Initiation, Eternity and the Passing Moment
GA 138
31 August 1912, Munich
Lecture VII
We were able to close our considerations yesterday by touching on the attitude of the individual toward what we may call the description of the super-sensible world and all that arises from the researches, observations and experiences of initiation. Attention was drawn to how easily the opinion may be formed that value and significance for the life of the soul can only result from the experiences of initiation in one who has made the first steps on that path and is therefore able, through his own vision, to penetrate into the experience and observation of higher worlds. It has, however, often been emphasised that this is not so. It is true that one can see, observe, discover and explore what takes place in the higher worlds, but only if one has so transformed one's own soul as to be able to look into those worlds. As we said yesterday, they are indeed quite different from the world of sensory existence, though they are connected with it in various respects and are to be regarded essentially as its foundation.
On the other hand, in what concerns the understanding of these other worlds, you would not be judging correctly if you affirmed that, in order to comprehend, grasp and receive what can be given by those who have taken the first or further steps toward initiation, you had necessarily to experience it yourself. On the contrary, it must be emphasised repeatedly that any man who devotes himself without prejudice to what is vouched for by actual spiritual investigators in super-sensible worlds, any man who will accept their descriptions, experiences and communications without prejudice, letting his unbiased judgement and active understanding hold the field, will really be able to grasp all that he is offered. In the life of the senses it is quite different. We are perfectly justified in saying that there is hardly anyone who could glean an idea of the Sistine Madonna, or of an unknown, distant landscape simply from a description. If you have a lively imagination, you may be able to form some sort of picture from a description, but it is still true to say that only he who can see for himself, can grasp things in sensory existence. So that in this existence understanding must come after seeing. That is by no means the case in higher worlds. Those who seek there, can draw out that for which they seek, put it into the forms and concepts of human ideas, and thus give it to the world. Of course, men may be entangled in materialistic or other dogmas, or they may have no will whatever to give themselves open-mindedly to what is being imparted; in that case it will not be understood. Or it may not be a man's own fault that he cannot understand it because his life and education may not hitherto have given him the facility for open-mindedly receiving these things. But anyone who is in a position to devote himself to these things without prejudice and can gather up all that comes to him by way of sound understanding and sound judgement will at length say, “However incredible these things at first appear, it is just this healthy, comprehensive, all-round thinking that leads to the understanding of them, even though one is quite incapable of seeing anything of the higher worlds.”
As I have been able to tell you in the last few days, anyone who attains to visions of the higher worlds bears images within him of his own inner life and is at first guided by what is in those images. It is the same with the understanding of things in the super-sensible world. Understanding precedes seeing, is in no way influenced by it, nor does it exercise any influence over it. Previous understanding need not in the least affect what brings man to a vision of what is completely unprejudiced and in accordance with truth. On the contrary, previous understanding and grasping of these things with all-round powers of judgement (to which, it must be admitted, there is little inclination among people nowadays) prepare the heart and soul to enter in the appropriate way into the power of vision. Thus, we must continually repeat that true occultism, true science of the spirit with sincere and earnest intention, will never draw back before the demand that we should dispassionately grasp and understand what is said, that we should try to penetrate it with sound human understanding and with powers of judgement that flow freely into every sphere. We shall then find it possible.
A good deal about these matters will be found in my book, A Road to Self Knowledge, where much that is complementary to these lectures is contained. But special mention should be made of how something significant can contribute to the purification and cleansing of the soul when the effort is made by those who seek the way of the science of the spirit out of the darkness of life. Above all, mention should be made of how to understand things and to grasp them objectively with what every man, if only he is willing, can have at his disposal in his sound power of judgement. By this way of sound understanding, by this refusal of all authority and all authorised belief, we gain special light when we come to certain refinements in occult observation.
From the whole spirit and meaning of these lectures, it will have appeared that, as the steps are taken toward initiation, it becomes increasingly a matter of each man being independent, as regards his experience, of everything for which his physical body can serve him as an instrument. He must learn to experience in his higher bodies, in his etheric body, in his astral body, and also in what may be called his ego or thought body. The essential thing at every stage of initiation is this making oneself capable of perceiving in the higher bodies. In this connection, however, it is necessary for a man to do something in order to free himself of his physical sensory body. He must consciously divest himself, strip himself of everything that binds him to the world insofar as in this linking, this binding, the physical body lends itself as a tool.
This, of course, is not possible for everyone, especially in an age as materialistic as this. It is least of all possible for those who today give their opinion about the riddles and phenomena of the universe, those who by the present, peculiar methods of education, are brought up to the belief that already in earliest youth it is possible to attain—not merely to try to do so—considered judgement about world phenomena. Why is it that so much harm is done in the world nowadays by judgements born purely out of passion and emotion? When we look through what appears in print in the world, we see that the book trade is flooded with the most immature productions arising simply out of sympathies and antipathies. Why is this? It may also be asked, “Were there not in former times, too, men who out of the darkness of life confronted the results of super-sensible investigation with hatred and aversion even as today? Were there not men of darkness such as the materialists of today, who availed themselves of every possible method that hatred, ignorance and darkness could suggest?” The answer is that there were always such men, but they never worked in the way they work today. And why? Sometimes we have to pause and make note of such things in our conscience. There have been men who have hated the world and all unprejudiced penetration into higher worlds because this may sometimes bring to light most uncomfortable facts. But such men in the past could often neither read nor write. Their level of education fell short of reading and writing. Those holding such opinions today are able by means of education to read and write, and the public at large has no power of discriminating between the various things that appear in the press nor do they know how to appreciate them at their proper value. There is not much will to develop discrimination so as to come to the realisation that, in this age, there is need for the sifting and purifying intervention of a movement that combines occultism with the science of the spirit.
Men have many difficult things to learn. Simply from the facts revealed by higher worlds, there is much to be learned. For instance, it will have to be learned that even when, through partial schooling or preparation of the soul organism or other organisms, one does penetrate into higher worlds, even then it may be possible for a good deal to remain in respect of the bond with the external world that arises by way of the physical senses. Once the boundary that is so firmly drawn between the life of the senses and spiritual life is crossed by the spiritual seer, all that still remains of certain justifiable weaknesses in sensory existence when experienced in higher spiritual vision enwraps him in darkness, in maya. Only by incessantly taking ourselves to task during the period when we are seeing into the spiritual world can we, as a being there, completely shut out all that we must necessarily have in sensory existence. Only by making sure that during spiritual vision there will be no interplay of what surrounds us in the sensory world shall we be able to see, unadulterated and free of illusion, the spiritual, super-sensible world.
Without alluding to anything in particular, let us take a definite case. Say that someone wishing to pass through the stages of initiation, or having already done so, has a personal relation to someone else based on immediate personal feeling and emotion. Let us suppose that this relation of a spiritual seer, who is about to be initiated or has already made steps toward initiation, is a definite personal relation between two human beings based on mutual attraction such as is awakened in the life of the senses, possibly out of confiding love, so that—and I mean this in a higher sense there is physical interplay between the two. Let us assume something of the kind to be present, and the one who was a spiritual seer was wishing to make investigations about the person toward whom he felt thus attracted during sensory existence. Let us also suppose him to be unable to rid himself of all this love formed in sensory existence for the person in question. It would then be practically impossible for him to learn the truth about the super-sensible being of such a personality. Oh, it is indeed necessary, however much one may love, however close a personal attachment one may feel in sensory existence, to try perseveringly to cast it all aside when trying to observe the super-sensible. It may be that one feels a personal attraction such as this, and does not free oneself from the kind of fondness for the said personality that one would have in sensory existence. Then, before the eyes of the spiritual seer, pictures of the past and future of this personality will appear, for instance, that must unavoidably be false. Complete illusion may ensue. Therefore, anyone having a serious sense of responsibility in face of what is given from the realm of spiritual wisdom cannot be too careful when revealing to the world anything that happens in his own immediate circle, in the circle of those with whom he is familiar. When there are indications of any occult results relating to what concerns the immediate personal circle of the investigator, it is always a safe rule to regard them as in the highest degree doubtful.
This is not said with reference to any particular fact. It is merely said because for every occultist it is an objective fact. With this are connected, however, things that play throughout into higher spheres, one might say. With this is connected the fact that anyone wishing to make investigations into super-sensible worlds is little adapted to get a basic conception of the right kind in relation to religious questions, if with his prejudices and personal feelings he is attached to any particular religious community, if he is more attached to one religious community than to another, or is indeed a propagandist of any religious community. One who has a leaning toward personally prompted propaganda cannot also be an objective occultist! This is a statement that must indeed be made with all severity. There are conditions that we may be allowed to bring into relation with our karma of Western culture. In a certain sense these make it not too difficult for a westerner, when he has made himself a little familiar with the basic demands of super-sensible life, to form an objective judgement as to how we should place into human evolution the great event we call the Mystery of Golgotha. For how is it that so much of the darkness of life, enters into religious life and into the way in which men understand it? Why does all that only wants to be concerned with the passing moment and has no wish to raise itself to the light of the spirit and to all that is eternal enter religious life? Because everything related to religious life is intimately bound up with all that is human egoism—not merely individual egoism, but the egoism of family, race and people. From this point of view, and because there is need that these things should be observed with complete lack of prejudices let me call your attention to a particular phenomenon.
Take an Oriental. What part does his religious life play in regard to the founder of his religion when he considers the connection of his racial or national evolution? Consider whether it is easy for an Oriental, or any other man who is not of the West, to think historically about the course of the history into which he is placed without linking this historical life with men like Krishna, Buddha, Mohammad, or Confucius. Everywhere we see that, quite as a matter of course, what is in religious life is bound up with what takes place in profane external life, and flows into the heart and soul of the people. It is impossible to imagine a Buddhist, for instance, writing a history without making Buddha the central point. This is not said as a criticism but because it is true of the men who belong to such cultural evolutions.
But now let us go to the West and look, not at dogmas, but at facts. I shall pick out a recognised historian of the West, Leopold von Ranke, who is known throughout the world for his objectivity, his calm sense of values, his quite individual way of facing things objectively. Ranke has written many chapters on historical evolution, but one remarkable thing has become known about him. He once, in the presence of a friend, revealed that he had so represented the course of history that he had never taken into account the Christ, nor the facts immediately associated with Him! He went to a good deal of trouble to write a history of the West in accordance with his objective sense without making Christ take part in it. In his old age it caused him many pangs of conscience when he had to ask, “If deeds flow into the actual historical happenings for which there are no documents nor records, can this history be said to be true?” This is not mentioned here to decide whether such a history is true or untrue—I hold it to be supremely justified—but because one of the best histories, by one of the best recognised Western historians, has been so written that Christ has been entirely omitted, that Christ was not included in the course of the history. That is a fundamentally important and significant fact. Wherever has accidental civilisation led us? Western civilisation has brought us to this, that we do not always look up to the Being Who should stand forth as the central figure of all history, had there been the right connection with Him. It is not science that has led us to this. How has it come about? Let us throw light on this matter from another point of view.
Where have the great founders of religion lived, those who were the great initiates and who gave their people what they needed out of their national substance? Is it conceivable, for instance, that Hermes should have worked on his epoch through the substance of any other people, or is it conceivable that Buddha should have worked in any other way than through the particular qualities of the race into which he was placed, or should have sent his forces into them? Now let us turn our eyes to Him Whom we do not call an initiate but know as the Personality through Whom world initiation, cosmic initiation, has worked. Did He belong to any particular nation? He was born in an unknown corner of the world, far removed from great empires, and there the events were played out. Since the Gospels and other records of the New Testament cannot be looked upon as reliable historical records, it may be said that, of all these events, none can be proved by documentary evidence. Those who joined Him as pupils and disciples did so without distinction of family, race or sex. This, then, is the difference, that whereas in former times the people looked to their racial initiates, here they turned to One Who belonged to no people, Who indeed accomplished His greatest deeds of culture among a people with whom He had not lived.
That is the great step forward out of the darkness of life to the light of the spirit that we must not misunderstand if we are in earnest about the evolution of mankind. Those are the things that have really to be considered, things that have to be effectively pointed out by the science that can be drawn from real observation of super-sensible worlds. From much that I have been able to tell you, you will see how essential it is to have some understanding of what was said by the double of Johannes Thomasius in The Guardian of the Threshold, “Thinking has a purifying force.” This purifying force of thinking really works in such a way that it leads us out of our darkness into spirit light. It leads us away from the passing moment into eternity. But it is not willingly admitted that thinking has this purifying force. There is, however, something strange about the occult nature of thinking. A materialistic science imagines that man thinks with his brain; that is simply an error. If you appreciate the whole meaning of what is said in A Road to Self Knowledge, you will also understand that the process and activity of thinking, the combining and working out of ideas, do not take place in the physical body, but in the etheric body.
