How the Spiritual World Interpenetrates the Physical
GA 155
15 July 1914, Norrköping
Christ and the Human Soul III
One of the concepts which must rise up within us when we speak of the relations of Christ to the human soul is that of sin and its debt. We know what the significance of the concepts of guilt and sin has in the Christianity of St. Paul. Our present age is, however, little adapted for a really deep inner understanding of the wider connections between the concepts ‘Death and Sin’ and ‘Death and Immortality,’ that are to be found in Paul's writings. This lies in the materialism of our times. Let us recall what I said in the first lecture of this course, that there could be no true immortality of the human soul without a continuation of consciousness into the conditions after death. An ending of consciousness with death would coincide with the fact, which in that case would have to be accepted, that man is really not immortal. The unconscious continuance of man's being after death would mean that what is the most important of all, that which makes man into man, would not exist after death. An unconscious human soul surviving after death would not mean much more than the sum of atoms acknowledged by materialism, which remain even when the human body is destroyed.
For Paul it was a matter of unshakable conviction that it is only possible to speak of immortality if the individual consciousness is maintained. And as he had to think of the individual consciousness as subject to sin and guilt it may be taken for granted that Paul would think: ‘If a man's consciousness is obscured after death by sin and guilt, or by their results—if after death, consciousness is disturbed by sin and guilt, this signifies that sin and guilt really kill man—they kill him as soul, as spirit.’ The materialistic consciousness of our time is far remote from this. Many modern philosophic investigators are content to speak of a continuance of the life of the human soul, whereas the immortality of man may only be identified with a conscious continuance of the human soul after death.
A difficulty of course arises here, especially for the anthroposophical world conception. To be faced with this difficulty we need only direct our attention to the relationship of the concepts of ‘Guilt and Sin’ and of ‘Karma.’ Many people get over this by saying that they believe Karma to be a debt which a man contracts in anyone of his incarnations; he bears this debt with him, with his Karma, and discharges it later; this, in the course of incarnations, compensation is brought about. Here begins the difficulty. These people then say: ‘How can this be reconcilable with the Christian acceptation of the conception of the forgiveness of sins through Christ?’ And yet again the idea of the forgiveness of sins is intimately bound up with true Christianity. It is only necessary to think of this one example: Christ on the Cross between two malefactors. The malefactor on the left hand mocks at Christ: ‘If Thou wilt be God, help Thyself and us.’ The malefactor on the right held that the other ought not to speak thus, for both had merited their fate of crucifixion—the just award of their deeds; whereas He was innocent, and had yet to experience the same fate. The malefactor on the right added to this: ‘Think of me when Thou art in Thy Kingdom.’ And Christ answered him: ‘Verily, I say unto thee, to-day shalt thou be with Me in Paradise.’ It is not permissible merely to gainsay these words and omit them from the Gospel, for they are very significant. The difficulty arises from the question: If this malefactor on the right has to wash away what he has brought about in his Karma, what does it mean when Christ, as it were, pardoning and forgiving him, says: ‘To-day shalt thou be with Me in Paradise?’ It may appear that the malefactor on the right will have to wash away his debt with his Karma, even as the one on the left. Why is there a difference made by Christ between the malefactor on the right and the one on the left? There is no doubt at all that the conception of Karma is here met by a difficulty that is not easy to solve. It is solved however when we try to probe more deeply into Christianity by means of Spiritual Science. And now I shall approach the subject from quite another side, the nature of which is already known to you, but which can bring certain remarkable circumstances to light.
You know how often we speak of Lucifer and Ahriman, and how Lucifer and Ahriman are represented in my Mystery-Plays. When one begins to consider the thing in a human-anthropomorphic sense and simply makes of Lucifer a kind of inner and of Ahriman a kind of outer criminal, there will be difficulty in getting on; for we must not forget that Lucifer, besides being the bringer of evil into the world, the inner evil that arises through the passions, is also the bringer of freedom; Lucifer plays an important role in the universe. In the same way it must be said of Ahriman that he, too, plays an important part in the universe. When we began to speak more of Lucifer and Ahriman, it was our experience that many of those who were associated with us became uneasy; they still had a feeling left of what people have always thought of Lucifer, namely, that he is a fearful criminal in the world, against whom one must defend one's self. Feeling this about Lucifer they could not of course give unqualified assent to a different conception because they must assign to Lucifer an important role in the universe, and yet again Lucifer must be regarded as an opponent of progressive Gods, as a being who crosses the plan of those Gods to whom honor is rightly due. Thus, when we speak of Lucifer in this way, we are in effect ascribing an important role in the universe to an enemy of the Gods. And we must do the same in the case of Ahriman. From this point of view it is quite easy to understand the human feeling that asks: ‘What is the right attitude to adopt towards Lucifer and Ahriman; am I to love them or hate them?’ It should be quite clear from the way in which one speaks of Lucifer and Ahriman that they are beings who, by their whole nature do not belong to the physical plane, but have their mission and task in the Cosmos outside the physical plane, in the spiritual worlds. In the Munich lectures of the summer of 1913, I laid particular emphasis on the fact that the progressive Gods have assigned to Lucifer and Ahriman roles in the spiritual worlds; and that discrepancy and disharmony only appear when they bring down their activities into the physical plane, and arrogate to themselves rights which are not allotted to them. But we must submit to one thing, to which the human soul does not readily submit when these matters are under consideration, and it is this: that our judgment, our human judgment, as we pass it, holds good only for the physical plane, and that this judgment, right as it may be for the physical plane, cannot be simply transferred to the higher worlds. We must therefore gradually accustom ourselves in Anthroposophy to widen out our judgments and our world of concepts and ideas. It is because materialistically-minded men of the present day do not want to widen their judgment, but prefer to hold to that which holds good for the physical plane that they have such difficulty in understanding Anthroposophy, although it is all perfectly intelligible.
If we say: ‘one power is hostile to another,’ or ‘hostility is unseemly,’ it is quite correct from the physical plane. But the same thing does not hold good for the higher planes. On the higher planes the judgment must be widened. Just as in the realm of electricity positive and negative electricity are necessary, so also is spiritual hostility necessary in order that the universe may exist in its entirety; it is necessary that the spirits should oppose one another. Here comes in the truth of the saying of Herakleitos, that strife as well as love constitutes the universe. It is only when Lucifer works upon the human soul, and when through the human soul strife is brought into the physical world, that strife is wrong. But this does not hold good for the higher worlds; there the hostility of the spirits is an element that belongs to the whole structure, to the whole evolution of the universe. This implies that as soon as we come into the higher worlds, we must employ other standards, other colorings for our judgments. That is why there is often a feeling of shock when we speak of Lucifer and Ahriman on the one side as the opponents of the Gods, and on the other side as being necessary to the whole course of the universal order. Hence we must, above all things, hold firmly in our minds that a man comes into collision with the universal order if he allows the judgment which holds good for the physical plane to hold good for the higher worlds.
This is the root of the whole matter and it must again and again be emphasized that Christ, as Christ, does not belong to the order of the other entities of the physical plane. From the moment of the baptism in Jordan, a Being Who had not previously existed on Earth, a Being Who does not belong to the order of earth-beings, entered into the corporeal being of Jesus of Nazareth. Thus, in Christ, we are concerned with a Being Who could truly say to the disciples: ‘I am from above, but ye are from below,’ that is to say: ‘I am a Being of the kingdom of heaven, ye are of the kingdom of earth.’ Now let us consider the consequences of this. Must earthly judgment that is entirely justifiable as such, and that everyone on earth must maintain, be also the judgment of that Cosmic Being Who, as Christ, entered the Jesus body? That Being, Who entered the body of Jesus at the baptism in Jordan, applies not an earthly but a heavenly judgment. He must judge differently from man.
And now let us consider the whole import of the words spoken on Golgotha. The malefactor on the left believes that in the Christ merely an earthly being is present, not a being whose realm is beyond the earthly kingdom. But just before death there comes to the consciousness of the malefactor on the right, ‘Thy kingdom, O Christ, is another; think of me when Thou art in Thy kingdom.’ At this moment the malefactor on the right shows that he has a dim idea of the fact that Christ belongs to another kingdom, where a power of judgment other than that obtaining on the earth, holds sway. Then, out of the consciousness that He stands in His kingdom, Christ can answer: ‘Verily, because thou hast some dim foreboding of My kingdom, this day (that is with death) thou shalt be with Me in My kingdom.’ This is a reference to the super-earthly Christ power that draws up the human individuality into a spiritual kingdom. Earthly judgment, human judgment, must of course say: ‘As regards his Karma, the right-hand malefactor will have to make compensation for his guilt even as the one on the left,’ for the heavenly judgment, however, something else holds good. But that is only the beginning of the matter, for of course it might now be said: ‘Yes, then the judgment of heaven contradicts that of the earth. How can Christ forgive where the earthly judgment demands karmic retribution?’
It is a difficult question, but we will try to approach it more closely in the course of this lecture. I lay special emphasis on the fact that we are touching here on one of the most difficult questions of Spiritual Science. We must make a difference which the human soul does not willingly make, because it does not like following the thing to its ultimate consequences; there are difficulties in following it up to its ultimate consequences. We shall find it, as I have said, a difficult subject, and you will perhaps find it necessary to turn the thing over in your souls many times in order to get at its real essence.
Firstly, we must make a distinction. We must consider the one element that fulfils itself in Karma in an objective retribution. Here we must clearly understand that man is certainly subject to his Karma; that he has to make karmic compensation for unjust deeds, and when we think more deeply about it, a man will not actually wish otherwise. For suppose that a man has done another person wrong; in the moment of this wrong he is less perfect than before he had done it, and he can only attain the grade of perfection which was his before he committed the wrong by making compensation for it. He must wish to make compensation for the wrong; for only in such compensation does he create for himself the stage of perfection which was his before the act was committed. Thus, for the sake of our own perfecting we can wish nothing else than that Karma is there as objective justice. When we grasp the true meaning of human freedom, we can have no wish that a sin should be so forgiven us; that if, for example, we were to put a man's eyes out, the sin would be so forgiven us that we should no longer need to wipe it away in our Karma. A man who puts out the eyes of another is more imperfect than one who does not, and in his later Karma it must come to pass that he does a corresponding good act, for then only is he again the man that he was before he committed the act. So that when we rightly consider the nature of man, there can be no thought within us that when a man has put out the eyes of another it will be forgiven him, and that Karma will be in some way adjusted. It is fully justified in Karma that we are not excused a farthing, but that the debt must be paid to the uttermost.
But there is another element with regard to the guilt. The guilt, the sin with which we are laden, is not merely our own affair, it is an objective cosmic concern, it means something for the universe also. This is where the distinction must be made. The crimes that we have committed are compensated in our Karma, but the act of putting out another's eyes is an accomplished fact; if we have, let us say, put someone's eyes out in the present incarnation, and then in the next incarnation do something that makes compensation for this act, yet for the objective course of the universe the fact still remains that so many hundred years ago we put someone's eyes out. That is an objective fact in the universe. So far as we are concerned we make compensation for it later. The guilt that we have personally contracted is adjusted in our Karma, but the objective cosmic fact remains—we cannot efface that by removing our own imperfection. We must discriminate between the consequences of a sin for ourselves, and the consequences of a sin for the objective course of the world. It is highly important that we should make this distinction. And I may now perhaps introduce an occult observation which will make this matter clearer.
When a man surveys the course of human evolution since the Mystery of Golgotha and approaches the Akashic Record without being permeated with the Christ-Being, it is easy, very easy indeed to be led into error, for in this he will find records which very often do not coincide with the karmic evolution of the individuals. For example, let us suppose that in, say the year 733, some man lived and incurred heavy guilt. The person now examining the Akashic Record, may at first have no connection with the Christ-Being. And behold! the man's guilt cannot be found in the Akashic Record. Examination of the Karma in a later incarnation of this man reveals that there is something still in his Karma which he has to wipe out. That must have existed in the Akashic Record at a certain point of time, but it is not there.
Examination of the Karma reveals that the man has to make amends; the guilt of the incarnation must have been inscribed in the Akashic Record, but it is not there. Here is a contradiction. This is an objective fact which may occur in numerous cases. I may meet with a man to-day, and if through grace I am permitted to know something about his Karma, I may perhaps find that some misfortune or stroke of fate stands in his Karma, that it is the adjustment of earlier guilt. If I turn to his earlier incarnations and examine what he did then, I do not find this fact registered in the Akashic Record. How does this come about? The reason of this is that Christ has actually taken upon Himself the objective debt. In the moment that I permeate myself with Christ, I discover the deed when I examine the Akashic Record with Christ. Christ has taken it into His kingdom, and He bears it further, so that when I look away from Christ I cannot find it in the Akashic Record. This distinction must be observed: karmic justice remains; but Christ intervenes in the effects of guilt in the spiritual world. He takes over the debt into His kingdom, and bears it further. Christ is that Being Who, because He is of another kingdom, is able to blot out in the Cosmos our debts and our guilt, taking them upon Himself.
