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Community Life, Inner Development, Sexuality and the Spiritual Teacher
GA 253

Resolving the Case

In meetings on August 25 and 26, 1915, between the Vorstand and the members of the Society, meetings Rudolf and Marie Steiner did not attend, the decision was made to no longer recognize Heinrich and Gertrud Goesch and Alice Sprengel as members of the Society. As a result of these meetings, the following resolution was sent to Marie Steiner:

Dornach
August 27, 1915

Dear Madam:

The Vorstand has presented you with the unanimous request of the assembled members that you be so kind as to retain the office you currently hold within the Anthroposophical Society.

As members, we wish to heartily confirm this oral communication with our signatures.

With deepest respect and thanks for the blessings bestowed on the Society through your work, we are

Devotedly yours,
(ca. 300 signatures)


The series of seven lectures included in this volume on the conditions necessary for the survival of the Anthroposophical Society began on September 10. On September 11, on the basis of discussions among members that had taken place in the meantime—discussions in which Rudolf and Marie Steiner had not taken part—a meeting of the Vorstand was held. It was decided to produce a thorough documentation of the Goesch/Sprengel case for the membership and to postpone the implementation of their expulsion until this document had been completed. On the next day (September 12), a members' meeting was held in place of a General Assembly, since members from other countries were unable to attend due to the war. No transcript exists of this meeting, which was intended to confirm the resolutions of the Vorstand; from the few brief notes available, it seems that Rudolf Steiner did take part in this meeting.

In the course of the days that followed, the document that had been resolved upon was written up; it ran to twenty typed pages. It recounted explicitly the contents of the letter from Heinrich and Gertrud Goesch and included character descriptions of the three people in question as well as a statement that Rudolf and Marie Steiner had not been involved in the decision to expel them from the Society. All significant portions of this document have been taken into account in preparing the documentation included in this volume; in some cases the present reproduction of relevant documents is more complete. It is to be assumed, although it has not been proved, that this document was enclosed with the following letter sent to Heinrich and Gertrud Goesch and Alice Sprengel by the Vorstand of the Anthroposophical Society on September 23:

Due to the fact that you have taken a position that does not lie within the goals and premises of the Anthroposophical Society, the Vorstand of said Society is compelled to revoke your membership.

Michael Bauer for the Vorstand of the Anthroposophical Society Dornach, September 23, 1915

On the following day, September 24, 1915, the women's meeting that had been proposed on September 17 took place. Its purpose was to talk about the position of women in ancient and modern esoteric movements, on the basis of what Rudolf Steiner had presented in his lecture on September 15. Marie Steiner had been asked to chair the meeting. According to handwritten notes she supplied, she spoke as follows:

Address at the Women's Meeting Dornach, September 24, 1915

A number of female members who proposed today's meeting asked me to take the chair. In spite of the fact that I have scarcely had time to collect myself in the past few weeks, I will be glad to fill this role if that is also the wish of the rest of those present.

Not many written contributions were received beforehand. We will go through them in the order in which they were received. I will begin by reading the proposal that led to our gathering today, and will then say a few words.

[Reads the proposal to call this women's meeting]

The basic thought expressed in this proposal is the one that occupies me the most, too: We are a number of women who have been granted something that has been denied the female sex until now, something that shall serve to regenerate humankind—its loftiest spiritual possession. How can we show ourselves to be worthy of it? It is a good thing to take this opportunity to be together to look at the full seriousness of our situation and our task, and to look at where we stand within the women's movement in general.

Out there, women are fighting for equal rights, for the opportunity for free development alongside men. This struggle has been fraught with untold difficulties, and many of us once exhausted our best energies in it, some of us doing battle with mounting material obstacles, others unable to free themselves before collapsing under the weight of conventions and prejudices and the tyranny of traditional attitudes.

All of a sudden, in the midst of this struggle, when it seemed that only certain individuals or future generations would be able to reap the fruits of all our exertions in the present, a door opened into the light and we were given a field of activity that surpassed all our expectations. It pointed out the way to our true goals, raising us up above the level of the unavoidable aberrations of a decadent and stagnating culture whose time is past. Now we could escape the danger of drowning in our desire to imitate, “monkey see, monkey do,” what was going on in this male culture, paying the price of our eternally feminine soul and spirit in our running after outer cultural forms shaped by men.

We had been able to contribute to the stimulation and inspiration of this culture simply by virtue of the fact that we were not its servants, its executive organs. Turned back on ourselves, left to our own devices, we could develop attributes of inwardness, depth, warmth, softness, and reserve that were a necessary counterbalance to what the men were having to achieve. We could tame, enthuse, comfort, support, heal, carry, sustain, and enliven within and without—no small task, to be sure. The men, meanwhile, were conquering the outer world.

Now they had conquered it; it was theirs. They measured its breadths, dissected its parts, became its master. Their intelligence was their downfall. Laughing in scorn, they shoved aside the old gods and the sources of their strength.

Then we, too, began to take notice, because the ground under our feet was beginning to shake. The old gods dead? Outer life the only thing that mattered? Our soul's vital wellspring, which had allowed us to feel instinctively the symbolic nature of all transitory life, mere illusion? Then let us out, too! Then we too must be allowed to break the bonds, to understand and work out of our own initiative and our own conviction. Let us, too, measure ourselves against the standards of this outer world! The life in us demanded its due, and we stormed onto the battlefield.