In truth, in ordinary life, also, man thinks with his etheric body, but the fact that he is in ordinary life precludes his having any knowledge of the activity that takes place within him when he thinks with his etheric body. Fundamentally, man is always thinking; his etheric body is always in motion, and it is this motion that constitutes thinking. But, of all this activity in the etheric body, it is only the reflection that comes into consciousness. You must conceive of a certain relation of the etheric body to the physical body somewhat in the following way. Assume that you were walking down this hall beneath this row of windows, and that mirrors were hanging on the walls between each window. As you pass the first mirror you see your face; where there is no mirror you do not see your face, but, as you go on you again see it for there is another mirror that throws its image back to you. Your face is there all the way along, but you only see it when it is reflected. The etheric body is in a perpetual flow of thought, but it only becomes perception when the brain in the physical body reflects what is going on in the etheric body. This etheric body is there all the time, but a man ordinarily knows nothing of it. It is reflected by the brain, which is to be regarded as an instrument of reflection, and whenever life is reflected it becomes conscious. That is why the physical body must be there, so that the etheric body, which actually does the thinking, may know something of this thinking. The brain itself, however, does not think, nor does the physical body. This thinking has its seat in the etheric body, and what a man perceives in his brain is just as little his thinking as what appears in the mirror is you. When a man wishes to take the first steps toward initiation, it is in truth as if you passed before all the mirrors trying all the time to be inside yourself, and then became capable of experiencing what your form was like, so that you would perceive yourself outwardly actually from within.
Such is the ascent from life in the senses to spiritual life. Whereas man can ordinarily only perceive what is going on in his instrument of reflection—what as a reflection he sees in his brain—by means of initiation he comes to direct experience and perception in his etheric body. Then, on reaching this inner experience and perception, he comes into touch with quite another world, that of essential being. His own being, his experience, his perception, widen out beyond the objective world. What he then experiences is a world of spiritual being that he may also experience in sensory existence, as far as the periphery of what is experienced is concerned. But only then can he rise to grasping something in spiritual existence that is here only present for us as physical image. Then he can understand that the impulses of initiates did not merely flow from earthly wisdom, but that great initiates have come to their greatest impulses, moral impulses, and so forth, and work with such mighty power because all they have is not merely taken from the earth; it is received by them from what is far beyond the earth. For as soon as man gets beyond the earth, he there comes to what is bound up with earthly existence.
If through initiation he passes from earthly existence to cosmic existence, then he comes to experiences—if he is studying an initiate such as Buddha, for instance—when he can say, “He has lived on earth as Bodhisattva through many incarnations.” Whoever has learned to understand Buddhism in this connection, must of necessity become as believing as a Buddhist; he will know that in the personality of Gautama Buddha this individuality lived for the last time in a physical body. In this incarnation, however, he became Buddha and has now ascended for spiritual work in spiritual worlds, so that the spiritual vision can be directed to the passing of the Buddha individuality from earthly life to spiritual life, to association in spiritual existence. If you then trace this individuality back, you will see how, as a Bodhisattva, he passed through many incarnations. At length, however, you come to an earlier time when you can no longer say, “We are here dealing with an individuality living on the earth, “ because then you have to follow him to an earlier abode, and the change in this outstanding individuality is so represented that he grows right out beyond earthly existence. Then, at a certain time, we see the Buddha descending from another planet of our solar system, wherein he previously worked; we see him at work there, preparing himself for his earthly course. We follow him on through this course on earth as Bodhisattva, and at length as Buddha, to the point when, from being a Bodhisattva, he becomes a Buddha. We find that, whereas during his earthly incarnations his activity had indeed grown together with the earth, yet at the same time he was growing into a great cosmic whole. We see him ascend to yet another planet of our planetary system, to Mars, there to undertake a new mission closely united with his mission on earth. It is wonderful to follow how a totality appears in this way. First we see Buddha active on another planet; then he comes down to earth, and we must say, “This individuality of the initiate, Gautama Buddha, worked for a while on earth; after that, however, if we would follow him further, we must ascend to another planet.” In this way we get an unbroken line. It is thus possible to say of Buddha that he came down from another planet and, after working on earth, again ascended to a different planet, inhabited by a people who have little understanding of earthly mankind. There he continues to work, because this further work is of great significance.
Thus, in the case of many initiates, we should find how they carry into the earth from the cosmos what in the earth itself is connected with the cosmos; by means of this we should keep in view how the initiates go through cosmic wanderings. So when we try to get to the root of things everywhere, at the same time we see what irradiates our darkness, and we see how, by looking at things in an occult way, the darkness becomes filled with light.
It is curious how sometimes some people ask, “Isn't it unjust that such an Individuality as the Christ should have brought something special into the world? If that is the case, those who have lived after Christ have had some special advantage over their predecessors.” Even anthroposophists have sometimes asked this! But the souls living after Christ's appearance on earth are the same as those who were there before, so that there can be no question of injustice. We can only point to one exception in this respect, and this seems to be Buddha. He went through an incarnation in pre-Christian times, and therefore took no share in any way in what came to earth through the event of Golgotha. If we now turn our attention to where we only find darkness, to the difficulty of understanding how a soul takes leave of the earth at a certain point of time (whoever has heard my earlier lectures will know that this soul had experience in other worlds, and that it is here a question of experience on earth), if we keep all this before our mind's eye and follow it up, then it becomes apparent that Buddha was sent to the planet where he carried on his pre-earthly planetary activity by the central Individuality of the whole planetary system, by the Spirit of its central point, by Him Whom we call the Cosmic Christ. In primeval times Buddha had been sent to work on another planet, and then, as a consequence of this work, he was sent to work on earth. Whereas the earth is the planet that became the scene of the Mystery of Golgotha, Mars is the planet on which, after his work on earth, Buddha had to accomplish a similar event.
These things lie far afield and may appear inconsistent with the statement that all that is derived from initiation can be grasped with sound human understanding. We ought, however, to take what history offers, look at it together with all its connections, and it will be seen that the external course of history can here corroborate everything. If anyone denies this, it is because he has not made sufficient use of his sound judgement. This applies today to many people. By all that has been said in this course of lectures, I have wanted to call up in a picture, and also to show through the Plays, how different, powerful and mighty are the worlds we enter when we pass through the gates into super-sensible worlds. I wanted to evoke a more comprehensive picture than is possible by means of mere theories and dogmas. I wanted to represent and describe many things, not merely in words but by calling forth feeling for what is behind the Threshold where the Guardian stands.
When we survey present-day spiritual life, perhaps what sinks most deeply into the soul is all that may be said about the Guardian of the Threshold. He stands there because the human soul in ordinary existence is not sufficiently mature to live through and experience all that takes place in super-sensible worlds. He stands there for our protection. That is just as true as that the human soul, living on into the future, will have to experience more and more about super-sensible worlds. The reason why the Guardian stands there is because, were the human soul to pass into super-sensible worlds before it was ready, which can never happen on an authentic occult path, this soul would feel that it had fallen into what was infinitely fearful, infinitely terrible. This is because in their pettiness and immaturity, in their love of sensory existence and dependence on it, men could never bear all that is connected with the entrance into super-sensible worlds. Why, one cannot even approach those who want to be progressive, with all that our modern life demands! From the place from which, up to now, we have been allowed to reveal super-sensible truths, we have been obliged to point out how, in the course of the twentieth century, a super-sensible event will come to pass in the human super-sensible body when man, as if through a natural occurrence, will find the risen Christ. So much we were able to point out. But this reappearing Christ will not sail the sea in ships, nor travel in trains, nor airships. He will go into the individual being of man, into what passes from human soul to human soul. There, according to how these souls are constituted, He will be recognised by the means given in the etheric. What thus we are allowed to tell of the manner in which the risen Christ will be revealed seems feeble as compared with what will actually come to the soul of man, straight from the super-sensible world because men would like to see with physical eyes the Mighty Being Who is to come. They would like to picture Him going by airplane or travelling by sea. They would like to be able physically to touch and glorify Him Who should come. The reason is that they dread coming into actual contact, with the super-sensible.
When these things occur, they present themselves to the occultist as disguised fear and dread of truth. This is said quite dispassionately, merely as an objective statement. The occultist who recognises the Guardian standing at the boundary between physical existence and spiritual life, can see how those outside in ordinary life cannot even grasp the necessity of making a start on the path into super-sensible worlds. In truth, such personalities are all in a state of fear. They are not aware of their fear because it is disguised as a particular kind of sense of truth, as a materialistic sense of truth. But, by those confronted by the knowledge of the super-sensible world and of its super-sensible beings, it appears as a certain hatred, a state of anger, a kindling of pettiness toward that other, super-sensible world. So it may happen that, on the one side, stand those who want to have knowledge of the super-sensible worlds and, on the other, those who would know nothing of them, or who would say that objective science tells nothing about such worlds because they cannot be proved. It is the popular followers of science who deter others from approaching the Guardian of the Threshold when they say they reject super-sensible worlds by reason of their own sense of truth, their personal scientific conviction. In reality, however, it is their fear that does not let them come to the Guardian of the Threshold. The whole strength of this fear is masked behind the fight that would like to break out today in opposition to all that should come as spiritual light out of spiritual worlds into the darkness of life.
That is the representation that can be appreciated by anyone who knows the Guardian at the Threshold of spiritual existence, anyone who knows what significance super-sensible knowledge has for the whole of present-day spiritual life. The reason why you are now sitting here is that a ray of spiritual light has found its way into your souls, telling you that in all human souls super-sensible knowledge must take its hold. Because the message of this ray of spiritual light becomes ever more living, the spectators and audiences at our plays and lectures become increasingly numerous. If free play be given for the light of the spirit to speak naturally to human souls, it will then be able to stream its rays into them. But if the victory be outside with the opponents of super-sensible knowledge, then, perhaps, the light of the spirit may have for a time to be darkened; it may be obliged to withdraw; that is to say, it must be withdrawn, if I am to use such a foolish expression. Then, for awhile the world will have to go without any connection between the darkness of life and spiritual light. It is certainly necessary for those who should know something of spiritual light to learn something else again, which is to learn to observe with sincerity what is offered here in the external world by the spiritual world. Those today who still let themselves be blinded by all that is said for and against super-sensible knowledge, those who do not seek in their own souls the sure impulse that can only come from super-sensible worlds, will never be able to find this impulse.
As I have often said, what we have at present in the way of literature, what has been permitted to be given in a number of literary works by the grace of the Masters of Wisdom and of the Harmony of Feeling, contains basically what we may say has been allowed to be imparted to men by act of grace. If from this moment I could no longer either speak or write, were men only to build further upon what they already have—I myself being no longer present—if men looked for the meaning in all they have been given, they would find all that is needed.
If now at the close of these lectures, I may be permitted to speak of the connection of personal karma with the karma of this spiritual movement, we have here the possibility that, in a certain respect, all that has come into the world as objective occultism—not as the “Steiner way of thought,” for there is no such thing, but as objective occultism—can never be extinguished. No matter how much opposition may arise, it cannot mean the extinction of occultism for the future; what is here will remain. I can see proof of this in the need of our age for a spiritual movement, and in the fact that a short space of time has been granted for this spiritual treasure to be brought down into the physical world through the grace of our spiritual Guardian. So let opponents come! What is necessary may be done through their very opposition! Many people who today willingly receive the spiritual treasure of anthroposophy and are made happy by it, in face of what they should be seeing at the present time, are quite oblivious of it; in fact, they have their night-caps on! Many do not feel themselves bound to the truth, to distinguishing what should be the sole truth. Perhaps by a little harmless persecution, some of those who have their night-caps down, not only over their heads but right over their eyes and ears, will be induced to take them off. Perhaps even that may be necessary.
Yet, however things may go, now that we have reached the end of these lectures from which so much that is in truth vexatious has come to us and has been forced on us out of necessity, let us now, as usual, remember that once again we have received something from the spiritual life.