What is it that the Christ on the Cross of Golgotha really conveys to the malefactor on the left? He does not utter it, but in the fact that He does not utter it lies the essence. He says to the malefactor on the left: ‘What thou hast done will continue to work in the spiritual world also and not merely in the physical world.’ To the malefactor on the right He says: ‘To-day shalt thou be with Me in Paradise.’ That is to say: ‘I am beside thine act; through thy Karma thou wilt have later on to do for thyself all that the act signifies for thee, but what the act signifies for the universe,’ if I may use a trivial expression, ‘that is My concern.’ This is what Christ says. The distinction made here is a very important one, and the matter is not only of significance for the time after the Mystery of Golgotha, but also for the time before the Mystery of Golgotha.
A number of friends will remember that in earlier lectures I have called attention to the fact that it is not a mere legend, but that Christ actually did descend to the dead after His death. He thereby also accomplished something for the souls who in previous ages had laden themselves with guilt and sin. Error now also comes in when a man without being permeated with Christ, investigates in the Akashic Record the time before the Mystery of Golgotha. Such a man will continually make errors in his reading of the Akashic Record. For this reason I was not in the very least surprised that, for example, Leadbeater, who in reality knows nothing about Christ, should have made the most abstruse statements concerning the evolution of the Earth in his book, Man, How, Whence and Whither. For only when a man is permeated with the Christ-Impulse is he capable of really seeing things as they are, and how they have been regulated in the evolution of the earth on the basis of the Mystery of Golgotha, though they occurred before the Mystery of Golgotha.
Karma is an affair of the successive incarnations of man. The significance of Karmic justice must be considered with that judgment that is our earthly judgment. That which Christ does for humanity must be measured by a judgment that belongs to worlds other than this earth-world. And suppose that were not so? Let us think of the end of the earth, of the time when men shall have passed through their earthly incarnations. Most certainly it will come to pass that all will have to be paid to the uttermost farthing. Human souls will have had to pay off their Karma in a certain way. But let us imagine that all guilt had remained in existence in the earth that all guilt would go on working in the earth. Then at the end of the earth period human beings would be there with their Karma adjusted, but the earth would not be ready to develop into the Jupiter condition; the whole of the earth-humanity would be there without a dwelling-place, without the possibility of developing onwards to Jupiter. That the whole earth develops along with man is the result of the Deed of Christ. All the guilt and debt that would pile up would cast the earth into the abyss, and we should have no planet for our further evolution. In our Karma we can take care of ourselves, but not of humanity as a whole, and not of that which in earth-evolution is connected with the whole evolution of humanity.
So let us realize that Karma will not be taken from us, but that our debts and sins will be blotted out as regards the earth-evolution through what took place in the Mystery of Golgotha. We must, of course, realize to the full that all this cannot be bestowed on man without his co-operation—it cannot be his unless he too does something. And that is clearly brought before us in the utterances from the cross of Golgotha which I have quoted. It is very definitely shown to us how the soul of the malefactor on the right received a dim idea of a supersensible kingdom wherein things proceed otherwise than in the earthly kingdom. Man must fill his soul with the substance of the Christ Being; he must, as it were, have taken something of the Christ into his soul, so that Christ is active in him, and bears him into a kingdom in which he has not indeed the power to make his Karma ineffective, but in which through Christ it comes to pass that debt and sin are blotted out for our external world. This has been most wonderfully represented in painting.
There is no one upon whom such a picture as ‘Christ, as Judge at the Last Day’ (by Michelangelo) in the Sistine chapel can fail to make a deep impression. What really underlies such a picture? Let us take, not the deep esoteric fact, but the picture that is here presented to our soul. We see the righteous and the sinners. It is possible to present this picture differently from the way in which Michelangelo, as a Christian, has done. There is the possibility that at the end of the earth, men, seeing their Karma might say to themselves: ‘Yes, I have indeed wiped off my Karma, but everywhere in the spiritual there stand, written on tablets of brass, my guilt and sin, and these are of serious import for the earth; they must destroy the earth. As far as I am concerned, I have made compensation, but there the guilt stands, everywhere.’ That would not, however, be the truth; it might be there, but it would not be the truth. For through the fact of Christ's death upon Golgotha, man will not see the tables of his guilt and sin, but he will see Him Who has taken them upon Himself; he will see, atoned in the Being of Christ, all that would otherwise be spread out in the Akashic Record. In place of the Akashic Record, the Christ stands before him, having taken all upon himself.
We are looking into deep secrets of the earth's existence. But what is necessary in order to fathom the true state of things in this domain? It is this that men, no matter whether they are righteous or whether they are sinners, should have the possibility of looking upon Christ, that there should be no empty place where the Christ ought to stand. The connection with Christ is necessary, and this malefactor on the right himself shows us his connection with the Christ in what he says. And even though the Christ has given to those who work in His Spirit the behest to forgive sins, it never means that thereby Karma is to be encroached upon. But it does mean that the earthly kingdom will be rescued for him who stands in relationship to Christ, rescued from the spiritual consequence of guilt and sin, which are objective facts even when a later Karma has made compensation for them.
What does it signify for the human soul when one, who may so speak, says in the Name of Christ: ‘Thy sins are forgiven thee’ It means that he is able to assert: ‘Thou hast indeed to await thy karmic settlement; but Christ has transformed thy guilt and sin so that later thou mayest not have the terrible pain of looking back upon thy guilt in such a way as to see that thou hast in it destroyed a part of the earth's existence.’ Christ blots it out. But a certain consciousness is necessary, one that is demanded, one that those who would forgive sins have the right to demand—consciousness of the guilt, and consciousness that Christ has the power to take it upon Himself. For the saying: ‘Thy sins are forgiven thee’ denotes a cosmic fact, and not a karmic fact.
Christ shows His relation to this so wonderfully in a certain passage—so wonderfully that it penetrates deep, deep into our hearts. Let us conjure up in our souls the scene where the woman taken in adultery comes before Him, with those who are condemning her. They bring the woman before Him, and in two different ways Christ meets them. He writes in the earth; and He forgives, He does not judge at all, He does not condemn. Why does He write in the earth? Because Karma works, because Karma is objective justice. For the adulteress, her act cannot be obliterated. Christ writes it in the earth.
But with the spiritual and not the earthly consequence it is otherwise; Christ takes upon Himself the spiritual consequence. ‘He forgives’ does not mean that He blots out in the absolute sense, but that he takes upon Himself the consequences of the objective act.
Now let us think of all that it signifies when the human soul is able to say to itself: ‘Yes, I have done this or that in the world; it does not impair my evolution, for I do not remain as imperfect as I was when I committed the deed; I am permitted to attain my perfection in the further course of my Karma, in that I make compensation for the deed. But I cannot undo it for the earth evolution.’ Man would have to bear unspeakable suffering if a Being had not joined Himself with the earth, a Being Who undoes for the earth that which cannot be changed by us. This Being is the Christ. He takes away from us, not subjective Karma, but the objective spiritual effects of the acts, the guilt. That is what we must follow up in our hearts, and then for the first time we shall understand that Christ is, in truth, that Being Who is bound up with the whole of earth-humanity. For the earth is there for the sake of the Will of Mankind. Christ is connected with the whole earth. It is the weakness of man, as a consequence of the Luciferic temptation, that although he is indeed able to redeem himself subjectively in Karma, he cannot redeem the earth at the same time. That is accomplished by the cosmic Being-Christ.
And now we understand why many theosophists cannot realize that Christianity is in full accord with the idea of Karma. These people bring into theosophy the most intense egoism, a super-egoism; they do not certainly put it into words, but still they really think and feel: ‘If I can only redeem myself in my Karma, what does it matter to me about the world? Let it do what it will!’ These theosophists are quite satisfied if they can speak of karmic adjustment: but there is a great deal more to be done. Man would be purely a Luciferic being if he were to think only of himself. Man is a member of the whole world, and he must think about the whole world in a sense of sacrifice. He must think about it in the sense that he can indeed be egoistically redeemed through his Karma, but that he cannot at the same time, redeem the whole earth-existence. Christ enters into that. At the moment we decide not to think only of our Ego, we must think about something other than our Ego. Of what must we think? Of the ‘Christ in me’ as Paul says; then indeed we are united with Him in the whole earth-existence. We do not then think of our self-redemption, but we say: ‘Not I and my own redemption—not I, but the Christ in me, and the earth-redemption.’
Many believe they may call themselves true Christians, and yet speak of others—anthroposophical Christians for instance—as heretics! There is surely very little true Christian feeling here. The question may perhaps be permitted: ‘Is it really Christian to think that I may do anything, and that Christ only came into the world for the sake of taking it all away from me and to forgive my sins, so that I may have nothing more to do with my Karma, with my sins?’ I think there is another word more applicable to such a mode of thought than the word ‘Christian’; perhaps the word ‘convenient’ would be better. ‘Convenient’ it certainly would be, if a man had only to repent, and then all the sins that he had committed in the world were obliterated for the whole of his later Karma. The sin is not blotted out from Karma; but it can be blotted out from the earth-evolution, and this it is that man cannot do because of the human weakness that is the result of the Luciferic temptation. Christ accomplishes this. With the remission of sins we are saved from the pain of having added an objective debt to the Earth-evolution for all eternity. When we have this understanding of Christ a greater earnestness will manifest itself in many other things as well. Many elements will fall away from those conceptions of Christ which may well seem full of triviality and cynicism to the man whose soul has absorbed the Christ-conception in all seriousness. For all that has been said to-day, and that can be proved point by point from the most significant passages of the New Testament, tells us that all that Christ is to us comes from the fact that He is not a Being like other men, but a Being Who, from above, that is, ‘out of the cosmos,’ entered into the earth-evolution at the baptism by John in Jordan. Everything proves the cosmic nature of Christ. And he who deeply grasps Christ's attitude towards sin and debt, may speak thus: ‘Because man in the course of the earth's existence could not blot out his guilt for the whole earth—a cosmic Being had to descend in order that it might be made possible for the earth-debt to be discharged.’ True, Christianity must needs regard Christ as a cosmic Being. It cannot do otherwise. Our soul must be deeply permeated by what is meant in the words: ‘Not I, but Christ in me.’ For then from this knowledge there radiates into our soul something that I can only express in these words: ‘When I am able to say: “Not I, but Christ in me” in that moment I assert that I shall be removed from the earth-sphere, that in me there lives some thing that has significance for the cosmos, and that I am counted worthy, as man, to bear a super-earthly element in my soul just as I bear within me a super-earthly being in all that has entered me from Saturn, Sun and Moon.’
Man's consciousness of being filled with Christ will become of great import. And with St. Paul's saying: ‘Not I, but the Christ in me,’ he will connect the feeling that his inner responsibility to Christ must be taken in deep, deep earnestness. Anthroposophy will bring about this feeling of responsibility in the Christ consciousness in such a way that we shall not presume on every occasion to say: ‘I thought so, and because I thought so, I had a right to say it.’ Our materialistic age is carrying this further and further. ‘I was convinced of this and therefore I had a right to say it.’ But, is it not a profanation of the Christ in us, a fresh crucifixion of the Christ in us, that at any moment when we believe something or other, we cry it out to the world, or send it out into the world in writing, without having investigated it?
When man realizes the significance of Christ in all seriousness, a feeling will arise that he must prove himself worthy of the Christ who lives within him—this cosmic principle that is in him.
