden, bis eine Zeit kommen wird, da er einmal auf seinem Höhepunkt angelangt ist, dann, wenn dieser Wille fähig sein wird, das zu vollbringen, was man in den Religionen «das große Opfer» nennt.
Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie stünden vor einem Spiegel und schauten hinein. Ihr Bild gleicht Ihnen vollständig in jedem Teile Ihrer Physiognomie, Ihrer Gesten, in allem ist es Ihnen gleich, es ist aber Ihr totes Bild. Sie stehen davor als eine lebendige Wesenheit und haben es mit Ihrem toten Bilde zu tun, das Ihnen in allem gleich ist bis auf die lebendige Wesenheit, bis auf den substantiellen Inhalt. Denken Sie sich einmal, Ihr Wille wäre bis zu dem Punkte gewachsen, daß er imstande wäre, den Entschluß zu fassen, Ihr eigenes Dasein, Ihre eigene Wesenheit aufzugeben und diese abzugeben an Ihr Spiegelbild; Sie wären imstande, sich ganz hinzuopfern, um Ihr Spiegelbild mit Ihrem Leben zu versehen. Von einem solchen Willen sagt man: er emaniert, er strömt sein eigenes Wesen aus. Es ist das die höchste Entfaltung des Willens, das, was das Christentum den «göttlichen Vaterwillen» nennt.
Der menschliche Wille ist also heute unter allen Seelenkräften das am wenigsten ausgebildete Glied. Er ist aber auf dem Wege, sich zu solcher Macht hin zu entfalten, daß er «das große Opfer» zu vollbringen imstande ist. Das ist die wirkliche Natur dessen, was sich als die Kraft des Atma entwickeln kann: willensartige Natur, insofern es ein Ausfluß göttlicher Wesenheit ist.
Nun wollen wir das zweite Glied der höheren menschlichen Natur betrachten, die Buddhi oder den Lebensgeist, unter dem Gesichtspunkt eines Ausflusses von der Gottheit, wie es im Christentum betrachtet worden ist. Sie bekommen am leichtesten einen Begriff davon, wenn Sie sich nun nicht an die Kraft halten, die von sich ausströmt, um das Spiegelbild zu beleben, sondern an das Spiegelbild selbst. In dem Spiegelbild entsteht eine vollständige Wiederholung der ursprünglichen Wesenheit, es ist dasselbe — und doch nicht dasselbe -, wenn Sie das auf die Welt anwenden, auf das ganze Universum: wie der göttliche Weltenwille in einem Punkte nach allen Seiten gespiegelt wird.
Denken Sie gleichsam eine Hohlkugel, die nach innen spiegelt. Der eine Punkt im Inneren wird unendlichfach nach innen gespiegelt. Überall in unendlicher Vermannigfaltigung der göttliche Weltenwille, überall Spiegelbilder, Einzelheiten des Göttlichen.
Betrachten Sie so den Kosmos, das Universum als eine Spiegelung des unendlichen Weltenwillens. In keinem einzelnen Wesen ist der göttliche Weltenwille darin, aber überall spiegelt sich der Weltenwille in der mannigfaltigsten Weise. Die Spiegelung der Gottheit — wobei die Gottheit in dem Punkte bleibt, wo sie ist, und doch jeden Punkt, in dem sie sich spiegelt, durch «das große Opfer» belebt — das nennt man das «Reich» im christlichen Sinne. Und dieser Ausdruck, das Reich, bezeichnet dasselbe, was im Menschen die Buddhi ist. Wenn Sie das Universum in bezug auf das schöpferische, produktive Prinzip betrachten, das aus dem Ursprünglichen, Göttlichen ausfließt, so ist dasjenige, was sich zunächst an das Atma anschließt, sein göttlicher Lebensfunke, die Buddhi. Als «Reich» ist es universell-kosmisch.
Und nun wenden wir den Blick von da herunter auf die Einzelheiten des Reiches. Wir haben es erst als ein Ganzes betrachtet. Jetzt gehen wir zum einzelnen herunter. Wodurch unterscheidet man das eine von dem andern? Durch das, was man im christlichen Sinne den «Namen» nennt. Ein jedes wird benannt, und dadurch unterscheidet man das Mannigfaltige, Einzelne des Reiches untereinander. Der Christ versteht unter dem Namen das, was vielfach die Vorstellung genannt wird, das, was einem Dinge eigen ist. Wie der einzelne Mensch sich von dem andern durch den Namen unterscheidet, so wird der Name so empfunden, daß in ihm zugleich ein Teil der göttlichen gespiegelten Wesenheit liegt. Der Christ verhält sich richtig zu diesem Namen, wenn er sich klar ist, daß ein jedes Glied des Reiches ein Ausfluß des Göttlichen ist, bei jedem Bissen Brot, daß er ein Ausfluß, ein Spiegel und ein Teil der Gottheit ist. Den geringsten Dingen gegenüber soll der Christ sich darüber klar sein. In der menschlichen Natur macht es das individuelle Geistselbst aus, daß er ein einzelner den andern gegenüber wird. Was im Reich der Name ist, das hat der Mensch in dem einzelnen Geistselbst oder Manas dadurch, daß er einen besonderen Teil der Gottheit bildet, einen besonderen Namen für sich hat, den Namen, der sich bei den einzelnen Menschen durch alle Inkarnationen hindurchzieht.
