Faculty Meetings with Rudolf Steiner
GA 300a
23 June 1920, Stuttgart
Thirteenth Meeting
A teacher asks if the school should set up a public first-aid station since bandages and so forth would then be cheaper.
Dr. Steiner: I think we will have to buy those things by the case ourselves. Without doubt, it would be desirable if we had a room where we could take the children. On the other hand, it would not be so desirable if people from outside mixed in with that. There is no real value in that. It is good to have Dr. Kolisko here. The faculty should take care of that. Obviously, this can’t happen a couple of times every day, but with three hundred children, minor things will happen where we need a bandaging room we can sterilize and disinfect. Perhaps something will happen once a week, and it will be sufficient if we have a room. I think it is important that we have a doctor on the faculty, but the more we can close ourselves off from the outer world, the better it is. We should try to obtain bandaging material cheaply.
I had thought that there would be a number of questions. As I already said, we have generally made great progress. In the first year it was apparent that you struggled with the subject matter, but you made progress in all areas. What is important though, is what kind of progress you made and that in the coming years we work more with those ideas that are consistent with and related to the Waldorf School. I believe that progress lies in what the students have learned, as well as what the teachers have slowly discovered about how to treat the students. Everything has progressed, even the pranksters. The pranksters have become strong pranksters, but that doesn’t hurt anything. That is simply a side effect. Many have even become better behaved, more cultivated, more intellectual. That is very good and hurts nothing.
In my opinion, we must put more value upon psychology in the future. We must work with psychology. You should not understand that as abstractly or theoretically as it may appear. That might look as though we wanted to analyze the children. When we become accustomed to understanding the children psychologically, we will slowly find a relationship to them that results purely from our activity. That understanding of the children will not remain as a mere recognition, but will become another relationship if you really try to understand them. There is still much we need to catch up on in creating a proper relationship to the children. We need to be clear that when so much depends upon personal activities, as it does here, an intensive analytical understanding of the children is necessary. Then things that have occurred in the past will no longer happen.
It is difficulty to characterize individual cases, but that is not necessary. We should act psychologically. If you think about that, you will discover what I mean. I don’t so much mean that the children must achieve this or that, but that you ask yourselves what the children can achieve in accordance with their psychological makeup. Always work from the standpoint of the children. You can change individual behavior only if you really try to understand children in their different variations. Each child is interesting.
Miss Lang showed me a prankster, B.N. She had cried terribly, but today she skipped school again. That is interesting, and we will have to study it. I cannot promise she will keep her word. It may last for years. I can imagine that she spent some time with tightrope walkers; that is certainly a reason for being interested in her, isn’t it? If you create expectations about what a child is, you can easily define things. However, you can achieve a genuine psychological understanding of a child only through intense study. One of my thoughts is that we should consider learning to understand the children as one of the main things in the first year. We should never assume they must be one way or another.
There is something else that strongly disturbs me in nearly all classes. We should continually strive to integrate anthroposophy organically in the instruction. That truly enlivens the children’s strengths. Just the way that you, Dr. von Heydebrand, have done in anthropology and you, Dr. Stein, have done in history. That is something that is present intuitively with many of you. You cannot do eurythmy without Anthroposophy. You need to try to bring Anthroposophy into your teaching without teaching anything theoretical.
In my opinion, you include a great deal of Anthroposophy when you attempt, and that is the ideal, to bring what we call rhythm into your work. For instance, when you try to connect what the students learn in music, singing, and eurythmy with handwork. That has an extremely positive effect on the children. I would recommend that you read Karl Bücher’s book Work and Rhythm. We should have this book. All work is based upon musical work, threshing, blacksmithing, plastering. Today, you hardly hear that anymore. But if you had gone out into the country at an earlier time and listened to the threshing, you would have heard the flails swinging in rhythm. I think we can bring that into our work. That is what I mean when I talk about bringing the spirit into it. You will find that principle in Work and Rhythm, even though he states it rather pedantically.
Of course, I am also carrying the question about the end of school, about the closing ceremony. I definitely think it should include a certain amount of festivities. Today is the twenty-third, and I will not be able to attend. I simply cannot be there, though I surely would like to be. We need to begin the summer holidays on time. In my opinion, the teachers have done enough, and they will collapse otherwise. I would really like to be at the closing ceremony. Each teacher should give a short speech. Perhaps Mr. Baumann would be kind enough to take care of the musical part. Perhaps you could write something that could be presented through eurythmy, not a normal eurythmy presentation, but something that represents the close of school. It would be really wonderful if we could do that. Begin with a eurythmy presentation accompanied by music. Then go on into a musical presentation alone and close with eurythmy again. I would suggest your composition be connected with the closing of school. Perhaps Miss Röhrle could do something with two or three of the older girls. Then we must have something, and this is very important to me, that is a kind of speech about life, to let the children go and to receive them again. Something that has a connection with the children’s leaving school and their return.
Someone had written on a blackboard, “The sky is blue, the weather is nice, we want to go for a walk, dear teacher.” Dr. Steiner was rather angry about that.
Dr. Steiner: You haven’t seen that? Sometimes when the weather is too hot, you can let the children go. I don’t think it would be right to close earlier, though. I am not in favor of letting the children go as long as we can keep them here. We let them go earlier than we really should. We can, of course, make it easier for the children, but only when it is too warm. It would almost be better if we kept them and took them some place, but stayed with them. Don’t you think it is better when the children go to kindergarten. The longer we have them, the better it is. In that way, we can have the children who do not yet go to school. Right now we can generally take the children only when they begin elementary school. When the age of imitation ends, then we can begin. It would be nice if we could bring something into the child’s education during the first seven years. We will have to have something for the earlier years, later is less important.