It may be readily believed that those who do not want to receive Christ as a cosmic principle, but who at every opportunity are ready to regret their offence, will first tell all kind of lies about their fellow men and then want to efface the lies. He who would prove himself worthy of the Christ in his soul will first prove to himself whether he ought to say a thing about which he happens at the moment to be convinced. Many things will be changed when a true conception of Christ comes into the world. All those people who write to-day or disfigure paper with printers' ink because they promptly write down things, of which they have no knowledge, will come to realize that they are thereby putting the Christ in the human soul to shame. And then the excuse will cease: ‘Yes, I thought so; I said it in quite good faith.’ Christ wants more than ‘good faith,’ Christ would fain lead men to the Truth. He Himself has said, ‘The Truth will make you free.’ But where has Christ ever said that when people imagine that they are thinking as He would have them think, this, that, or the other may be shouted out or proclaimed in writing to the world, when they really know nothing about it? Much will be changed! A great deal of modern writing will be unable to exist any longer when men start from the principle of proving themselves worthy of the saying: ‘Not I, but the Christ in me.’ The canker of our decadent civilization will be rooted out when there is a cessation of those voices which, without real conviction, cry everything out into the world, or cover paper with printers' ink irresponsibly, without being first convinced that they are speaking the truth. In this connection we have had to experience many things in the theosophical movement.* [Note by Translator.—In the following passage reference is made to the expulsion from the Theosophical Society of the German Section, of which Dr. Steiner was General Secretary. Those who are unfamiliar with the facts of the case should read the book by Eugene Levy, Mrs. Besant and the Present Crisis in the Theosophical Society, notably pages 48-50.]
How readily was the excuse to hand: ‘Yes, but the person who made the statement was at that moment convinced of its truth.’ What does ‘conviction’ of this kind amount to? It is nothing but the greatest irresponsibility—pure nonsense. It is for no personal reasons, but because of the seriousness of the situation, that I have ventured to draw your attention to the fact that there is no excuse for the lady President of the Theosophical Society to have placed before that Society the irresponsible untruth of the Jesuit fairy-tale. Afterwards people said: ‘But the President withdrew it after a few weeks.’ So much the worse when one in a responsible position trumpets forth something that, after a few weeks, has to be withdrawn, for then comes the world-judgment, and not the personal judgment. And let us add such knowledge as this to that distinction which must be made between the subjective Karma in the Ego of man and that which may be called objective Karma. For no word shall be lost; every man must make compensation for the harm that he has done; there we haven't to talk, we have to take the fact as Christ took it in the case of the adulteress: He wrote the sin in the earth. It must be clearly understood that an objective and not a merely subjective judgment of the world is necessary. That which may, in a certain sense, be called the ‘Christian Conscience’ will arise in an increasing measure as human souls become more and more conscious of the presence of Christ, and the saying of Paul becomes true: ‘Not I, but the Christ in me!’
More and more will the consciousness enter into souls that man ought not to say merely what he ‘thinks,’ but that he must prove the objective truth of what he says.
Christ will be to the soul a teacher of truth, a teacher of the highest sense of responsibility. He will fill souls with this when they come to experience the whole import of the saying: ‘Not I, but Christ in me.’
We shall speak further of these things in the next lecture.
Dritter Vortrag
Einer derjenigen Begriffe, die uns aufstoßen müssen, wenn die Rede ist von den Beziehungen des Christus zur menschlichen Seele, ist zweifellos der Begriff von Schuld und Sünde. Wir wissen ja, welch einschneidende Bedeutung die Begriffe von Schuld und Sünde haben etwa im Christentum des Paulus. Wir müssen allerdings sagen, unser gegenwärtiges Zeitalter ist wenig geneigt, ein wirklich tiefes inneres Verständnis zu haben für den weiteren Zusammenhang auch, der uns bei Paulus entgegentritt zwischen den Begriffen Schuld und Sünde und Tod und Unsterblichkeit. Aber das liegt im Materialismus unserer Zeit begründet. Wir brauchen uns nur an die Worte zu erinnern, die ich in der ersten Betrachtung, die ich hier anstellte, gesagt habe: daß ja eine Unsterblichkeit der Menschenseele ohne die Fortsetzung des Bewußtseins hinaus in die Zustände nach dem Tode keine wahre Unsterblichkeit bedeuten würde. Eine Beendigung des Bewußtseins mit dem Tode würde gleichbedeutend sein mit der Tatsache, die man dann annehmen müßte: daß eben der Mensch eigentlich nicht unsterblich sei. Denn des Menschen Wesenheit unbewußt fortbestehend nach dem Tode würde bedeuten, daß das Allerwichtigste, das, was den Menschen zum Menschen macht, nach dem Tode nicht bestehen würde. Und eine unbewußte Menschenseele, die den Tod überdauern würde, würde ja sozusagen nicht viel mehr bedeuten als die Summe von Atomen, welche auch der Materialismus annimmt, die bleiben sollen, auch wenn der menschliche Leib zerstört wird.
Für Paulus stand eben noch felsenfest, daß man von Unsterblichkeit nur reden könne bei Aufrechterhaltung des individuellen Bewußtseins. Und da er das individuelle Bewußtsein von Sünde und Schuld abhängig denken mußte, so konnte Paulus selbstverständlich denken: Wenn des Menschen Bewußtsein umnebelt wird nach dem Tode von Sünde und Schuld oder von den Folgen von Sünde und Schuld, wenn also das Bewußtsein nach dem Tode gestört wird von Sünde und Schuld, so bedeutet das, daß Sünde und Schuld den Menschen wirklich töten, den Menschen als Seele töten, als Geist töten. Weit entfernt davon ist natürlich das materialistische Bewußtsein unserer Zeit, auch dasjenige vieler philosophischen Forscher der Gegenwart, die zufrieden sind, von einem Fortleben der Menschenseele zu sprechen oder sprechen zu können, während menschliche Unsterblichkeit nur identifiziert werden darf mit bewußtem Fortbestehen der Menschenseele nach dem Tode.
Nun entsteht ja gewiß, insbesondere für die anthroposophische Weltanschauung, leicht eine Schwierigkeit. Um auf diese Schwierigkeit zu kommen, braucht man nur aufmerksam zu machen auf das gegenseitige Verhältnis der Begriffe «Schuld und Sünde» und «Karma». Das wird ja von manchen Anthroposophen so erledigt, daß sie einfach sagen: Wir glauben an Karma, das heißt: eine Schuld, die ein Mensch in irgendeiner Verkörperung begeht, die trägt er mit, mit seinem Karma, und trägt sie später ab; es wird also im Verlauf der Inkarnationen ein Ausgleich geschaffen. — Und nun beginnt hier die Schwierigkeit. Die Anthroposophen sagen dann leicht: Wie kann das vereinbar sein mit dem als christlich angenommenen Begriff zum Beispiel von der Sündenvergebung durch Christus? Und dennoch wiederum, mit wahrem Christentum ist der Begriff der Sündenvergebung durchaus verbunden. Man braucht zum Beispiel nur an das eine zu denken: Christus am Kreuz, zwischen den beiden Verbrechern. Der Verbrecher links spottet über Christus: «Wenn Du Gott sein willst, hilf Dir und uns!» (Lukas 23, 39) Der Verbrecher rechts sagt darauf: der andere solle nicht so sprechen, denn sie beide hätten eben ein Schicksal mit dem Kreuzestod verdient, das ihren Taten angemessen sei, der aber sei unschuldig und müsse das gleiche Schicksal erleben. Und es fügt hinzu der Verbrecher rechts: «Wenn Du in deinem Reiche bist, dann gedenke meiner.» Und es antwortet ihm Christus: « Wahrlich, ich sage dir, heute noch wirst du mit mir im Paradiese sein.» (Lukas 23, 42 u. 43) Dieses Wort läßt sich gewiß aus den Evangelien nicht einfach wegleugnen, auch nicht wegdisputieren, sondern es ist ein wichtiges, ein bedeutungsvolles Wort. Der Anthroposoph hat nun die Schwierigkeit, die ihm aus der Frage entsteht: Wenn der Verbrecher rechts dasjenige, was er angestellt hat, mit seinem Karma abzuwaschen hat, was soll es dann heißen, daß Christus, gleichsam ihm verzeihend, ihm vergebend sagt: «Heute noch wirst du mit mir im Paradiese sein» ? Der Anthroposoph kann sagen: Der Verbrecher rechts wird mit seinem Karma seine Schuld abzuwaschen haben wie der Verbrecher links.
Warum wird da durch Christus ein Unterschied gemacht zwischen dem Verbrecher rechts und dem Verbrecher links? Es ist ganz zweifellos, daß hier für die anthroposophische Karma-Auffassung eine Schwierigkeit vorliegt. Diese Schwierigkeit ist auch nicht leicht zu lösen; sie löst sich aber, wenn man gerade mit geisteswissenschaftlicher Forschung tiefer in das Christentum hineinschürft, wenn man tiefer hineinzukommen versucht in das Christentum. Und ich will jetzt von einer ganz anderen Seite her die Sache angreifen, von einer Seite, deren Wesen Ihnen zwar schon bekannt ist, die uns aber doch nahebringen kann eigentümliche Verhältnisse, die da vorliegen.
Erinnern Sie sich nur einmal, meine lieben Freunde, wie wir oftmals sprechen von Luzifer und Ahriman, und erinnern Sie sich dabei, wie in meinen Mysteriendramen Luzifer und Ahriman dargestellt sind. In dem Augenblick, wo man beginnt, ich möchte sagen, menschlich-anthropomorphistisch die Sache anzusehen und einfach aus Luzifer so eine Art inneren und aus Ahriman eine Art äußeren Verbrecher macht, in diesem Augenblick wird man schwer zurechtkommen; denn vergessen wir nur nicht, daß gesagt werden muß, daß Luzifer neben dem Bringer des Übels und so weiter in die Welt, des inneren Übels, das durch die Leidenschaften entsteht, auch der Bringer der Freiheit ist, daß Luzifer eine wichtige Rolle spielt im Weltenganzen. Ebenso muß von Ahriman gesagt werden, daß er eine wichtige Rolle spielt im Weltenganzen. Wir haben es ja, als begonnen wurde zuerst mehr über Luzifer und Ahriman zu sprechen, erlebt, daß Anthroposophen in einer gewissen Weise unruhig geworden sind. Sie haben auf der einen Seite, ich möchte sagen, noch solch ein Nachgefühl von dem, was man immer aus Luzifer gemacht hat: daß das eigentlich ein schrecklicher Verbrecher in der Welt ist, vor dem man sich nur hüten müsse. In dieses Gefühl gegenüber Luzifer kann natürlich der Anthroposoph nicht so ohne weiteres einstimmen, weil er Luzifer eine wichtige Rolle zuerteilen muß im Weltenganzen. Und dennoch wiederum, man muß Luzifer hinstellen als einen Gegner der fortschreitenden Götter, als einen Geist also, der den Schöpfungsplan in einer gewissen Weise durchkreuzt, als einen Feind derjenigen Götter, die wir eigentlich verehren müssen. Wir schreiben also im Grunde genommen, wenn wir so über Luzifer sprechen, einem Götterfeind eine wichtige Rolle zu im Weltenganzen. Und in ähnlicher Weise müssen wir es ja auch bei Ahriman machen.
Es ist begreiflich auf der einen Seite, daß nun das menschliche Gemüt kommt und sagt: Ja, was soll ich nun eigentlich mit diesem Luzifer und mit Ahriman anfangen; soll ich sie nun hassen oder lieben ? Ich weiß nicht recht, was ich mit ihnen anfangen soll! — Woher kommt das alles? Nun, wenn man von Luzifer und Ahriman spricht, dann muß doch deutlich werden aus der Art, wie man über sie spricht, daß man von ihnen spricht als von Wesen, die eigentlich in ihrer ganzen Eigentümlichkeit nicht dem physischen Plan angehören, die gewissermaßen ihre Mission und Aufgabe in der Welt haben außerhalb des physischen Planes, in den geistigen Welten. Insbesondere das letztemal bei den Münchener Vorträgen habe ich stark hervorgehoben, daß das Wesen dieser Sache darinnen liegt, daß Luzifer und Ahriman ihre ihnen von den fortschreitenden Göttern zuerteilte Rolle in den geistigen Welten haben, und daß eine Diskrepanz, eine Disharmonie nur auftritt, wenn sie ihre Rolle hineintragen in den physischen Plan und sich Rechte anmaßen, die ihnen eigentlich nicht zugeteilt sind. Aber wir müssen uns zu einem bequemen, meine lieben Freunde, zu dem die menschliche Seele sich nicht gerne bequemt, wenn man über diese Dinge redet, nämlich dazu, daß unser Urteil, unser menschliches Urteil, wie wir es fällen, eigentlich wirklich nur für den physischen Plan gilt, und daß dieses Urteil, wie es für den physischen Plan richtig ist, nicht einfach übertragen werden kann auf die höheren Welten. Deshalb müssen wir uns ja langsam und allmählich in die Anthroposophie hineinfinden, um unser Urteil zu erweitern, um unsere ganze Begriffsund Ideenwelt zu erweitern. Deshalb können die materialistisch denkenden Menschen der Gegenwart, trotzdem alles an der Anthroposophie zu begreifen ist, sie so schwer begreifen, weil sie ihr Urteil nicht erweitern wollen, sondern stehenbleiben wollen bei dem Urteil, das für den physischen Plan gilt.