So sehen wir nun diese dreifache Natur vor uns als einen Ausfluß der göttlich-geistigen Wesenheit, und in diesem Sinne ist Atma der Wille der Gottheit, Buddhi oder der Lebensgeist das Reich und Manas oder das Geistselbst der Name.
Nun betrachten wir die vier niederen Teile der menschlichen Natur, von unten anfangend zuerst den physischen Leib. Dieser ist dasjenige, was dieselben Stoffe und Kräfte hat wie die äußere physische Natur, aber auch dieselben Stoffe und Kräfte fortwährend umsetzt. Diese ziehen ein und aus im menschlichen physischen Leib, und nur dadurch ist er da, daß diese Stoffe und Kräfte fortwährend ein- und ausziehen. Er kann nur dadurch bestehen, daß er sich fortwährend erneuert und umsetzt durch die äußeren physischen Stoffe. Er ist ein Ganzes mit der übrigen physischen Natur. So wenig Sie diesen Finger abschneiden können, so daß er bleibt, was er ist — er verdorrt, sobald Sie ihn vom übrigen Körper trennen, er ist das, was er ist, nur dadurch, daß er im ganzen Organismus ist —, ebensowenig können Sie den physischen Menschenleib so von der Erde trennen, daß er bleibt, was er ist. So ist der Mensch nur das, was er im Zusammenhang mit den Elementen der Erde ist. Die physischen Stoffe und Kräfte ziehen aus und ein in ihm, und dadurch ist er dasjenige, wodurch er einzig und allein seine Wesenheit erhalten kann. Damit ist dieser physische Leib charakterisiert.
Das zweite Glied ist der Äther- oder Lebensleib. Bei ihm müssen wir uns klar sein, daß er das ist, was die bloß physischen Stoffe und Kräfte zum Leben aufruft. Er ist der Träger von Wachstum und Fortpflanzung, der Lebenserscheinungen überhaupt, aber auch noch von ganz etwas anderem: von allen denjenigen Eigenschaften des Menschen, welche bleibenderer Natur sind als die vorübergehenden Triebe, Begierden und Leidenschaften. Wodurch unterscheidet er sich von diesen? Wenn Sie diesen Unterschied fassen wollen, dann denken Sie einmal nach, zurück bis zu der Zeit, da Sie acht Jahre alt waren. Denken Sie daran, was Sie seitdem alles gelernt haben, mit wieviel Begriffen und Vorstellungen, Erlebnissen und Erfahrungen Sie Ihre Seele bereichert haben — es ist ungeheuer viel. Aber nun denken Sie über etwas anderes nach: Wie langsam, im Schneckengang, etwas anderes geht. Denken Sie daran, wie Sie ein jähzorniges Kind waren, und sagen Sie, ob dieser Zorn jetzt nicht noch manchmal durchdringt, wie Ihre Neigungen oder Ihr Temperament zum großen Teile dieselben geblieben sind. Das alles hat sich nicht so viel geändert wie Ihre Erlebnisse. Was man lernt, erlebt, erfährt, das kann man vergleichen mit dem Minutenzeiger der Uhr, und die Änderungen in bezug auf Charakter, Temperament und Gewohnheit mit dem Stundenzeiger der Uhr. Diese Verschiedenheit ist vorhanden, weil der ersteren Träger der Astralleib ist, während diese andern, die so langsam gehen, den Ätherleib zum Träger haben. Wenn sich Ihre Gewohnheiten ändern, so ist das eine Veränderung in Ihrem Ätherleibe. Haben Sie nur dieses oder jenes gelernt, so bedeutet das eine Veränderung im Astralleib.
Bei dem, der im höheren Sinne ein Schüler des eigentlichen Okkultismus wird, beruht diese Schulung nicht auf äußerem Lernen, sondern alle geheimwissenschaftliche Schulung geht im Ätherleib vor sich. Daher haben Sie für die eigentliche okkulte Ausbildung mehr getan, wenn es Ihnen gelungen ist, nur irgendeine festgewurzelte Charaktereigenschaft umzubilden, als wenn Sie noch soviel außeres Wissen sich angeeignet hätten. Demnach unterscheidet man exoterisch, wofür der Ätherleib Träger ist, und esoterisch, was der Ätherleib braucht. Der Ätherleib ist auch der Träger des Gedächtnisses als Eigenschaft, nicht der Erinnerung. Wenn das Gedächtnis zum Beispiel schärfer werden soll, so ist damit eine Umänderung des Ätherleibes verknüpft, oder schwindet es, so ist das im Ätherleib eine Änderung, eine Änderung der Gedächtniskraft. Noch etwas, das uns unendlich wichtig ist: Der Mensch lebt, so wie er jetzt ist, nach zwei Richtungen hin. Jeder gehört einer Familie, einem Stamm, Volk und so weiter an, und es sind auch gewisse Eigenschaften, die er mit den andern gemeinschaftlich hat und die ihn zu jenem Zusammenhang verbinden. Der Franzose hat andere als der Deutsche, dieser wiederum andere als der Engländer und so fort. Sie haben alle gewisse Stammeseigenschaften gemeinsam. Daneben hat aber jeder wieder seine eigenen, individuellen Eigenschaften, wodurch er herauswächst aus seinem Volk, wodurch er dieser besondere Mensch wird. Man ist ein Angehöriger einer Gemeinschaft wegen gewisser Eigenschaften des Ätherleibes. Der Ätherleib hat die Eigenschaften, durch die man einem Volk, einer Rasse, überhaupt der menschlichen Gemeinschaft angehört. Wollen Sie aber das erfassen, wodurch Sie herauswachsen aus dieser Gemeinschaft, so ist das im Astralleib zu suchen. Dieser bedingt das Individuelle im Menschen.