Now we are going on our several ways, one here, one there, but the light of the spirit for which we are striving and seeking in our darkness, will enable us to be together no matter where we are nor how far we may be separated in space. May the souls present here feel this communion when afterwards they meditate upon what they have heard or when they live over again the mutual love that has been shown. We have been together physically, but this will not always be so. We are together super-sensibly. Let us learn so to be together super-sensibly, that we may bear forcible witness to the existence of the super-sensible, of the super-physical world! If after having been so long together we can take such feelings away with us, our souls will then be taking with them the best that anthroposophy can give to man the love that proceeds from spiritual truth itself. If between now and the occasion when we hope to be together again, something may happen to prevent it, nevertheless one thing is always possible, that through this separation in space our being together physically may be transformed into true spiritual communion, so that in us the spiritual treasure may work and live and prosper. We have had among us men of the most varied shades of thought, but men of whose presence we are always glad even when they bring contrary opinions into our midst. It is not a matter of opinion or of contrary opinion, but rather of an honest and sincere sense of truth, and of, I would say, pledging ourselves here in sensory existence to truthfulness and honesty. Do not regard my saying this as something that must necessarily follow from the subject of these lectures. But the essential is that we should have been able in many spheres to experience the search for truth in our time.
In whatever way we may be assembled next year, and however things may turn out, let us grasp the reunion of this year as the seed of something of which, no matter what may perhaps be ahead of us, we can never be deprived. At this time I would appeal to all that your souls can feel out of spontaneous inner experience, as an echo, when you look back to these days in Munich. In farewell, I heartily greet the individual soul of each friend, looking forward to a further meeting in the sense in which those who have learned to know and therefore to love each other will always find themselves together in due season, and will always meet again.
Siebenter Vortrag
Die gestrige Betrachtung konnten wir damit schließen, daß ein Hinweis gegeben wurde auf die Stellung des einzelnen Menschen zu dem, was Beschreibung der übersinnlichen Welt genannt werden kann, was aus den Forschungen, aus den Beobachtungen, aus den Erlebnissen der Initiation kommt. Und es ist darauf aufmerksam gemacht worden, daß sehr leicht das Urteil zustande kommen könnte, ein Wert und eine Bedeutung für das Seelenleben mit den Ergebnissen der Initiation könnte doch eigentlich nur für denjenigen verbunden sein, der selber die ersten Schritte zur Initiation gemacht hat und imstande ist, durch eigenes Schauen in das Erleben, in die Beobachtung der höheren Welten hineinzudringen. Es ist schon öfter betont worden, daß dies nicht so ist, daß man allerdings nur dann anschauen, beobachten, erkunden und erforschen kann, was in den höheren Welten vorgeht, wenn man das eigene Selbst, die eigene Seele so umgestaltet hat, daß man in jene anderen Welten hineinblicken kann, die zwar ganz anders sind als unser Sinnensein, die aber mit unserem Sinnensein - wie gestern erwähnt worden ist doch in dieser oder jener Beziehung zusammenhängen, vor allem aber als seine Grundlage anzusehen sind. Was dagegen das Begreifen, das Verstehen dieser anderen Welten betrifft, so wäre es ein falsches Urteil, wenn man behaupten wollte, zu dem Verstehen, zu dem Begreifen, zu dem Entgegennehmen dessen, was derjenige geben kann, der die ersten oder die weiteren Schritte zur Initiation gemacht hat, gehöre selber Erleben. Vielmehr muß immer wieder und wieder betont werden, daß jeder Mensch, der nur unbefangen sich dem hingibt, was von den eigentlichen Geistesforschern in den übersinnlichen Welten erkundet wird, der unbefangen ihre Beschreibungen, Erfahrungen und Mitteilungen aufnimmt und wirklich unbefangenes Urteil, unbefangene Verstandestätigkeit walten läßt, alles, was ihm gegeben werden kann, auch begreifen kann. Für das Sinnensein sind wir in einem ganz anderen Fall. Es ist durchaus berechtigt zu sagen, daß kaum ein Mensch aus einer Beschreibung heraus begreifen wird, was die Sixtinische Madonna ist oder was eine ferne, fremde Landschaft ist. Man wird sich, wenn man eine lebendige Phantasie hat, aus einer solchen Beschreibung eine Vorstellung bilden können, aber berechtigt bleibt doch der Ausspruch, daß der erst das, was im Sinnensein ist, begreift, der selbst zum Anschauen kommen kann, so daß für das Sinnensein das Begreifen dem Anschauen nachfolgen muß. Das ist für die höheren Welten durchaus nicht so. Da kann durch die Forscher, was sie erkunden, aus den höheren Welten herausgeholt werden, kann in die Formen und Begriffe menschl:cher Ideen gebracht werden und so der Welt gegeben werden. Da kann man dann selbstverständlich in matertalistischen oder sonstigen Dogmen befangen sein, oder man kann überhaupt keinen Willen haben zur unbefangenen Hingabe an das, was da mitgeteilt wird; dann wird man es nicht begreifen. Es kann durchaus sein, daß man gar keine Schuld daran hat, daß man es nicht begreifen kann, weil einem das bisherige Leben und die bisherige Erziehung nicht die Möglichkeit gegeben haben, sich unbefangen diesen Dingen hinzugeben. Aber jeder, der in der Lage ist, sich diesen Dingen unbefangen hinzugeben, unbefangen alles zusammenzuhalten, was gesunde Vernunft und gesundes Urteil gibt, wird sich zuletzt sagen: wenn auch die Dinge zuerst noch so unglaublich scheinen, gerade gesundes, umfassendes und allseitiges Denken führt zum Begreifen derselben, wenn man auch noch nicht das Allergeringste aus den höheren Welten zu schauen vermag.
Wie ich Ihnen in diesen Tagen mitteilen konnte, daß der, welcher zu einem Schauen der geistigen Welt kommt, in seinem Innensein die Abbilder dessen trägt, was er selbst in seinem Innern hat, ja, zuerst geführt wird durch das, was er in sich zuerst als Bilder hat, so ist es mit dem Begreifen der Dinge der übersinnlichen Welten: das Begreifen geht dem Schauen voran und ist in keiner Weise beeinflußt vom Schauen, noch beeinflußt es selbst das Schauen. Das vorherige Begreifen braucht nicht im geringsten Maße zu beeinflussen, was den Menschen dann zum völlig unbefangenen, wahrheitsgetreuen Schauen bringt. Ein vorheriges Begreifen, ein Erfassen mit allseitiger Urteilskraft - zu dem allerdings unsere Zeit in den weitesten Kreisen durchaus keine Neigung hat - wird dagegen die Seele, das Gemüt vorbereiten, um auch in der entsprechenden Art in das Schauen eintreten zu können. Daher muß immer wieder und wieder gesagt werden: Wahrer Okkultismus, wahre Geisteswissenschaft, die es ernst und ehrlich meint, wird sich niemals zurückziehen vor der Aufforderung, man begreife, man verstehe unbefangen das, was gesagt ist. Man suche darin einzudringen mit dem gesunden Menschenverstand, mit der sich in alle Gebiete frei ergießenden Urteilskraft, und man wird es können. Mancherlei über diese Sachen finden Sie in der Schrift «Ein Weg zur Selbsterkenntnis des Menschen», in der manches zur Ergänzung dieser Vorträge enthalten sein wird. Aber insbesondere soll es erwähnt werden, daß ein Bedeutendes beigetragen werden kann zur Läuterung, zur Reinigung der Seele, wenn vor allen Dingen diejenigen, welche den Weg zur Geisteswissenschaft aus dem Lebensdunkel heraus suchen, objektiv zu verstehen, objektiv zu begreifen versuchen mit dem, was jedem Menschen, wenn er nur will, als eine gesunde Urteilskraft zur Verfügung stehen kann. Dieser Weg des gesunden Begreifens, des Ablehnens einer jeglichen Autorität und eines jeglichen Autoritätenglaubens gewinnt noch dazu ein besonderes Licht, wenn man eingeht auf gewisse Feinheiten der okkulten Beobachtung.
Aus dem ganzen Sinn und Geist dieser Vorträge ist ja hervorgegangen, daß es sich bei den Schritten, die zur Initiation gemacht werden, immer mehr und mehr für jeden Menschen darum handelt, daß er unabhängig wird in seinem Erleben von dem, wozu ihm sein physischer Leib als Werkzeug dienen kann, daß er zu erleben lernt in seinen höheren Leibern, in seinem elementarischen oder ätherischen Leibe, in seinem astralischen Leibe, auch in dem, was man seinen Ich- oder Gedankenleib nennen kann. Auf dieses Sich-Fähigmachen, um in seinen höheren Leibern wahrzunehmen, kommt es insbesondere bei allen Schritten der Initiation an. Dabei ist es aber notwendig, daß der Mensch etwas dazu tut, um sich freizumachen vom sinnlich-physischen Leibe, daß er bewußt alles dasjenige von sich abstreift, von sich abzieht, was ihn so mit der Welt in Zusammenhang hält, wie dieser Zusammenhang sich nur durch das Werkzeug des physischen Leibes ergibt. Das ist natürlich namentlich in einem Zeitalter, das so materialistisch ist wie das heutige, nicht für alle Menschen möglich, besonders für die, welche sich heute auch ein Urteil über die Weltenrätsel, über die Weltenerscheinungen zuschreiben, und die durch die sonderbare heutige Erziehungsweise zu dem Glauben verzogen werden, daß man in frühester Jugend schon ein umfassendes Urteil - nicht bloß ein Streben - über die Welterscheinungen gewinnen könne. Warum wird heute durch unreife, durch rein aus der Leidenschaft und Emotion herausgeborene Urteile in der Welt soviel Unheil angerichtet? Wenn man die Welterscheinungen überschaut, dann sieht man, daß der Druckmarkt mit den unreifsten Dingen überschwemmt wird, die aus nichts anderem herausgeboren sind als aus Sympathien und Antipathien. Warum das? Man kann die Frage aufwerfen: Hat es nicht früher auch Menschen gegeben, die den reinen Errungenschaften übersinnlicher Forschung mit Haß und Abscheu aus ihrem Lebensdunkel heraus gegenüberstanden wie in unserer Zeit? Hat es nicht Dunkelmänner gegeben, wie es die heutigen Materialisten sind, die alle möglichen Mittel, welche Haß, Unwissenheit und Finsternis eingeben, anwandten? Ja, die hat es immer gegeben. Aber in der Weise, wie sie heute wirken, haben sie nicht gewirkt. Warum nicht? Solche Dinge muß man sich auch manchmal ins Gewissen schreiben. Die Menschen waren da, die die höheren Welten und unbefangenes Eindringen in diese Welten gehaßt haben, weil eben das unbefangene Eindringen in die höheren Welten zuweilen für die Menschen recht unangenehme Tatsachen zutage bringt. Aber diese Menschen haben oftmals nicht schreiben und lesen gekonnt. Ihr Bildungsniveau entsprach dem Nichtschreiben- und Nichtlesenkönnen. Heute müssen die, welche so denken, vermöge ihrer Bildung schreiben und lesen können, und das große Publikum hat kein Unterscheidungsvermögen, um das, was auf dem Büchermarkt erscheint, wirklich richtig auffassen zu können, und es ist auch nicht viel Wille vorhanden zu einem solchen Unterscheidungsvermögen, um erkennen zu können, daß hier sichtend und klärend das Urteil einer okkultistisch-geisteswissenschaftlichen Bewegung in unserer Zeit eingreifen muß. Man wird da manches lernen müssen, was den Menschen hart ist zu lernen. Einfach aus den Tatsachen, die sich aus der übersinnlichen Welt heraus ergeben, wird man manches lernen müssen.
So wird man zum Beispiel lernen müssen, daß - auch dann, wenn man in die höheren Welten eindringt durch gewisse partielle Schulung oder Zubereitung seines seelischen und sonstigen Organismus — noch mancherlei zurückbleiben kann in bezug auf jenen Zusammenhang mit der Außenwelt, der nur auf dem Umwege durch den physisch-sinnlichen Leib zustande kommt. Alles, was so in einem geistigen Schauer, wenn man die Grenze überschritten hat, die zwischen dem Sinnensein und dem Geistessein so fest gezogen ist, von gewissen berechtigten Schwächen des Sinnenseins zurückbleibt, hüllt uns in Finsternis und Maja, wenn wir es erleben beim höheren geistigen Schauen. Nur wer unablässig mit sich zu Rate geht, wie er das, was er im Sinnensein haben muß, weil er ein Wesen der Sinneswelt ist, für jene Zeiten, da er geistig schauen muß, völlig ausschalten kann, und wie er es dazu bringen kann, daf beim geistigen Schauen nichts von dem hereinspielt, was ihn in der Sinneswelt umgibt, nur der kann wirklich rein und majalos die geistige übersinnliche Welt schauen.