Two things we met there. On the one hand, the hard, immobile forms created by men. To conquer them, we had to subject ourselves to an iron discipline. Some of us succeeded. Not all of us were satisfied with that.

The second thing we found was outward freedom. There we stood, young and breathing deeply, in the breaking waves of life, the old oppressive chains far behind us. We had to discover our own standards, our own incorruptible guidelines, within ourselves.

Not all of us were able to do that. Many women felt as if they had been caught up in a whirlwind, and the untamed aspect of their nature broke through. Study, hard work, and the dry routine of professional life did not suffice for long; many in the droves of women that followed found them a burden. Freedom to express ourselves, freedom of experience were what we demanded—equal rights with men when it came to the pleasures of life, too.

The wave of materialism crested and broke and swept us women away with it. As our secure sense of the reality of a spiritual world died away, our instinctive life broke through with elemental force, distorted by the aberrations of our intelligence.

The theories of a Laura Marholm 1Laura Marholm, pseudonym of Laura Hansson, née Mohr, 1854–1928, Swedish author whose books were published in German. were adhered to by the extremists of a group of female poets represented by people like Marie Madeleine,2Marie Madeleine, pseudonym of M. M. von Puttkamer, 1881–? Caused a sensation with books published around the turn of the century because of her advocacy of free love. Dolorosa,3Dolorosa, pseudonym of Maria Eichhorn, 1879–? poet and novelist. Margarete Beutler,4Margarete Beutler, M. Friedrich-Freska, née Beutler, 1884–1949. Under the pseudonym Margit Friedrich, she wrote lyric poetry and stories on social themes. and so on. I am sure every country on the European continent experienced a similar phenomenon.

Literature offered proof that even the wildest erotic fantasies of men failed to unearth such excesses as we witnessed in the products of women's overheated imaginations. We shuddered to watch as women like these, driven by vanity and thirsting for glory, but poor in spirit and in knowledge, forced the products of their goaded sensuality into the long-since fixed forms of our language. They declaimed the results themselves in literary clubs; the men they had asked to do so on their behalf had responded that they would be ashamed.

The outlook was dim—desiccation and desolation on one hand, brutalization and licentiousness on the other. Where was the redeemer who would speak the word of life to help humanity on its further way?

Then a wonderful thing happened: In this age of decadent culture, moral decline, dulled thinking, and crass egotism, teachings appeared from seclusion, teachings that could formerly only be given to a few but could now become the common property of all humankind, teachings that would help humanity find its way out of spiritual desolation into the experience of the spirit. And women were allowed to take part in this work; here, if they so chose and if they made themselves worthy of it, was their new field of activity.

They approached this with a natural inclination toward the ideal, a greater mobility of thinking, and thus a high degree of receptivity. What they were lacking was discipline in thinking, the exactitude and precision, certainty of knowledge and the respect for this certainty, and the sense of reality that men in their professional activity had been forced to maintain. To put it crudely, their weaknesses were gossip, vanity, wishy-washiness, and the tendency to drag everything down to a sentimental and personal level. Their strong points were enthusiasm and readiness to make sacrifices. If women proved able to outgrow their natural level of existence as members of their species, these last two attributes would allow them to breathe life into a rigidifying culture. If they proved able to forget the personal aspects and become objective, they would be able to help build the future and be the equals of men in terms of rights, responsibilities, and significance in the new culture coming about.

Have we been able to meet these two conditions? Has our personal nature, our natural species-nature, stepped back into second place and become objective? I fear we have failed, on the whole.
Only when we bring our failings into the realm of consciousness and develop the will to understand, only then will we be able to overcome these failings and transform destructive forces into productive ones.

The task before us, the field of activity that lies open to us, is greater than any our most far-reaching wishes anticipated. But we cannot allow ourselves to lose the ground under our feet. We must not simply go into raptures, we must understand and work. For the first time since esoteric knowledge was granted to humankind, we women are allowed to receive this knowledge together with men and inaugurate a new era through this work in common.

Let me repeat, however, that in order for this new era in the history of humankind to reach its full potential, women will have to surmount their narrowly personal nature and the level of existence natural to our species. We must keep our spirituality pure and untouched by our desires, drives, and unclean thoughts.

It has been frightening to see that we are not necessarily able to do this. We women have been constantly mixing lower things in with the higher and cloaking sensuality with spirituality to make it seem like something it is not. Again and again, the three evil forces of vanity, eroticism, and falsehood have appeared in intimate connection with each other.

The reason for us being here is that these things have happened among us; we must try to confront our failings head on. We are faced with the question of whether we will be found to be unfit and unready. Will we throw away our chance at what could re-enliven humanity?

What will we do if we are granted a grace period, time to think things over? What can we do so that men and women can work together free of distraction?

These are the questions we have to ask ourselves. Each one of us should contribute to answering them.


In response to the position taken by the Vorstand, expressions of confidence in Rudolf and Marie Steiner flowed in from many branches of the Society in the time that followed. Even Heinrich Goesch's brothers Paul and Fritz and Fritz's wife, all three of whom were members of the Society, dissociated themselves from their brother's actions. In September 1915, Paul Goesch signed a resolution of the members of the Berlin branch of the Anthroposophical Society expressing their “most profound disapproval of and pained indignation at the unheard-of behavior of Mr. and Mrs. Goesch.”