Daher hängt alles Leben eines Menschen in der Gemeinschaft davon ab, daß sein Ätherleib den richtigen Ausgleich findet mit den Ätherleibern derer, mit denen er zusammenleben muß. Findet er diesen nicht, so kann er nicht mit ihnen zusammenleben, es geht schief, er fällt heraus. So daß also dieser Ätherleib des Menschen die Aufgabe hat, sich den andern Ätherleibern anzupassen. Der astralische Leib bedingt das Individuelle, er hat vor allen Dingen so zu leben, daß der Mensch nicht persönliche Sünden begeht. Das, wodurch der Astralleib da- oder dorthin abirrt, sind die persönlichen Sünden, sind Verfehlungen des astralischen Leibes. Die Disharmonie mit der Gemeinschaft, das sind Verfehlungen des Ätherleibes. Die christliche Esoterik nannte nun, wenn sie genau sprach, die Verfehlungen des Ätherleibes «Schuld», das, was das Gleichgewicht mit den andern stört. Eine Verfehlung des Astralleibes, die durch die Individualität bedingt ist, hieß in der christlichen Esoterik ein «Unterliegen der Versuchung». Der Astralleib unterliegt in bezug auf seine Triebe, Leidenschaften und Begierden der Versuchung. Dadurch irrt er ab, daß er in sich selbst der Versuchung verfällt. So unterschied man in der christlichen Esoterik «Schuld» und ein «Unterliegen der Versuchung».
Nun noch das vierte Glied der menschlichen Wesenheit: das Ich. Wir hatten den physischen Leib, der durch den Stoffwechsel besteht, den Ätherleib, der behaftet sein kann mit Schuld, den Astralleib, der der Versuchung erliegen kann. Nun das Ich. Es ist der Urgrund der Selbstsucht, des Egoismus. Das Ich, das ist dasjenige, das bewirkt hat, daß das, was Eins war in dem großen göttlich-geistigen Wesen, in die vielen eingezogen ist. Der Abfall aus der Einheit des Göttlichen in die einzelnen hinein ist durch das Ich bedingt. Deshalb sah das christliche Wissen in dem Ich den eigentlichen Ursprung des Egoismus und der Selbstsucht. Solange die einzelnen Wesenheiten in der Gottheit vereint waren, konnten sie nicht gegeneinander streben. Dies konnten sie erst in der Absonderung als Iche. Vorher konnten sie nur das wollen, was die Gottheit wollte. Dieses Gegeneinander-sich-Entwickeln, das dem Egoismus entspricht, das nennt das Christentum die Verfehlung des Ich, und die christliche Überlieferung bezeichnet den Zeitpunkt sehr genau, wo diese Seele heruntersteigt in den Leib durch den Sündenfall, durch den Apfelbiß. Die eigentliche Verfehlung des Ich bezeichnet man mit dem Ausdruck «Übel». Die Verfehlung des vierten Gliedes ist also das Übel. Dem Übel verfallen kann also nur das Ich, und dies entstand durch das, was mit dem Apfelbiß bezeichnet wird. Malum ist ja im Lateinischen dasselbe Wort für Apfel und Übel.
Also nochmals kurz zusammengefaßt: Der physische Leib ist gleich mit den physischen Elementen rings um sich und erhalt sich durch den fortwährenden Wechsel der Stoffe und Kräfte, Stoffwechsel. Der Ätherleib ist das, was das Gleichgewicht hält mit den andern Gliedern der Gemeinschaft und das der Schuld verfallen kann. Der astralische Leib, der nicht der Versuchung erliegen soll, und das Ich, das nicht dem Egoismus zum Opfer fallen darf, dem Übel.
Diese viergliedrige Wesenheit schließt sich zusammen mit der dreigliedrigen höheren, dem göttlichen Wesenskern:
Nun fassen Sie einmal das Gebet auf als eine Verbindung des Menschen im stillen Kämmerlein mit der Gottheit selbst. Im Ursinne des Christentums ist es eben so, daß die Seele als göttlich dargestellt wird, als Tropfen vom Meere der Gottheit. Und diese Seele muß erflehen, daß dieser abgesonderte Tropfen wiederum zu seinem Ursprunge hinkommt. Diesen Ursprung der göttlichen Wesenheit des Menschen bezeichnet man mit dem Vater-Namen. Und das, wonach die Seele strebt, wo sie wieder vereinigt sein wird mit dem, was man mit dem Vater-Namen bezeichnet, ist das Devachan oder der Himmel.
Und nun denken wir uns das Urgebet: Eine Anrufung des Hinganges des einzelnen menschlichen Wesens zu dem, was die göttliche Vaternatur ist.
Dieses Gebet mußte erflehen, daß die drei höheren Glieder der Menschennatur zur Entwickelung kommen mögen, bitten, daß der «Wille», der der höchste Ausfluß des Göttlichen ist, im Menschen sich verwirklichen möge; daß das zweite Glied der göttlichen Wesenheit, das «Reich», im Menschen Platz greifen soll; daß das dritte Glied, der «Name», als heilig empfunden werden solle. Es würde sich dies also beziehen auf die drei höheren Glieder der göttlichen Wesenheit im Menschen. Und für die vier niederen Glieder der menschlichen Natur würde man bitten: Es mögen meinem physischen Leibe zukommen die Stoffe, die er braucht zu seinem Unterhalt. Der Ätherleib möge einen Ausgleich finden zwischen seiner Schuld und der Schuld der andern, er möchte in Harmonie mit den andern zusammenleben. Das Gebet müßte erflehen, daß für den astralischen Leib keine Versuchung ihn herunterziehe, und für das Ich, daß es nicht dem Übel, dem eigentlichen Ausfluß dessen, was man Egoismus nennt, verfallt.