Some people want some temporary school buildings, but I think we should discuss that in detail after school has closed. It is settled in general, but, nevertheless, we need to discuss it. There are some things we need to decide that cannot wait until after school has begun. We must expand the singing class, and we need a teacher for it. There are many other things we need to discuss if we have an additional grade. We must also carefully consider who will take over the first grade. We cannot assume that Stockmeyer’s and Stein’s work will cease. These are all things we need to discuss at an early enough time. For those reasons, I will have to be here when school ends unless something significant hinders that. I will probably need to be away only for four to six days. Today is too early.
How should we handle those children who arrive too late? I had to wait today as I came into the school. Three girls were coming in. They simply went in, not the least disturbed that they were late. The person I was walking with said to me, “It seems quite all right with them that they are late.” So, what do we do with the children who come late?
A teacher: Have them come a quarter of an hour earlier.
Dr. Steiner: Then we run the danger that they don’t come at all. We must avoid under all circumstances giving them a punishment we cannot carry out. We may never place ourselves in a situation where we may have to relent in a disciplinary decision. If we say that a child must come earlier, then we must enforce that. We must order the child to come earlier. The girls today were in the seventh or eighth grade. We lose all control the minute we look away. We will find ourselves on a downward path and will continue to slide. With punishment, we cannot relent. It is better to let it go. Under certain circumstances, it can lead to the opposite of what we want, with the children forming a group among themselves and saying, “Today I come late, tomorrow, you.” I don’t think that would work, because it would make us somewhat laughable. Of course, it’s just laziness. Having the children come earlier is not so good; it would be better if they stayed a quarter of an hour longer. That is something the children do not like.
Have you tried that to see if it works? If a child comes ten minutes late, having him or her stand for a half hour. If they have to stand three times as long, they will certainly think about every minute. Let them stand there uncomfortably. Your boy rubs the back of his head on the wall and amuses himself with all kinds of things. I think that in such cases, when there is some punishment connected with the misbehavior, you can be particularly effective if you allow them to stand in some uncomfortable place. The older children will then be careful that they do not come too late. We could also buy a number of little sheds, and then they will not come too late as a group. They may even get some cramps in their legs. We could have the sheds built in the shop class.
A teacher: What should we do if a teacher comes too late?
Dr. Steiner: Then we will have the children put the teacher in the pen. It is important, though, that we differentiate in such things. I would not punish the children as severely in winter as in summer. The moment the children notice there is some reason for the disciplinary action, they will agree to it. In the winter, we could discipline them less intensively and have them stand only twice as long. We need to stir them up. There are some who are inattentive. The industrious children will hardly come too late.
A teacher asks about the windows.
Dr. Steiner: Sometimes, when you go by, you want to climb in yourself. We will need to put some mesh up, so that they can’t climb in.
Concerning F.R. in the fourth grade.
Dr. Steiner: That is a very difficult case. If he leaves school, that will be a real problem, something not particularly desirable. On the other hand, he should not suffer. We should not serve our school on a silver platter to the school he next attends. There will certainly be teachers there who will happily hear that someone comes to them saying he could not stand it here. Tomorrow, I will take a look to see what we can do. This is a very difficult situation.
Here, we have the question of whether to try a parallel class. Right now, there is hardly anything else we can do other than place him in the previous or the following grade. I definitely do not want him in the previous class, so he would then go in your class in the next higher grade. I don’t think there is any other solution, but that will cause considerable upset with the children. We will need to do it in such a way that it appears to be an exception. We will have to think about how we will handle this. It would be a bad story if people knew we did this for personal reasons. Of course, we also run the danger that the children will say, “Well, he got out, we could also try.” What should we do with such a boy though, if we do not want to send him away? Perhaps I will visit the class tomorrow. He is actually not the problem. That is something he inherited, and it has a continuous effect upon him. It is something in the family. It would be best if we could help him past that hurdle. Perhaps he might even become a really good person. He is certainly enthusiastic about eurythmy and singing, he simply does not want the normal class instruction. He finds it horrible. Then there are other things that people take too seriously. He took five marks, but only in fun. You can reach him, he just needs a certain kind of objective treatment because everything at home is so subjective. We have all tried that. His father is a person like the teacher who says when a child is excited, “I will teach you what being relaxed is, I’ll show you what relaxed is.” That is how his father is.
We cannot allow him to remain in the fourth grade. We would run the danger that he would jump overboard, and that would certainly not be pleasant. I still recall a very horrible situation. At that time, I was at an engineering school.7 The janitor’s son was very ambitious. A teacher who was very hot tempered grabbed him by the scruff and walloped him. The boy left the class. He knew from his father where the cyanide was; he took it and poisoned himself. After that, the teacher became red when someone left the class during the period. (Speaking to Dr. von Heydebrand) I only mention all this because he will be coming to you in the fifth grade. He does not belong in the fourth grade. We made an error there.
Act psychologically! We must study the children’s feelings.
A teacher asks about lace making and embroidery.
Dr. Steiner: That work takes a great deal of time. These things are always done under the most horrible situations so that nearly all the people who do them become ill. Brussels lace is a terrible thing. I would not bring that in. The things you are now doing in handwork are very beautiful. We need to be very careful about handwork. Today, I saw a girl sewing without a thimble.A teacher: Should we have school on Peter and Paul’s Day?
Dr. Steiner: We can take the day off. “Peter and Paul is always quite lazy.”
The following was also noted.
Bad teeth, the cause lies in the soul/spirit.
Connection between eurythmy and the formation of teeth.
Handwork. Knitting develops good teeth. The children gain dexterity through knitting.
Dreizehnte Konferenz
Die Konferenz war auf den Mittag gelegt worden, da am Abend ein Studienabend zur Dreigliederung stattfand, an dem Graf Ludwig Polzer-Hoditz über die politische Lage sprechen sollte. Das Schuljahr dauerte noch einen Monat, für den 24. Juli war die Abschlussfeier vorgesehen.