How far Rudolf and Marie Steiner stood above this case is demonstrated by the fact that Marie Steiner still made it possible for Alice Sprengel to receive financial assistance after being expelled from the Society and leaving Dornach, as proven by this letter to a Miss Julia Wernicke,5Julia Wernicke, Member of the Anthroposophical Society, no further details known. who had maintained contact with Miss Sprengel:

Dornach
September 29, 1915

Dear Miss Wernicke:

Miss Waller showed me a letter she had received from you in which it was requested that she act on behalf of Miss Sprengel in collecting the money several members allegedly still owe her.6Mieta (Pyle-)Waller, 1883–1954. Since about 1907, a friend and close artistic colleague of Marie Steiner-von Sivers and Rudolf Steiner. Since you yourself had to assume that not many people would be interested in this situation, which Miss Sprengel brought upon herself through her own excesses, and since Miss Waller has declared that she wants nothing to do with it, ordinary human compassion forces me to assume responsibility for the payment of this debt. I must ask that you not mention my name, however: first of all, that would be unpleasant for Miss Sprengel, and second of all I do not want to encourage any rumors about my having tried to accommodate Miss Sprengel in any way.

Acting on the basis of a letter from Mrs. von Strauss, I take the liberty of covering her debt.7Mrs. von Strauss, Member of the Anthroposophical Society, no further details known. When you send the money to Miss Sprengel, please tell her it is to cover that debt, but that you are not in a position to reveal names.

Yours faithfully,
Marie Steiner


With that, the 1915 case was brought to a temporary close. Although his relationship with Alice Sprengel ended shortly thereafter, Heinrich Goesch remained an unfair adversary, spreading spiteful untruths wherever he could. As late as 1923, he appeared in public in Berlin as a “non-anthroposophical expert on anthroposophy” and again spoke out against Rudolf Steiner. This will be documented in the volume on the history of the Society covering the year 1923.

In Vorstands- und Mitgliederversammlungen am 25. und 26. August 1915, an denen jedoch Rudolf und Marie Steiner nicht teilnahmen, wurde der Beschluß gefaßt, Heinrich und Gertrud Goesch und Alice Sprengel nicht mehr als Mitglieder der Gesellschaft anzuerkennen. Aus diesen Versammlungen heraus entstand die folgende Kundgebung an Marie Steiner:

Dornach, 27. August 1915

Hochverehrte Frau Doktor!

Unser Zentralvorstand hat Ihnen, hochverehrte Frau Doktor, unsere in der Mitgliederversammlung einmütig gefaßte Bitte um die gütige Beibehaltung des in der Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft von Ihnen bekleideten Amtes unterbreitet.

Wir Mitglieder hegen das herzliche Bedürfnis, das Ihnen bereits mündlich Ausgesprochene durch unsere Namensunterschriften zu bekräftigen.

Mit dem Ausdruck der tiefsten Verehrung und Dankbarkeit für Ihre segensvolle Tätigkeit, deren die Gesellschaft teilhaftig werden durfte Ihre ergebensten

(rd. 300 Unterschriften)

Am 10. September begannen die 7 Vorträge des vorliegenden Bandes über die Lebensbedingungen einer anthroposophischen Gesellschaft. Am 11. September fand aufgrund der dazwischen laufend stattgefundenen Mitgliederbesprechungen, an denen Rudolf und Marie Steiner jedoch nicht teilnahmen und von denen keine Aufzeichnungen vorliegen, eine Sitzung des Zentralvorstandes statt. Es wurde beschlossen, eine ausführliche Darstellung des Falles Goesch-Sprengel für die Mitgliedschaft zu erstellen und den Vollzug des Ausschlusses zu verschieben, bis dieses Schriftstück vorliege. Anderntags (12. September) fand eine Mitgliederversammlung statt, die als Ersatz-Generalversammlung bezeichnet wurde, da infolge des Krieges Mitglieder aus anderen Ländern nicht teilnehmen konnten. Von dieser Versammlung, die die Beschlüsse des Vorstandes bestätigen sollte, gibt es kein Protokoll, nur ganz wenige Stichwortnotizen, aus denen hervorgeht, daß an dieser Versammlung auch Rudolf Steiner teilgenommen hat.

In den folgenden Tagen wurde das beschlossene Schriftstück erstellt. Es umfaßt 20 Maschinenseiten und enthält eine ausführliche Inhaltsangabe des Briefes von Heinrich und Gertrud Goesch, eine Charakterisierung der drei Persönlichkeiten sowie die Feststellung, daß Rudolf und Marie Steiner an dem Beschluß des Ausschlusses nicht beteiligt waren. Alles Wesentliche aus diesem Schriftstück ist in der vorliegenden Dokumentation berücksichtigt worden und teils sogar vollständiger wiedergegeben. Es ist anzunehmen, aber nicht zu belegen, daß dieses Schriftstück dem am 23. September an Heinrich und Gertrud Goesch sowie an Alice Sprengel gegangenen Schreiben des Zentralvorstandes der Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft beigefügt wurde:

Der Zentralvorstand der Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft muß Ihnen die Mitgliedschaft der Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft aberkennen, da Sie sich selbst außerhalb der Ziele und Grundlagen der Gesellschaft gestellt haben.