Ihr sollt Eure Vereinigung mit dem Vater in einem Urgebete erflehen. Ihr sollt das in dem Sinne tun, daß die einzelnen Glieder Eurer siebengliedrigen Wesenheit in Eurem Gebete Euch vor der Seele stehen:
«Vater unser in den Himmeln. Erst ruft Ihr den Vater an, dann bringet die Bitten, die sich auf die drei höheren Glieder beziehen:
«Geheiligt werde dein Name, zu uns komme dein Reich.»
«Dein Wille geschehe, wie im Himmel also auch auf Erden.»
Dann die vier Bitten, die sich auf die vier übrigen Glieder der menschlichen Natur beziehen:
«Gib uns heute unser täglich Brot.»
«Vergib uns unsere Schulden, wie auch wir vergeben unseren Schuldigern.»
Das ist der Ausgleich mit denjenigen, unter denen wir leben.
«Führe uns nicht in Versuchung»: Unser astralischer Leib.
«Sondern erlöse uns von dem Übel»: das heißt: von jeglichem Ausfluß des Egoismus.
So haben Sie in den sieben Bitten des Vaterunser den Sinn der Entwickelung der siebengliedrigen Menschennatur gegeben. Aus der Tiefe der Weisheit über den Menschen heraus ist das Vaterunser als ein christliches Gebet den Christen gegeben, und die ganze theosophische Weisheit über den Menschen liegt im Vaterunser darin. Man braucht es nur zu verstehen, und man hat die ganze theosophische Weisheit, insofern sie sich auf den Menschen bezieht.
Diejenigen Gebete, die nicht nur kurz wirken, sondern die durch Jahrtausende hindurch die Seelen ergreifen und die Herzen erheben, sind alle aus der tiefsten Weisheit geschöpft. Niemals ist ein solches Gebet so gegeben worden, daß man in beliebiger Weise schöne oder erhabene Worte zusammengestellt hat, sondern man hat sie aus der tiefsten Weisheit heraus genommen, weil sie nur so die Kraft haben, über die Jahrtausende hinüber zu wirken auf die Seele der Menschen.
Nicht gilt der Einwand, daß ja die naive Seele nichts weiß von dieser Weisheit. Sie braucht nichts zu wissen, denn die Kraft, die das Vaterunser hat, kommt doch aus dieser Weisheit, und sie wirkt, auch wenn man nichts davon weiß.
Man muß es nur in der richtigen Weise verstehen: Ein Mensch geht hin vor eine Pflanze und ist entzückt davon. Auch das naivste Gemüt wird entzückt sein und weiß doch vielleicht nichts von der göttlichen Weisheit, die in der Pflanze ist. Ebenso ist es mit den großen Gebeten. Man braucht ebensowenig die Weisheit zu kennen, und ein solches Gebet hat doch die Kraft, die Weisheit, die Erhebung, die Heiligkeit des Gebetes. Ist es auch herausgeboren aus der höchsten Weisheit, so kommt es doch nicht darauf an, diese Weisheit zu wissen, sondern darauf, die Kraft der Weisheit zu erleben.
Erst in unserer Zeit ist die Möglichkeit vorhanden, wiederum das herauszuholen, was Christus Jesus hineingelegt hat in das Gebet, und wiederum das zu wissen, was er als Kraft hineingelegt hat besonders in das Vaterunser. Weil es aus den größten Tiefen der Weisheit über den Menschen selbst herausgeschöpft ist, über seine siebengliedrige Natur, deshalb ist es groß und gewaltig auch für das naivste Gemüt, und erst recht wiederum erhebend für einen, der auch die Weisheit herausschöpfen kann, die darinnen ist. Und nichts verliert es dabei von der Macht, die es immer ausgeübt hat, erschütternd und erhebend, wie die ganze Theosophie, die göttliche Weisheit, in dem Vaterunser darinnen ruht.
Der Menge sagte der Herr vieles in Gleichnissen. Wenn er aber mit seinen Jüngern allein war, legte er sie ihnen aus, denn sie sollten aus der weisheitsvollen Erklärung der Gleichnisse jene Kraft schöpfen, durch die sie seine Boten werden konnten, durch die sie wissen konnten, wodurch er selbst jene Zauberkraft erlangt hat, wodurch sein Werk über die Jahrtausende hin zu wirken berufen war.
Das ist dasjenige, was in den Sinn des Vaterunsers hineinführen sollte.
The Lord's Prayer
In all the prayer-like formulas and other words of wisdom and the like that have been handed down to us from the great religions, there is much of the deep mystery of existence. We must only be clear that all the different religions had prayer, although they differed in a certain way, in that some had prayer more in the form of so-called meditation, while Christianity and some other religions had actual, real prayer, as it is known by that name today. Meditation is found primarily in the Eastern religions. Meditation is an immersion in spiritual content, in such a way that the person concerned finds a union with the spiritual-divine source of the world in this spiritual content into which they immerse themselves. So understand this correctly: there are religions that give their members meditation formulas, for example, certain prayer-like formulas into which one immerses oneself and in whose immersion one feels how the stream of divine spiritual life flows through the soul, and in these moments the human being is absorbed into the divine source of the spiritual. However, these formulas are more like thoughts. Basically, Christian prayer is no different, except that its content is more sensory and emotional. Christians immerse themselves more in the divine essence that flows through the world by way of sensation and feeling.