Wenn wir sagen: Eine Macht tritt der anderen feindlich gegenüber, so ist es ganz richtig, wenn man auf dem physischen Plan stehen bleiben will, zu sagen: Feindschaft ist etwas Ungehöriges, etwas, was nicht sein soll. Aber dasselbe gilt nicht für die höheren Plane. Da muß das Urteil sich erweitern. Damit die Welt in ihrer Gänze möglich ist, ist — ebenso wie zum Beispiel auf dem Gebiet der Elektrizität positive und negative Elektrizität notwendig ist — auch geistige Gegnerschaft notwendig. Notwendig ist es, daß sich die Geister gegenüberstehen. Hier wird wahr das Wort des Heraklit, daß nicht nur die Liebe, sondern auch der Streit das Weltall konstituiert. Nur wenn auf die Menschenseele Luzifer wirkt und durch die Menschenseele in die physische Welt der Streit hineingetragen wird, dann ist dieser Streit unrecht. Aber es gilt nicht mehr dasselbe für die höheren Welten; da ist auch Gegnerschaft der Geister etwas, was zum ganzen Gefüge, zur ganzen Evolution der Welt dazugehört. Das heißt, wir müssen, sobald wir in die höhere Welt hinaufkommen, andere Maßstäbe anlegen, andere Färbungen des Urteils uns zu eigen machen. Daher ist es so schockierend, wie oftmals über Luzifer und Ahriman gesprochen werden muß, auf der einen Seite sie als Göttergegner hinstellend und auf der anderen Seite sie hinstellend wiederum so, daß sie im ganzen Gang der Weltenordnung notwendig sind.
Also es muß vor allen Dingen das ins Auge gefaßt werden, daß der Mensch mit der Weltenordnung in Kollision kommt, wenn er das Urteil, das für den physischen Plan gilt, für die höheren Welten gültig sein läßt.
Nun, das ist aber gerade der Grundnerv, der immer betont worden ist: daß der Christus als Christus nicht zu den anderen Wesen des physischen Planes gehört, daß von dem Augenblick an, als die Johannestaufe im Jordan eintritt, ein Wesen, das vorher nicht auf der Erde war, ein Wesen, das nicht zu den irdischen Wesen gehört, in die Leiblichkeit des Jesus von Nazareth eingezogen ist. Wir haben es also zu tun in dem Christus mit einem Wesen, das mit Recht zu den Jüngern sagen konnte: «Ich bin von oben, ihr aber seid von unten» (Johannes 8, 23), das heißt: Ich bin aus dem himmlischen Reich, ihr aus dem irdischen Reich. Und nun nehmen wir dasjenige, was daraus folgt. Was daraus folgt, ist dieses: Was irdisches Urteil ist, was ganz berechtigt ist als irdisches Urteil, was jeder auf der Erde fällen muß als Urteil, sofern er ein Erdenwesen ist, muß das auch das Urteil jenes kosmischen Wesens sein, das in den Jesusleib als Christus eingezogen ist? Jenes Wesen, das bei der Taufe im Jordan in den Jesusleib eingezogen ist, das hat nicht ein irdisches, das hat ein himmlisches Urteil, das muß anders urteilen, als Menschen urteilen müssen.
Und nun nehmen wir das ganze Schwergewicht des Wortes, das da auf Golgatha gesprochen wird. Der Verbrecher links glaubt nicht daran, daß mit dem Christus nicht nur eine irdische Wesenheit da ist, sondern eine Wesenheit eines besonderen Reiches, das nicht das irdische Reich ist. Dem Verbrecher rechts aber kommt unmittelbar vor dem Tode das Bewußtsein: Dein Reich, o Christus, ist ein anderes; gedenke meiner, wenn Du in Deinem Reiche bist. In diesem Augenblick zeigt der Verbrecher rechts, daß er eine Ahnung davon hat, daß der Christus zu einem anderen Reiche gehört, wo ganz andere Urteilskraft herrscht als auf der Erde. Da kann der Christus antworten, aus dem Bewußtsein heraus, daß er in seinem Reich steht: Wahrlich, dadurch daß du etwas ahnst von meinem Reiche, wirst du am heutigen Tage — nämlich mit dem Tode — mit mir in meinem Reiche sein. Da haben wir den Hinweis auf die überirdische ChristusKraft, die hinaufzieht die menschliche Individualität in ein geistiges Reich. Irdisches Urteil, menschliches Urteil muß selbstverständlich sagen: In bezug auf das Karma wird der Verbrecher rechts seine Schuld abzutragen haben wie der Verbrecher links. — Aber für das himmlische Urteil gilt ein anderes. Das ist aber erst der Anfang der Sache, denn selbstverständlich können Sie nun sagen: Ja, dann steht einfach das himmlische Urteil mit dem irdischen Urteil in Widerspruch. Wie kann der Christus verzeihen, wo das irdische Urteil eine karmische Gerechtigkeit fordert?
Ja, meine lieben Freunde, dies ist eine schwierige Frage; wir wollen sie aber doch in der Betrachtung des heutigen Abends einmal uns näherbringen. Aber ich mache ausdrücklich darauf aufmerksam, daß wir damit eine der allerschwierigsten Fragen der okkulten Wissenschaft streifen. Wir müssen nämlich eine Unterscheidung machen, welche die menschliche Seele nicht gerne machen wird, weil sie nicht gern bis in die letzten Konsequenzen einer Betrachtung mitgeht aus dem Grunde, weil einige Schwierigkeiten vorliegen. Also ich mache darauf aufmerksam, daß wir eine schwierige Betrachtung haben werden, und daß Sie vielleicht notwendig haben werden, dasjenige, was gesagt wird, oftmals in der Seele herumzudrehen, um auf die Sache eigentlich zu kommen.
Wir müssen zunächst eine Unterscheidung machen. Wir müssen das eine betrachten, was sich in einer objektiven Gerechtigkeit im Karma vollzieht. Da müssen wir uns ganz klar darüber sein, daß der Mensch allerdings seinem Karma unterworfen ist, daß er dasjenige, was er als Unrecht getan hat, karmisch auszugleichen hat. Und bei tieferem Nachdenken wird der Mensch eigentlich nicht anders wollen, als daß es so sei. Denn nehmen Sie an, irgend jemand habe ein Unrecht getan. In dem Augenblick, wo er dieses Unrecht tun konnte, ist er unvollkommener, als wenn er es nicht getan hätte, und er kann den Grad von Vollkommenheit, den er hatte, bevor er das Unrecht tat, erst wiedererringen, wenn er das Unrecht ausgleicht. Er muß also wünschen, das Unrecht auszugleichen, denn nur indem man es ausgleicht, indem man den Ausgleich erarbeitet, schafft man sich den Grad von Vollkommenheit, den man vorher hatte, bevor man die Tat vollbracht hat. So können wir um unserer eigenen Vervollkommnung willen gar nichts anderes wünschen, als daß das Karma als objektive Gerechtigkeit bestehe. Es kann also im Grunde genommen vor der Auffassung der menschlichen Freiheit gar nicht der Wunsch entstehen, es solle uns irgendwelche Sünde vergeben werden etwa in dem Sinne, daß wir zum Beispiel heute einem Menschen die Augen ausstechen und uns dann diese Sünde vergeben wird, wir dann diese Sünde in unserem Karma nicht mehr abzutragen brauchen. Ein Mensch, der einem anderen die Augen aussticht, ist unvollkommener als ein Mensch, der es nicht getan hat, und im weiteren Karma muß das eintreten, daß er eine entsprechende Guttat dafür tut; dann erst ist er wiederum in sich der Mensch, der er war, bevor er die Tat vollbracht hat. Also es kann im Grunde genommen gar nicht der Gedanke aufkommen, wenn man wirklich über das Wesen des Menschen nachdenkt, daß, wenn man einem Menschen die Augen aussticht, einem das vergeben wird und daß dann das Karma etwa ausgeglichen wäre. So hat es mit dem Karma durchaus seine Richtigkeit, daß uns gewissermaßen kein Heller nachgelassen wird, daß wir alles bezahlen müssen.
Aber es gibt ja noch etwas anderes gegenüber der Schuld. Die Schuld, die wir auf uns laden, die Sünde, die wir auf uns laden, die ist ja nicht bloß unsere Tatsache, das müssen wir jetzt unterscheiden, sondern sie ist eine objektive Weltentatsache, sie ist etwas auch für die Welt. Dasjenige, was wir verbrochen haben, das gleichen wir in unserm Karma aus; aber daß wir einem die Augen ausgestochen haben, das ist geschehen, das hat sich wirklich vollzogen, und wenn wir, sagen wir, in der jetzigen Inkarnation einem Menschen die Augen ausstechen und dann in der nächsten Inkarnation etwas tun, was dieses ausgleicht, so bleibt das doch für den objektiven Weltengang bestehen, daß wir vor soundsoviel Jahrhunderten einem die Augen ausgestochen haben. Das ist eine objektive Tatsache im Weltenganzen. Für uns gleichen wir sie später aus. Den Makel, den wir uns selbst zugefügt haben, gleichen wir im Karma aus, aber die objektive Weltentatsache, die bleibt bestehen, die können wir nicht auslöschen dadurch, daß wir von uns selbst die Unvollkommenheit nehmen.
Wir müssen unterscheiden die Folgen einer Sünde für uns selbst, und die Folgen einer Sünde für den objektiven Weltengang.
Das ist außerordentlich wichtig, daß wir diese Unterscheidung machen. Und nun darf ich vielleicht eine okkulte Betrachtung einfügen, welche die Sache etwas verständlicher machen kann.
Wenn man anblickt die Zeit der Menschheitsentwickelung seit dem Mysterium von Golgatha, und man kommt, ohne durchdrungen zu sein mit der Christus-Wesenheit, an die Akasha-Chronik heran, so wird man sehr leicht irre - sehr leicht wird man irre. Denn in dieser Akasha-Chronik zeigen sich Aufzeichnungen, die sehr häufig nicht stimmen mit dem, was man in der karmischen Evolution der einzelnen Menschen findet. Ich meine das Folgende: Nehmen wir an, im Jahre 733 meinetwillen habe irgendein Mensch gelebt und habe dazumal eine schwere Schuld auf sich geladen. Nun untersucht man die AkashaChronik, zunächst ohne daß man irgend etwas von einer Verbindung hat mit dem Christus. Und siehe da, man kann die betreffende Schuld nicht finden in der Akasha-Chronik. Geht man aber jetzt auf den Menschen ein, der weiter gelebt hat, und untersucht sein Karma, dann findet man: Ja, auf dieses Menschen Karma ist noch etwas, was er abzutragen hat; das müßte an einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Akasha-Chronik darinnen stehen; es steht aber nicht darinnen.
Wenn man das Karma untersucht, sieht man: Ja, er hat es abzutragen, man müßte in jener Inkarnation die Schuld in der AkashaChronik finden, sie steht aber nicht darinnen. Welch ein Widerspruch! Eine ganz objektive Tatsache, die in zahlreichen Fällen sich ergeben kann. Ich kann heute einem Menschen begegnen. Wenn es mir durch Gnade gegeben wird, etwas zu wissen über sein Karma, so kann ich vielleicht finden, daß irgendein Unglück oder ein Schicksalsschlag, der ihn trifft, auf seinem Karma steht, daß es der Ausgleich ist für eine frühere Schuld. Gehe ich der Sache nach in frühere Inkarnationen und prüfe, was er dazumal gemacht hat, so sehe ich in der AkashaChronik diese Tatsache nicht verzeichnet. Woher kommt denn das?
Das kommt davon her, daß der Christus tatsächlich auf sich genommen hat die objektive Schuld. In dem Augenblick, wo ich mich mit dem Christus durchdringe, wo ich mit dem Christus die AkashaChronik durchforsche, finde ich die Tatsache! Christus hat sie in sein Reich genommen und trägt sie als Wesenheit weiter, so daß, wenn ich von Christus absehe, ich sie nicht finden kann in der AkashaChronik. Man muß sich diesen Unterschied merken:
Es bleibt bestehen die karmische Gerechtigkeit, aber in bezug auf die Wirkungen einer Schuld in der geistigen Welt tritt der Christus ein, der diese Schuld in sein Reich hinübernimmt und weiterträgt.
Der Christus ist derjenige, der in der Lage ist, weil er einem anderen Reiche angehört, unsere Schulden und unsere Sünden in der Welt zu tilgen, sie auf sich zu nehmen.