Der Zentralvorstand der Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft

i.V.: Michael Bauer.

Dornach, den 23. September 1915.

Am nächsten Tag, den 24. September 1915, fand die am 17. September beantragte Frauenversammlung statt. Man wollte aufgrund der Ausführungen Rudolf Steiners im Vortrag vom 15. September über die Stellung der Frau im Verhältnis zu den okkulten Bewegungen in alten Zeiten und heute sprechen. Marie Steiner war gebeten worden, den Vorsitz zu übernehmen. Nach den von ihr vorliegenden handschriftlichen Notizen führte sie folgendes aus:


Marie Steiner-Von Sivers

Ansprache bei der Frauenversammlung Dornach, 24. September 1915

Eine Anzahl weiblicher Mitglieder, die die Anregung gaben zu der heutigen Versammlung, haben mich gebeten, den Vorsitz zu übernehmen. Trotzdem ich in den vergangenen Wochen kaum die Zeit gehabt habe, mich auf mich selbst zu besinnen, will ich der Aufforderung gern entsprechen, falls dies dem Wunsch auch der übrigen Anwesenden entspricht.

Es sind nicht viele schriftliche Beiträge eingelaufen. Wir werden sie nacheinander durchnehmen. Ich beginne mit der Verlesung des Antrages, der die Veranlassung zu unserem heutigen Beisammensein gegeben hat, und werde daran einige Worte knüpfen.

[Es wurde der Antrag auf Einberufung einer solchen Frauenversammlung verlesen.]

Was als Grundgedanke in diesem Antrag zum Ausdruck kommt, ist auch dasjenige, was mich am meisten beschäftigt: Hier sind wir, eine Anzahl Frauen, denen dasjenige gegeben worden ist, was bisher dem weiblichen Geschlecht vorenthalten wurde, was die Menschheit regenerieren soll - höchstes geistiges Gut. Wie können wir uns dessen würdig erweisen? — Es ist gut, einmal in Gemeinsamkeit den Ernst unserer Lage und unsere Aufgabe ins Auge zu fassen, unsere Stellung innerhalb der allgemeinen Frauenbewegung zu prüfen.

Draußen kämpfen die Frauen für Gleichberechtigung mit den Männern, für die Möglichkeit ihrer freien Entwickelung. Mit unsäglichen Schwierigkeiten ist dieser Kampf geführt worden. Viele von uns haben einst ihre besten Kräfte darin aufgerieben, die einen im Kampf mit den sich entgegentürmenden materiellen Schwierigkeiten, die andern zusammenbrechend, noch bevor sie sich befreien konnten, unter der Last der Konventionen, der Vorurteile, der Despotie traditioneller Gesinnungen.

Mit einem Male, mitten in diesem Kampfe, bei welchem es schien, daß nur Einzelne oder künftige Geschlechter die Frucht gegenwärtiger Anstrengungen pflücken könnten, ist uns ein Lichttor geöffnet worden, eine Wirkungsstätte geschaffen, die alle Erwartungen übertrafen, die uns hinweisen auf unsere wahren Wege und Ziele, hinaushoben über die unausbleiblichen Verirrungen einer überreifen und deshalb verwesenden oder verholzenden Kultur. Nun konnten wir der Gefahr entgehen, im bloßen Nachahmungstriebe zu ersticken, gleichsam die Affen zu werden innerhalb der Männerkultur, indem wir preisgaben unser Ewig-Weibliches, unser GeistigSeelisches, in der Jagd nach den äußeren Kulturformen, die durch die Männer geprägt worden waren.

Diese Kultur hatten wir mitbefruchten, mitinspirieren können, gerade dadurch, daß wir nicht ihre Diener, ihre ausübenden Glieder waren. In uns selbst gekehrt, auf uns selbst gewiesen, konnten wir jene Eigenschaften entwickeln, die der notwendige Gegenpol waren zu dem, was der Mann zu leisten hatte: Innerlichkeit, Vertiefung, Seelenwärme, Weichheit, Zurückhaltung. Wir konnten bezähmen, anfeuern, trösten, stützen, heilen, tragen, zusammenhalten, Leben spenden nach innen und außen - fürwahr, kein kleines Gebiet. Und der Mann eroberte unterdessen die äußere Welt.

Nun hatte er sie erobert. Nun war sie sein. Er durchmaß ihre Weiten, er zerlegte ihre Teile, er wurde ihr Herr. Da überschlug sich seine Intelligenz. Hohnlachend schob er die Quellen seiner Kraft, die alten Götter beiseite.

Nun merkten auch wir auf, denn der Boden, auf dem wir bis jetzt gefußt hatten, wankte. Tot die alten Götter? Das äußere Leben allein maßgebend? Ein Wahn, was in unsern Seelen quellend regsam lebte und uns instinktiv das bloß Symbolische des vergänglichen Lebens hatte fühlen lassen? Dann hinaus mit uns! Dann mußten auch wir die Riegel sprengen dürfen, erkennen, wirken dürfen, aus eigenem Antrieb, aus eigener Überzeugung. Dann wollten wir auch uns messen an dem Maßstab dieser äußern Welt. Das Leben in uns forderte sein Recht. Wir stürmten auf den Kampfplatz.