Themen: Medizinisches: Die Schule braucht einen Schularzt. «In Psychologie wirken!» Die Kindergemüter müssen studiert werden. Rückblick auf das vergangene Schuljahr. Rhythmus in den Unterricht bringen. Vorblick auf das zweite Schuljahr. Über das Zu-spätKommen.
Bemerkungen: Die Konferenz bildete den ersten Teil eines ausführlichen Rückblicks auf das vergangene Schuljahr. Vieles war erreicht worden, der Schulalltag wurde bewältigt, das seien Fortschritte, auch die Lausbubereien seien «fortgeschritten».
Eindringlich sprach Rudolf Steiner über das «richtige Erkenntnisverhältnis», das zu den Schülern zu gewinnen sei. Ermeinte, das Hauptthema für die Arbeit im zweiten Schuljahr sei das «Verstehenlernen der Kinder. Sich gar nichts vornehmen, sie müssten so oder so sein.»
Steiner war Zeuge davon, wie einige Schülerinnen, die zu spät zur Schule kamen, gar keine Eile zeigten, doch noch zeitig die Schule erreichen zu wollen.
Er bedauerte sehr, nicht bei der Abschlussfeier anwesend sein zu können.
Es wird gefragt, ob man eine öffentliche Unfallstation in der Schule einrichten solle, weil man dann die Verbandstoffe und so weiter 33 Prozent billiger bekomme.
RUDOLF STEINER [auf eine Bemerkung]: Ich glaube, dass wir die Sachen selbst en gros kaufen müssen. Dies wäre zweifellos wünschenswert, dass ein Raum da wäre, wo man ein Kind hinbringen kann. Dagegen ist es nicht sehr wünschenswert, dass diese ganze Sache mit Einmischung von außen besorgt wird. Es sollte darauf ein besonderer Wert gelegt werden. Deshalb ist es gut, dass Kolisko da ist; es sollte schon vom Lehrerkollegium besorgt werden. Es kann doch nicht jeden Tag ein paarmal vorkommen. Gewiss, kleine Sachen werden vorkommen, wenn dreihundert Kinder da sind. Es war ja außerdem nicht besonders schlimm. Ein Fall, wo man einen Verbandsraum braucht, in dem man sterilisieren und desinfizieren kann. Es ist doch so, dass jede Woche etwas vorkommt. Es würde genügen, wenn ein Raum da wäre. Mir lag viel daran, dass ein Arzt da ist unter dem Lehrerkollegium. Je mehr wir uns abschließen von der Außenwelt, desto besser ist es. Angestrebt [muss] werden, dass man billige Verbandstoffe bekommt.
EUGEN KOLISKO: Ich möchte schon, dass ein Raum da wäre.
RUDOLF STEINER: Nicht wahr, ich habe mir gedacht, dass manche Fragen gestellt werden könnten. Ich habe schon erwähnt, im Ganzen sind [wirkliche] Fortschritte gemacht worden. Im ersten Jahr war offenbar nach meinen Apergus ein Kampf mit dem Lehrstoff vorhanden. Fortschritte sind gemacht worden auf allen Gebieten. Es handelt sich nur immer darum, was fortschreitet, das wird in den nächsten Jahren mehr den Ideen entsprechen, die mit der Waldorfschule verbunden sind. Nun, Fortschritte liegen, glaube ich, sowohl darin, dass immerhin die Schülerschaft etwas aufgenommen hat, [als darin], dass die Lehrer sich nach und nach hineingefunden haben in die Behandlung der Schüler. Alles ist fortgeschritten, auch die Lausbübereien. Die Lausbuben sind schon starke Lausbuben, das schadet [aber] nichts. Das ist eine Nebenwirkung. Manche sind sogar gesitteter, kultivierter, intellektueller geworden. Das ist ganz gut, das schadet nichts.
Was ich meine, das ist das: Wir müssen in der Zukunft [immer noch mehr] Wert legen auf Psychologie. In Psychologie wirken! Das ist nicht so abstrakt, theoretisch aufzufassen, wie es scheinen könnte. Sehen Sie, es schaut so aus, als ob man die Kinder analysieren wollte. Wenn man sich gewöhnt, sich recht zu bestreben, die Kinder kennenzulernen psychologisch, dann bekommt man allmählich ein anderes Verhältnis [zu ihnen], ganz rein durch das Ergebnis der Sache selbst. Dieses Kennenlernen bleibt nicht bloß ein Erkennen der Kinder; es wird zu einem anderen Verhältnis [zu den Kindern], wenn man sich bemüht, sie kennenzulernen. Da ist natürlich noch manches nachzuholen im Herstellen eines richtigen Erkenntnisverhältnisses zu den Kindern. Man müsste sich klar sein darüber, dass, wo so vieles so sehr auf Persönlichem beruht wie hier, dass da in intensivster Weise ein analysierendes Erkennenlernen der Kinder notwendig ist. Darum werden gewisse Dinge, die vorgekommen sind, in der Zukunft nicht vorkommen.
Es ist schwer, den einzelnen Fall zu charakterisieren, das ist auch nicht nötig. In Psychologie wirken! Wenn Sie nachdenken darüber, werden Sie finden, was ich darunter verstehe. Nicht so sehr die Idee haben, die Kinder mi n dies oder jenes erreichen, sondern sich fragen: Was können die Kinder nach ihrer psychologischen Beschaffenheit erreichen? Ganz aus dem Kinde heraus [arbeiten]! Das kann man im Einzelnen sich nur angewöhnen, wenn man ein richtig reales Bestreben hat, das Kind in seinen verschiedenen Varianten kennenzulernen. Jedes Kind ist interessant.