Wie sagt dann also im Grunde genommen der Christus am Kreuze auf Golgatha zu dem Verbrecher links? Er spricht es ja nicht aus, aber daß er nicht spricht, darin liegt es; er sagt dem Verbrecher zu seiner Linken: Was du getan hast, es wird weiterwirken auch in der geistigen, nicht bloß in der physischen Welt. — Dem Verbrecher zu seiner Rechten aber sagt der Christus: «Heute noch wirst du mit mir im Paradiese sein.» Das heißt: Ich bin bei deiner Tat; du wirst ja durch dein Karma später das für dich zu tun haben, was die Tat für dich bedeutet. Aber was die Tat für die Welt bedeutet — wenn es trivial ausgedrückt werden darf —, das ist meine Sache! sagt der Christus. — Es ist allerdings eine sehr wichtige Unterscheidung, die wir da machen, und die Sache hat nicht nur eine Bedeutung für die Zeit nach dem Mysterium von Golgatha, sondern auch für die Zeit vor dem Mysterium von Golgatha.
Eine Anzahl unserer Freunde werden sich erinnern, daß ich darauf aufmerksam gemacht habe in früheren Vorträgen, wie das keine bloße Legende ist, daß der Christus wirklich nach dem Tode zu den Toten heruntergegangen ist. Dadurch hat er aber auch etwas getan für die Seelen, die Schuld und Sünde in vorhergehenden Zeiten auf sich geladen haben. Der Irrtum tritt nun auch ein, wenn man sich der Akasha-Chronik widmet und die Zeit der Erdenentwickelung vor dem Mysterium von Golgatha durchforscht, ohne von dem Christus durchdrungen zu sein. Man wird dann überall in der Akasha-Chronik auf Irrtümer stoßen. Mich hat es daher gar nicht gewundert, daß zum Beispiel Leadbeater, der von Christus gar nichts weiß in Wirklichkeit, zu den abstrusesten Behauptungen kam über die Erdenentwickelung in seinem Buche «Der Mensch, woher und wohin». Denn erst das Durchdrungensein mit dem Christus-Impuls macht die Seele fähig, die Dinge wirklich zu sehen, wie sie sind, die sich hingeordnet haben in der Erdenentwickelung — auch vor dem Mysterium von Golgatha — auf dieses Mysterium von Golgatha.
Karma ist eine Angelegenheit der aufeinanderfolgenden Inkarnationen des Menschen. Dasjenige, was die karmische Gerechtigkeit bedeutet, muß mit dem Urteil gesehen werden, das unser irdisches Urteil ist. Dasjenige, was der Christus tut für die Menschheit, das muß mit einem Urteil gemessen werden, das anderen Welten als der Erdenwelt angehört. Und wenn das nicht so wäre? Wenn das nicht so wäre? Gedenken wir des Erdenendes einmal, gedenken wir der Zeit, wann die Menschen ihre irdischen Inkarnationen werden durchgemacht haben. Gewiß wird das eintreten, daß alles bezahlt sein muß bis auf den letzten Heller. Die menschlichen Seelen werden ihr Karma in einer gewissen Weise ausgeglichen haben müssen. Aber stellen wir uns einmal vor, daß alle Schuld bestehen geblieben wäre in der Erde, daß alle Schuld wirken würde in der Erde. Dann würden am Ende der Erdenzeit die Menschen ankommen mit ihrem ausgeglichenen Karma, aber die Erde wäre nicht bereit, sich zum Jupiter hinüberzuentwickeln und die ganze Erdenmenschheit wäre da ohne Wohnplatz, ohne die Möglichkeit, sich hinüberzuentwickeln zum Jupiter. Daß die ganze Erde sich mitentwickelt mit den Menschen, das ist die Folge der Tat des Christus. Alles dasjenige, was für die Erde sich anhäufen würde als Schuld, das würde die Erde in die Finsternis stoßen, und wir würden keinen Planeten haben zur Weiterentwickelung. Für uns selbst können wir im Karma sorgen, nicht aber für die ganze Menschheit und nicht für dasjenige, was in der Erdenevolution mit der ganzen Menschheitsevolution zusammenhängt.
So seien wir uns denn klar darüber, daß das Karma zwar nicht von uns genommen wird, wohl aber, daß getilgt werden unsere Schulden und Sünden für die Erdenentwickelung durch dasjenige, was eingetreten ist durch das Mysterium von Golgatha. Nun müssen wir uns ja natürlich klar sein, daß das alles selbstverständlich nicht dem Menschen zufließen kann ohne sein Zutun, daß es ihm nicht zufließen kann ohne seine Mitwirkung. Und das wird uns ja sogar in der Rede am Kreuz von Golgatha, die ich angeführt habe, recht klärlich vorgeführt. Es wird uns recht deutlich vorgeführt, wie der Verbrecher zur Rechten in seine Seele aufnimmt eine Ahnung von einem überirdischen Reich, in dem es anders zugeht als in dem bloß irdischen Reich. Der Mensch muß sich erfüllen in seiner Seele mit dem Substanzgehalt der Christus-Wesenheit; er muß gleichsam von dem Christus in seine Seele etwas aufgenommen haben, so daß der Christus in ihm wirksam ist und ihn hinaufträgt in ein Reich, in dem der Mensch zwar nicht die Macht hat, sein Karma unwirksam zu machen, aber in dem durch den Christus das geschieht, daß unsere Schuld und unsere Sünden getilgt werden für die Außenwelt.
Bildlich ist das im Grunde genommen wunderbar selbst in der Malerei dargestellt worden. Wem möchte nicht einen großen Eindruck machen der Christus als Richter des « Jüngsten Gerichtes» zum Beispiel auf einem solchen Bilde, wie das von Michelangelo in der Sixtinischen Kapelle ist? Was liegt denn eigentlich dem zugrunde? Nun, nehmen wir nicht die tiefe esoterische Tatsache, sondern das Bildliche, das sich da vor unsere Seele hinstellt. Da sehen wir die Gerechten und sehen die Sünder. Es gäbe eine Möglichkeit, dieses Bild noch anders darzustellen, als es Michelangelo tut als Christ, nämlich die Möglichkeit, daß die Menschen am Erdenende oder nach dem Erdenende sehen würden ihr Karma, daß sie sich sagen würden: Ja, mein Karma habe ich zwar ausgetilgt, aber da stehen überall im Geistigen geschrieben auf ehernen Tafeln meine Schulden, und die Schulden bedeuten Schwere für die Erde, sie müssen die Erde vernichten. Für mich habe ich es ausgeglichen, aber da steht es überall. — Es wäre aber keine Wahrheit; es könnte so dastehen, aber es wäre keine Wahrheit. Denn dadurch, daß der Christus auf Golgatha gestorben ist, wird der Mensch nicht sehen seine Schuldentafeln, sondern er wird den sehen, der sie übernommen hat; sehen wird er vereinigt in der Wesenheit des Christus alles dasjenige, was sonst ausgebreitet wäre in der AkashaChronik. Der Christus steht statt der Akasha-Chronik vor ihm, er hat das alles auf sich genommen.
Wir sehen da in tiefe Geheimnisse des Erdenwerdens hinein. Aber was ist notwendig, um den wahren Tatbestand zu durchschauen auf diesem Gebiet? Das ist notwendig, daß die Menschen die Möglichkeit haben, gleichgültig ob sie Sünder oder Gerechte sind, auf den Christus hinzuschauen, daß sie keine leere Stelle da sehen, wo der Christus stehen soll. Der Zusammenhang mit dem Christus ist notwendig. Und selbst dieser Verbrecher zur Rechten bezeugt uns in seiner Rede seinen Zusammenhang mit dem Christus. Und wenn der Christus denjenigen, die in seinem Geiste wirken, gewissermaßen den Auftrag gegeben hat, Sünden zu vergeben, so ist damit nie und nimmer gemeint, Karma zu beeinträchtigen, wohl aber ist damit gemeint, daß gerettet wird das Erdenreich für denjenigen, der mit dem Christus in Beziehung steht, vor den Folgen, den geistigen Folgen der Schuld und Sünde, die objektive Tatsachen sind, auch wenn sie im späteren Karma ausgeglichen worden sind.
Was bedeutet es für die menschliche Seele, wenn im Auftrage Christi derjenige spricht, der sprechen darf: «Deine Sünden sind dir vergeben» (Matthäus 9, 2)? Das heißt, der Betreffende weiß zu bekräftigen: Du hast zwar deinen karmischen Ausgleich zu erwarten, aber deine Schuld und Sünde wandte der Christus um, so daß du später nicht das ungeheure Leid zu tragen hast, zurückzuschauen auf deine Schuld so, daß du damit ein Stück Erdendasein vernichtet hast. — Der Christus tilgt sie aus. Dazu aber ist ein gewisses Bewußtsein notwendig, welches gefordert wird, welches der, der die Sünden vergeben will, der Sündenvergeber, fordern darf: Bewußtsein der Schuld und Bewußtsein dessen, daß der Christus die Schuld auf sich nehmen kann. Dann bedeutet eine kosmische Tatsache der Ausspruch: «Deine Sünden sind dir vergeben», und nicht eine karmische Tatsache.
Der Christus zeigt an einer Stelle so wunderbar, daß es uns tief, tief ins Herz hineinschneidet, wie er zu dieser Frage steht. Denjenigen, die verdammend vor ihn mit der Ehebrecherin kommen — wir malen uns hin in der Seele diese Szene, wie sie vor ihn die Ehebrecherin bringen (Johannes 8, 1-11) -, mit zweierlei tritt ihnen der Christus entgegen: mit dem einen, daß er in die Erde hineinschreibt, mit dem anderen, daß er vergibt, daß er überhaupt nicht urteilt, nicht verdammt. Warum schreibt er in die Erde hinein? Weil das Karma wirkt, weil das Karma die objektive Gerechtigkeit ist. Für die Ehebrecherin kann ihre Tat nicht ausgelöscht werden, Christus schreibt sie in die Erde hinein. Anders ist es aber mit der geistigen, mit der nicht-irdischen Folge; die nimmt der Christus auf sich. «Er vergibt» heißt nicht, daß er sie austilgt im absoluten Sinn, sondern daß er auf sich nimmt die Folgen desjenigen, was objektiv getan ist.
Nun denken wir einmal, was es für dieMenschenseelebedeutet, wenn sie sich sagen kann: Ja, ich habe dieses oder jenes in der Welt getan. Es beeinträchtigt meine Fortentwickelung nicht, denn ich bleibe nicht so unvollkommen wie ich war, als ich die Tat begangen habe. Ich darf meine Vollkommenheit im weiteren Verlauf meines Karma wieder erringen, indem ich die Tat ausgleiche. Aber ungeschehen kann ich sie ja nicht machen für die Erdenentwickelung. — Unsägliches Leid müßte man mittragen, wenn nicht ein Wesen mit der Erde sich verbunden hätte, welches das, was von uns nicht mehr abgeändert werden kann, für die Erde ungeschehen machte. Dieses Wesen ist der Christus. Nicht subjektives Karma, aber die geistigen objektiven Wirkungen der Taten, der Schuld, die nimmt er uns ab. Das ist dasjenige, was wir, wie gesagt, in unserem Gemüt weiterverfolgen müssen. Dann werden wir es erst verstehen, daß der Christus im Grunde genommen diejenige Wesenheit ist, die mit der ganzen Menschheit im Zusammenhang steht, mit der ganzen Erdenmenschheit; denn die Erde ist um der Menschheit willen da. Also auch mit der ganzen Erde steht der Christus im Zusammenhang. Und das ist des Menschen Schwäche, die eingetreten ist infolge der luziferischen Verführung, daß der Mensch zwar imstande ist, sich subjektiv im Karma zu erlösen, daß er aber nicht imstande wäre, die Erde mitzuerlösen. Das vollbringt das kosmische Wesen, der Christus.