Wir fanden zweierlei. Einerseits die harten, starren Formen, die vom Mann geprägten. Um die zu erobern, mußten wir uns einer eisernen Disziplin unterwerfen. Einigen gelang es. Nicht alle waren dadurch befriedigt.

Das zweite, was wir fanden, war die äußere Freiheit; wir standen plötzlich da, jung und aufatmend, inmitten brandenden Lebens, weit hinter uns die alten drückenden Ketten. Da mußten wir unsern Maßstab in uns selbst finden, unsere unverrückbare Richtschnur.

Nicht alle konnten das. Viele Frauen wurden wie von einem Wirbel erfaßt. Das ungezügelte ihrer Wesensart brach durch. Das Studium, die harte Arbeit, die trockene Routine des Berufslebens genügten nicht mehr, wurden gar manchen in den nachfolgenden Scharen zur Last. Freies Ausleben wurde gefordert. Gleiche Rechte mit den Männern auch auf dem Felde des Genusses.

Die Woge des Materialismus schlug hinein und erfaßte die Frauen, riß sie mit sich. Als ihr sicheres Gefühl für die Realität einer geistigen Welt starb, brach ihr Triebleben mit elementarer Gewalt durch, verzerrt durch die Verirrungen ihrer Intelligenz.

Den Theorien einer Laura Marholm folgten die Exzesse einer Dichterinnenschar, als deren Repräsentanten ich nur zu nennen brauche Namen wie Marie Madeleine, Dolorosa, Margarete Beutler usw. Wohl in jedem Lande unseres europäischen Kontinents gab es die entsprechende Erscheinung.

Die Literatur gab den Beweis, daß die wildeste erotische Phantastik der Männer nicht solche Exzesse zutage förderte wie das, was wir als Produkt der überhitzten Phantasie von Frauen vor uns hatten.

Das mußten wir schaudernd erleben: Getrieben von Eitelkeit und Ruhmsucht, aber arm an Geist und Wissen, preßten solche Frauen in die längst geprägten fertigen Formen unserer Sprache das hinein, was ihr aufgestacheltes Sinnenleben ihnen eingab. In literarischen Vereinen rezitierten sie selbst diese Produkte, wenn ihnen von den dazu aufgeforderten Männern die Antwort gegeben war, daß diese sich schämten, es zu tun.

So war die Aussicht trüb; von der einen Seite drohte Vertrocknung und Verödung, von der andern Verrohung und Sittenlosigkeit. Wo war der Heiler, der das Wort des Lebens bringen konnte, das der Menschheit weiterhalf?

Da geschah etwas Wunderbares: In dieser Zeit der Überkultur, des sittlichen Verfalls, des stumpf gewordenen Denkens, des krassesten Egoismus, traten aus dem Verborgenen an die Menschen heran Lehren, die früher nur wenigen gegeben worden waren, die jetzt Gemeingut werden durften; Lehren, an denen sich die Menschheit wieder emporranken konnte aus der geistigen Verödung zum GeistErleben. Und an dieser Arbeit durfte sich die Frau beteiligen; hier lag, wenn sie wollte, wenn sie sich dazu würdig machte, ihr neues Wirkungsfeld.

Sie brachte dazu mit eine natürliche Hingabe zum Ideellen, eine größere Beweglichkeit des Denkens und dadurch - Aufnahmefähigkeit. Was ihr fehlte, war die Disziplin des Denkens, die Exaktheit und Genauigkeit, das positive Wissen, der Respekt vor dem positiven Wissen, der Tatsachensinn, den die Männer gezwungen sind, in ihrem Geschäftsleben einzuhalten. Grob gesprochen, waren ihre Fehler: Das Schwätzen, das Verwuseln, Verwaschen, alles ins Sentimentale, ins Persönliche ziehen, die Eitelkeit. Ihre Vorzüge: der Enthusiasmus, die Opferfreudigkeit. - Mit diesen zwei Eigenschaften konnte sie, wenn sie als Gattungswesen über sich selbst hinauswuchs, einer erstarrenden Kultur Leben einhauchen helfen; sie konnte, wenn sie ihr Persönliches vergaß, sachlich wurde, an der Zukunft mitbauen, innerhalb der werdenden Kultur ein dem Manne gleichbedeutender, gleichberechtigter, gleichbelasteter Faktor sein.

Hat sie die erwähnten zwei Bedingungen erfüllt?

Ihr Persönliches, ihr Gattungswesen an zweite Stelle gerückt? Ist sie sachlich geworden? Ich fürchte, wir haben als Gesamtheit versagt.

Nur wenn wir unsere Fehler in die Sphäre des Bewußtseins rücken, wenn wir den Willen haben zu erkennen, dann können wir sie auch überwinden und können zerstörende Kräfte in produktive umwandeln.

Eine Aufgabe liegt vor uns, ein Arbeitsgebiet, größer als es sich den weitgehendsten Wünschen früher zeigte. Aber wir dürfen nicht den festen Boden unter den Füßen verlieren. Nicht schwärmen, sondern erkennen und arbeiten müssen wir. Zum ersten Mal, seitdem esoterisches Wissen den Menschen gegeben wird, dürfen wir in Gemeinschaft mit dem Manne dieses Wissen empfangen; dürfen durch diese gemeinschaftliche Arbeit eine neue Aera inaugurieren.