Fräulein Lang hat mir einen weiblichen Lausbuben, R. B., vorgeführt. [Sie] hat furchtbar geflennt. Heute hat sie wieder geschwänzt gehabt. Aber es ist interessant, man muss sie studieren. Ich kann nicht versprechen, dass sie ihr Wort hält: Es wird vielleicht Jahre dauern. Das kann ich mir denken, dass sie bei den Seiltänzern war, aber das erhöht das Interesse an dem Kinde, nicht wahr?
Wenn man Forderungen aufstellt, wie ein Kind sein soll, kann man das leicht definieren. Wie die Kinder wirklich sind, [das psychologisch zu erkennen], muss man sich mit schwerem Studium erringen. Dies ist eines, [wovon ich meine], dass wir es nach dem ersten Jahre als eine Hauptsache betrachten: Verstehenlernen der Kinder. Sich gar nicht vornehmen, [welches Verhältnis man zu den Kindern haben will], sie müssen so oder so sein.
Das ist das, was mir [fast] in allen Klassen stark vor die Seele getreten ist. Recht sehr uns bestreben, Anthroposophie organisch in den Unterricht hineinzubringen, [um den Unterricht lebendig zu machen] - was sehr belebend auf alle Kräfte des Kindes wirkt. So auf die Art, wie Sie es gemacht haben /zu Caroline von Heydebrand), in der Anthropologie, und Dr. Stein in der Geschichte. Bei manchem ist es von selbst vorhanden. Die Eurythmie kann man nicht ohne Anthroposophie machen. Man muss sich bemühen, möglichst ohne dass man theoretisch Anthroposophie Ichrt, sie so hineinzubringen, dass sie [eben] darinnensteckt.
Ja, ich denke mir, viel Anthroposophie ist darinnen, wenn Sie versuchen - das ist ein Ideal -, dasjenige, was man Rhythmus nennt, in die Arbeit hineinzubringen; wenn Sie versuchen, den musikalisch-gesanglich-eurythmischen Unterricht mit dem Handfertigkeitsunterricht in Zusammenhang zu bringen. Es wirkt auf die Kinder außerordentlich gut. Ich empfehle Ihnen dazu «Arbeit und Rhythmus» von Karl Bücher. [Dieses Buch] soll da sein. Alles Arbeiten ging aus vom musikalischen Arbeiten, nicht wahr, [beim Dreschen, Schmieden, Pflastern]. Heute hören Sie es fast nicht mehr. Gingen Sie aber früher auf das Land hinaus und hörten dreschen, der Dreschflegel wurde im Rhythmus geführt. Ich meine, das können wir wiederum hineinkriegen. Ich meine das, dass wiederum Geist in die Sache hineinkomme. Das Prinzip finden Sie, wenn auch recht gelehrt und pedantisch, in «Arbeit und Rhythmus».
Dann natürlich habe ich ein bisschen den Gedanken, wie wird es werden mit dem Schulende, [mit der Schulschlussfeier]? Nun, nicht wahr, das müsste doch mit einer gewissen Festlichkeit begangen werden. Es ist heute der 23., ich werde nicht kommen können; es wird nicht gehen, obwohl ich gerne anwesend wäre. Die Ferien müssen zur rechten Zeit beginnen. Es lässt sich heute nicht sagen. Ich finde, dass die Lehrer jetzt gerade genug haben, sonst brechen sie zusammen. Ich wäre natürlich furchtbar gerne bei diesem Schulschluss da. Sonst müsste es in der Form sein, dass jeder Lehrer eine Ansprache hält. Vielleicht ist Herr Baumann so gut und besorgt etwas Musikalisches. Dichten Sie doch etwas, was den Schulschluss eurythmisch darstellt. Nicht eine gewöhnliche Eurythmievorführung, sondern etwas, was den Schulschluss eurythmisch darstellt. Es wäre doch wunderschön, wenn so etwas gemacht würde. Es beginnt eurythmisch; etwas, das musikalisch begleitet ist. Dann geht es über [ins] bloß Musikalische, und dann schließt es eurythmisch. Das meine ich nur par exemple, dass es mehr eine Art zum Schulschluss komponierte Sache wäre. Es kann ja Fräulein Röhrle, mit A. P. - die ist ja fast so groß - und mit I. K. [den zweigrößten Mädchen], es können auch drei sein; etwas machen. Dann müsste irgendetwas, was - [unklare Textstelle] das ist etwas, was mir furchtbar aufliegen würde -, es müsste natürlich eine Art von Rede sein, die wie eine Lebensrede ist, zum Entlassen und Wiederkommen. So irgendetwas, was auf den Tag und das Entlassen und Wiederkommen Bezug hat.
Auf einer Wandtafel hatte gestanden: «Der Himmel ist blau, das Wetter ist schön, Herr Lehrer, wir wollen spazieren gehn.»
RUDOLF STEINER: Nun ja, haben Sie es noch nicht gesehen? Nicht wahr, Sie könnten ja im Allgemeinen manchmal, wenn es allzu heiß ist, die Kinder weggehen lassen; früher schließen meine ich nicht, dass es richtig wäre. Ich bin nicht dafür, dass man die Kinder aus der Hand gibt, solange man sie in der Hand haben kann. Man gibt die Kinder früher aus der Hand, als man es eigentlich sollte. Man kann es natürlich den Kindern erleichtern. Höchstens, wenn es allzu warm ist es besser, man behält sie und führt sie irgendwohin und ist dabei. Nicht wahr, es ist doch besser, wenn Sie die Kinder haben. Je länger man sie hat, desto besser. Sie können so doch immer die Kinder aufnehmen, die noch nicht in die Schule kommen. Es toben die anderen auch. Wir nehmen die Kinder bis jetzt im Wesentlichen so auf, wie man sie in die Volksschule hineinkriegt. Wenn das Nachahmungszeitalter beendet ist, können wir anfangen. Es wäre sehr schön, wenn man [einiges in] die ersten sieben Jahre der kindlichen Erziehung hineinbringen könnte. Schließlich müssten wir schon nach unten hin etwas haben; oben ist es weit weniger wichtig.