Nehmen wir einen bestimmten Fall, ohne daß dabei auf irgend etwas angespielt werden soll. Irgend jemand, der die Schritte zur Initiation durchmachen will oder schon durchgemacht hat, habe ein persönliches, auf unmittelbare persönliche Gefühle, persönliche Emotionen beruhendes Verhältnis zu einem anderen Menschen. Nehmen wir an, in einem solchen Verhältnis eines geistigen Erschauers, eines erst zu Initiierenden oder schon mit gewissen Schritten der Initiation Ausgestatteten wäre es so, daß er von Mensch zu Mensch ein bestimmtes persönliches Verhältnis hätte, ein Verhältnis, das auf Zuneigung beruht, auf solcher Zuneigung, welche im Sinnensein geschlossen wird, sagen wir auf einer zutraulichen Liebe, die im Sinnensein erwacht, die von Leib zu Leib spielt - im höheren Sinne, nicht nur im niederen Sinne, denke ich dabei. Nehmen wir an, so etwas wäre vorhanden und ein solcher geistiger Schauer würde nun etwas erforschen wollen von der Persönlichkeit, zu der er eine persönliche Zuneigung hat, die sich im Sinnensein gebildet hat, und nehmen wir an, er wäre nicht in der Lage, alles von sich abzustreifen, was von im Sinnensein erschaffener Liebe zu der betreffenden Persönlichkeit da ist, dann ist es fast ganz unmöglich, die Wahrheit in bezug auf das übersinnliche Sein einer solchen Persönlichkeit zu erfahren. Oh, es ist notwendig, auf Schritt und Tritt zu versuchen - und wenn man noch so sehr liebt und noch so sehr persönliche Zuneigung hat im Sinnensein -, alles abzustreifen für die Zeiten, wo man das übersinnliche Dasein betrachten will. Es ist möglich, daß man eine solche persönliche Zuneigung hat und nicht abstreift, daß man in der Weise, wie es im Sinnensein ist, die betreffende Persönlichkeit gern hat. Dann stellen sich einem solchen geistigen Schauer zum Beispiel über Vergangenheit und Zukunft dieser Persönlichkeit Bilder vor Augen, die unter allen Umständen falsch sein müssen, dann kann eine ganze Fülle von Maja auftauchen. Darum kann der, welcher es ernst und verantwortungsvoll mit dem nimmt, was der Welt auf dem Felde geistiger Weisheit gegeben werden soll, nicht vorsichtig genug sein, vor allen Dingen etwas der Welt zu verkünden, was im Umkreise des Familiären, des unmittelbar Bekannten stattfindet. Man kann sich überall sichern in der Weise, daß, wenn auf okkulte Ergebnisse hingewiesen wird, die sich auf etwas beziehen, das den unmittelbar persönlichen Umkreis des Untersuchers betrifft, diese im höchsten Maße demjenigen zweifelhaft erscheinen sollten, der sie entgegennehmen soll.
Das ist nicht etwas, was mit Anspielung auf diese oder jene Tatsache gesagt werden soll, sondern was gesagt werden soll, weil es eine objektive Tatsache für jeden Okkultisten ist. Damit hängen aber Dinge zusammen, welche durchaus, man möchte sagen, in höhere Gebiete hinaufspielen. Damit hängt zusammen, daß der, welcher in den übersinnlichen Welten forschen will, wenig geeignet ist, eine gewisse Grundvorstellung richtiger Art in bezug auf religiöse Fragen zu erhalten, wenn er mit seinen Vorurteilen, mit seinen persönliichen Gefühlen irgendeiner besonderen Religionsgemeinschaft zugetan ist, wenn er eine Religionsgemeinschaft mehr liebt als die andere oder sich gar zum propagandistischen Träger einer Religionsgemeinschaft macht. Wer zur persönlichen Propaganda neigt, kann nicht zugleich objektiver Okkultist sein! Das ist ein Satz, der auch einmal in aller Schärfe ausgesprochen werden muß. Es sind Bedingungen da, die wir mit unserem Karma der abendländischen Kultur in Zusammenhang bringen dürfen, Bedingungen, welche es in einer gewissen Weise dem Abendländer, wenn er sich ein wenig bekannt macht mit den Grundanforderungen des übersinnlichen Lebens, doch nicht gar zu schwer machen, ein objektives Urteil zu gewinnen gerade über die Hineinstellung des größten Ereignisses in die Menschheitsevolution, das wir das Mysterium von Golgatha nennen. Wodurch kommt denn in das religiöse Leben und in seine Auffassung so manches Lebensdunkel hinein? Wodurch kommt das hinein, was nur mit dem Augenblick zu tun haben will und sich nicht zu Geisteslicht und Ewigkeit gerade im religiösen Leben erheben will’ Das kommt davon her, weil mit alledem, was menschliche Egoismen sind - und nun nicht bloß Egoismen der einzelnen, sondern auch Egoismen der Stämme, der Rassen, der Völker -, dasjenige innig zusammenhängt, was sich auf das religiöse Leben bezieht. Von diesem Gesichtspunkte aus möchte ich Sie auf eine Erscheinung aufmerksam machen, denn notwendig ist es, daß man diese Dinge völlig unbefangen betrachtet.
Welche Rolle spielt das religiöse Leben bei einem Orientalen in bezug auf seinen Religionsstifter, wenn er den Zusammenhang seiner Rassen- oder nationalen Evolution in Betracht zieht? Untersuchen Sie einmal, ob ein Orientale oder irgendein Nichtabendländer so leicht geschichtlich denken kann über den geschichtlichen Verlauf, in den er hineingestellt ist, ohne dieses geschichtliche Leben anzuknüpfen an Krishna, Buddha, Mahomet, Konfuzius oder dergleichen? Überall sehen wir ganz selbstverständlich das, was im religiösen Leben sich abspielt, mit dem verbunden, was im profanen äußeren Leben geschieht und in den Gemütern der Leute fließt. Man kann sich eine Geschichtsschreibung eines Buddhisten zum Beispiel nicht denken, ohne daß er in den Mittelpunkt derselben den Buddha stellt. Das sei nicht als eine Kritik gesagt, sondern weil es für diese Menschen richtig ist, die solchen Kulturentwickelungen angehören. Jetzt gehen wir ins Abendland und sehen nicht auf Dogmen, sondern auf Tatsachen. Ich greife heraus einen anerkannten Geschichtsschreiber des Abendlandes: Leopold von Ranke, der in aller Welt bekannt ist durch seine Objektivität, seine ruhige Würdigung, seine ganz besondere Art, sich objektiv zu den Dingen zu stellen. Ranke hat manches Kapitel der geschichtlichen Entwickelung geschrieben. Doch von Ranke ist etwas sehr Merkwürdiges bekannt geworden. Einem Freunde gegenüber hat er sich darüber geäußert, daß er doch den geschichtlichen Verlauf so dargestellt hat, daß er nirgends in Betracht zieht den Christus und die Tatsachen, die sich unmittelbar an den Christus anschließen! Ranke hat sich bemüht, durch seine Objektivität eine Geschichte des Abendlandes zu schreiben, ohne daß er den Christus hat hineinspielen lassen. Und es hat ihm manche schwere Gewissenspein im Alter gemacht, daß er sich sagen mußte: Ja, wenn nun doch in das Geschehen jene Taten hineinfließen würden, über die keine Dokumente und Urkunden vorhanden sind, ist dann diese Geschichte wahr? - Nicht darum soll das hier angeführt werden, um auseinanderzusetzen, ob sie wahr oder falsch ist - denn ich halte sie in hohem Maße für berechtigt -, sondern weil es eine der besten Geschichten eines der anerkannten Geschichtsschreiber im Abendlande gibt, die Geschichte so geschrieben haben, daß man den Christus herausgelassen hat, daß man den Christus nicht in die Historie mit hineingenommen hat. Das ist eine fundamental wichtige, eine bedeutsame Tatsache! Wohin hat die abendländische Kultur geführt? Die abendländische Entwickelung hat dazu geführt, daß hier nicht immer zu einem Wesen aufgeschaut wird, das wie eine Mittelpunktfigur der ganzen Geschichte dastehen würde, wenn man daran anknüpfen würde. Wissenschaft hat nicht dazu geführt! Warum kam das? Beleuchten wir diese Tatsache von einem anderen Gesichtspunkt aus.
Wo haben die großen Religionsstifter gelebt, welche die großen Initiierten waren, die ihren Völkern aus ihren Völkersubstanzen heraus das gaben, was sie brauchten? Ist es denkbar, daß zum Beispiel Hermes aus einer anderen Volkssubstanz heraus auf seine Epoche gewirkt hätte, oder ist es denkbar, daß Buddha in einer anderen Weise gewirkt hätte als aus der Rasseneigentümlichkeit heraus, in die er hineingestellt war und in diese Rasseneigentümlichkeit hinein seine Kräfte gesendet hat? Und jetzt wenden wir den Blick zu dem, den wir keinen Initiierten nennen, sondern den wir kennen als die Persönlichkeit, auf welche die Welten-Initiation, die kosmische Initiation gewirkt hat. Gehört er irgendeinem Volke an? - In einem unbekannten Winkel der Welt, fern der großen Reiche, ist er geboren. Da spielten sich die Ereignisse ab. Und da man die Evangelien wie die anderen Urkunden des Neuen Testamentes als historische Urkunden bezweifeln kann, so kann man sagen: Von allen diesen Ereignissen wird nichts bezeugt durch irgendein historisches Dokument. Und die, welche sich zu ihm als seine Jünger und Schüler gefunden haben, haben sich zu ihm gewendet ohne Unterschied von Stamm, Rasse, Geschlecht und so weiter. So ist der Unterschied! Während sich vorher die Völker zu ihren Rassen-Initiierten gewendet haben, haben sie sich hier zu einem gewendet, der keinem Volke angehört - ja, der sogar gerade seine größten Kulturtaten bei einem Volke verrichtet hat, bei dem er nicht gelebt hat. Das ist der große Fortschritt aus dem Lebensdunkel zum Geisteslicht, den man nicht verkennen sollte, wenn man es ehrlich meint mit der Evolution der Menschheit. Das sind Dinge, die durchaus in Betracht kommen, Dinge, auf welche diejenige Wissenschaft kräftig hinzuweisen hat, die aus der wirklichen Betrachtung der übersinnlichen Welten entnommen werden kann.
Aus mancherlei von dem, was ich Ihnen sagen durfte, sehen Sie, daß es darauf ankommt, etwas von jenem Urteil zu verstehen, das des Johannes Thomasius Doppelgänger sagt - im «Hüter der Schwelle» -: Das Denken hat eine läuternde Kraft. Diese läuternde Kraft des Denkens wirkt aber auch so, daß sie wirklich aus dem Lebensdunkel in das Geisteslicht herausführt, daß sie wirklich von dem Augenblick zur Ewigkeit hinwegführt. Man will nur nicht gern dem Denken seine läuternde Kraft zugestehen. Denn es ist etwas Eigentümliches um die okkulte Natur dieses Denkens. Eine materialistische Wissenschaft glaubt, daß der Mensch etwa mit seinem Gehirn denke. Er denkt nicht mit seinem Gehirn; das ist einfach ein Irrtum. Und wenn Sie den ganzen Sinn dessen kennenlernen, was in der Schrift «Ein Weg zur Selbsterkenntnis des Menschen» gesagt ist, so werden Sie auch begreifen, daß der Vorgang des Denkens, die Tätigkeit des Denkens, die Verbindung und Lösung von Ideen nicht im physischen Leibe abläuft, sondern im ätherischen oder elementarischen Leibe. In Wahrheit denkt auch der Mensch, der im gewöhnlichen Leben steht, mit seinem elementarischen oder ätherischen Leibe, nur bewirkt das Stehen im gewöhnlichen Leben, daß der Mensch kein Wissen haben kann von jener Tätigkeit, die in ihm vorgeht, wenn er denkt, aber nur im ätherischen Leibe vorgeht. Im Grunde genommen denkt der Mensch fortwährend, und fortwährend ist der ätherische Leib in Bewegung, und diese Bewegung bedeutet denken. Aber was kommt von alledem zum Bewußtsein, was so im ätherischen Leibe vorgeht? Es kommt nur das zum Bewußtsein, was davon gespiegelt wird. Sie müssen sich ein gewisses Verhältnis des elementarischen Leibes zum physischen Leibe in folgender Art vorstellen.