Damit diese neue Aera der Menschheit sich erfüllen könne, muß die Frau — es sei mir gestattet, dies zu wiederholen - innerhalb der geisteswissenschaftlichen Arbeit über ihr eng Persönliches und ihr Gattungswesen hinauskommen; sie muß das Geistesgut rein erhalten, unberührt von ihrer Wunschnatur, ihren Trieben, von unsauberen Gedanken.

In erschreckender Weise zeigte sich, daß sie das nicht ohne weiteres konnte. Immer wieder warf sie das Niedere mit dem Hohen durcheinander, immer wieder mußte sie das Sinnliche mit dem Geistigen bemänteln, um als das zu erscheinen, was es nicht war. Immer wieder erschienen, eng miteinander verknüpft, diese drei bösen Kräfte: Eitelkeit, Erotik, Lüge.

Weil das unter uns geschehen ist, sind wir hier miteinander versammelt und versuchen, unsern Fehlern ins Antlitz zu sehen.

Die Frage tritt an uns heran: Werden wir als unreif befunden werden? Wird durch uns verscherzt worden sein, was die Menschheit zu ihrer Wiederbelebung braucht?

Was sollen wir tun, wenn uns noch eine Frist gewährt wird, die Zeit uns zu besinnen? Was sollen wir tun, damit ungestört Männer und Frauen zusammenarbeiten können?

Dieses sind die Fragen, die wir uns zu stellen haben, zu deren Beantwortung wir alle beitragen sollten.


Als Reaktion auf die Orientierung des Zentralvorstandes treffen in der Folgezeit aus vielen Teilen der Gesellschaft Vertrauenszeugnisse für Rudolf Steiner und Marie Steiner ein. Sogar die beiden Brüder Paul und Fritz Goesch und des letzteren Frau, alle drei ebenfalls Mitglieder der Gesellschaft, distanzierten sich von dem Vorgehen ihres Bruders Heinrich. Paul Goesch unterschrieb im September 1915 eine «Erklärung der Mitglieder des Berliner Zweiges der Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft», in der diese «ihre tiefste Mißbilligung und schmerzliche Entrüstung über die unerhörte Art des Auftretens von Herrn und Frau Dr. Goesch» aussprechen.

Wie souverän Rudolf Steiner und Marie Steiner über dem Fall standen, beweist die Tatsache, daß Marie Steiner Alice Sprengel nach deren Ausschluß und Weggang von Dornach nochmals eine Unterstützung zukommen ließ, wie aus folgendem Brief an ein Fräulein Wernicke, welche mit Alice Sprengel noch in Verbindung stand, hervorgeht:

Dornach, den 29. Sept. 1916

Sehr geehrtes Fräulein Wernicke,

Fräulein Waller zeigte mir einen Brief, den sie von Ihnen erhalten hat und in welchem Sie sie bitten, sich für Frl. Sprengel zu verwenden, um das Geld einzutreiben, das ihr einige Mitglieder noch schulden sollen. Da Sie selbst annehmen, daß sich nicht viele für die Situation interessieren werden, in die sich Frl. Sprengel selbst durch ihre maßlosen Verirrungen gestürzt hat, und Frl. Waller auch erklärt, daß sie nichts damit zu tun haben will, wird wohl nichts anderes übrig bleiben, als daß ich aus allgemein menschlichem Mitgefühl für die geschilderte Notlage die Deckung jener Schuld übernehme. Freilich müßte ich Sie dabei bitten, meinen Namen gar nicht zu erwähnen, denn 1. würde dies Frl. Sprengel selbst nicht angenehm sein, 2. möchte ich nicht in den Geruch kommen, Frl. Sprengel irgendwie entgegenkommen zu wollen.

Ich erlaube mir also auf Grundlage des Briefes von Frau von Strauß die von ihr angeführten Schuldposten zu begleichen und bitte Sie, bei Überweisung des Geldes Frl. Sprengel zu informieren, daß es die Deckung jener Schuld bedeute, daß Sie aber nicht in der Lage wären, Namen zu nennen.

Mit vorzüglicher Hochachtung
Marie Steiner

Damit war der Fall vom Sommer 1915 vorläufig erledigt.

Goesch blieb, obwohl die Verbindung mit Alice Sprengel bald darauf beendet wurde, ein unfairer Gegner. Er verbreitete, wo er konnte, gehässige Unwahrheiten. Im Jahre 1923 trat er in Berlin als «nichtanthroposophischer Kenner der Anthroposophie» öffentlich wieder gegen Rudolf Steiner auf. Dieser Zusammenhang wird in dem Band zur Gesellschaftsgeschichte, der das Jahr 1923 betrifft, behandelt werden.

At board and general meetings on August 25 and 26, 1915, which Rudolf and Marie Steiner did not attend, the decision was made to no longer recognize Heinrich and Gertrud Goesch and Alice Sprengel as members of the Society. The following statement to Marie Steiner emerged from these meetings:

Dornach, August 27, 1915

Dear Doctor!

Our Central Executive Council has submitted to you, esteemed Doctor, our unanimous request, made at the general meeting, that you kindly retain your position in the Anthroposophical Society.

We, the members, feel a heartfelt need to confirm what has already been expressed verbally by adding our signatures.