Sie wollen ja auch sonst Schulbaracken aufführen. So müssen wir es lassen. Ich möchte sagen, die genauen Besprechungen können an den Schulenden gemacht werden. Im Wesentlichen ist es gegeben. Aber es wird eine Besprechung notwendig sein. Es werden Dinge notwendig sein, die nicht geordnet werden können, wenn man sie erst am Schulanfang besprechen würde. Die Gesangsklasse muss eine Erweiterung erfahren, es muss ein Gesangslehrer kommen. Das ist notwendig. In manch anderer Hinsicht wird es notwendig sein, was verhandeln sein wird, dass, falls wir eine nächste Klasse darauf setzen können, dann ist ja auch das zu überlegen, schwer zu überlegen, wer die 1. Klasse bekommt. Dass Ihre Tätigkeit /zu Stockmeyer und Stein], aufhört, ist nicht anzunehmen. Heute wäre es verfrüht. Das muss zeitig genug besprochen werden. Aus diesen Gründen wäre es notwendig, dass ich am Schulschluss da wäre, außer es wären dringende Verhinderungen. Ich brauche ja vielleicht nur vier oder sechs Tage da zu sein. Heute ist es verfrüht.
Wie behandeln wir diese Kinder, die zu spät kommen? Ich wurde heute aufgehalten, als ich in die Schule ging. Da gingen drei Schülerinnen. Sie gingen einfach, sie waren nicht betrübt, dass sie zu spät gingen, sie gingen schr gelassen. Die Persönlichkeit, die mit mir ging, sagte: «Denen wird es recht sein, wenn sie zu spät kommen.» Nun, wie verhalten wir uns zu den Kindern, die zu spät kommen?
Antwort: Sie müssen [eine Viertelstunde] früher kommen!
RUDOLF STEINER: Da setzt man sich der Gefahr aus, dass sie nicht kommen. Es muss unter allen Umständen vermieden werden, irgendeine Strafe zu geben, wobei man nachgeben muss. Man darf in einer [disziplinarischen] Maßregel absolut nicht nachzugeben brauchen. Wenn man sagt, ein Kind muss früher kommen, so muss es eingehalten werden, dass man ihm befiehlt, früher zu kommen. Es waren die in der 8. oder 7. Klasse. Da ist man unten durch, sobald man durch die Finger schauen muss. Dann ist das eine schiefe Ebene, auf der man immer weiter hinunterrollt. Man darf [bei einer Strafe] nicht nachgeben, lieber unterlasse man sie. Das kann unter Umständen auch zum Gegenteil führen. Dann entsteht ein Verein unter den Kindern, sie machen ab, heute bin ich zu spät gekommen, morgen kommst du. Ich weiß nicht, ob das geht. Es würde uns ein bisschen ins Lächerliche ziehen. Es ist natürlich Bummelei. [Früher kommen lassen ist nicht so gut, lieber eine Viertelstunde länger dalassen]. Das ist etwas, was den Kindern unsympathisch ist.
Haben Sie ausprobiert, ob dies wirkt? Ein Kind kommt zehn Minuten zu spät; man lässt es dreißig Minuten stehen. Wenn sie dreimal so lange stehen müssen, dann überlegen sie sich doch jede Minute. [Sie] recht unbequem stehen lassen! Ihr Junge, der reibt sich den Hinterkopf an der Wand, er amüsiert sich mit allerlei Zeug. Ich glaube, man kann mit solchen Dingen, wenn irgend die Strafe mit dem Verbrechen zusammenhängt, gut wirken, wenn man sie stehen lässt an irgendeiner besonders unbequemen Stelle. Die Großen werden sich [dann] hüten, dass sie zu spät kommen. Man könnte eine Anzahl von [kleinen] Stockerln /österreichisch für: Hocker] kaufen, dann werden sie auch nicht zu sechst zu spät kommen. Unter Umständen bekommen sie einen kleinen Krampf in den Beinen. Die Stockerln, die kann man [auch] im Handfertigkeitsunterricht machen.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Was soll geschehen, wenn Lehrer zu spät kommen?
RUDOLF STEINER: Dann wird man die Schüler veranlassen, dass sie die Lehrer auf die Stockerln stellen. - Wichtig ist es auch, dass man in solchen Dingen differenziert. Ich würde es im Winter weniger streng ahnden als im Sommer. Im Augenblick, wo die Kinder merken, dass in den disziplinären Maßregeln Vernunft ist, sehen sie es ein. Im Winter [könnte man es] weniger intensiv bestrafen [und sie nur zweimal so lange stehen lassen]. Sie stören; es sind solche, die auch selbst unaufmerksam sind. Die Fleißigen werden kaum zu spät kommen.
Es wird eine Frage gestellt wegen der Fenster.
RUDOLF STEINER: Man bekommt selbst Lust, wenn man da vorbeigeht, hineinzusteigen. Man müsste etwas [wie Gitter anbringen], dass sie nicht hineinkommen.
Über R. M. in der 4. Klasse.
RUDOLF STEINER: Es ist ein sehr schwieriger Fall: Wenn er aus der Schule weggeht, ist es ein Kasus der Schule. Nicht gerade wünschenswert. Auf der anderen Seite darf das Kind nicht darunter leiden. Die Schule sollte auch nicht das gefundene Fressen werden derjenigen, zu denen er kommen wird. Da werden solche Gymnasiallehrer sein, die werden es mit großer Befriedigung empfinden, wenn jemand kommt, der sagt, er hat es [hier] nicht ausgehalten. Ich muss morgen noch etwas sehen, was man da tut mit ihm. Lösbar, sehr schwer.