Nehmen Sie an, Sie gingen in diesem Saale längs dieser Fensterreihe entlang. Nun denken Sie sich, überall an den Wänden zwischen den Fenstern hingen Spiegel. Indem Sie an jedem Spiegel vorbeigehen, zum Beispiel dreimal, sehen Sie Ihr Antlitz; wo kein Spiegel ist, sehen Sie von Ihrem Antlitz nichts. Wenn Sie wieder weitergehen zum nächsten Spiegel, sehen Sie es wieder. Da ist wieder ein Spiegel, der wirft Ihnen das Bild Ihres Antlitzes zurück. Ihr Antlitz ist immer vorhanden auf dem ganzen Wege, aber Sie sehen es nur, wenn es sich spiegelt. Der Ätherleib ist in fortwährendem Gedankenfluß. Aber wann nur wird dieser Gedankenfluß Wahrnehmung? Wenn das, was im physischen Leibe ist, das Gehirn, dasjenige spiegelt, was im ätherischen Leibe vorgeht. Was sonst immer da ist und wovon der Mensch gewöhnlich nichts weiß, das wird gespiegelt vom Gehirn, das wie ein Spiegelungsapparat aufzufassen ist. Und in all den Fällen, wo das Leben gespiegelt wird, wird es bewußt. Daher muß der physische Leib da sein, damit der ätherische Leib, der eigentlich denkt, von seinem Denken etwas wissen kann. Aber es denkt nicht das Gehirn, und es denkt nicht der physische Leib. Sowenig als das, was im Spiegel erscheint, Sie sind, so wenig ist das, was der Mensch wahrnimmt im Gehirn, sein Denken, denn dieses Denken sitzt im elementarischen oder ätherischen Leibe. Und wenn der Mensch die ersten Schritte zur Initiation machen will, ist es im Grunde genommen so, wie wenn Sie vor der Spiegelung überall vorbeigingen und versuchten in sich selbst zu sein - und dann fähig würden zu empfinden, wie Ihre Form ist, so daß Sie sich dann von innen heraus wahrnehmen würden.
So ist das Hinaufrücken vom Sinnensein zum Geistessein. Während der Mensch sonst nur das wahrnehmen kann, was in seinem Spiegelungsapparat vorgeht, was er als die Spiegelung in seinem Gehirn sieht, kommt er durch die Initiation zum direkten Erleben und Erfühlen im elementarischen Leibe. Wenn er aber zu diesem inneren Erleben und Erfühlen kommt, dann kommt er zum Beispiel mit einer ganz anderen Welt in Berührung: mit der Welt des Wesenhaften. Dann erweitert sich sein Sein, sein Erleben, sein Erfühlen über die objektive Welt hinüber. Aber was er dann erlebt, ist eine Welt geistigen Seins, das ist eine Welt, die er in bezug auf den Umfang des Erlebten auch im Sinnensein erleben kann. Aber da erst kann er dann hinaufsteigen, um im geistigen Sein etwas zu erfassen von dem, dessen Abbild nur im Sinnenbilde vorhanden ist. Und dann kann er begreifen, daß die Impulse der Initiierten nicht bloß aus dem Erdenwissen geflossen sind, sondern daf) den großen Initiierten die größten Impulse, die moralischen Impulse und so weiter deshalb zukommen und mit so gewaltiger Kraft wirken, weil sie das, was sie haben, nicht bloß von der Erde nehmen, sondern von dem mitnehmen, was über die Erde hinausgeht. Denn sobald man über die Erde hinauskommt, kommt man auch zu dem, was mit dem Erdensein über die Erde hinaus verbunden ist. Und kommt man durch die Initiation vom Erdensein zum kosmischen Sein, dann kommt man dazu, daß, wenn man einen Initiierten wie zum Beispiel Buddha von diesem Gesichtspunkte aus studiert, man sagt: Er hat in vielen Inkarnationen als Bodhisattva auf der Erde gelebt. Und wer in dieser Beziehung den Buddhismus verstehen gelernt hat, der ist notwendigerweise ebenso gläubig wie ein Buddhist und weiß, daß in der Persönlichkeit des Gotama Buddha diese Individualität zum letzten Male in einem physischen Leibe lebte, in dieser Inkarnation aber der «Buddha» wurde und dann hinaufgestiegen ist in die geistigen Welten zum geistigen Wirken, so daß der geistige Blick hingelenkt werden kann auf den Übergang der Buddha-Individualität vom Erdensein zum Geistessein, zu Zusammenhängen mit dem Geistessein. Und wenn man nun diese Individualität zurückverfolgt, so sieht man zwar, wie der Bodhisattva durch viele Inkarnationen geht, aber man kommt dann in eine frühere Zeit zurück, für welche man nicht mehr sagen kann: Wir haben es mit einer Individualität zu tun, die auf der Erde lebt. Denn da muß man sie auf einem früheren Wohnplatz verfolgen, und es stellt sich die Wandlung dieser eigenartigen Individualität so dar, daß sie hinauswächst über das Erdendasein. Wir sehen den Buddha zu einer bestimmten Zeit herabkommen von einem anderen Planeten unseres Sonnensystems, wo er vorher gewirkt hat, sehen ihn dort wirken und sich für seine Erdenlaufbahn vorbereiten. Wir verfolgen ihn dann als Bodhisattva und zuletzt als Buddha während seiner irdischen Laufbahn weiter bis zu dem Punkt, da er aus dem Bodhisattva ein Buddha geworden ist, und finden, daß sein Wirken während der Erdeninkarnationen allerdings mit der Erde zusammengewachsen war, daß er aber in ein großes kosmisches Ganzes hineinwächst. Wir sehen ihn hinaufsteigen zu einem anderen Planeten unseres Planetensystems, zum Mars, und dort eine neue Mission unternehmen, die sich anschließt an das, was seine Erdenmission war. Und wunderbar ist es zu verfolgen, wie sich auf diese Weise ein Ganzes herausstellt. Zuerst sehen wir den Buddha wirksam auf einem anderen Planeten, dann kommt er auf die Erde, und man muß sagen: Diese Individualität des Initiierten Gotama Buddha wirkte eine Weile auf der Erde, dann aber, wenn man sie weiter verfolgen will, muß man zu einem anderen Planeten hinaufsteigen. So bekommt man eine geschlossene Linie. Für Buddha ist es möglich zu sagen, daß er von einem anderen Planeten heruntergestiegen ist, und daß er nach seinem Wirken auf der Erde wieder hinaufgestiegen ist zu einem anderen Planeten, dessen Bevölkerung für die Erdenmenschheit wenig Sinn hat, um dort weiterzuwirken, weil dieses Weiterwirken gerade einen Sinn ergibt.
So würde man bei vielen Inituerten finden, wie sie aus dem Kosmos das hereintragen, was bei der Erde selbst mit dem Kosmischen in Zusammenhang steht, und man würde dadurch die kosmische Wandlung der Initiierten ins Auge fassen. Wenn man überall den Dingen auf den Grund zu kommen versucht, dann sieht man zum Beispiel auch etwas, was uns das Lebensdunkel aus einer wirklichen okkulten Betrachtung heraus aufhellt.
Es ist sonderbar, wenn manchmal die Frage aufgeworfen wird: Ist es nicht ungerecht, daß eine solche Individualität wie der Christus etwas Besonderes in die Welt gebracht hat? Und wenn das der Fall ist - so möchten manche sagen -, dann würden ja die, welche nach dem Christus gelebt haben, etwas ganz Besonderes vor der Welt voraus haben! Sogar Theosophen haben diese Frage aufgeworfen! Aber es sind ja dieselben Seelen, welche in der Zeit nach der Erscheinung des Christus leben, wie die, welche vorher da waren, so daß von Ungerechtigkeit dabei nicht die Rede sein kann. Nur eine Ausnahme ist in dieser Beziehung zu verzeichnen, und eine solche scheint der Buddha zu sein. Er hat eine Inkarnation durchgemacht, die in der vorchristlichen Zeit verlaufen war, hat also nicht auf irgendeine Art mitgemacht, was durch das Ereignis von Golgatha auf die Erde gekommen ist. Wenn wir nun dem dort nachgehen, wo sich uns ein Dunkel ergibt, wo wir nicht verstehen können, wie doch eine Seele in einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt Abschied nimmt von der Erde, auf der Erde nicht miterlebt das Mysterium von Golgatha - wer meine früheren Vorträge gehört hat, wird wissen, daß der Buddha es in anderen Welten miterlebte, aber es handelt sich hier um das irdische Miterleben -, wenn wir uns das alles vor die Seelenaugen halten und dem nachgehen, dann stellt sich heraus, daß der Buddha auf den Planeten, wo er in seiner vorirdischen planetarischen Tätigkeit gewirkt hat, von der Zentralindividualität des ganzen Planetensystems geschickt war, von dem Mittelpunktsgeist, von dem, was wir den kosmischen Christus nennen. In uralten Zeiten war der Buddha ausgesendet worden, um auf einem anderen Planeten zu wirken, um dann - infolge dieses Wirkens - auf der Erde zu wirken. Und während die Erde der Planet ist, der zum Schauplatz des Mysteriums von Golgatha geworden ist, ist Mars der Planet, auf dem der Buddha ein ähnliches Ereignis zu vollbringen hatte nach dem, was er auf der Erde zu wirken hatte.
Diese Dinge liegen scheinbar weitab und scheinen dem zu widersprechen, wenn gesagt wird, man könne mit dem gesunden Menschenverstand das begreifen, was aus der Initiation herausgeholt wird. Man soll aber nur einmal alles zusammennehmen, was die Geschichte bietet, und alle Zusammenhänge auffassen, dann wird man sehen, daß der äußere Verlauf der Geschichte eine Bestätigung alles dessen bietet. Und wenn jemand sagt, daß darin keine Bestätigung dieser Dinge liegt, so wendet er nur die gesunde Urteilskraft nicht genügend an. Das tun ja allerdings viele Menschen in unserer Zeit.
Ich wollte mit alledem, was gerade in diesem Vortragszyklus gesagt worden ist, auch davon eine Vorstellung hervorrufen und wollte schon durch die Dramen zeigen, wie in der Tat ganz anders, gewaltig und groß die Welten sind, in die wir eintreten, wenn wir die Pforte zu den übersinnlichen Welten durchschreiten, und ich wollte eine umfassendere Vorstellung davon hervorrufen, als es durch bloße Theorien und Dogmen geschehen kann. Ich wollte manches nicht bloß durch Wortcharakteristiken darstellen und beschreiben, sondern ich wollte eine Empfindung von dem hervorrufen, was hinter der Schwelle ist, wo der Hüter der Schwelle steht. Wenn jemand in unserer heutigen Zeit das Geistesleben überblickt, so geht ihm vielleicht besonders in die Seele herein, was über den Hüter der Schwelle zu sagen ist. Der Hüter steht an der Schwelle, weil die im gewöhnlichen Sinnensein drinnenstehende Menschenseele nicht reif ist zu erleben und zu erfahren, was in den übersinnlichen Welten vorgeht. Er steht zum Schutze da. Das ist ebenso wahr, wie es wahr ist, daß die in die Zukunft hinein lebende Menschenseele mehr und mehr wird erfahren müssen von den übersinnlichen Welten. Warum steht der Hüter da? Weil die Menschenseele, wenn sie unreif den Schritt in die übersinnlichen Welten hinein machen würde was niemals auf einem gerechten okkultistischen Wege geschehen kann -, sich unendlicher Furchtsamkeit, unendlichem Schrecken verfallen glauben würde, weil die Menschen aus ihrer Kleinheit, aus ihrer Unreife, aus ihrer Liebe und ihrem Hang zur Sinneswelt nicht ertragen würden, was alles mit dem Eintritt in die übersinnlichen Welten zusammenhängt. Kann man doch nicht einmal denen gegenüber, die fortgeschritten sein wollen, mit dem kommen, was Anspruch erhebt an unsere Zeit! Von der Stätte aus, von der wir bis jetzt noch die übersinnlichen Wahrheiten verkünden dürfen, mußten wir darauf hinweisen, wie ein übersinnliches Ereignis mit dem übersinnlichen Leib des Menschen im Laufe des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts eintreten wird, indem die Menschen - wie durch ein Naturereignis - den wiedererscheinenden Christus finden werden. Darauf konnten wir hinweisen. Aber dieser wiedererscheinende Christus wird nicht auf Schiffen über Meere oder in Eisenbahnen fahren, wird auch nicht im Luftballon fahren, sondern er wird im Individuellen des Menschen - in dem, was von Menschenseele zu Menschenseele geht, und je nachdem, wie die Menschenseelen selbst beschaffen sind - mit den Mitteln erkannt werden, die im Ätherischen gegeben sind. Was wir so sagen dürfen, wie die Erscheinung des wiedererscheinenden Christus sein werde, erweist es sich schwach gegenüber dem, was rein aus der übersinnlichen Welt heraus an die Menschenseele herankommen wird. Denn die Menschen lieben es, mit sinnlichen Augen zu sehen den Großen, der da kommen soll; sie lieben es, sich vorzustellen, daß er im Aeroplan fährt, daß er über die Meere fährt, lieben es, sinnlich greifen und fassen zu können den, der da kommen soll. Warum ist das? Weil es sie in Angst versetzt, wirklich mit den übersinnlichen Welten in Berührung zu kommen. Dem Okkultisten stellen sich auch solche Dinge, wie sie geschehen, als maskierte Furcht und Angst vor dem Wahren dar. Das sei ohne Emotion gesagt, nur als eine Hinstellung des Objektiven. Da wird dann der Okkultist, der den Hüter an der Grenze zwischen Sinnensein und Geistessein erkennt, merken, daß die, welche draußen im gewöhnlichen Leben stehen, es nicht fassen können, daß überhaupt ein Anfang gemacht werden soll mit dem Schreiten in die übersinnliche Welt. Denn furchtsame Persönlichkeiten sind sie im Grunde genommen alle. Ihre Furchtsamkeit ist ihnen unbekannt, aber sie maskiert sich ihnen als die besondere Art von Wahrheitssinn, als ein materialistischer Wahrheitssinn. Als ein gewisser Haß, eine Wut, ein Entbranntsein der Kleinheit gegen die andern, die übersinnlichen Welten, erscheint sie bei denen, die sich entgegenstellen der Erkenntnis der übersinnlichen Welt und der übersinnlichen Wesenheiten. So mag es kommen, daß auf der einen Seite die stehen, welche die übersinnlichen Welten erkennen wollen, und auf der anderen Seite die, welche nichts davon wissen wollen, oder die sagen werden: die objektive Wissenschaft sagt nichts von den übersinnlichen Welten, denn man kann sie nicht beweisen. Und dasselbe ist es, was auch andere Menschen abhalten wird, hinzugehen “ zu dem Hüter der Schwelle, nämlich die populären Nachtreter der Wissenschaft, welche da sagen, daß sie die übersinnlichen Welten ablehnen, weil es bei ihnen Wahrheitssinn, persönliche wissenschaftliche Überzeugung sei. Es ist aber die Furcht, die sie nicht an den Hüter der Schwelle herankommen läßt, und es ist die ganze Kraft dieser Furcht dahinein maskiert, was sich heute als ein Kampf auftun möchte gegen das Herankommen dessen, was aus den übersinnlichen Welten als das Geisteslicht gegenüber dem Lebensdunkel kommen soll. Das ist eine Vorstellung, welche der empfindet, der den Hüter an der Schwelle des Geistesseins kennt und der da weiß, welche Bedeutung die übersinnlichen Erkenntnisse für das ganze Geistesleben der Gegenwart haben.