Und jetzt begreifen wir, warum manche Theosophen so gar nicht verstehen können, daß das Christentum mit der Karma-Idee völlig in Einklang steht. Das sind die Theosophen, die hineintragen in die Theosophie den vollsten Egoismus, einen höheren Egoismus; die es zwar nicht aussprechen, aber die im Grunde genommen doch fühlen und denken: Wenn ich mich nur in meinen Karma selbst erlöse, was geht mich dann die ganze Welt an; die mag machen, was sie will! Und diese Theosophen sind zufrieden, wenn sie nur von dem karmischen Ausgleich sprechen können. Aber damit ist es nicht getan. Der Mensch wäre ein rein luziferisches Wesen, wenn er nur an sich denken würde. Der Mensch ist ein Glied der ganzen Welt, und der Mensch muß hingebungsvoll gegenüber der ganzen Welt denken. So muß er darüber denken, daß er zwar sich selbst für sich egoistisch erlösen kann durch das Karma, daß er aber nicht das ganze Erdensein miterlösen könnte. Da tritt der Christus ein. Und in dem Augenblick, wo wir uns entschließen, nicht nur an unser Ich zu denken, müssen wir an etwas anderes noch denken als an unser Ich. Aber an was müssen wir denken? An den Christus in mir, wie Paulus sagt. Dann sind wir eben mit ihm mit dem ganzen Erdensein verbunden, dann denken wir nicht an unsere Selbsterlösung, sondern wir sagen: Nicht ich und meine Selbsterlösung — nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir und die Erdenerlösung!
Meine lieben Freunde! Man muß wahrhaftig eigentlich recht wenig christlichen Sinn haben, wenn man das Christentum so interpretiert, wie es viele machen, die da glauben, sich echte Christen nennen zu dürfen, und die andere, zum Beispiel anthroposophische Christen, verketzern. Man muß dazu wenig christlichen Sinn haben. Es darf ja vielleicht die Frage erlaubt sein: Ist es denn wirklich christlich, zu denken, daß ich alles tun darf und der Christus eigentlich nur in die Welt gekommen ist, um mir das alles abzunehmen, um mir meine Sünde zu vergeben, so daß ich mit meinem Karma, mit meiner Sünde nichts mehr zu tun habe? Ich glaube, es ist ein anderes Wort anwendbar auf eine solche Denkweise als das Wort «christlich»; vielleicht wäre das Wort «bequem» besser als das Wort «christlich». Bequem wäre es ja allerdings, wenn man bloß zu bereuen hätte, und ausgelöscht wäre dadurch für sein ganzes späteres Karma alles das, was man in der Welt verbrochen hat. Nein, aus dem Karma ist es nicht ausgelöscht, aber davon kann es ausgelöscht werden, wohin wir wegen der menschlichen Schwäche, durch die luziferische Verführung, nicht selbst dringen können: von der Erdenentwickelung. Und das tut der Christus. Dieses Leid wird uns genommen mit der Sündenerlösung: daß wir für ewige Zeiten der ganzen Erdenentwickelung eine objektive Schuld zugefügt haben. Dafür müssen wir natürlich ein ernstes Interesse haben. Dann aber, wenn wir die Sache so auffassen, dann wird sich wahrhaftig auch in vielen anderen Dingen ein kräftiger Ernst verbinden mit einer echten, wahren Christus-Auffassung. Ein tiefer Ernst wird sich mit ihr verbinden, und manches wird abfallen von mancher Christus-Auffassung, das demjenigen, der den ganzen Ernst der Christus-Auffassung in seine Seele nimmt, geradezu als eine Art Frivolität und Zynismus erscheinen könnte. Denn alles, alles, was heute gesprochen worden ist und was Punkt für Punkt gerade mit wichtigsten Stellen aus dem Neuen Testament belegt werden kann, das spricht uns ja dafür: Alles das, was uns der Christus ist, ist er uns dadurch, daß er nicht ein Wesen ist wie andere Menschen, sondern ein Wesen, das von oben, das heißt aus dem Kosmos, bei der Johannestaufe im Jordan in die menschliche Erdenentwickelung eingeflossen ist. Alles spricht für die kosmische Natur des Christus, Und wer im tiefen Sinne auffaßt, wie der Christus sich stellt zu Sünde und Schuld, der möchte so sagen: Es mußte, eben weil der Mensch im Laufe des Erdendaseins seine Schuld nicht tilgen konnte für die ganze Erde, ein kosmisches Wesen heruntersteigen, daß es doch möglich gemacht werde, daß die Erdenschuld getilgt werde.
Wahres Christentum kann gar nicht anders, als den Christus als ein kosmisches Wesen ansehen. Dann aber werden wir in unserer Seele tief, tief durchdrungen werden von dem, was eigentlich die Worte bedeuten: «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir.» Denn dann strahlt von dieser Erkenntnis in unsere Seele etwas über, was ich nicht anders bezeichnen kann, als mit den Worten: Wenn ich mir erlaube zu sagen «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir», so gestehe ich mir in diesem Augenblick, daß ich der Erdensphäre enthoben werde, daß in mir etwas lebt, was für den Kosmos Bedeutung hat, daß ich gewürdigt werde als Mensch, in meiner Seele etwas zu tragen, was außerirdisch ist, wie ich in meiner Anlage von Saturn, Sonne und Mond her ein außerirdisches Wesen in mir trage.
Und eine ungeheure Bedeutung wird übergehen in das Bewußtsein des Menschen, durchchristet zu sein. Und er wird verbinden mit diesem Paulinischen Ausspruch «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir» auch das Gefühl, daß er nun tiefsten, tiefsten Ernst machen muß gegenüber seiner innerlichen Verantwortlichkeit dem Christus gegenüber. Das aber wird die Anthroposophie in das Christus-Bewußtsein hineinbringen, daß dieses Verantwortlichkeitsgefühl auftritt, daß wir nicht bei jeder Gelegenheit uns herausnehmen zu sagen: Ja, ich habe das ja geglaubt, und weil ich es geglaubt habe, durfte ich es auch sagen. — Unser materialistisches Zeitalter geht immer weiter in diesem «Ich war davon überzeugt und deshalb durfte ich es sagen !» Aber ist es denn nicht eine Schändung des Christus in uns, eine neuerliche Kreuzigung des Christus in uns, wenn wir so kurzfühlend sind, daß wir daraufhin, daß wir irgend etwas in irgendeinem Momente glauben, wir es hinausschreien in die Welt, oder hinausschreiben in die Welt, ohne es untersucht zu haben?
Das Gefühl wird entstehen in der Menschheit, wenn sie es ernst nimmt mit dem Christus, daß man sich dieses Christus, der in uns lebt, würdig erweisen soll dadurch, daß man es immer gewissenhafter und gewissenhafter nimmt mit diesem Christus, diesem kosmischen Prinzip in uns.
Ja, man kann es recht gerne glauben, daß diejenigen den Christus nicht als kosmisches Prinzip nehmen wollen, die bei jeder Gelegenheit ihr Vergehen bereuen wollen, erst hübsch lügen über die Mitmenschen, und dann austilgen möchten diese Lügen. Derjenige, der sich des Christus in seiner Seele würdig erweisen will, der wird erst prüfen, ob er eine Sache sagen darf, auch wenn er augenblicklich von ihr überzeugt ist.
Vieles wird sich ändern, wenn eine wahre Christus-Auffassung in die Welt kommt. Alle die unzähligen Leute, die heute schreiben — oder mit schmutziger Druckerschwärze Papier verunstalten —, indem sie flink hinschreiben das, was sie nicht wissen, die werden sich klar werden darüber, daß sie damit den Christus in der menschlichen Seele schänden. Und aufhören wird die Entschuldigung: Ja, ich habe es so geglaubt, ich habe es im guten Glauben gesagt. Der Christus will nicht bloß den «guten Glauben», der Christus will die Menschen in die Wahrheit leiten. Selbst hat er gesagt: «Die Wahrheit wird euch frei machen!» (Johannes 8, 32) Wo aber hätte der Christus einmal gesagt, daß es möglich ist, wenn man in seinem Sinne denkt, dies oder jenes, ohne daß man etwas weiß, in die Welt hinauszuschreien und hinauszuschreiben?
Vieles wird anders werden! Gewiß wird ein großer Teil unseres heutigen Schrifttums nicht weiter existieren können, wenn die Menschen von dem Grundsatze ausgehen, sich würdig zu erweisen des Wortes «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir.» Aber der Krebsschaden unserer Niedergangskultur wird ausgelöscht sein, wenn aufhören werden die Stimmen zu sprechen, die leichthin, ohne reale Überzeugung alles in die Welt hinausschreien, weißes Papier verunzieren mit Druckerschwärze, indem sie etwas hinausschreiben, ohne daß sie sich davon überzeugt haben, ob es der Wahrheit entspricht.
Haben wir ja gerade auf diesem Gebiet auch vieles in der theosophischen Bewegung und in bezug auf die theosophische Bewegung erleben müssen. Und wie leicht ist man bei der Hand mit der Entschuldigung: «Ja, der oder die Betreffende waren eben in dem entsprechenden Augenblick davon überzeugt!»
Als was erweist sich oftmals eine solche «Überzeugung», meine lieben Freunde? Als der größte Leichtsinn, als die purste Frivolität! Wahrhaftig nicht aus einem persönlichen Grunde, sondern aus dem Ernst der Lage darf vielleicht auch darauf aufmerksam gemacht werden, daß es keine Entschuldigung gibt, wenn an wichtiger Stelle vor der Theosophischen Gesellschaft von der Präsidentin dieser Gesellschaft die frivole Unwahrheit hingestellt wird von dem Jesuitenmärchen. Gewiß, es kann längst abgetan sein, aber zur Charakteristik der Tatsache darf wohl noch einmal darauf hingewiesen werden. Nachträglich haben die Leute gesagt: Die Präsidentin habe es ja zurückgenommen nach wenig Wochen! Um so schlimmer, wenn man an verantwortungsvoller Stelle etwas hinausposaunt, was man in wenigen Wochen zurücknehmen muß, denn da beginnt die Weltbeurteilung und nicht die persönliche Beurteilung.
Und fügen wir auch eine solche Erkenntnis hinzu zu jener Unterscheidung, die wir treffen müssen zwischen dem subjektiven, im Ego des Menschen sich abspielenden Karma und dem, was wir als ein Objektives bezeichnen können. Da soll kein Wort verloren werden: es muß jeder Mensch den Schaden, den er mit sich angerichtet hat, auch wieder ausgleichen. Da haben wir nicht hineinzureden, da nehmen wir den Tatbestand, wie Christus ihn nahm bei der Ehebrecherin: er schrieb die Sünde in die Erde. Darauf aber muß aufmerksam gemacht werden, daß der Egoismus überwunden werden muß auf dem Gebiet der geisteswissenschaftlichen Bewegung. Da muß man sich klar sein, daß nicht nur subjektive Beurteilung, sondern eine objektive Beurteilung gegenüber der Welt notwendig ist.
Dasjenige, was man in einem gewissen Sinne christliches Gewissen nennen kann, das wird, wenn der Christus immer mehr und mehr einzieht in die Seelen, auch einziehen; das wird einziehen, wenn die Seelen sich der Anwesenheit des Christus bewußt werden, wenn das Paulus-Wort wahr wird: «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir.»
Immer mehr und mehr wird in die Seelen hineinziehen das Bewußtsein, daß man nicht nur sagen soll, was man glaubt, sondern, daß man zu prüfen hat an den objektiven Tatsachen das, was man sagt.
Der Christus wird der Seele sein ein Lehrer der Wahrheit, ein Lehrer der höheren Verantwortlichkeit. Damit wird er die Seelen durchdringen, wenn die Seelen immer mehr und mehr das ganze Schwergewicht des Wortes: «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir», spüren werden.
Third Lecture
One of the concepts that must strike us when we speak of Christ's relationship to the human soul is undoubtedly that of guilt and sin. We know what a profound significance the concepts of guilt and sin have in Paul's Christianity, for example. However, we must say that our present age is not very inclined to have a truly deep inner understanding of the broader context that we encounter in Paul between the concepts of guilt and sin and death and immortality. But this is rooted in the materialism of our time. We need only recall the words I said in my first reflection here: that the immortality of the human soul without the continuation of consciousness into the states after death would not mean true immortality. An end to consciousness with death would be tantamount to accepting the fact that human beings are not actually immortal. For the unconscious continuation of the human essence after death would mean that the most important thing, that which makes human beings human, would not exist after death. And an unconscious human soul that survives death would mean little more than the sum of atoms, which materialism assumes will remain even when the human body is destroyed.
For Paul, it was still rock-solid that one could only speak of immortality if individual consciousness were maintained. And since he had to think of individual consciousness as dependent on sin and guilt, Paul could naturally think: If human consciousness is clouded after death by sin and guilt or by the consequences of sin and guilt, if consciousness after death is disturbed by sin and guilt, then this means that sin and guilt truly kill human beings, kill them as souls, kill them as spirits. Far removed from this, of course, is the materialistic consciousness of our time, including that of many contemporary philosophical researchers who are satisfied with speaking or being able to speak of the survival of the human soul, while human immortality can only be identified with the conscious survival of the human soul after death.