However, one must not believe that Christian prayer has always been understood in this sense, or that it can even be understood in this way, as is often the case today. There is a primal Christian prayer in which Christ Jesus himself pointed out as clearly as possible what mood is necessary for Christians in prayer. And this original prayer is simply this: “Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from me, yet not my will but yours be done.” Let us consider these last words. We are dealing first of all with a real request: that the cup may pass, but at the same time with a complete surrender to the will of the divine spirit: “Not my will, but yours be done.” This mood, in which one allows the will of the divine spirit to work through oneself during prayer, is expressed in wanting nothing for oneself, but allowing the divinity to want within oneself. This mood must permeate prayer as an undercurrent, a fundamental tone, if it is to be Christian.
It is clear how impossible it is to have a selfish prayer in this way. It is also impossible for other reasons to send a selfish prayer to God, because one person would ask for rain, the neighbor for sunshine, both would ask out of their own selfishness, not to mention the case where two armies stand ready for battle opposite each other, and each asks that victory be granted to them, which is of course completely out of the question. But if one has the underlying tone, the basic tone, “not my will, but yours be done,” then one can ask for anything, then one merges with the divine-spiritual will. I would like to ask for this, but I leave it up to the divine-spiritual being to decide whether it should be granted to me or not.
This is the basic mood of Christian prayer, and from this point of view came the most comprehensive, most universal prayer in Christian tradition: the Lord's Prayer, which according to Christian tradition was taught by Christ Jesus himself. This is indeed one of the most profound prayers in the world. Today, we can no longer appreciate the full depth of the Lord's Prayer as it was in the original language in which it was taught. But the content of its message is so powerful that it cannot be diminished in any way by any language.
If you look at the prayers of other peoples, you will find that wherever religions are in their prime, have reached their peak, there are prayers in the sense that has been described to you. However, when the various religions declined, such prayers took on a less correct character: they became magic formulas, means of idolatry, and at the time when Christ Jesus taught his followers to pray, many, many such magic formulas—all of which had a profound meaning where they originated—were in use. Such magic formulas always referred to what one desired externally, that is, to selfish requests filled with personal desires. Christians should not pray in this way, the Lord taught. This is a prayer that refers to external things. Christians should pray in the quiet of their own room, which is the innermost part of the human soul, the part where human beings can connect with the divine spiritual essence. We must be clear that there is something living in every human being that we can describe as a drop from the sea of the divine, that there is something in every human being that is equal to God. But it would be quite wrong to think that this means that human beings themselves are equal to God. When we say that there is something in human beings that is equal to God, this does not mean that human beings themselves are equal to God, for a drop from the sea is equal to the sea in terms of its substance, but the drop is not the sea. In the same way, the human soul is a drop from the sea of divinity, but it is not God, and just as the drop can unite with its own substance when you pour it into the sea, so the soul, as a drop of the Godhead, unites spiritually with its God in prayer or meditation. This union of the soul with its God is called Christ Jesus, praying in the quiet chamber.
Now that we have characterized the spirit of Christian prayer and the demands of this prayer in relation to the Christian, human spirit, we can now turn our attention to the content of the Lord's Prayer itself. You have been told that the Lord's Prayer is the most comprehensive prayer. Therefore, you will agree with me that in order to understand the Lord's Prayer, we must first take a very comprehensive view of the world. A long detour will be necessary to comprehend the Lord's Prayer. We must consider the nature of human beings from a certain point of view. You know that we do this in the same way that spiritual research has always considered it for thousands of years. Let us quickly remind ourselves of this once again.
When a human being stands before us, we first see the physical body, which in its substance and forces is common to all minerals and seemingly lifeless natural products. However, this physical body of the human being is not, as the materialistic mind might think, the only thing in the space before us; rather, it is only the lowest of the members of the human being. The next member we distinguish is the etheric body or life body of the human being, which he shares with plants and animals, for every plant, every animal, and every human being must call upon chemical and physical substances to come to life; they cannot give themselves life by themselves. The third member is the astral body, the bearer of pleasure and pain, drives, desires, and passions, and the ordinary ideas of daily life. Human beings could not have any of this if they did not have this astral body. They share this only with animals. Animals also have pleasure and pain, drives, desires, and passions, and therefore also have this body. Humans therefore share the physical body with seemingly lifeless minerals, the etheric or life body with everything that grows and reproduces, with the entire plant kingdom; they share the astral body with animal nature. In addition, they have something that takes them beyond these three natural kingdoms of the earth, making them the crown of earthly creation. This is the fourth member of their being.
We come to this conclusion when we give it a little thought. There is one name that differs from all the others: you cannot say “I” to anyone else. For everyone else, I am a “you,” and everyone else is a “you” to me. “I” can only resound as a name for what it means within the soul itself; it can never come to you from outside when it means you yourself. The deeper religions have always felt this at all times, and therefore they said: When the soul begins to give itself this self-designation within, then the God in man begins to speak, the God who speaks through the soul. The name “I” cannot sound from outside, it must sound within the soul itself. This is the fourth member of the human being.