Warum sitzen Sie hier? Weil ein Strahl des Geisteslichtes in Ihre Seele gezogen ist, der Ihnen sagt, daß übersinnliches Wissen die Menschenseele ergreifen muß. Und weil immer lebendiger und lebendiger geworden ist, was dieser Strahl des Geisteslichtes sagt, deshalb vermehrt sich die Zuschauerschaft und Zuhörerschaft bei unseren Veranstaltungen. Wird man dem natürlichen Sprechen des Geisteslichtes zu den Seelen freien Lauf lassen, so wird es einstrahlen können in die Seelen. Wird man bei den Gegnern der übersinnlichen Erkenntnis draußen siegen, dann wird sich vielleicht das Geisteslicht für eine Weile verdunkeln müssen, wird sich zurückziehen müssen, gezwungenerweise, das heißt es müßte zurückgezogen werden, um diesen törichten Ausdruck zu gebrauchen. Dann wird die Welt eine Weile den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Lebensdunkel und dem Geisteslicht entbehren müssen. Allerdings ist es auch wieder notwendig, daß die, welche etwas von dem Geisteslichte wissen sollen, noch etwas lernen: daß sie lernen, mit Wahrhaftigkeit auf dasjenige zu schauen, was schon hier in der äußeren Welt aus der geistigen Welt geboten wird. Wer sich heute noch blenden läßt von dem, was pro und contra in bezug auf übersinnliche Erkenntnis gesagt wird, wer nicht in der Seele den festen Impuls aus der übersinnlichen Welt sucht, der nur aus der übersinnlichen Welt selber kommen kann, der wird nicht diesen Impuls finden können.
Ich habe es öfter gesagt, was an Literatur nunmehr vorhanden ist, was durch die Gnade der Meister der Weisheit und des Zusammenklanges der Empfindungen in manchem Literaturwerke gegeben werden durfte, das enthält im Grunde genommen das, wovon man sagen darf, daß es in Gnade den Menschen mitgeteilt werden durfte. Und wenn ich von diesem Augenblicke an nichts weiter schreiben und sprechen könnte: wenn man nur das Vorhandene ausbaut wenn ich auch selber nicht dabei sein könnte -, wenn man sucht, was mit allem gemeint ist, so wird man finden, was man braucht. Und damit ist - wenn ich jetzt am Schlusse dieser Vorträge von dem Zusammenhange des persönlichen Karma mit dem Karma dieser Geistesbewegung sprechen darf - auch die Möglichkeit gegeben, daß in einer gewissen Beziehung das nicht mehr ausgelöscht werden kann, was - nicht als «Steinerische Richtung», denn die gibt es nicht, sondern als objektiver Okkultismus in die Welt gekommen ist. Mag noch soviel von Gegnerschaft herankommen, das kann sich nicht beziehen auf das Auslöschen des Okkultismus für die Zukunft, denn es wird doch bleiben, was da ist. Dafür sehe ich denn doch einen Beweis darin, daß unsere Zeit eine spirituelle Bewegung braucht und daß doch eine Spanne Zeit gegeben ist, wo durch die Gnade unserer spirituellen Hüter dieses Geistesgut in die Sinneswelt hat herabgebracht werden können. Mögen sich Gegner ergeben! Vielleicht wird gerade durch diese Gegnerschaft das Nötige getan! Und verzeihen Sie den Ausdruck: Gar mancher, der heute willig das theosophische Geistesgut hinnimmt, der davon beglückt ist: gegenüber dem, was er in der Gegenwart sehen sollte, ist er doch unaufmerksam, da hat er doch die Schlafmütze auf! Da verpflichtet sich mancher nicht gegenüber der Wahrheit zu der Unterscheidung, was die alleinige Wahrheit sein soll. Vielleicht wird gerade ein klein wenig Verfolgung, die auch nicht schaden kann, dazu beitragen, daß mancher,der die Schlafmütze nicht nur über den Kopf, sondern auch über Augen und Ohren gezogen hat, sie sich dann vom Kopfe herunterziehen wird. Vielleicht wird auch das notwendig sein.
Wie aber die Dinge gehen mögen: jetzt, wo wir am Ende dieses Zyklus stehen - wo so manches an uns herangetreten ist, notwendigerweise, zwangsweise herangetreten ist, was im Grunde genommen widerwärtig ist —, jetzt wollen wir, wie wir es sonst immer tun, daran denken, daß wir wieder einiges von dem spirituellen Leben aufgenommen haben. Jetzt gehen wir wieder auseinander, einer dahin, der andere dorthin, aber das Geisteslicht, nach dem wir alle streben und suchen innerhalb des Lebensdunkels, das läßt uns zusammensein überall, wo wir auch örtlich getrennt sein mögen. Die Seelen, die hier sitzen, mögen sie ihre Zusammengehörigkeit fühlen im Nacherleben, im Nachmeditieren des Gehörten oder in bezug auf das, was sich an gegenseitiger Liebe gezeigt hat, im Nachleben. Physisch waren wir zusammen, physisch werden wir nicht immer so zusammensein können. Übersinnlich sind wir zusammen. Lernen wir übersinnlich zusammensein, damit wir das Dasein der übersinnlichen, der überphysischen Welt beweiskräftig machen können! Wenn wir solche Gefühle mitnehmen, nachdem wir solange zusammen waren, dann werden die Seelen das mitnehmen, was Theosophie als das Beste den Menschen mitgeben kann: die Liebe, die aus der spirituellen Wahrheit selber herauskommt. Und wenn auch zwischen jetzt und derjenigen Gelegenheit, bei der wir wieder so zusammensein möchten, das eine oder andere geschehen mag: das kann doch geschehen unter allen Umständen, daß sich unser physisches Zusammensein in das rechte spirituelle Zusammensein bei örtlichem Auseinander verwandeln werde, damit wirke, lebe und gedeihe in uns das spirituelle Geistesgut. Wir haben doch auch Menschen der allverschiedensten Denkweisen in unserer Mitte gehabt, aber auch solche Menschen, über deren Erscheinen wir uns immer auch dann freuen, wenn sie etwa gegensätzliche Meinungen in unsere Mitte hineinbringen. Doch nicht um Meinungen und um Gegensätze der Meinungen handelt es sich, sondern um ehrliches, aufrichtiges Wahrheitsgefühl, um, man möchte sagen, ein Verschworensein zur Wahrhaftigkeit und Ehrlichkeit, zur Wahrhaftigkeit und Ehrlichkeit schon im Sinnensein. Daß ich dieses sage, betrachten Sie nicht als etwas, was notwendig erfolgen muß aus dem Thema unseres Vortragszyklus. Was aber notwendig ist, das ist, daß wir auf mancherlei Gebieten das Wahrheitssuchen in unserer Zeit, überhaupt in unserer Gegenwart, haben erleben können.
Und wozu sich im Anfange des Vortragszyklus für mich selbst weniger Gelegenheit gefunden hat, das sei hier am Ende berührt: der Dank gegenüber denjenigen Persönlichkeiten, die vor allen Dingen auch als offizielle Persönlichkeiten innerhalb unserer unoffiziellen Veranstaltungen erschienen sind. Ich kann nicht alle im einzelnen nennen. Sie haben gestern selber gehört die freundliche Einladung für den nächsten Kongreß der europäischen Sektionen der Theosophischen Gesellschaft unseres lieben Generalsekretärs der Skandinavischen Sektion, und es haben einige von Ihnen vielleicht auch die Worte des Generalsekretärs der Ungarischen Sektion vernommen. Diesen Persönlichkeiten, worauf wir besonders hinzuweisen haben, ist der Gruß schon an dem ersten Vortrage dargebracht worden, und die, welche ungenannt bleiben mußten, sollen wissen, daß sie in unseren Herzen das aufrichtigste Willkommen gefunden haben, und daß wir ihr Hiersein als eine Bekräftigung dessen auffassen, daß sie doch noch nicht der Anschauung sind, daß wir so schlimme Menschen sind, wie es jetzt beginnt in der Welt dargestellt zu werden. Wie wir also auch im nächsten Jahre beisammen sein mögen, wie sich die Dinge auch gestalten mögen, fassen wir das diesjährige Zusammensein als den Keim zu etwas auf, was uns vielleicht durch alles, was da kommen mag, doch nicht genommen werden kann. Was Ihre Seelen selber aus freiem inneren Erleben als Nachklang empfinden können, womit Sie zurückblicken auf diese Tage von München, das ist es, woran ich in diesem Augenblicke appellieren möchte, eines jeden Freundes einzelne Seele herzlich begrüßend zum Abschied und zum Wiedertreffen in dem Sinne, wie sich Leute, die sich durch Erkenntnis lieben gelernt haben, immer zusammenfinden und zur rechten Zeit immer wieder treffen müssen.