With the deepest admiration and gratitude for your beneficial work, which the Society has been privileged to share in, we remain yours sincerely,

(approx. 300 signatures)

On September 10, the seven lectures in this volume on the living conditions of an anthroposophical society began. On September 11, due to the ongoing member discussions, in which Rudolf and Marie Steiner did not participate and of which no records exist, a meeting of the Central Board took place. It was decided to prepare a detailed account of the Goesch-Sprengel case for the membership and to postpone the execution of the expulsion until this document was available. The next day (September 12), a members' meeting was held, which was designated as a substitute general meeting, as members from other countries were unable to attend due to the war. There are no minutes of this meeting, which was intended to confirm the decisions of the Executive Council, only a few notes indicating that Rudolf Steiner also participated in this meeting.

In the following days, the agreed document was drawn up. It comprises 20 typewritten pages and contains a detailed summary of the letter from Heinrich and Gertrud Goesch, a characterization of the three personalities, and the statement that Rudolf and Marie Steiner were not involved in the decision to expel them. All the essential points from this document have been included in the present documentation and in some cases even reproduced in full. It can be assumed, but not proven, that this document was enclosed with the letter sent by the Executive Council of the Anthroposophical Society to Heinrich and Gertrud Goesch and Alice Sprengel on September 23:

The Executive Council of the Anthroposophical Society must revoke your membership in the Anthroposophical Society, as you have placed yourself outside the goals and principles of the Society.

The Executive Council of the Anthroposophical Society

On behalf of: Michael Bauer.

Dornach, September 23, 1915.

The next day, September 24, 1915, the women's meeting requested on September 17 took place. The intention was to discuss Rudolf Steiner's remarks in his lecture on September 15 about the position of women in relation to occult movements in ancient times and today. Marie Steiner had been asked to chair the meeting. According to her handwritten notes, she said the following:


Marie Steiner-Von Sivers

Address at the women's meeting in Dornach, September 24, 1915

A number of female members who initiated today's meeting have asked me to chair it. Although I have hardly had time to reflect on my own thoughts in recent weeks, I am happy to accept the request if this is also the wish of the other attendees.

Not many written contributions have been received. We will go through them one by one. I will begin by reading out the motion that prompted today's gathering and will add a few words of my own.

[The motion to convene such a women's assembly was read out.]

The basic idea expressed in this motion is also what concerns me most: Here we are, a number of women who have been given what has hitherto been withheld from the female sex, what is supposed to regenerate humanity—the highest spiritual good. How can we prove ourselves worthy of it? — It is good to come together and face up to the seriousness of our situation and our task, to examine our position within the general women's movement.

Outside, women are fighting for equality with men, for the opportunity to develop freely. This struggle has been fought with unspeakable difficulties. Many of us once exhausted our best energies in it, some in the struggle with the towering material difficulties, others collapsing under the weight of conventions, prejudices, and the despotism of traditional attitudes before they could free themselves.

Suddenly, in the midst of this struggle, when it seemed that only individuals or future generations would be able to reap the fruits of our present efforts, a gateway of light was opened to us, a sphere of activity created that exceeded all expectations, pointing us to our true paths and goals, lifting us above the inevitable aberrations of an overripe and therefore decaying or ossifying culture. Now we could escape the danger of suffocating in the mere urge to imitate, of becoming, as it were, monkeys within male culture, by abandoning our eternal feminine, our spiritual-soul, in the pursuit of the external forms of culture that had been shaped by men.

We had been able to fertilize and inspire this culture precisely because we were not its servants, its executive members. Turning inward, relying on ourselves, we were able to develop those qualities that were the necessary counterpoint to what men had to accomplish: inwardness, depth, warmth of soul, softness, restraint. We were able to tame, encourage, comfort, support, heal, carry, hold together, give life inwardly and outwardly—truly, no small domain. And meanwhile, men conquered the outer world.

Now he had conquered it. Now it was his. He traversed its vastness, he dismantled its parts, he became its master. Then his intelligence went into overdrive. With a scornful laugh, he pushed aside the sources of his power, the old gods.

Now we too took notice, for the ground on which we had stood until now was shaking. Were the old gods dead? Was external life alone decisive? Was it a delusion that had sprung up and lived actively in our souls, instinctively making us feel the mere symbolism of transitory life? Then out with us! Then we too had to be allowed to break the bars, to recognize, to act, of our own accord, out of our own conviction. Then we too wanted to measure ourselves against the standards of this external world. The life within us demanded its rights. We stormed onto the battlefield.

We found two things. On the one hand, the hard, rigid forms shaped by man. To conquer them, we had to submit to iron discipline. Some succeeded. Not all were satisfied with this.

The second thing we found was external freedom; we suddenly stood there, young and breathing freely, in the midst of surging life, far behind us the old oppressive chains. There we had to find our own standard within ourselves, our unshakeable guiding principle.

Not everyone was able to do this. Many women were caught up in a whirlwind. Their unbridled nature broke through. Study, hard work, and the dry routine of professional life were no longer enough, and even became a burden to some in the following generations. They demanded to live freely. They demanded equal rights with men, even in the realm of pleasure.

The wave of materialism swept in and engulfed women, carrying them away with it. As their secure sense of the reality of a spiritual world died, their instinctual life broke through with elemental force, distorted by the aberrations of their intelligence.