Hebrew esoteric science has called this I the unpronounceable name of God. ‘Yahweh’ means nothing other than “I am.” Whatever interpretations external science may give, in truth it means “I am” — the fourth member of the human being. These are the four members of which the human being is initially composed. We also call them the four members of the so-called lower nature of the human being.
Now, in order to understand the whole being of the human being, you must go back a little further in human development. This brings us back to the many peoples who preceded us: the ancient Germanic and Central European development, the Greek-Latin and Chaldean peoples, the Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, and Hebrews, the Persian peoples, down to the people from whom our present culture originated: the Indian people. This people, in turn, also had ancestors who lived elsewhere, namely on that part of the earth that is now the seabed between Europe and America, in Atlantis. This was washed away by powerful floods, and the land sank as a result of a violent natural event that has been preserved in the myths and legends of all peoples as the Flood.
But even this is not the oldest cultivated land on earth. Long ago, we return to the area where humans in their present form originated, a land that lay approximately between present-day Hinterindien, Australia, and Africa: ancient Lemuria, an ancient land where conditions were very different from those on earth today. Usually, we imagine far too little how great and comprehensive the changes on Earth were in the course of human development itself. Now we come to a point in time when the lower nature of man already existed. At that time, beings consisting of these four members walked on this Earth: the physical body, the etheric body, the astral body, and the ego nature. These beings were more highly organized than the highest animals of today, but they were not yet human beings: they were animal-humans, but not like the animals of today. The latter are degenerate descendants who developed from these animal-humans through backwardness and degeneration. Something very special happened to these beings who lived at that time.
At that time, they were ready to take on a certain power within themselves, a power that is our higher soul power. If we want to put it that way, the union of lower human nature with the human soul took place at that time. Until then, this human soul rested in the bosom of the Godhead, was a member within the Godhead itself. Above, in the realm of the spiritual, we have the divine-spiritual being; below, the four-part human shells that had matured to this point and were capable of absorbing drops of this divinity. We can now imagine what happened at that time. Imagine a glass of water. You take a hundred small sponges and try to gradually soak up each of these sponges with a drop of this water. Then you have a hundred drops, which were previously completely connected with the water, distributed among a hundred sponges. In this way, you can easily imagine how the process of ensoulment took place at that time. Until then, the soul rested in the great universal divine being like the drop in the glass of water. Just as these little sponges worked, so did these physical human shells. These spiritual drops separated themselves from the common divine substance, they became individualized, they were as souls drops in the shells within them and began at that time to actually form the human being as he is now, as a spiritual-physical being. At that time, these souls incarnated for the first time, then went through many, many incarnations and formed their human body into its present form. But what happened at that time was the union of parts of the Godhead with the lower members of human nature. With each incarnation they progressed, with each incarnation they became more perfect, in order to reach a certain climax in the future.
We call this part of the higher nature, which united at that time as a force that transformed the lower nature and elevated itself in this transformation, the higher essence of the human being: spirit self, life spirit, and spirit man, or manas, buddhi, and atma. These are the parts of the divine essence through which human beings gradually transform the lower nature into the higher. Through the power of Manas, they transform the astral body; through Buddhi, the etheric body; and through the power of Atma, the physical body. They must transform all of these in order to attain the goal of their development. So we once had the four members: physical body, etheric body, astral body, and I, and at that time we received the seed for higher development, which is actually an outflow of the highest spiritual being: the threefold, higher being of the human being, the divine core of the human being, the divine disposition of the human being. We can now consider this higher part of human nature from two points of view. One is that we say: this is the higher human nature to which human beings unfold in the course of their development. Or we can consider it as a part of the divine being from which it has flowed forth, the divine part in human beings. Christians initially view it in the latter sense, and we will now do the same and study the nature of these higher forces of human nature. We will start with the highest member, with what is called the power of the Atma in human beings.
What I am now describing to you is not some external definition, but rather I would like to characterize for you the real nature and essence of this higher part of human nature. That which becomes the power of the Atma is, insofar as it is a power that flows from the Godhead, of a volitional nature. If you reflect on your own willpower, on what you are capable of wanting within yourself, then you have a shadowy replica, a shadowy reflection of what flows from the power of the Atma, from the Godhead. The will of man today is the power that is least developed. But the will can continue to develop further and further until a time comes when it reaches its peak, when this will is capable of accomplishing what is called “the great sacrifice” in religions.
Imagine you are standing in front of a mirror and looking into it. Your image resembles you completely in every part of your physiognomy, your gestures, in everything it is the same as you, but it is your dead image. You stand in front of it as a living being and are dealing with your dead image, which is the same as you in everything except for the living being, except for the substantial content. Imagine that your will had grown to such an extent that it was capable of making the decision to give up your own existence, your own being, and to hand it over to your mirror image; you would be capable of sacrificing yourself completely in order to give your mirror image your life. Such a will is said to emanate, to radiate its own essence. This is the highest development of the will, what Christianity calls the “divine Father's will.”
The human will is therefore today the least developed member of all the soul forces. But it is on the way to developing such power that it is capable of performing “the great sacrifice.” This is the real nature of what can develop as the power of the Atma: a will-like nature, insofar as it is an effusion of divine essence.