Es ist die Frage diese, man könnte es [sonst] mit einer Parallelklasse probieren. Hier kommt [aber] kaum etwas anderes in Betracht, als dass er in die vorhergehende oder nachfolgende Klasse kommt. In die vorhergehende Klasse möchte ich ihn auf keinen Fall tun. Dann würde er in Ihre Klasse kommen, in die höhere Klasse [zu Caroline von Heydebrand]. Ich glaube nicht, dass es eine andere Lösung gibt. Das macht viel Aufsehens unter den Kindern. Man wird es tun müssen, sodass es als eine Ausnahme erscheint. Da wird man erst nachdenken müssen, wie man es tut. Es ist eine zuwidere Geschichte, wenn man bekannt geben soll, dass es aus persönlichen Gründen ist. Natürlich ist die Gefahr diese, dass sie sagen: Na, jetzt hat er es erreicht; das können wir auch anstreben. - Aber was soll man machen mit solch einem Jungen, wenn man ihn nicht wegschicken will? Vielleicht komme ich morgen zu der Klasse. Das, was schlimm ist, ist nicht er selbst. [Es ist] eine vererbte Sache, [und das wirkt fortwährend auf ihn]. Es liegt in der Familie. Es wäre schon wünschenswert, dass man den Jungen über eine Klippe hinwegführt. Vielleicht wird es gerade ein tüchtiger Mensch. Er ist ganz begeistert für Eurythmie [und] Gesang, er will den Klassenunterricht nicht haben. Er findet ihn ganz abscheulich. In diesem Stile. Das sind [andere] Dinge, die man zu wichtig nimmt; er hat fünf Mark genommen. Das ist ein Spaß. Er ist sehr zugänglich, sehr zugänglich. Der Junge braucht eine gewisse objektive Behandlung, weil er zu Hause recht subjektiv behandelt wird. Das haben wir alle auch getan. Der Vater ist von der Art jenes Lehrers, der, wenn der Schüler sich aufgeregt benimmt, sagt: «Ich werde dich lehren, was Gelassenheit ist; ich werde dir beibringen, was Gelassenheit ist», so ist der Vater. Der E. E. ist wütend über ihn.
Ihn in der 4. Klasse zu lassen, [das] geht nicht. Wir setzen uns der Gefahr aus, dass er ins Wasser springt. Das wäre natürlich nicht angenehm. Ich erinnere mich noch mit rechtem Entsetzen - ich war auf einer Schule mit einer Maschinenbauschule. Dort war der Sohn des Schuldieners, der war ehrgeizig. Ein Lehrer, Professor Binder, der jähzornig war, der nahm den [Lappen] und haute ihm eine herunter. Der verließ die Klasse; er hat nämlich gewusst durch seinen Vater, wo Zyankali ist, hat es genommen und sich vergiftet. Seit der Zeit wurden die Lehrer immer rot, wenn jemand herausging während der Stunden. Liegle hieß er.
[Zu Caroline von Heydebrand:] Ich wollte es nur jetzt besprechen, weil er zu Ihnen in die 5. Klasse hinkommt. Er gehört nicht in die 4. Das ist ein Fehler, der gemacht worden ist.
In Psychologie wirken! [Die] Kindergemüter müssen studiert werden!
BERTA MOLT fragt wegen Spitzenklöppeln und Nadelarbeit.
RUDOLF STEINER: Das ist eine furchtbar zeitraubende Arbeit. Immer unter den entsetzlichsten äußeren Verhältnissen wurden diese Dinge gemacht. Es ist so, dass die Leute alle krank geworden sind. Es sind Parias dazu verwendet worden. Brüsseler Spitzenarbeit ist eine schreckliche Sache. Ich würde das nicht einführen.
Die Arbeiten, die Sie jetzt machen, sind sehr schön. [Beim Handarbeiten müssen wir] ein bisschen recht exakt sein. Ich habe heute ein Mädchen bemerkt, das ohne Fingerhut nähte.
Jemand fragt: [Soll am Peter-und-Pauls-Tag schulfrei sein?]
RUDOLF STEINER: Man kann freigeben. «Peter und Paul ist immer sehr faul.»
Zu dieser Konferenz finden sich noch folgende kurze Notizen: [Schlechte Zähne - Ursache im Geistig-Seelischen. Zusammenhang zwischen Eurythmie und Zahnbildung. Handarbeit: Stricken entwickelt gute Zähne. Das Geschicktwerden der Kinder durch Stricken.]
Thirteenth Conference
The conference was scheduled for midday, as a study evening on the threefold social order was to take place in the evening, at which Count Ludwig Polzer-Hoditz was to speak about the political situation. The school year still had one month to go, with the graduation ceremony scheduled for July 24.
Topics: Medical matters: The school needs a school doctor. “Working in psychology!” Children's minds need to be studied. Review of the past school year. Bringing rhythm into the classroom. Preview of the second school year. About being late.
Comments: The conference formed the first part of a detailed review of the past school year. Much had been achieved, everyday school life had been mastered, progress had been made, and even the mischief had “advanced.”
Rudolf Steiner spoke emphatically about the “right relationship of understanding” that needed to be established with the students. He believed that the main theme for the work in the second school year was “learning to understand the children. Don't expect anything of them, they have to be the way they are.”
Steiner witnessed how some students who arrived late for school showed no hurry to get to school on time.
He very much regretted not being able to attend the graduation ceremony.
The question is whether a public accident station should be set up in the school, because then the bandages and so on would be 33 percent cheaper.
RUDOLF STEINER [in response to a comment]: I believe that we have to buy the supplies ourselves in bulk. It would undoubtedly be desirable to have a room where a child could be taken. On the other hand, it is not very desirable for this whole matter to be handled with outside interference. Special emphasis should be placed on this. That is why it is good that Kolisko is there; it should be taken care of by the teaching staff. It can't happen several times every day. Of course, small things will happen when there are three hundred children. Besides, it wasn't particularly bad. A case where you need a first-aid room where you can sterilize and disinfect. The fact is that something happens every week. It would be enough if there were a room. It was very important to me that there be a doctor among the teaching staff. The more we shut ourselves off from the outside world, the better. The aim [must] be to obtain inexpensive bandages.