The theories of Laura Marholm were followed by the excesses of a group of female poets, whose representatives I need only mention by name: Marie Madeleine, Dolorosa, Margarete Beutler, etc. This phenomenon occurred in virtually every country on our European continent.

Literature proved that even the wildest erotic fantasies of men did not produce such excesses as those we saw before us as the product of the overheated imaginations of women.

We had to experience this with a shudder: driven by vanity and a thirst for fame, but lacking in spirit and knowledge, such women pressed into the long-established forms of our language whatever their agitated sensual lives inspired them to write. In literary societies, they recited these products themselves when the men who had been asked to do so replied that they were ashamed to do so.

So the outlook was bleak; on the one hand, there was the threat of desiccation and desolation, on the other, brutalization and immorality. Where was the healer who could bring the word of life that would help humanity?

Then something wonderful happened: in this time of overculture, moral decay, dull thinking, and blatant egoism, teachings that had previously been given to only a few came out of hiding and were made available to the people; teachings that could lift humanity out of spiritual desolation and back to spiritual experience. And women were allowed to participate in this work; here, if they wanted to, if they made themselves worthy, lay their new field of activity.

They brought with them a natural devotion to ideals, greater flexibility of thought, and thus receptivity. What she lacked was the discipline of thought, the precision and accuracy, the positive knowledge, the respect for positive knowledge, the sense of facts that men are forced to adhere to in their business lives. Roughly speaking, her faults were: chattering, muddling, blurring, drawing everything into the sentimental, into the personal, vanity. Her strengths: enthusiasm and self-sacrifice. With these two qualities, if she rose above herself as a member of her species, she could help breathe life into a stagnating culture; if she forgot her personal life and became objective, she could help build the future and be a factor within the emerging culture that was equal to men in terms of significance, rights, and responsibilities.

Has she fulfilled the two conditions mentioned?

Did she put her personal life and her role as a member of the human race in second place? Did she become objective? I fear that we have failed as a whole.

Only if we bring our mistakes into the sphere of consciousness, if we have the will to recognize them, can we overcome them and transform destructive forces into productive ones.

A task lies before us, a field of work greater than even the most ambitious hopes of the past. But we must not lose our footing. We must not rave, but recognize and work. For the first time since esoteric knowledge was given to humanity, we may receive this knowledge in community with men; we may inaugurate a new era through this communal work.

In order for this new era of humanity to be fulfilled, women must—allow me to repeat this—go beyond their narrow personal and gender-specific concerns in their spiritual scientific work; they must keep the spiritual heritage pure, untouched by their desires, their instincts, and their impure thoughts.

It became alarmingly apparent that she could not do this without difficulty. Again and again she confused the low with the high, again and again she had to cloak the sensual with the spiritual in order to appear as something she was not. Again and again, these three evil forces appeared, closely intertwined: vanity, eroticism, and lies.

Because this has happened among us, we are gathered here together and are trying to face our mistakes.

The question arises: Will we be found immature? Will we have squandered what humanity needs for its revival?

What should we do if we are granted more time to reflect? What should we do so that men and women can work together undisturbed?

These are the questions we must ask ourselves, and we should all contribute to answering them.


In response to the Central Board's orientation, testimonials of trust for Rudolf Steiner and Marie Steiner arrived from many parts of society in the following period. Even the two brothers Paul and Fritz Goesch and the latter's wife, all three of whom were also members of the Society, distanced themselves from the actions of their brother Heinrich. In September 1915, Paul Goesch signed a “Declaration by the Members of the Berlin Branch of the Anthroposophical Society” in which they expressed “their deepest disapproval and painful indignation at the outrageous behavior of Mr. and Mrs. Goesch.”

The fact that Marie Steiner sent Alice Sprengel further support after her expulsion and departure from Dornach proves how confidently Rudolf Steiner and Marie Steiner rose above the situation, as can be seen from the following letter to a Miss Wernicke, who was still in contact with Alice Sprengel:

Dornach, Sept. 29, 1916

Dear Miss Wernicke,

Miss Waller showed me a letter she received from you in which you ask her to intercede on behalf of Miss Sprengel to collect the money that some members still owe her. Since you yourself assume that not many people will be interested in the situation into which Miss Sprengel has plunged herself through her excessive misbehavior, and Miss Waller also declares that she wants nothing to do with it, there is probably no other option than for me to cover the debt out of general human compassion for the plight described. Of course, I would have to ask you not to mention my name, because 1. this would not be pleasant for Miss Sprengel herself, and 2. I do not want to be suspected of wanting to accommodate Miss Sprengel in any way.

I therefore take the liberty, on the basis of Mrs. von Strauß's letter, to settle the debts she has listed and ask you to inform Miss Sprengel when transferring the money that it is to cover those debts, but that you are not in a position to name names.

With the utmost respect,
Marie Steiner

This provisionally settled the matter from the summer of 1915.

Although his connection with Alice Sprengel soon came to an end, Goesch remained an unfair opponent. He spread malicious untruths wherever he could. In 1923, he publicly opposed Rudolf Steiner again in Berlin as a “non-anthroposophical expert on anthroposophy.” This connection will be discussed in the volume on the history of the Society concerning the year 1923.