Now let us consider the second member of higher human nature, the Buddhi or life spirit, from the point of view of an emanation from the deity, as it has been regarded in Christianity. You will most easily grasp this concept if you focus not on the power that emanates from itself to enliven the reflection, but on the reflection itself. In the mirror image, a complete repetition of the original essence arises; it is the same — and yet not the same — when you apply this to the world, to the entire universe: how the divine will of the world is reflected in all directions from a single point.
Imagine, as it were, a hollow sphere that reflects inward. The one point inside is reflected inwardly an infinite number of times. Everywhere, in infinite multiplicity, is the divine will of the world, everywhere mirror images, details of the divine.
Consider the cosmos, the universe, as a reflection of the infinite will of the world. The divine world will is not in any single being, but everywhere the world will is reflected in the most manifold ways. The reflection of the deity — whereby the deity remains in the point where it is, and yet enlivens every point in which it is reflected through “the great sacrifice” — this is called the “kingdom” in the Christian sense. And this expression, the kingdom, denotes the same thing that is the Buddhi in man. If you consider the universe in relation to the creative, productive principle that flows out of the original, divine, then what first connects to the Atma is its divine spark of life, the Buddhi. As a “kingdom,” it is universal-cosmic.
And now let us turn our gaze from there down to the details of the kingdom. We have first considered it as a whole. Now we go down to the individual. How does one distinguish one from the other? By what is called the “name” in the Christian sense. Each is named, and by this means the manifold, individual elements of the kingdom are distinguished from one another. Christians understand the name to be what is often called the concept, that which is peculiar to a thing. Just as individual human beings are distinguished from one another by their names, so the name is perceived as containing within it a part of the divine essence reflected in it. Christians behave correctly toward this name when they are clear that every member of the kingdom is an emanation of the divine, that with every bite of bread, they are an emanation, a mirror, and a part of the deity. Christians should be clear about this even in relation to the smallest things. In human nature, it is the individual spirit self that makes one person distinct from another. What the name is in the kingdom, man has in the individual spirit self or manas, in that he forms a special part of the divinity and has a special name for himself, the name that runs through all incarnations of the individual human being.
So we now see this threefold nature before us as an outflow of the divine-spiritual being, and in this sense Atma is the will of the Godhead, Buddhi or the life spirit is the realm, and Manas or the spirit self is the name.
Now let us consider the four lower parts of human nature, starting from the bottom, first the physical body. This is that which has the same substances and forces as external physical nature, but also continuously transforms these same substances and forces. These flow in and out of the human physical body, and it is only through the continuous flow of these substances and forces that it exists. It can only exist by constantly renewing and transforming itself through external physical substances. It is one with the rest of physical nature. Just as you cannot cut off this finger and expect it to remain what it is — it withers as soon as you separate it from the rest of the body — it is what it is only because it is part of the whole organism — just as you cannot separate the physical human body from the earth in such a way that it remains what it is. Thus, the human being is only what he is in connection with the elements of the earth. Physical substances and forces flow in and out of him, and through this he is that which alone can sustain his being. This characterizes the physical body.
The second member is the etheric or life body. We must be clear that this is what brings the purely physical substances and forces to life. It is the bearer of growth and reproduction, of life phenomena in general, but also of something else entirely: of all those qualities of human beings that are of a more lasting nature than the transient drives, desires, and passions. How does it differ from these? If you want to grasp this difference, think back to when you were eight years old. Think of all you have learned since then, how many concepts and ideas, experiences and lessons you have enriched your soul with — it is an enormous amount. But now think about something else: how slowly, at a snail's pace, something else progresses. Think about how you were a quick-tempered child, and tell me whether this anger still sometimes comes through, how your inclinations or your temperament have remained largely the same. All this has not changed as much as your experiences. What one learns, experiences, and discovers can be compared to the minute hand of a clock, and the changes in character, temperament, and habits to the hour hand of a clock. This difference exists because the former is carried by the astral body, while the latter, which moves so slowly, is carried by the etheric body. When your habits change, it is a change in your etheric body. If you have only learned this or that, it means a change in the astral body.
For those who become students of true occultism in the higher sense, this training is not based on external learning, but all esoteric training takes place in the etheric body. Therefore, you have done more for your actual occult training if you have succeeded in transforming even one deeply rooted character trait than if you have acquired a great deal of external knowledge. Accordingly, a distinction is made between the exoteric, which the etheric body carries, and the esoteric, which the etheric body needs. The etheric body is also the carrier of memory as a quality, not of recollection. If, for example, the memory is to become sharper, this is linked to a change in the etheric body, or if it fades, this is a change in the etheric body, a change in the power of memory. Another thing that is infinitely important to us: human beings live, as they are now, in two directions. Everyone belongs to a family, a tribe, a people, and so on, and there are also certain characteristics that they share with others and that connect them to that community. The French have different characteristics than the Germans, who in turn have different characteristics than the English, and so on. They all have certain tribal characteristics in common. But in addition, each person has their own individual characteristics, which make them stand out from their people and make them a special person. People belong to a community because of certain characteristics of the etheric body. The etheric body has the characteristics that make people belong to a people, a race, or indeed the human community. But if you want to understand what makes you stand out from this community, you have to look to the astral body. This determines what is individual in human beings.
