13 March 2026
๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ฅ ๐๐จ๐๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐๐ฌ. "If we derive certain general characteristics of individuals, peoples and ages from the common and lawful nature of human action, we obtain ethics, not as a science of moral norms, but as a natural doctrine of morality. The laws derived from this relate to individual human action in exactly the same way as the laws of nature relate to a particular phenomenon in nature.
To present ethics as a normative science is to completely misjudge the nature of a science. Natural science sees its progress in the fact that it has overcome the view that general norms, types, are realized in individual phenomena according to the principle of expediency. It investigates the real foundations of phenomena. Only when ethics has reached the point where it asks not about general moral ideals, but about the real facts of action that lie in the concrete individuality of man, only then can it be regarded as a science on a par with natural science."
Rudolf Steiner, 14 January 1893.