Now, of course, a difficulty easily arises, especially for the anthroposophical worldview. To arrive at this difficulty, one need only draw attention to the mutual relationship between the concepts of “guilt and sin” and “karma.” Some anthroposophists deal with this by simply saying: We believe in karma, that is, a guilt that a person commits in some incarnation, which they carry with them, with their karma, and later pay off; thus, a balance is created in the course of incarnations. — And now the difficulty begins. Anthroposophists then easily say: How can this be compatible with the Christian concept of forgiveness of sins through Christ, for example? And yet, true Christianity is closely connected with the concept of forgiveness of sins. One need only think of Christ on the cross between the two criminals. The criminal on the left mocks Christ: “If you are God, help yourself and us!” (Luke 23:39) The criminal on the right says in response that the other should not speak like that, because they both deserve a fate of death on the cross that is appropriate to their deeds, but that the other is innocent and must suffer the same fate. And the criminal on the right adds: “If you are in your kingdom, remember me.” And Christ answers him: “Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in paradise.” (Luke 23:42 and 43) This word certainly cannot be simply denied or disputed in the Gospels, but is an important and meaningful word. The anthroposophist now faces the difficulty arising from the question: If the criminal on the right has to wash away what he has done with his karma, what does it mean when Christ, as it were forgiving him, says to him, “Today you will be with me in paradise”? The anthroposophist can say: The criminal on the right will have to wash away his guilt with his karma, just like the criminal on the left.
Why does Christ make a distinction between the criminal on the right and the criminal on the left? There is undoubtedly a difficulty here for the anthroposophical view of karma. This difficulty is not easy to resolve, but it does resolve itself when one delves deeper into Christianity through spiritual scientific research, when one tries to gain a deeper understanding of Christianity. And I would now like to approach the matter from a completely different angle, from an angle whose nature is already familiar to you, but which can nevertheless help us to understand the peculiar circumstances that exist here.
Just remember, my dear friends, how often we speak of Lucifer and Ahriman, and remember how Lucifer and Ahriman are portrayed in my Mystery Dramas. The moment one begins, I would say, to view the matter in a human-anthropomorphic way and simply makes Lucifer a kind of inner criminal and Ahriman a kind of outer criminal, at that moment one will find it difficult to cope; for let us not forget that it must be said that Lucifer, besides being the bringer of evil and so on into the world, of the inner evil that arises through the passions, is also the bringer of freedom, that Lucifer plays an important role in the whole world. The same must be said of Ahriman, that he plays an important role in the whole world. When we first began to talk more about Lucifer and Ahriman, we noticed that anthroposophists became somewhat uneasy. On the one hand, I would say that they still have a lingering feeling about what has always been made of Lucifer: that he is actually a terrible criminal in the world, whom we must beware of. Anthroposophists cannot readily agree with this feeling toward Lucifer, because they must assign him an important role in the world as a whole. And yet, on the other hand, Lucifer must be portrayed as an opponent of the progressive gods, as a spirit who in a certain sense thwarts the plan of creation, as an enemy of the gods whom we must actually worship. So when we speak of Lucifer in this way, we are essentially assigning an important role in the world as a whole to an enemy of the gods. And we must do the same with Ahriman.
On the one hand, it is understandable that the human mind now comes and says: Yes, what am I supposed to do with this Lucifer and Ahriman; should I hate them or love them? I don't really know what to make of them! Where does all this come from? Well, when we speak of Lucifer and Ahriman, it must be clear from the way we speak of them that we are speaking of beings who, in all their peculiarity, do not actually belong to the physical plane, but who, in a sense, have their mission and task in the world outside the physical plane, in the spiritual worlds. In the Munich lectures in particular, I strongly emphasized that the essence of this matter lies in the fact that Lucifer and Ahriman have their roles in the spiritual worlds, which were assigned to them by the advancing gods, and that a discrepancy, a disharmony, only arises when they carry their roles into the physical plane and assume rights that are not actually assigned to them. But we must come to a conclusion, my dear friends, one that the human soul does not readily accept when talking about these things, namely that our judgment, our human judgment as we make it, actually applies only to the physical plane, and that this judgment, as it is correct for the physical plane, cannot simply be transferred to the higher worlds. That is why we must slowly and gradually find our way into anthroposophy in order to broaden our judgment, to broaden our entire world of concepts and ideas. That is why materialistic-minded people of the present day, even though everything in anthroposophy is comprehensible, find it so difficult to understand, because they do not want to broaden their judgment, but want to remain with the judgment that applies to the physical plane.
When we say that one power is hostile to another, it is quite correct, if one wants to remain on the physical plane, to say that hostility is something improper, something that should not be. But the same does not apply to the higher planes. There, our judgment must be broadened. In order for the world as a whole to be possible, spiritual opposition is necessary, just as positive and negative electricity are necessary in the realm of electricity, for example. It is necessary for spirits to oppose each other. Here the words of Heraclitus become true, that not only love but also strife constitutes the universe. Only when Lucifer acts upon the human soul and strife is carried into the physical world through the human soul is this strife wrong. But the same does not apply to the higher worlds; there, the opposition of spirits is also something that belongs to the whole structure, to the whole evolution of the world. This means that as soon as we ascend to the higher world, we must apply different standards and adopt different shades of judgment. That is why it is so shocking how often we have to speak about Lucifer and Ahriman, on the one hand presenting them as enemies of God, and on the other hand presenting them as necessary for the entire course of the world order.
So, above all, we must bear in mind that human beings come into conflict with the world order when they allow judgments that apply to the physical plane to be valid for the higher worlds.
Now, this is precisely the fundamental point that has always been emphasized: that Christ as Christ does not belong to the other beings of the physical plane, that from the moment of John's baptism in the Jordan, a being that was not previously on earth, a being that does not belong to the earthly beings, entered into the physical body of Jesus of Nazareth. So in Christ we are dealing with a being who could rightly say to the disciples: “I am from above, but you are from below” (John 8:23), that is: I am from the heavenly kingdom, you are from the earthly kingdom. And now let us take what follows from this. What follows from this is this: What is an earthly judgment, what is entirely justified as an earthly judgment, what everyone on earth must judge as long as they are an earthly being, must that also be the judgment of that cosmic being who entered into the body of Jesus as Christ? That being who entered into the body of Jesus at his baptism in the Jordan does not have an earthly judgment, but a heavenly judgment; he must judge differently than human beings must judge.
And now let us take the full weight of the words spoken at Golgotha. The criminal on the left does not believe that Christ is not only an earthly being, but a being from a special realm that is not the earthly realm. But immediately before his death, the criminal on the right becomes conscious: Your kingdom, O Christ, is another; remember me when you are in your kingdom. At that moment, the criminal on the right shows that he has an inkling that Christ belongs to another kingdom where a completely different power of judgment reigns than on earth. Christ can then answer, out of the consciousness that he stands in his kingdom: Truly, because you have an inkling of my kingdom, you will be with me in my kingdom today—namely, with death. Here we have the reference to the super-earthly power of Christ, which draws human individuality up into a spiritual realm. Earthly judgment, human judgment, must of course say: In relation to karma, the criminal on the right will have to pay for his guilt just like the criminal on the left. But for heavenly judgment, something else applies. But that is only the beginning of the matter, for you may now say: Yes, but then the heavenly judgment contradicts the earthly judgment. How can Christ forgive when earthly judgment demands karmic justice?
Yes, my dear friends, this is a difficult question; but let us try to approach it more closely in our consideration this evening. However, I would like to point out explicitly that we are touching on one of the most difficult questions in occult science. We must make a distinction that the human soul does not like to make, because it does not like to follow a line of thought to its ultimate consequences, for the reason that there are certain difficulties involved. So I would like to point out that we are about to engage in a difficult line of thought, and that you may need to turn what is said over and over in your mind in order to really grasp the matter.
We must first make a distinction. We must consider what takes place in objective justice in karma. We must be very clear that human beings are indeed subject to karma, that they must karmically compensate for what they have done wrong. And on deeper reflection, human beings actually want nothing else than for this to be so. For suppose someone has done something wrong. At the moment when they were able to do this wrong, they are more imperfect than if they had not done it, and they can only regain the degree of perfection they had before they did the wrong by compensating for it. He must therefore wish to compensate for the wrong, because only by compensating for it, by working to achieve compensation, can he attain the degree of perfection he had before he committed the act. Thus, for the sake of our own perfection, we can wish for nothing else than that karma should exist as objective justice. So, basically, from the point of view of human freedom, the desire cannot arise that we should be forgiven for any sin, for example, that we should be forgiven for gouging out someone's eyes today and then no longer have to pay for this sin in our karma. A person who gouges out the eyes of another is more imperfect than a person who has not done so, and in further karma it must happen that he does a corresponding good deed in return; only then is he once again the person he was before he committed the deed. So, when you really think about the nature of human beings, it is basically impossible to imagine that if you gouge out someone's eyes, you will be forgiven and that your karma will then be balanced. This is how karma works: we are not let off the hook, so to speak, but must pay for everything.
But there is something else besides guilt. The guilt we bear, the sin we bear, is not merely our own doing, we must distinguish that now, but it is an objective fact of the world, it is also something for the world. What we have done wrong, we make up for in our karma; but the fact that we have gouged out someone's eyes has happened, it has really taken place, and if, say, in our present incarnation we gouge out someone's eyes and then in the next incarnation we do something to compensate for this, it remains an objective fact of the world that we gouged out someone's eyes so many centuries ago. That is an objective fact in the world as a whole. For ourselves, we will compensate for it later. We will compensate for the blemish we have inflicted on ourselves in karma, but the objective fact of the world remains; we cannot erase it by removing the imperfection from ourselves.
We must distinguish between the consequences of a sin for ourselves and the consequences of a sin for the objective world.
It is extremely important that we make this distinction. And now I would like to add an occult observation that may make the matter a little clearer.
If one looks at the time of human evolution since the Mystery of Golgotha, and approaches the Akashic Records without being imbued with the Christ Being, one is very easily led astray — very easily led astray. For in these Akashic Records there are records that very often do not correspond to what one finds in the karmic evolution of individual human beings. I mean the following: Let us suppose that in the year 733, for my sake, some human being lived and at that time incurred a heavy debt. Now you examine the Akashic Records, initially without having any connection to Christ. And lo and behold, you cannot find the debt in question in the Akashic Records. But if we now look at the person who lived on and examine his karma, we find that there is indeed something in this person's karma that he has to work off; this should be recorded in the Akashic Records at a certain point in time, but it is not there.
When one examines the karma, one sees: Yes, he has to pay it off; one would have to find the guilt in the Akashic Records in that incarnation, but it is not there. What a contradiction! A completely objective fact that can arise in numerous cases. I may meet a person today. If I am given the grace to know something about his karma, I may perhaps find that some misfortune or stroke of fate that befalls him is recorded in his karma, that it is the compensation for a former debt. If I investigate the matter in earlier incarnations and examine what he did at that time, I do not see this fact recorded in the Akashic Records. Where does this come from?
This comes from the fact that Christ actually took upon himself the objective guilt. The moment I penetrate myself with Christ, the moment I search the Akashic Records with Christ, I find the fact! Christ has taken it into his kingdom and carries it on as an entity, so that when I look away from Christ, I cannot find it in the Akashic Records. One must remember this difference:
Karmic justice remains, but in relation to the effects of guilt in the spiritual world, Christ steps in, takes this guilt into his kingdom, and carries it on.
Christ is the one who, because he belongs to another realm, is able to pay off our debts and sins in the world, to take them upon himself.So what does Christ on the cross at Golgotha actually say to the criminal on his left? He does not say it in words, but the fact that he does not speak is significant; he says to the criminal on his left: What you have done will continue to have an effect in the spiritual world, not only in the physical world. But to the criminal on his right, Christ says: “Today you will be with me in paradise.” This means: I am with you in your deed; through your karma you will later have to do for yourself what the deed means for you. But what the deed means for the world — if it may be expressed in trivial terms — is my business! says Christ. It is indeed a very important distinction that we are making here, and the matter has significance not only for the time after the Mystery of Golgotha, but also for the time before the Mystery of Golgotha.
A number of our friends will remember that I pointed out in earlier lectures that it is not mere legend that Christ really descended to the dead after his death. In doing so, however, he also did something for the souls who had burdened themselves with guilt and sin in previous times. The error arises when one studies the Akashic Records and investigates the time of Earth's development before the Mystery of Golgotha without being imbued with the Christ. One will then encounter errors everywhere in the Akashic Records. I was therefore not at all surprised that Leadbeater, for example, who in reality knows nothing about Christ, came to the most abstruse assertions about the evolution of the earth in his book “Man, Where Does He Come From and Where Does He Go?” For only when the soul is permeated with the Christ impulse does it become capable of seeing things as they really are, as they have been arranged in the evolution of the earth — even before the Mystery of Golgotha — in relation to this Mystery of Golgotha.