Seventh Lecture
We concluded yesterday's reflection by pointing out the position of the individual human being in relation to what can be called the description of the supersensible world, which comes from research, observation, and the experiences of initiation. And attention was drawn to the fact that it would be very easy to conclude that the results of initiation can only have value and significance for the soul life of those who have themselves taken the first steps toward initiation and are able to penetrate into the experience and observation of the higher worlds through their own seeing. It has already been emphasized several times that this is not the case, that one can only see, observe, explore, and investigate what is happening in the higher worlds if one has transformed one's own self, one's own soul, in such a way that one can look into those other worlds, which are quite different from our sensory existence but which, as was mentioned yesterday, are nevertheless connected to our sensory existence in this or that way, and above all are to be regarded as its foundation. As for comprehending and understanding these other worlds, it would be wrong to claim that personal experience is necessary in order to understand, comprehend, and receive what those who have taken the first or further steps toward initiation can give. Rather, it must be emphasized again and again that every person who is open to what is explored by genuine spiritual researchers in the supersensible worlds, who accepts their descriptions, experiences, and communications without prejudice, and who exercises truly impartial judgment and impartial intellectual activity, can also comprehend everything that can be given to them. We are in a completely different situation when it comes to sensory perception. It is perfectly justified to say that hardly anyone will understand from a description what the Sistine Madonna is or what a distant, foreign landscape is. If you have a vivid imagination, you will be able to form an idea from such a description, but it remains true that only those who can see for themselves can understand what is in the realm of the senses, so that for the senses, understanding must follow seeing. This is not at all the case in the higher worlds. There, what researchers discover can be brought out of the higher worlds, can be translated into the forms and concepts of human ideas, and thus given to the world. Of course, one can then be caught up in materialistic or other dogmas, or one can have no desire whatsoever to devote oneself impartially to what is being communicated; then one will not understand it. It may well be that one is not at fault for not being able to understand it, because one's previous life and education have not given one the opportunity to devote oneself impartially to these things. But everyone who is able to devote themselves to these things without prejudice, to hold together without prejudice everything that constitutes sound reason and sound judgment, will ultimately say to themselves: even if things seem incredible at first, it is precisely healthy, comprehensive, and all-round thinking that leads to understanding them, even if one is not yet able to see the slightest thing from the higher worlds.
As I was able to tell you recently, those who come to see the spiritual world carry within themselves images of what they themselves have within, and are initially guided by the images they first have within themselves. The same is true of understanding the things of the supersensible worlds: understanding precedes seeing and is in no way influenced by seeing, nor does it itself influence seeing. Prior understanding need not influence in the least what then leads the person to completely unbiased, truthful seeing. Prior comprehension, a grasping with all-round power of judgment—to which, however, our age in the widest circles has absolutely no inclination—will, on the contrary, prepare the soul, the mind, to be able to enter into seeing in the appropriate manner. Therefore, it must be said again and again: true occultism, true spiritual science that is serious and honest, will never shy away from the challenge to understand what is said with an open mind. Seek to penetrate it with common sense, with the power of judgment that flows freely into all areas, and you will be able to do so. You will find much about these things in the book “A Path to Self-Knowledge,” which will contain much to supplement these lectures. But it should be mentioned in particular that a significant contribution can be made to the purification of the soul if, above all, those who seek the path to spiritual science out of the darkness of life try to understand objectively, to grasp objectively, with what is available to every human being, if only they will it, as a healthy power of judgment. This path of healthy understanding, of rejecting all authority and all belief in authority, gains a special light when one enters into certain subtleties of occult observation.
The whole meaning and spirit of these lectures has shown that the steps taken toward initiation are increasingly about each person becoming independent in their experience from what their physical body can serve as a tool for, learning to experience in their higher bodies, in their elemental or etheric body, in their astral body, and also in what can be called the ego or thought body. This ability to perceive in one's higher bodies is particularly important in all stages of initiation. However, it is necessary for the human being to do something to free himself from the sensory-physical body, to consciously strip away from himself everything that keeps him connected to the world in the way that this connection arises solely through the instrument of the physical body. Of course, in an age as materialistic as ours, this is not possible for all people, especially for those who today claim to have a judgment about the mysteries of the world, about world phenomena, and who, through the strange education of today, are led to believe that one can already in early youth gain a comprehensive judgment—not merely a striving—about world phenomena. Why is so much harm done in the world today by immature judgments born purely out of passion and emotion? If one surveys world phenomena, one sees that the printing market is flooded with the most immature things, born of nothing but sympathies and antipathies. Why is this so? One may ask: Were there not people in the past who, out of the darkness of their lives, regarded the pure achievements of supersensible research with hatred and abhorrence, just as in our time? Were there not dark-minded people, like today's materialists, who used all possible means that hatred, ignorance, and darkness could provide? Yes, there always have been. But they did not work in the way they do today. Why not? We must sometimes write such things on our conscience. There were people who hated the higher worlds and uninhibited penetration into these worlds, because uninhibited penetration into the higher worlds sometimes brings to light facts that are quite unpleasant for people. But these people were often unable to read or write. Their level of education corresponded to their inability to read and write. Today, those who think this way are able to read and write thanks to their education, and the general public lacks the discernment to truly understand what appears on the book market. Nor is there much desire for such discernment, to be able to recognize that the judgment of an occult-spiritual scientific movement must intervene here to sift and clarify. We will have to learn many things that are difficult for people to learn. We will have to learn many things simply from the facts that emerge from the supersensible world.
For example, one will have to learn that even when one enters the higher worlds through certain partial training or preparation of one's soul and other organisms, many things can still remain behind in relation to that connection with the outer world which can only come about indirectly through the physical-sensory body. Everything that remains behind in a spiritual shudder, when one has crossed the boundary that is so firmly drawn between sense being and spirit being, from certain justified weaknesses of sense being, envelops us in darkness and Maya when we experience it in higher spiritual vision. Only those who constantly consult with themselves as to how they can completely shut out what they must have in sensory being because they are beings of the sensory world for those times when they must see spiritually, and how they can ensure that nothing of what surrounds them in the sensory world plays a part in spiritual seeing, only they can truly see the spiritual supersensible world purely and without illusion.
Let us take a specific case, without alluding to anything in particular. Someone who wants to go through the steps of initiation, or has already done so, has a personal relationship with another person based on immediate personal feelings and emotions. Let us assume that in such a relationship of a spiritual seer, someone who is about to be initiated or has already taken certain steps toward initiation, he has a certain personal relationship with another person, a relationship based on affection, on the kind of affection that is formed in the sentient being, let us say on a trusting love that awakens in the sentient being, that plays from body to body – in the higher sense, not only in the lower sense, I think. Let us assume that such a thing exists and that such a spiritual seeker now wants to explore something about the personality to which he has a personal affection that has been formed in the sense life, and let us assume that he is not able to strip himself of everything that exists in the sense life in the way of love for the personality in question. then it is almost impossible to learn the truth about the supersensible being of such a personality. Oh, it is necessary to try at every turn—no matter how much one loves and has personal affection in the sense life—to strip away everything for the times when one wants to look at the supersensible existence. It is possible to have such personal affection and not strip away the way you like the personality in question in your sense consciousness. Then, for example, images of the past and future of this personality appear before your eyes in a spiritual shiver, which must be false under all circumstances, and then a whole abundance of Maya can arise. Therefore, anyone who takes seriously and responsibly what is to be given to the world in the field of spiritual wisdom cannot be too careful, above all, about proclaiming to the world anything that takes place in the sphere of the family or of immediate acquaintance. One can protect oneself everywhere in such a way that when occult results are pointed out that relate to something that concerns the immediate personal sphere of the investigator, these should appear highly dubious to those who are to receive them.
This is not something that should be said with reference to this or that fact, but something that must be said because it is an objective fact for every occultist. However, there are things connected with this that one might say play into higher realms. Related to this is the fact that those who wish to investigate the supersensible worlds are ill-suited to acquire a certain basic understanding of religious questions if they are attached to their prejudices and personal feelings toward any particular religious community, if they love one religious community more than another, or if they even become propagandists for a religious community. Those who are inclined toward personal propaganda cannot at the same time be objective occultists! This is a statement that must be expressed in all its severity. There are conditions that we may associate with our karma of Western culture, conditions which, in a certain way, do not make it too difficult for Westerners, once they have become a little acquainted with the basic requirements of the supersensible life, to arrive at an objective judgment about the place of the greatest event in human evolution, which we call the mystery of Golgotha. What is it that brings so much darkness into religious life and its understanding? What is it that brings in that which has to do only with the moment and does not want to rise to spiritual light and eternity, especially in religious life? This comes from the fact that everything that constitutes human egoism—and not just the egoism of individuals, but also the egoism of tribes, races, and peoples—is intimately connected with what relates to religious life. From this point of view, I would like to draw your attention to a phenomenon, for it is necessary to view these things completely impartially.
What role does religious life play for an Oriental in relation to his religious founder when he considers the context of his racial or national evolution? Consider whether an Oriental or any non-Western person can easily think historically about the historical process in which he finds himself without linking this historical life to Krishna, Buddha, Mohammed, Confucius, or the like. Everywhere we see what happens in religious life as naturally connected with what happens in profane outer life and flows in people's minds. One cannot imagine a Buddhist writing history, for example, without placing the Buddha at the center of it. This is not meant as a criticism, but because it is right for people who belong to such cultural developments. Now let us go to the West and look not at dogmas but at facts. I will single out a recognized historian of the West: Leopold von Ranke, who is known throughout the world for his objectivity, his calm appreciation, and his very special way of approaching things objectively. Ranke wrote many chapters on historical development. But something very strange has become known about Ranke. He confided to a friend that he had presented the course of history in such a way that he did not take into account Christ and the facts directly connected with Christ! Ranke endeavored to write a history of the West through his objectivity, without allowing Christ to play a role. And in his old age, he was tormented by the question: If those deeds for which there are no documents or records were to flow into the events, would this history then be true? This is not mentioned here in order to discuss whether it is true or false—for I consider it to be highly justified—but because it is one of the best histories written by one of the recognized historians of the West who wrote history in such a way that Christ was left out, that Christ was not included in history. This is a fundamentally important and significant fact! Where has Western culture led us? Western development has led to a situation where we do not always look up to a being who would stand as the central figure of all history if we were to follow it. Science has not led to this! Why did this happen? Let us examine this fact from a different perspective.Where did the great founders of religion live, who were the great initiates who gave their peoples what they needed from their national substance? Is it conceivable, for example, that Hermes could have worked in his era from a different ethnic substance, or is it conceivable that Buddha could have worked in a different way than from the racial characteristics into which he was placed and into which he sent his powers? And now let us turn our gaze to the one whom we do not call an initiate, but whom we know as the personality upon whom the world initiation, the cosmic initiation, has worked. Does he belong to any people? He was born in an unknown corner of the world, far from the great empires. That is where the events took place. And since the Gospels, like the other documents of the New Testament, can be doubted as historical documents, it can be said that none of these events are attested to by any historical document. And those who found themselves to be his disciples and followers turned to him without distinction of tribe, race, gender, and so on. That is the difference! Whereas previously the peoples turned to their racial initiates, here they turned to one who belonged to no people—indeed, who had accomplished his greatest cultural deeds among a people with whom he had not lived. This is the great progress from the darkness of life to the light of the spirit, which should not be misunderstood if one is sincere about the evolution of humanity. These are things that must be taken into consideration, things that must be strongly pointed out by science that can be derived from a real observation of the supersensible worlds.
From some of what I have been able to tell you, you can see that it is important to understand something of the judgment expressed by Johannes Thomasius' doppelgänger in The Guardian of the Threshold: Thinking has a purifying power. But this purifying power of thinking also works in such a way that it truly leads out of the darkness of life into the light of the spirit, that it truly leads from the moment to eternity. People are simply unwilling to acknowledge the purifying power of thinking. For there is something peculiar about the occult nature of this thinking. A materialistic science believes that human beings think with their brains. He does not think with his brain; that is simply a mistake. And when you come to understand the whole meaning of what is said in the book “A Path to Self-Knowledge,” you will also understand that the process of thinking, the activity of thinking, the connection and solution of ideas, does not take place in the physical body, but in the etheric or elemental body. In truth, even people who live ordinary lives think with their elemental or etheric bodies, but living an ordinary life means that people cannot be aware of the activity that takes place within them when they think, because it takes place only in the etheric body. Basically, human beings think continuously, and the etheric body is continuously in motion, and this motion means thinking. But what of all this becomes conscious, what goes on in the etheric body? Only what is reflected comes to consciousness. You must imagine a certain relationship between the elemental body and the physical body in the following way.
Suppose you were walking along this row of windows in this room. Now imagine that there are mirrors hanging on all the walls between the windows. As you walk past each mirror, say three times, you see your face; where there is no mirror, you see nothing of your face. When you walk on to the next mirror, you see it again. There is another mirror that reflects your image back to you. Your face is always present along the entire path, but you only see it when it is reflected. The etheric body is in a constant flow of thoughts. But when does this flow of thoughts become perception? When what is in the physical body, the brain, reflects what is happening in the etheric body. Whatever else is always there, of which human beings are usually unaware, is reflected by the brain, which can be understood as a kind of mirroring apparatus. And in all cases where life is reflected, it becomes conscious. Therefore, the physical body must be there so that the etheric body, which actually thinks, can know something of its thinking. But it is not the brain that thinks, nor is it the physical body. Just as what appears in the mirror is not you, so what the human being perceives in the brain is not his thinking, for this thinking resides in the elementary or etheric body. And when a person wants to take the first steps toward initiation, it is basically like walking past the mirror and trying to be within yourself—and then becoming able to feel what your form is like, so that you perceive yourself from within.