EUGEN KOLISKO: I would like there to be a room.RUDOLF STEINER: Yes, I thought that some questions might be asked. I have already mentioned that, on the whole, [real] progress has been made. In the first year, according to my observations, there was obviously a struggle with the teaching material. Progress has been made in all areas. It is always a question of what is progressing, which in the coming years will correspond more to the ideas associated with the Waldorf school. Well, I believe that progress has been made both in that the students have absorbed something and in that the teachers have gradually found their way into dealing with the students. Everything has progressed, even the mischief. The rascals are already strong rascals, but that doesn't matter. That's a side effect. Some have even become more well-behaved, more cultured, more intellectual. That's quite good, it doesn't hurt anything.
What I mean is this: in the future, we must place [even more] emphasis on psychology. Work in psychology! This is not as abstract and theoretical as it might seem. You see, it looks as if one wants to analyze the children. If one gets used to making a real effort to get to know the children psychologically, then one gradually develops a different relationship [with them], purely as a result of the matter itself. This getting to know each other is not merely a matter of recognizing the children; it becomes a different relationship [with the children] when you make an effort to get to know them. Of course, there is still much to be done in establishing a proper relationship of understanding with the children. It should be clear that, where so much is based on personal factors, as is the case here, it is necessary to get to know the children in a very intensive and analytical way. That is why certain things that have happened will not happen in the future.
It is difficult to characterize individual cases, and that is not necessary. Work in psychology! If you think about it, you will find what I mean. Don't so much have the idea of achieving this or that with the children, but ask yourself: What can the children achieve according to their psychological makeup? Work entirely from the child's perspective! You can only get used to doing this in detail if you have a genuine desire to get to know the child in all their different variations. Every child is interesting.
Miss Lang introduced me to a female tomboy, R. B. [She] cried terribly. Today she skipped school again. But she's interesting; you have to study her. I can't promise that she'll keep her word: it may take years. I can imagine that she was with the tightrope walkers, but that increases the interest in the child, doesn't it?
If you make demands on how a child should be, it's easy to define. How children really are [to recognize this psychologically] must be achieved through hard study. This is one thing [which I believe] we should consider a priority after the first year: learning to understand children. Don't decide [what kind of relationship you want to have with the children], they have to be this way or that way.
That is what struck me deeply in [almost] all classes. We strive very hard to incorporate anthroposophy organically into our teaching [in order to make the lessons lively] – which has a very invigorating effect on all the child's faculties. In the way you did it (to Caroline von Heydebrand), in anthropology, and Dr. Stein in history. For some, it comes naturally. You can't do eurythmy without anthroposophy. You have to try, as far as possible without teaching anthroposophy theoretically, to incorporate it in such a way that it is [simply] there.
Yes, I think there is a lot of anthroposophy in it when you try – and this is an ideal – to bring what is called rhythm into the work; when you try to connect musical, singing, and eurythmic lessons with manual skills lessons. It has an extraordinarily good effect on the children. I recommend Karl Bücher's “Work and Rhythm” for this. [This book] should be there. All work originated from musical work, didn't it, [in threshing, forging, paving]. Today you hardly hear it anymore. But if you went out into the countryside in the past and heard threshing, the flail was moved in rhythm. I think we can bring that back. I mean, I think we can bring spirit back into things. You will find the principle, albeit rather scholarly and pedantic, in “Work and Rhythm.”
Then, of course, I wonder a little about how it will be at the end of the school year, [at the end-of-school ceremony]? Well, it should be celebrated with a certain festivity. Today is the 23rd, and I will not be able to come; it will not be possible, although I would like to be there. The holidays must begin at the right time. It is impossible to say today. I think the teachers have had enough now, otherwise they will collapse. Of course, I would love to be there for the end of the school year. Otherwise, it would have to be in the form of each teacher giving a speech. Perhaps Mr. Baumann would be so kind as to arrange something musical. Why don't you compose something that represents the end of the school year in eurythmy? Not an ordinary eurythmy performance, but something that represents the end of the school year in eurythmy. It would be wonderful if something like that were done. It begins with eurythmy, accompanied by music. Then it transitions to just music, and then it ends with eurythmy. I mean, just par exemple, that it would be more of a kind of thing composed for the end of the school year. Miss Röhrle, with A. P. – who is almost as tall – and with I. K. [the second tallest girls], there could also be three; they could do something. Then there would have to be something that – [unclear passage] that is something that would weigh heavily on me – it would have to be a kind of speech, of course, like a life speech, for leaving and coming back. Something like that, something that relates to the day and to leaving and coming back.
On a blackboard it had said: “The sky is blue, the weather is fine, teacher, we want to go for a walk.”
RUDOLF STEINER: Well, haven't you seen it yet? Isn't it true that you could sometimes let the children go away when it's too hot? I don't mean that it would be right to do so in the past. I'm not in favor of letting go of the children as long as you can still hold on to them. People let go of their children earlier than they really should. Of course, you can make it easier for the children. At most, when it is too warm, it is better to keep them and take them somewhere and be with them. Isn't it better to have the children? The longer you have them, the better. You can always take in children who are not yet of school age. The others romp around too. So far, we have essentially been taking in children in the same way as they are taken into elementary school. Once the imitation phase is over, we can begin. It would be very nice if we could incorporate [some things] into the first seven years of a child's education. After all, we need to have something at the lower end; at the upper end, it is far less important.