Karma is a matter of successive incarnations of human beings. What karmic justice means must be seen with the judgment that is our earthly judgment. What Christ does for humanity must be measured with a judgment that belongs to worlds other than the earthly world. And if that were not so? If that were not so? Let us remember the end of the earth, let us remember the time when human beings will have gone through their earthly incarnations. It is certain that everything will have to be paid for down to the last penny. Human souls will have had to balance their karma in a certain way. But let us imagine for a moment that all guilt had remained on earth, that all guilt would continue to have an effect on earth. Then, at the end of the Earth's time, people would arrive with their karma balanced, but the Earth would not be ready to evolve toward Jupiter, and all of humanity would be left without a place to live, without the possibility of evolving toward Jupiter. The fact that the entire Earth evolves along with humanity is the result of Christ's deed. Everything that would accumulate as guilt for the earth would plunge the earth into darkness, and we would have no planet for further development. We can take care of our own karma, but not that of the whole of humanity, nor that which is connected with the whole of human evolution in the earth's evolution.
Let us therefore be clear that although karma is not taken away from us, our debts and sins for the development of the earth are redeemed through what has come about through the Mystery of Golgotha. Now, of course, we must be clear that all this cannot flow to human beings without their participation, that it cannot flow to them without their cooperation. And this is clearly demonstrated to us in the words spoken on the cross at Golgotha, which I have quoted. It is made quite clear to us how the criminal on the right takes into his soul a glimpse of a super-earthly realm in which things are different from the merely earthly realm. Human beings must fill their souls with the substance of the Christ being; they must, as it were, have taken something from Christ into their souls so that Christ is effective in them and carries them up into a realm where human beings do not have the power to render their karma ineffective, but where, through Christ, our guilt and our sins are expiated for the outer world.
This has been wonderfully depicted in painting. Who would not be deeply impressed by Christ as the judge of the Last Judgment, for example, in a painting such as Michelangelo's in the Sistine Chapel? What is actually behind this? Well, let us not take the deep esoteric fact, but the pictorial image that stands before our soul. There we see the righteous and we see the sinners. There would be another way of depicting this image than Michelangelo does as a Christian, namely the possibility that at the end of their lives or after death, people would see their karma and say to themselves: Yes, I have paid off my karma, but my debts are written everywhere in the spiritual realm on tablets of stone, and these debts are a burden on the earth; they must destroy the earth. I have paid my debts, but they are still there everywhere. — But that would not be the truth; it could be written there, but it would not be the truth. For through Christ's death on Golgotha, man will not see his tablets of debt, but he will see the One who has taken them upon Himself; he will see, united in the essence of Christ, everything that would otherwise be spread out in the Akashic Records. Christ stands before him in place of the Akashic Records; He has taken all this upon Himself.
We see into the deep mysteries of the earth's becoming. But what is necessary in order to see through the true facts in this realm? It is necessary that human beings, whether sinners or righteous, have the opportunity to look upon Christ, that they see no empty place where Christ should stand. The connection with Christ is necessary. And even this criminal on the right testifies in his speech to his connection with Christ. And if Christ has, in a sense, given those who work in his spirit the task of forgiving sins, this never means interfering with karma, but rather that the earthly realm is saved for those who are connected with Christ, from the consequences, the spiritual consequences of guilt and sin, which are objective facts, even if they have been balanced out in later karma.
What does it mean for the human soul when, on behalf of Christ, the one who is allowed to speak says, “Your sins are forgiven” (Matthew 9:2)? This means that the person concerned can affirm: You do have your karmic compensation to expect, but Christ has turned your guilt and sin around so that you will not have to bear the immense suffering of looking back on your guilt in such a way that you have destroyed a part of your earthly existence. — Christ erases it. But this requires a certain awareness, which is demanded, which the one who wants to forgive sins, the forgiver of sins, may demand: awareness of guilt and awareness that Christ can take the guilt upon himself. Then the statement “Your sins are forgiven” means a cosmic fact and not a karmic fact.
Christ shows us so wonderfully at one point, in a way that cuts deep into our hearts, how he stands on this question. To those who come before him condemning the adulteress — let us picture in our minds this scene, how they bring the adulteress before him (John 8:1-11) — Christ responds in two ways: on the one hand, he writes on the ground; on the other, he forgives, he does not judge at all, he does not condemn. Why does he write on the ground? Because karma works, because karma is objective justice. For the adulteress, her deed cannot be erased; Christ writes it on the ground. But it is different with the spiritual, the non-earthly consequence; Christ takes that upon himself. “He forgives” does not mean that he erases it in the absolute sense, but that he takes upon himself the consequences of what has been done objectively.
Now let us consider what it means for the human soul when it can say: Yes, I have done this or that in the world. It does not impair my further development, for I do not remain as imperfect as I was when I committed the deed. I can regain my perfection in the further course of my karma by compensating for the deed. But I cannot undo it for the development of the earth. — We would have to bear unspeakable suffering if a being had not connected itself with the earth to undo for the earth what we can no longer change. This being is Christ. He takes away from us not subjective karma, but the spiritual, objective effects of our deeds, our guilt. That is what we must continue to pursue in our minds, as I have said. Then we will understand that Christ is, in essence, the being who is connected with all of humanity, with all of humanity on Earth; for the Earth exists for the sake of humanity. So Christ is also connected with the whole earth. And it is human weakness, which has arisen as a result of Lucifer's seduction, that although human beings are capable of redeeming themselves subjectively in karma, they are not capable of redeeming the earth. This is accomplished by the cosmic being, Christ.
And now we understand why some theosophists cannot understand that Christianity is completely in harmony with the idea of karma. These are the theosophists who carry into theosophy the fullest egoism, a higher egoism; who do not express it, but who, in essence, feel and think: If I redeem myself in my karma, what does the whole world matter to me? Let it do what it wants! And these theosophists are satisfied if they can only talk about karmic balance. But that is not enough. Man would be a purely Luciferic being if he thought only of himself. Human beings are part of the whole world, and they must think devotedly toward the whole world. They must therefore think that although they can redeem themselves selfishly through karma, they cannot redeem the whole of earthly existence. This is where Christ comes in. And at the moment when we decide not to think only of our ego, we must think of something else besides our ego. But what must we think of? Of Christ within us, as Paul says. Then we are connected with him and with the whole of earthly existence, and we do not think of our own redemption, but say: Not I and my own redemption — not I, but Christ within me and the redemption of the earth!
My dear friends! One must truly have very little Christian sense if one interprets Christianity as many do who believe they can call themselves true Christians and who condemn others, for example, anthroposophical Christians. One must have very little Christian sense to do so. Perhaps the question may be asked: Is it really Christian to think that I can do anything and that Christ actually came into the world only to take all this away from me, to forgive me my sins, so that I no longer have anything to do with my karma, with my sins? I believe that a different word is applicable to such a way of thinking than the word “Christian”; perhaps the word “convenient” would be better than the word “Christian.” It would certainly be convenient if one only had to repent, and thereby everything one had done wrong in the world would be erased for one's entire future karma. No, it is not erased from karma, but it can be erased from where we cannot reach ourselves because of human weakness, because of Lucifer's seduction: from the evolution of the earth. And that is what Christ does. This suffering is taken from us with the redemption of sin: that we have inflicted an objective guilt on the whole evolution of the earth for all eternity. Of course, we must take a serious interest in this. But then, if we understand the matter in this way, a powerful seriousness will truly be combined with a genuine, true understanding of Christ in many other things. A deep seriousness will be connected with it, and much will fall away from many conceptions of Christ that might appear to those who take the whole seriousness of the conception of Christ into their souls as a kind of frivolity and cynicism. For everything, everything that has been said today and that can be substantiated point by point with the most important passages from the New Testament, speaks to us in favor of this: Everything that Christ is to us, he is to us because he is not a being like other human beings, but a being who came from above, that is, from the cosmos, and entered into human earthly evolution at the baptism of John in the Jordan. Everything speaks for the cosmic nature of Christ, and anyone who understands in a deep sense how Christ relates to sin and guilt would say: Precisely because human beings could not atone for the guilt of the whole earth during their earthly existence, a cosmic being had to descend so that it might be possible for the guilt of the earth to be atoned for.
True Christianity cannot help but regard Christ as a cosmic being. But then we will be deeply, deeply penetrated in our souls by what the words “Not I, but Christ in me” actually mean. For then something will shine out of this knowledge into our souls that I can only describe with the words: When I allow myself to say, “Not I, but Christ in me,” I admit at that moment that I am being lifted out of the earthly sphere, that something lives in me that has meaning for the cosmos, that I am worthy as a human being to carry something extraterrestrial in my soul, just as I carry an extraterrestrial being in my constitution from Saturn, the Sun, and the Moon.
And an immense significance will pass into the consciousness of human beings, that they are permeated by Christ. And they will connect with this Pauline statement, “Not I, but Christ in me,” the feeling that they must now take their inner responsibility toward Christ most seriously. But this will bring anthroposophy into Christ consciousness, that this sense of responsibility arises, that we do not take the liberty at every opportunity to say: Yes, I believed that, and because I believed it, I was allowed to say it. — Our materialistic age continues in this vein: “I was convinced of it, and therefore I was allowed to say it!” But is it not a desecration of Christ within us, a renewed crucifixion of Christ within us, if we are so short-sighted that, because we believe something at some moment, we shout it out into the world or write it out into the world without having investigated it?
The feeling will arise in humanity, when it takes Christ seriously, that we must prove ourselves worthy of this Christ who lives within us by taking this Christ, this cosmic principle within us, more and more seriously.
Yes, one can well believe that those who want to take Christ as a cosmic principle are those who want to repent of their transgressions at every opportunity, first lying nicely about their fellow human beings and then wanting to erase these lies. Those who want to prove themselves worthy of Christ in their souls will first examine whether they may say something, even if they are convinced of it at the moment.
Much will change when a true understanding of Christ comes into the world. All the countless people who write today—or deface paper with dirty ink—by quickly jotting down what they do not know will realize that they are thereby defiling Christ in the human soul. And the excuse will cease: Yes, I believed it, I said it in good faith. Christ does not want mere “good faith”; Christ wants to lead people to the truth. He himself said: “The truth will set you free!” (John 8:32) But where did Christ ever say that it is possible, if one thinks in his spirit, to shout and write out into the world this or that without knowing anything?
Much will change! Certainly, a large part of our present literature will no longer be able to exist if people start from the principle of proving themselves worthy of the words, “Not I, but Christ in me.” But the cancerous damage of our declining culture will be wiped out when the voices cease that casually shout everything out into the world without real conviction, defacing white paper with printer's ink by writing things without being convinced that they correspond to the truth.
We have had to experience much of this in the theosophical movement and in relation to the theosophical movement. And how easy it is to come up with the excuse: “Yes, the person concerned was convinced of it at that moment!”
What does such “conviction” often prove to be, my dear friends? The greatest recklessness, the purest frivolity! Truly, not for personal reasons, but because of the seriousness of the situation, it should perhaps be pointed out that there is no excuse for the president of the Theosophical Society to present the frivolous untruth of the Jesuit fairy tale in an important position before the Theosophical Society. Certainly, it can long since be dismissed, but it should be pointed out once again as a characteristic of the fact. Afterwards, people said that the president had retracted her statement after a few weeks! All the worse if someone in a position of responsibility trumpets something that has to be retracted after a few weeks, because that is where the assessment of the world begins, not the personal assessment.
And let us also add this insight to the distinction we must make between the subjective karma that plays out in the ego of the human being and what we can call the objective. Let no word be wasted here: every human being must also compensate for the damage they have caused. We have no say in this; we accept the facts as Christ did with the adulteress: he wrote the sin on the ground. But it must be pointed out that egoism must be overcome in the field of spiritual science. It must be clear that not only subjective judgment but also objective judgment is necessary in relation to the world.
What in a certain sense can be called Christian conscience will also come to be when Christ enters more and more into souls; it will come to be when souls become conscious of the presence of Christ, when the words of Paul become true: “Not I, but Christ in me.”
More and more, the awareness will enter into souls that one should not only say what one believes, but that one must test what one says against objective facts.
Christ will be a teacher of truth to the soul, a teacher of higher responsibility. He will permeate souls with this when they increasingly feel the full weight of the words: “Not I, but Christ in me.”