This is how one moves up from being a sentient being to being a spiritual being. While human beings can otherwise only perceive what is happening in their mirror apparatus, what they see as the reflection in their brain, through initiation they come to direct experience and feeling in the elementary body. But when they come to this inner experience and feeling, they come into contact with a completely different world: the world of the essential. Then their being, their experience, their feeling expands beyond the objective world. But what they then experience is a world of spiritual being, a world that they can also experience in their senses in relation to the scope of their experience. But only then can they ascend to grasp something in spiritual being of that which exists only as an image in the senses. And then he can understand that the impulses of the initiated did not flow merely from earthly knowledge, but that the greatest impulses, the moral impulses, and so on, come to the great initiates and work with such tremendous power because they do not take what they have merely from the earth, but bring with them what goes beyond the earth. For as soon as one goes beyond the earth, one also comes to that which is connected with earthly existence beyond the earth. And when one passes through initiation from earthly existence to cosmic existence, one comes to the point where, when studying an initiate such as Buddha from this point of view, one says: He has lived on earth in many incarnations as a Bodhisattva. And anyone who has learned to understand Buddhism in this way is necessarily just as faithful as a Buddhist and knows that in the personality of Gotama Buddha, this individuality lived for the last time in a physical body, but in this incarnation became the “Buddha” and then ascended into the spiritual worlds for spiritual work, so that the spiritual gaze can be directed toward the transition of the Buddha's individuality from earthly existence to spiritual existence, to connections with spiritual existence. And if we now trace this individuality back, we see how the Bodhisattva goes through many incarnations, but then we come back to an earlier time for which we can no longer say: We are dealing with an individuality that lives on earth. For there one must trace it back to an earlier place of residence, and the transformation of this peculiar individuality is such that it outgrows earthly existence. We see the Buddha coming down at a certain time from another planet of our solar system, where he had previously been working, we see him working there and preparing for his earthly career. We then follow him as Bodhisattva and finally as Buddha during his earthly career until the point where he has become a Buddha from a Bodhisattva, and we find that his work during his earthly incarnations had indeed grown together with the Earth, but that he grows into a great cosmic whole. We see him ascend to another planet in our planetary system, to Mars, and there undertake a new mission that follows on from his earthly mission. And it is wonderful to follow how a whole emerges in this way. First we see the Buddha working on another planet, then he comes to Earth, and we must say: this individuality of the initiated Gotama Buddha worked for a while on Earth, but then, if we want to follow it further, we must ascend to another planet. In this way we obtain a closed line. In the case of Buddha, it is possible to say that he descended from another planet and that after his work on Earth he ascended again to another planet whose population has little meaning for Earth humanity, in order to continue his work there, because this continuation of his work makes sense.
Thus, one would find many initiates bringing in from the cosmos that which is connected with the cosmic realm on Earth itself, and one would thereby be able to contemplate the cosmic transformation of the initiates. If one tries to get to the bottom of things everywhere, one also sees, for example, something that illuminates the darkness of life from a truly occult perspective.
It is strange when the question is sometimes raised: Is it not unjust that such an individuality as Christ brought something special into the world? And if that is the case, some would say, then those who lived after Christ would have something very special ahead of them in the world! Even theosophists have raised this question! But it is the same souls who live in the time after the appearance of Christ as those who were there before, so that there can be no question of injustice. There is only one exception to this rule, and that seems to be the Buddha. He went through an incarnation that took place in pre-Christian times, so he did not participate in any way in what came to Earth through the events at Golgotha. If we now investigate where darkness arises for us, where we cannot understand how a soul can take leave of the earth at a certain point in time and not experience the mystery of Golgotha on earth—those who have heard my earlier lectures will know that the Buddha experienced it in other worlds, but here we are concerned with earthly experience— if we keep all this before the eyes of our soul and follow it, then it turns out that the Buddha was sent to the planet where he had worked in his pre-earthly planetary activity by the central individuality of the entire planetary system, by the central spirit, by what we call the cosmic Christ. In ancient times, the Buddha was sent out to work on another planet, so that he could then – as a result of this work – work on Earth. And while Earth is the planet that became the scene of the mystery of Golgotha, Mars is the planet on which the Buddha had to accomplish a similar event after what he had to do on Earth.
These things seem far-fetched and appear to contradict the statement that what is gained through initiation can be understood with common sense. But if we take everything that history has to offer and understand all the connections, we will see that the external course of history confirms all of this. And if someone says that there is no confirmation of these things in history, they are simply not using their common sense sufficiently. Many people in our time do this, however.
With everything that has been said in this series of lectures, I wanted to give an idea of this and, through the dramas, show how different, powerful, and great the worlds are we enter when we pass through the gate to the supersensible worlds, and I wanted to give a more comprehensive idea of this than can be done through mere theories and dogmas. I did not want to represent and describe many things merely through verbal characteristics, but I wanted to evoke a feeling of what lies behind the threshold, where the guardian of the threshold stands. When someone in our time looks at spiritual life, what is said about the guardian of the threshold may strike them particularly deeply. The guardian stands at the threshold because the human soul, which is enclosed in ordinary sensory existence, is not mature enough to experience and learn what goes on in the supersensible worlds. He stands there to protect us. This is just as true as it is true that the human soul living into the future will have to experience more and more of the supersensible worlds. Why is the guardian standing there? Because if the human soul were to take the step into the supersensible worlds while still immature — which can never happen through a just occult path — it would fall into infinite fear, infinite terror, because human beings, out of their smallness, their immaturity, their love, and their attachment to the sensory world, would not be able to bear everything connected with entering the supersensible worlds. One cannot even come to those who want to progress with what is demanded of our time! From the place where we are still allowed to proclaim the supersensible truths, we had to point out how a supersensible event will occur with the supersensible body of man in the course of the twentieth century, in that people will find the reappearing Christ as if through a natural event. We were able to point this out. But this reappearing Christ will not travel on ships across the seas or in trains, nor will he travel in a balloon, but he will be recognized in the individuality of human beings—in what passes from human soul to human soul, and depending on the nature of the human souls themselves—by means that are given in the etheric. What we are permitted to say about what the appearance of the reappearing Christ will be like pales in comparison to what will come to the human soul purely from the supersensible world. For people love to see with their physical eyes the great one who is to come; they love to imagine that he will travel in an airplane, that he will cross the seas; they love to be able to grasp and touch with their senses the one who is to come. Why is this? Because it frightens them to really come into contact with the supersensible worlds. To the occultist, such things as happen are also presented as masked fear and dread of the true. This is said without emotion, only as a statement of the objective. The occultist, who recognizes the guardian at the boundary between the sensory and the spiritual, will then realize that those who stand outside in ordinary life cannot comprehend that a beginning should be made at all with stepping into the supersensible world. For they are all, at heart, fearful personalities. They are unaware of their timidity, but it masks itself to them as a special kind of sense of truth, as a materialistic sense of truth. It appears as a certain hatred, a rage, an inflamed smallness against others, against the supersensible worlds, in those who oppose the recognition of the supersensible world and supersensible beings. Thus it may come to pass that on one side there will stand those who want to know the supersensible worlds, and on the other those who want nothing to do with them, or who will say: objective science says nothing about the supersensible worlds, for they cannot be proven. And it is the same thing that will prevent other people from going to the guardian of the threshold, namely the popular followers of science who say that they reject the supersensible worlds because it is their sense of truth and personal scientific conviction. But it is fear that prevents them from approaching the guardian of the threshold, and it is the whole power of this fear that is masked in what today wants to appear as a struggle against the approach of what is to come from the supersensible worlds as the light of the spirit in contrast to the darkness of life. This is a conception felt by those who know the guardian at the threshold of spiritual existence and who know the significance of supersensible knowledge for the entire spiritual life of the present.
Why are you sitting here? Because a ray of spiritual light has entered your soul, telling you that supersensible knowledge must take hold of the human soul. And because what this ray of spiritual light says has become more and more alive, the audience at our events is growing. If the natural speech of the spirit light is given free rein to the souls, it will be able to shine into the souls. If the opponents of supersensible knowledge are defeated, then perhaps the spirit light will have to darken for a while, will have to withdraw, will be forced to, that is, it would have to be withdrawn, to use this foolish expression. Then the world will have to do without the connection between the darkness of life and the spirit light for a while. However, it is also necessary that those who are to know something of the spirit light learn something more: that they learn to look with truthfulness at what is already being offered here in the outer world from the spiritual world. Those who today still allow themselves to be blinded by what is said for and against supersensible knowledge, those who do not seek in their souls the firm impulse that can only come from the supersensible world, will not be able to find this impulse.
I have often said that what is now available in literature, what has been made possible through the grace of the Masters of Wisdom and the harmony of feelings in many literary works, contains, in essence, what may be said to have been communicated to human beings in grace. And if I could write and speak no more from this moment on, if one were to build on what already exists, even if I myself could not be there, if one were to search for the meaning of everything, one would find what one needs. And with that – if I may now, at the end of these lectures, speak of the connection between personal karma and the karma of this spiritual movement – there is also the possibility that, in a certain sense, what has come into the world – not as the “Steiner direction,” for that does not exist, but as objective occultism – cannot be eradicated. No matter how much opposition there may be, it cannot refer to the eradication of occultism for the future, for what is there will remain. I see proof of this in the fact that our time needs a spiritual movement and that there is a period of time in which, through the grace of our spiritual guardians, this spiritual heritage has been brought down into the sensory world. Let opponents surrender! Perhaps it is precisely through this opposition that what is necessary will be done! And forgive me for saying so, but many who willingly accept theosophical spiritual knowledge today and are delighted by it are nevertheless inattentive to what they should see in the present; they are still asleep! Many do not commit themselves to the truth in order to discern what the sole truth should be. Perhaps a little persecution, which cannot do any harm, will contribute to many who have pulled the sleeping cap not only over their heads but also over their eyes and ears, pulling it down from their heads. Perhaps that will also be necessary.
But however things may go: now that we are at the end of this cycle—where so many things have come upon us, necessarily, compulsively, things that are basically repugnant—now we want, as we always do, to remember that we have taken up some of the spiritual life again. Now we are going our separate ways, one here, the other there, but the spiritual light that we all strive for and seek within the darkness of life allows us to be together wherever we may be, even if we are physically separated. May the souls sitting here feel their togetherness in the afterlife, in meditating on what they have heard, or in relation to the mutual love that has been shown in this life. Physically we were together, physically we will not always be able to be together like this. We are together in a supersensible way. Let us learn to be together in a supersensible way so that we can prove the existence of the supersensible, the superphysical world! If we take such feelings with us after we have been together for so long, then the souls will take with them what Theosophy can give to human beings as the best thing: the love that comes from spiritual truth itself. And even if one thing or another may happen between now and the occasion when we would like to be together again, it can happen under all circumstances that our physical togetherness will be transformed into true spiritual togetherness despite our physical separation, so that the spiritual heritage may work, live, and flourish within us. We have had people of all different ways of thinking in our midst, but also people whose appearance we always welcome, even when they bring opposing opinions into our midst. But it is not a matter of opinions and differences of opinion, but of an honest, sincere sense of truth, of, one might say, a commitment to truthfulness and honesty, to truthfulness and honesty already in our thinking. Please do not regard my saying this as something that necessarily follows from the theme of our lecture series. What is necessary, however, is that we have been able to experience the search for truth in many areas in our time, in our present age.
And what I had less opportunity to mention at the beginning of the lecture cycle, I would like to touch upon here at the end: my gratitude to those personalities who, above all, appeared as official personalities at our unofficial events. I cannot name them all individually. Yesterday you heard the friendly invitation to the next congress of the European sections of the Theosophical Society from our dear General Secretary of the Scandinavian Section, and some of you may also have heard the words of the General Secretary of the Hungarian Section. These personalities, to whom we must make special mention, were already greeted in the first lecture, and those who had to remain unnamed should know that they have found the most sincere welcome in our hearts, and that we regard their presence here as confirmation that they are not yet of the opinion that we are such bad people as is now beginning to be portrayed in the world. So, however we may be together next year, however things may turn out, let us regard this year's gathering as the seed of something that perhaps nothing that may come in the future can take away from us. What your souls themselves can feel as an echo from your own inner experience when you look back on these days in Munich is what I would like to appeal to at this moment, warmly greeting each friend's individual soul as we say goodbye and look forward to meeting again in the spirit in which people who have come to love each other through knowledge always find each other and must meet again at the right time.