You also want to set up school barracks. So we have to leave it at that. I would say that the detailed discussions can be held at the end of the school year. Essentially, it's a done deal. But a discussion will be necessary. There will be things that cannot be sorted out if they are only discussed at the beginning of the school year. The singing class needs to be expanded; a singing teacher must be hired. That is necessary. In some other respects, it will be necessary to negotiate that, if we can add another class, then we also have to consider, and it will be difficult to consider, who will get the first class. It is unlikely that your work [with Stockmeyer and Stein] will come to an end. Today it would be premature. This must be discussed in good time. For these reasons, it would be necessary for me to be there at the end of the school year, unless there are urgent reasons preventing me from doing so. I may only need to be there for four or six days. Today it is premature.
How do we deal with these children who arrive late? I was delayed today on my way to school. There were three schoolgirls. They just walked along, they weren't upset that they were late, they walked calmly. The person who was with me said, “It's fine if they're late.” Well, how do we deal with children who are late?
Answer: They must come [a quarter of an hour] earlier!
RUDOLF STEINER: Then you run the risk of them not coming. Under no circumstances should any punishment be given, whereby one must give in. One must not give in at all when it comes to [disciplinary] measures. If you say a child must come earlier, you must insist that they come earlier. They were in the 8th or 7th grade. You lose all authority as soon as you have to turn a blind eye. Then you're on a slippery slope and you keep sliding further and further down. You must not give in [when it comes to punishment]; it's better to refrain from it altogether. Under certain circumstances, this can also lead to the opposite. Then a club forms among the children, they make a deal: today I was late, tomorrow you come. I don't know if that works. It would make us look a bit ridiculous. Of course, it's dawdling. [Making them come earlier is not so good, better to leave them there for an extra quarter of an hour]. That's something the children don't like.
Have you tried to see if this works? A child comes ten minutes late; you make them stand there for thirty minutes. If they have to stand there three times as long, they'll think twice about every minute. [You] make them stand there in a rather uncomfortable position! Your boy rubs the back of his head against the wall and amuses himself with all sorts of things. I think that with things like this, if the punishment is related to the crime, it can be effective to make them stand in a particularly uncomfortable place. The older ones will [then] be careful not to be late. You could buy a number of [small] stools [Austrian for: stool], then even six of them won't be late. Under certain circumstances, they might get a little cramp in their legs. The stools can [also] be made in handicrafts class.
KARL STOCKMEYER: What should happen if teachers are late?
RUDOLF STEINER: Then the students will be instructed to put the teachers on the stools. It is also important to differentiate in such matters. I would punish it less severely in winter than in summer. As soon as the children realize that there is reason in the disciplinary measures, they will understand. In winter, you could punish them less severely [and only make them stand twice as long]. They are disruptive; they are the ones who are also inattentive themselves. The diligent ones will hardly ever be late.
A question is asked about the windows.
RUDOLF STEINER: When you walk past, you feel like climbing in yourself. You would have to put something [like bars] in place to prevent them from getting in.
About R. M. in the 4th grade.
RUDOLF STEINER: It is a very difficult case: if he leaves school, it is a case for the school. Not exactly desirable. On the other hand, the child must not suffer as a result. The school should also not become easy prey for those he will be joining. There will be high school teachers who will feel great satisfaction when someone comes along who says he couldn't stand it [here]. I have to see tomorrow what can be done with him. Solvable, but very difficult.
The question is this: one could [otherwise] try a parallel class. Here, however, there is hardly any other option than for him to join the previous or subsequent class. I definitely don't want him to join the previous class. Then he would join your class, the higher class [to Caroline von Heydebrand]. I don't think there is any other solution. It will cause a lot of commotion among the children. It will have to be done in such a way that it appears to be an exception. We will have to think about how to do it first. It is a nasty business to have to announce that it is for personal reasons. Of course, the danger is that they will say: Well, now he has achieved it; we can strive for that too. But what should one do with such a boy if one does not want to send him away? Perhaps I will come to the class tomorrow. What is bad is not him himself. [It is] something inherited, [and that has a lasting effect on him]. It runs in the family. It would be desirable to lead the boy over a cliff. Perhaps he will become a capable person. He is very enthusiastic about eurythmy [and] singing, he doesn't want to have class lessons. He finds them quite abhorrent. In this style. These are [other] things that are taken too seriously; he took five marks. That's a joke. He is very approachable, very approachable. The boy needs a certain objective treatment because he is treated quite subjectively at home. We have all done that too. The father is the kind of teacher who, when the student behaves excitedly, says, “I will teach you what composure is; I will teach you what composure is.” That's what the father is like. E. E. is angry with him.
We run the risk of him jumping into the water. That would not be pleasant, of course. I still remember with horror—I was at a school with a mechanical engineering program. There was the school janitor's son, who was ambitious. A teacher, Professor Binder, who was quick-tempered, took the rag and hit him with it. He left the class; he knew from his father where the cyanide was, took it, and poisoned himself. Since then, the teachers always blushed when someone left during class. His name was Liegle.
[To Caroline von Heydebrand:] I only wanted to discuss it now because he's coming to your 5th grade class. He doesn't belong in the 4th grade. That's a mistake that was made.
Work in psychology! Children's minds must be studied!
BERTA MOLT asks about lace-making and needlework.
RUDOLF STEINER: That is terribly time-consuming work. These things were always made under the most appalling external conditions. The result was that people all became ill. Pariahs were used for this work. Brussels lace work is a terrible thing. I would not introduce it.
The work you are doing now is very beautiful. [When doing needlework, we have to] be a little precise. Today I noticed a girl sewing without a thimble.
Someone asks: [Should there be no school on Peter and Paul's Day?]
RUDOLF STEINER: You can give them the day off. “Peter and Paul is always very lazy.”
The following brief notes can be found on this conference: [Bad teeth – cause in the spiritual-soul realm. Connection between eurythmy and tooth formation. Handicrafts: knitting develops good teeth. Children becoming skilled through knitting.]