Therefore, a person's entire life in the community depends on their etheric body finding the right balance with the etheric bodies of those with whom they have to live. If they do not find this balance, they cannot live together with them, things go wrong, and they fall out. So the etheric body of the human being has the task of adapting to the other etheric bodies. The astral body determines the individual; above all, it must live in such a way that the human being does not commit personal sins. What causes the astral body to stray here or there are personal sins, transgressions of the astral body. Disharmony with the community are transgressions of the etheric body. Christian esotericism, when speaking precisely, called the transgressions of the etheric body “guilt,” that which disturbs the balance with others. A transgression of the astral body caused by individuality was called “succumbing to temptation” in Christian esotericism. The astral body succumbs to temptation in relation to its instincts, passions, and desires. It strays by succumbing to temptation within itself. Thus, in Christian esotericism, a distinction was made between “guilt” and “succumbing to temptation.”
Now for the fourth member of the human being: the I. We had the physical body, which consists of metabolism, the etheric body, which can be afflicted with guilt, and the astral body, which can succumb to temptation. Now the I. It is the source of selfishness, of egoism. The I is that which has caused what was one in the great divine-spiritual being to move into the many. The fall from the unity of the divine into the individual is caused by the ego. That is why Christian knowledge saw the ego as the actual origin of egoism and selfishness. As long as the individual beings were united in the Godhead, they could not strive against each other. They could only do this in separation as egos. Before that, they could only want what the Godhead wanted. Christianity calls this development against one another, which corresponds to egoism, the transgression of the ego, and Christian tradition describes very precisely the moment when this soul descends into the body through the Fall, through the bite of the apple. The actual transgression of the ego is referred to as “evil.” The transgression of the fourth member is therefore evil. Only the ego can fall prey to evil, and this arose through what is referred to as the bite of the apple. Malum is the same word in Latin for apple and evil.
The physical body is identical with the physical elements around it and maintains itself through the constant exchange of substances and forces, metabolism. The etheric body is what maintains balance with the other members of the community and can fall prey to guilt. The astral body, which should not succumb to temptation, and the ego, which must not fall victim to egoism, to evil.
This fourfold being joins together with the threefold higher, divine core of being:
Now consider prayer as a connection between the human being in the quiet chamber and the deity itself. In the original sense of Christianity, the soul is represented as divine, as a drop from the sea of the deity. And this soul must implore that this separated drop return to its origin. This origin of the divine essence of man is referred to by the name of the Father. And what the soul strives for, where it will be reunited with what is designated by the Father's name, is Devachan or heaven.
And now let us imagine the original prayer: an invocation of the individual human being's passing away to what is the divine Father nature.
This prayer had to implore that the three higher members of human nature might develop, ask that the “will,” which is the highest outflow of the divine, might be realized in human beings; that the second member of the divine essence, the “kingdom,” might take root in human beings; that the third member, the “Name,” should be felt as holy. This would therefore refer to the three higher members of the divine essence in man. And for the four lower members of human nature, one would ask: May my physical body receive the substances it needs for its sustenance. May the etheric body find a balance between its guilt and the guilt of others; may it live in harmony with others. The prayer should implore that no temptation drag down the astral body, and that the ego not fall prey to evil, the actual outflow of what is called selfishness.
You should implore your union with the Father in a primal prayer. You should do this in the sense that the individual members of your sevenfold being stand before your soul in your prayer:
“Our Father in heaven. First invoke the Father, then bring forth the petitions that relate to the three higher members:
”Hallowed be thy name, thy kingdom come.“
”Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven."
Then the four petitions relating to the four remaining members of human nature:
“Give us this day our daily bread.”
“Forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.”
This is the balance with those among whom we live.
“Lead us not into temptation”: our astral body.
“But deliver us from evil”: that is, from every outflow of egoism.
Thus, in the seven petitions of the Lord's Prayer, you have given the meaning of the development of the sevenfold human nature. From the depths of wisdom about human beings, the Lord's Prayer has been given to Christians as a Christian prayer, and all theosophical wisdom about human beings lies in the Lord's Prayer. One need only understand it, and one has all theosophical wisdom as it relates to man.
Those prayers that not only have a short-term effect, but which have touched souls and lifted hearts for thousands of years, are all drawn from the deepest wisdom. Such prayers have never been composed by randomly putting together beautiful or sublime words, but have been drawn from the deepest wisdom, because only then do they have the power to affect the souls of human beings over the millennia.
The objection that the naive soul knows nothing of this wisdom does not apply. It needs to know nothing, because the power of the Lord's Prayer comes from this wisdom, and it works even if one knows nothing about it.
One must only understand it in the right way: a person goes up to a plant and is enchanted by it. Even the most naive mind will be delighted, yet perhaps know nothing of the divine wisdom that is in the plant. It is the same with the great prayers. One does not need to know the wisdom, and yet such a prayer has the power, the wisdom, the elevation, the holiness of prayer. Even if it is born of the highest wisdom, it is not important to know this wisdom, but to experience the power of wisdom.
Only in our time is it possible to bring out again what Christ Jesus put into prayer, and to know again what he put into it as power, especially in the Lord's Prayer. Because it is drawn from the greatest depths of wisdom about human beings themselves, about their sevenfold nature, it is great and powerful even for the most naive mind, and all the more uplifting for those who can also draw out the wisdom that is within it. And it loses none of the power it has always exerted, shaking and uplifting, like the whole of theosophy, divine wisdom, which rests in the Lord's Prayer.
The Lord told the crowd many things in parables. But when he was alone with his disciples, he explained them to them, for they were to draw from the wise explanation of the parables the power that would enable them to become his messengers, through which they could know how he himself had attained that magical power, through which his work was called upon to have an effect over the millennia.This is what should be understood in the meaning of the Lord's Prayer.